The highest point of the Ural mountains on the map. The highest mountain of the Ural Mountains
The Supilar Urals is difficult for research, therefore, there were few expeditions before.
At first they thought high mountain - Mount Sable (1497). Then I measured more accurately, and it turned out that it was a mountain - Telpos-from (1617 meters), then moved and it turned out that Mount Manaragu (1660 meters).
Now, measuring all the mountains, stopped on the Mountain of the People's Mountain (emphasis on the first syllable). E height - 1895 meters. And she is among the five highest mountains of Russia.
At first they gave the name of the river People's river, and then the two-headed grief nearly not. And since the local population - Mansi, then the mountain and the river began to be called on the manner of Mansiysk (and in Mansiysk people-from)
In the Ural mining system, it is customary to share two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. Mountains stretched for 2.5 thousand km from north to south.
The highest peak of the Ural Mountain is located in the Polar Urals, on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. The title of the vertex - National.
The height of the international is 1895 meters.
Although the height of the top and not too impressive, it does not use much popular among tourists due to the severity of the climate of the region.
The Supilar Urals is superior to the height of its parts, the Southern Urals, the Northern Urals and even the Polar Urals. Here are the highest peaks and what is curious, each of them was once considered the highest. Initially, such a saber mountain was considered, the height of which is 1497 meters. Then another, Mount Telpos-from, the name sounds in the local language as Nest of the wind, height E 1617 meters. Then the championship passed to the Mount of Manaraga, the eight was determined in 1820 meters. Until now, such a figure is found in previously published reference books. Only with the development of equipment measurement techniques was clarified that it is only 1660 meters. And above others, in fact, the mountain People's mountain, 1895 meters.
The Ural Mountains are very old, during their existence they managed to concern, then almost completely collapse and finally a few tens of millions of years ago to rise again. But the heights in these mountains are small, although they play a huge role in determining the plains lying on both sides, and full minerals themselves. SAMI high mountain The Urals is called the folk and its height of only 1895 meters. It is located in the indoor Urals in the area of \u200b\u200bthe border between the Komi Republic and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District. Despite the small height, the people's beautifully towers over the surrounding area and sparkles in winter a beautiful snowy hat.
The Ural Mountains seems to share the two historical and cultural areas of the continent of Eurasia, Europe and Asia. These mountains are not so big, such as the Caucasus, the Alps, not to mention the Himalayas. The maximum height of the Urals is 1895 meters.
The highest peak of the Ural Mountains is a mountain National. E height in meters is - 1895 above sea level, and it is on Polar Urals (located on the Lyapinquot river; in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District to Mount Telpos in the Komi Republic).
Mountain folk height of 1895 meters is located in the Supolar Urals on the border of the KhMAO and the Republic of Komi
KHMAO - Khanty-Mansiysk National District.
Name folk Appeared in 1927, he gave Geologist A.N. Aleshkov during the expedition to the Northern (Porpolar) Ural.
The main treasure of the Urals, rich in various forests and waters, is the mountains, or rather unpretentious wealth (minerals), hidden in their powerful and immense departures. After all, the mountains with their ores allow us to erect cities and plants, and the consequence of all this is the prosperity of life.
Mountains and famous Ural locality. Among an amazing indescribable beauty and is located the highest mountain People's (Ural), which will be discussed in the future.
Location of the Ural Gor.
From the most wetrated tundras (clogs) of the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the steppes of the Kovnyna Kazakhstan, the magnificent, created by the nature of the Mountain of the Urals, stretched through endless plain spaces. They are a continuous series of diverse, surprisingly beautiful nature landscapes.
The harsh majority of the vertices of these places is impressive with its atmosphere of freshness and eternity.
Mountain Country Ural
The list by the number of mountains in the Urals is not yet. However, the vertices are a huge amount. And almost every one has a name (Oronym), which is a kind of monument of history, language, spiritual culture. The names of the mountains tell about many ways: about people who lived and living in these parts or once visited these wonderful places.
By the names of the mountains there is an unusual Oronymic dictionary. They are presented in the book in the manner established by nature - from the north to south (from the shores of the ocean of Iceit to the steppes of the priaral).
The fabulous Ural mountain country consists of the following sections: Pai-Hoi, Ural Polar, Porpolar, Northern, Middle, South and Muurgary. Among all numerous vertices and the Mountain Mountain is located.
Landscapes
Numerous springs with crystal clear water and lake with beautiful shades of turquoise are located in intergigurine valleys.
From here, the water flows to the largest rivers of Russia are beginning their far path: Obi, Pechora, Kame.
On the slopes are shrub and trees curved by harsh winds. The mixed taiga of the southern Urals covers its greens the slopes of the mountains.
And the river valleys for a long time are covered by Bashkirs who have granted interesting names in many rivers and elevations. For example, the highest peak in these places is called Yamantau (translated - "bad mountain"). 1640 meters - its height above sea level.
The average urals are notable for being the lowest place of the stone belt. Here, only some hills rise slightly above the forest border. And the rivers at least somehow enliven these places.
Closer to the north, where the People's Mountain is located, the Ural Range is steadily gaining the height of his vertices. Here you can see gigantic, getting up to the most clouds, Giant Mountains: Metax, Korzhakovsky and Kozvinsky stones. Powerful cliffs, constantly hanging clouds above the slopes, strongest winds and glaciers - all this can be seen on the extensive expanses of the Urals.
Description of the Mountain Mountain
Externally, it is nothing but a powerful height, does not stand out against the background of the remaining mountains of the indoor Urals.
It is noteworthy that it has punches and circus with hidden in their depths of lakes.
There are glaciers here, and snowfields. The area is an alpine relief, with deep gorges and sheer slopes. In the highland zones there are arrays with flat vertices.
Mount People (Komi): Location
Mountain is geographically located in the Khanty-Mansiysk District of the Tyumen region. In a semi-kilometer from her - the Republic of Komi.
Although this top is located on the Supolar Urals in a hard-to-reach area, from the very day of the mountain, this place has become a favorite zone for tourists and lovers of romance.
Coordinates of its geographical: 65 ° 02 p. Sh, 60 ° 07 V. d.
Mountain Folk: photo, name
The peak of People was open in 1927 by Geologist A. N. Aleshkov during the expedition to the Northern Urals.
Its name has two forms: with an emphasis on the first syllable and with an emphasis on the second syllable. The first name is justified by the fact that the very foot of the mountain is the river people (emphasis on "A").
The second name is explained by the fact that from the 20s to the 30s of the last century, the name was taken to devote to various patriotic symbols of the updated state (for example, the peak of communism, Peak Lenin). In the case of the Ural vertex, it is referred to in mind the dedication to the entire Soviet people. This is the essence of the name "Mount People". The height of the main top of the Urals is 1895 meters.
The history of the opening of the highest vertex of the Urals
The original highest peak of the Ural Mountain was considered a mountain sabl (her height of 1497 meters). Then this title passed to the top of the Telpos-from (translated by the "wind nest"), the height of which is 1617 meters. Subsequently, as the studies, the championship took Mount Manarage (the height was originally defined in 1660 meters).
Then there were scientific disputes about the championship between the peaks of Manarage (new data on height - 1820 meters) and folk. The final real height of the first turned out to be 1660 m, and as a result, Mount People's highest is recognized as the highest high.
History of research on the territory
Mountain People has a very poor development history due to the difficult accessibility of these areas (hundreds of kilometers from the nearest settlements).
The very first expedition of scientists led by the Hungarian researcher Antal Held in these places from 1843 to 1845. This group studied life and the language of the people of Mansi, their beliefs and customs. Thanks to Antal, the kinship of Finnish, Hungarian, Khanty and Mansi Autonomous Languages \u200b\u200bwas proven.
Back in 1847-1850, the EK expedition worked here. Hoffman. The People's Mountain was revealed and investigated only in 1927 by the expedition of Geolog Aleshkova, who gave the top such a patriotic name (from the Russian word "people").
On this grief in 1998 was installed poklonnaya Cross With the words "save and save." A year after that, Orthodox believers organized a procession on its vertex. It is also noteworthy that the tops are located around it, which have names in honor of famous geologists, Karpinsky and Didkovsky scientists who have made an important contribution to the study of this area.
All these amazing natural monuments Attract with their romantic beauty, inexplicable greatness and friendly.
"The Stone Belt of the Land of Russian" - so the Ural Mountains in the old days were magnified. Indeed, they seem to be cocked by Russia, separating the European part of Asian. Mountain chains stretching for more than 2,000 kilometers do not end on the shores of the Northern Ocean. They only do not dive into the water for a long time, to "nap" - first on Vaigach Island. And then on the archipelago New Earth. Thus, the Urals stretches to the pole of another 800 kilometers.
The "stone belt" of the Urals is relatively non-masters: it does not exceed 200 kilometers, squeezing to 50 kilometers and less. These are the ancient mountains that have emerged a few hundred million years ago, when fragments of the earth's crust were smeared with a long uneven "seam". Since then, the ridges have been reproduced by ascending movements, but still more collapsed. The highest point of the Urals Mountain People is rising only 1895 meters. The vertices for 1000 meters are excluded even in the most elevated parts.
Very varied in height, relief and landscapes, the Ural Mountains are customary to divide into several parts. The northernmost, inclusion in the water of the Arctic Ocean, - Pai-Hoy, low (300-500 meters) of whose ridges are partially immersed in the glacial and sea precipitation of the surrounding plains.
Polar Urals are noticeably higher (up to 1,300 meters or more). In his relief - traces of ancient glacier activity: narrow ridges with sharp vertices (carling); Between them lie wide deep valleys (troph), including through. According to one of them, the polar Ural crosses railway, going to the city of Labytnangi (on Ob). In the Polar Urals, very similar in appearance, the mountains reach maximum heights.
In the Northern Urals, separate arrays - "stones" are distinguished, which are noticeably towering over the surrounding lowlands, is a carcanic stone (1492 meters), Korzhakovsky stone (1569 meters). It is clearly expressed longitudinal ridges and separating them down. The rivers are forced to follow for a long time, before they gain strength to escape from the mountainous country in a narrow gorge. The vertices, unlike the polar, are rounded or flat, decorated with steps - in highland terraces. And vertices, and the slopes are covered with collaborators of large blocks; Someone over them are the remains in the form of truncated pyramids (in local trumpets).
In the north you can meet the inhabitants of the tundra - the reindeer in the forests are found by bears, wolves, foxes, sable, alcohol, lynx, as well as hoofs (moose, deer, etc.).
Casual photos of the mountains
Scientists are not always able to establish when people settled in one area or another. Ural is one of the similar examples. Traces of activity of people living here 25-40 thousand years ago were preserved only in deep caves. Found several parking lots ancient man. North ("basic") was 175 kilometers from the polar circle.
The average urals to the mountains can be attributed with a large proportion of convention: in this place "belt" a noticeable failure was formed. There are only a few separate gentle sopes not higher than 800 meters left. Plateau Preions, belonging to the Russian Plain, freely "transfuse" through the main watershed and transfers to the Zaralsk Plato - already within Western Siberia.
The Southern Urals, having a mountain appearance, parallel ridges reach the maximum width. The vertices rarely overcome the thousandsome line (the highest point - Mount Yamantau - 1640 meters); The outlines are soft, slopes of gentle.
Casual photos of the mountains
The mountains of the Southern Urals, largely composed of easily soluble rocks, have a karst form of relief - blind valleys, funnels, caves and failures formed during the destruction of the arches.
The nature of the Southern Urals is sharply different from the nature of the Northern Urals. In the summer, in the dry steppes, Mr. Mugarjara is warmed up to 30-40`s. Even a weak wind raises vortex dust. The Ural River occurs at the foot of the mountains along the long depression of the meridional direction. The valley of this river is almost flavored, the course is calm although there are also thresholds.
IN Southern steppes Susliki-Bayebaci, earthling, snakes and lizards are found. Rodents (hamsters, field mice) spread on plowed lands.
Casual photos of the mountains
Ural landscapes are diverse, because the chain crosses how much natural zones - From the tundra to the steppes. High-rise belts are weakly expressed; Only the biggest peaks with their solenitity differ noticeably from the footing festers. Rather, you can catch the difference between the slopes. Western, more European, is relatively warm and wet. Oaks, maples and other widespread trees grow on them, which do not penetrate the eastern slopes: Siberian, North-Asian landscapes are dominated here.
Nature, as it were, confirms the decision of the person to carry out the border between the parts of the world in the Urals.
In the foothills and mountains of the Urals, the subsoil is full of inconspicuous wealth: copper, iron, nickel, gold, diamonds, platinum, precious stones and gems, coal and stone salt ... This is one of the few on the planet of the regions, where the mountain fishery originated five thousand years ago and will exist for a very long time.
Geological and tectonic structure of the Urals
The Ural Mountains were formed in the field of Gersinsky folding. From the Russian platform, they are separated by the pre-rally regional deflection, made by the sedimentary strata of Paleogen: clays, sands, gypsum, limestones.
The oldest breeds of the Urals - Archean and Proterozoic Crystal Slanti and Quartzites - they are laying his water-seated ridge.
The sedimentary and metamorphic species of Paleozoic are located in the west of it: sandstones, shale, limestone and marbles.
In the eastern part of the Urals among Paleozoic sedimentary thickness, a variety of magmatic breeds are widespread. With this, the exclusive wealth of the Eastern Slope of the Urals and Zauralya is connected with a variety of ore fossil, precious and semi-precious stones.
Climate of the Ural Gor.
Ural lies in the depths. The mainland removed on a large distance from the Atlantic Ocean. This determines the continentality of its climate. Climatic inhomogeneity within the Urals is associated primarily with its high length from north to south, from the shores of Barents and Kara Sea. to dry steppes of Kazakhstan. As a result, the northern and southern areas of the Urals are in unequal radiation and circulation conditions and fall into different climatic belts - subarctic (to the polar cool) and moderate (the rest of the territory).
The belt of the mountains is narrow, the height of the ridges is relatively small, so its special mountain climate in the Urals is not formed. However, the meridionally elongated mountains quite significantly affect circulating processes, playing the role of the barrier on the path of the dominant Western transfer of air mass. Therefore, although climates of neighboring plains are repeated in the mountains, but in a somewhat modified form. In particular, with any intersection of the Urals in the mountains, there is a climate of more northern districts than on the preconciling plains of the Bloods, i.e., climatic zones in the mountains are shifted to the south compared to neighboring plains. Thus, within the Ural Mountain countries, the change in climatic conditions is subject to the law of latitudinal zonality and is only somewhat complicated by a high-altitude lower. There is a change of climate from the tundra to the steppe.
Being an obstacle to the movement of air masses from the west to the East, the Ural serves as an example of a physico-geographical country, where the impact of climate orography is clearly manifested. This impact is primarily manifested in the best moisture in the western slope, which first meets cyclones, and the pre-Urals. With all the intersections of the Urals, the amount of precipitation on the Western slopes 150 - 200 mm is greater than on the eastern one.
The greatest amount of precipitation (over 1000 mm) falls on the western slopes of the polar, and partially northern Urals. This is due to both the height of the mountains and their position on the basic ways of atlantic cyclones. The south of the precipitation gradually decreases to 600 - 700 mm, again rising to 850 mm in the highest part of the southern Urals. In the southern and southeastern parts of the Urals, as well as in the extreme north, the annual precipitation amount is less than 500 - 450 mm. Maximum precipitation falls for a warm period.
In winter, snow cover is installed in the Urals. Its power in the pre-execution is 70 - 90 cm. In the mountains, the snow power increases with a height, reaching 1,5 - 2 m. Especially abundant snow at the top of the forest belt. In the Snow Abrahyle, significantly less. In the southern part of the Zauralya, its power does not exceed 30 - 40 cm.
In general, within the Ural Mountain Country Country, the climate varies from harsh and cold in the north to continental and sufficiently dry in the south. There are noticeable differences in the climate of mountainous regions, Western and Eastern foothills. The climate of the pre-rally and the western slopes of the ROP for a number of signs close to the climate of the eastern regions of the Russian plain, and the climate of the eastern slopes of the ROP and Zauralya - to the continental climate of Western Siberia.
Crossed relief mountains causes a significant variety of local climates. Here there is a change in temperatures with a height, although not so significant as in the Caucasus. IN summer time Temperatures are lowered. For example, in the foothills of the Polar Urals average temperature July is 12 s, and at altitudes 1600 - 1800 m - only 3-4 "with. In winter, cold air is stared in intergigurgy basins and there are temperature inversion. As a result, the degree of continentality of the climate in the basins is much higher than on mountain ranges. Therefore Mountains of unequal height, slopes of various wind and solar exposure, mountain ranges and intermountain basins differ from each other with their climatic features.
Climatic features and orographic conditions contribute to the development in the polar and indoor urals, between 68 and 64 with S.Sh., small forms of modern glaciation. There are 143 glaciers here, and their total area is slightly more than 28 km2, which indicates the very small size of the glaciers. No wonder, speaking of the modern glaciation of the Urals, usually use the word "Ilnichi". Their main types are steam (2/3 of the total) and leaning (invalid). There are kirovoi and kirovo-valley. The largest of them are Igan glaciers (area of \u200b\u200b1.25 km2, length 1.8 km) and MSU (1.16 km2 area, length 2.2 km).
The distribution area of \u200b\u200bmodern glaciation is the highest part of the Urals with a wide development of ancient glaciers and circus, with the presence of trigger valleys and peak vertices. Relative heights reaches 800 - 1000 m. The alpine style of relief is most characteristic of the ridges lying to the west of waterproof, but the punctures and circus are located mainly on the eastern slopes of these ridges. On the same ridges, the greatest amount of precipitation falls, but due to the female transfer and avalanche snow coming from steep slopes, the snow accumulates in the negative forms of leeward slopes, providing modern weeds that exist due to this at the heights of 800 - 1200 m, t. e. below the climatic border.
WATER RESOURCES
The Urals rivers belong to the pools Pechors, Volga, Urals and Obi, i.e., respectively, Barents, the Caspian and Kara Seas. The magnitude of the river flow in the Urals is much larger than the adjacent Russian and West Siberian plains. Mountain relief, increase in precipitation, the decrease in the temperature in the mountains is favored by an increase in flow, so most rivers and rivers of the Urals are born in the mountains and flow along their slopes to the West and East, on the plains of the pre-Urals and Zauralye. In the north of the mountains are watershed between the river systems of Pechora and Obi, south - between the Tobol basins belonging to the Obi and Kama system - the largest tributary of the Volga. The extreme south of the territory belongs to the Ural River basin, and the watershed shifts to the plains of the Zauralye.
Snow (up to 70% of expense), rain (20-30%) and groundwater (usually not more than 20%) take part in the nutrition of rivers. Significantly increases (up to 40%) the participation of groundwater in the nutrition of rivers in karst areas. An important feature of most Ural Rivers is a relatively small variability of flow from year to year. The ratio of the drain of the most multi-year year to the drain of the most small-water usually ranges from 1.5 to 3.
Lakes in the Urals are spread very unevenly. Their largest number is concentrated in the eastern foothills of the Middle and South Urals, where they prevail tectonic lakes, in the mountains of the Supolar and Polar Urals, where the rigorous lakes are numerous. At the Zauralsky Plateau, suffosion-residue lakes are common, and Karst found in the offering. In total, the Urals are over 6,000 lakes, each area of \u200b\u200bmore than 1 RA, their total area is over 2000 km2. Lakes are prevailing small, large lakes are relatively small. Only some of the lakes of the Eastern Bloods have an area measured by dozens of square kilometers: Argazy (101 km2), Wildlows (71 km2), Irityash (70 km2), Turgoyak (27 km2), etc. In total, more than 60 large lakes in the river basin are concentrated. The area is about 800 km2. Everything large lakes Have a tectonic origin.
The most extensive lakes on the water mirror - Uvildy, Irtyash.
The deepest - Wildlows, Kisačac, Tourgoyak.
The most capacious - Wildlows and Tourgoyak.
SAMI pure water In Lakes, Turgoyak, Zyuratkul, Wildlids (white disc is visible at a depth of 19.5 m).
In addition to natural reservoirs, there are several thousand reservoir ponds in the Urals, including more than 200 factory ponds, some of which have been preserved from Petrovsky times.
Great value water resources River and lakes of the Urals primarily as a source of industrial and domestic water supply of numerous cities. A lot of water consumes the Ural industry, especially metallurgical and chemical, therefore, despite the seemingly enough water, it lacks it in the Urals. A particularly acute shortage of water is observed in the eastern foothills of the Middle and Southern Urals, where water water flowing from the mountains is small.
Most of the Urals rivers are suitable for a forest, but very few are used for shipping. Partially shipping Belaya, Ufa, Vishera, Tobol, and in high water - Tavda and Sospeva and Lozwa and the tour. The Ural Rivers are of interest as a source of hydropower for the construction of small hydropower plants on mountain rivers, but not yet used. Rivers and lakes are excellent places of rest.
Minerals of the Ural Mountains
Among the natural resources of the Urals, the prominent role belongs to certainly the wealth of its subsoil. Major raw materials are essential among minerals, however, many of them have been opened for a long time and are exploited for a long time, therefore, they are largely exhausted.
Ural ores are often complex. In iron ores there are impurities of titanium, nickel, chromium, vanadium; In copper - zinc, gold, silver. Most ore deposits are located on the eastern slope and in Zauralie, where the magmatic breed is replete.
Urals are primarily an extensive iron ore and copper province. More than a hundred deposits are known: iron ore (high mountains, grace, magnetic; Bakalskoe, Zegazinskoye, Avziang, Alapaevskoe IDR.) And Titano-Magnetite (Kusinskoye, Pervouralsk, Kachkanar). Numerous deposits of copper-porridge and copper-zinc ores (Karabash, Sibayski, Guyskoye, Striking, Blyava, etc.). From other non-ferrous and rare metals, there are large deposits of chromium (Saranovskoye, Kempirskoye), nickel and cobalt (Verkhnefalese, Orsko-Khalilovsky), Bauxites (group of deposits "Red Cap"), midnight deposit of manganese ores, etc.
Here are very numerous marginal and indigenous deposits of precious metals: gold (Berezovskoye, Nevyanskoye, Kochkarskoye, etc.), platinum (Nizhny Tagil, Sysert, Zaozernoye, etc.), silver. The gold deposits in the Urals are developed from the XVIII century.
From the non-metallic fossils of the Urals, deposits of potash, magnesium and cook salts (Verkhnekamskoye, Solikamsk, Solo-Iletsk), coal (Vorkutinsky, Kizelovsky, Chelyabinsk, South Ural pools), oil (Ishimbay) are distinguished. Also known here are the Asbesta deposits, Talca, Magnesit, placer diamonds. In the deflection of the Western Slope of the Ural Mountains, useful minerals of sedimentary origin are concentrated - oil (Bashkortostan, Perm region), Natural gas (Orenburg region).
Mining minerals are accompanied by fragmentation of rocks and the pollution of the atmosphere. Extracted from the depths of the breed, falling into the oxidation zone, enter various chemical reactions with atmospheric air and water. Chemical reaction products enroll in the atmosphere and in the reservoirs, polluting them. Black and non-ferrous metallurgy, the chemical industry and other production are contributed to pollution of atmospheric air and reservoirs, so the state of the environment in industrial areas of the Urals is concerned. Urals is the undoubted "leader" among the regions of Russia for environmental pollution.
GEMS
The term "precious stones" can be used extremely wide, but experts prefer a clear classification. Science of precious stones divides them into two types: organic and inorganic origin.
Organic: Stones are created by animals or plants, for example, amber is a petrified wood resin, and pearls ripens in mollusc shells. As examples, you can also bring the coral, gagat and turtle shells. The bones and teeth of the earth and marine animals were treated and used as a material for the manufacture of brooches, necklaces and figurines.
Inorganic: strong minerals of natural origin with a constant chemical structure. Most precious stones are inorganic, but of thousands of minerals extracted from the depths of our planet, only about twenty awarded high title " gemstone"- for their rarity, beauty, durability and durability.
Most precious stones are found in nature in the form of crystals or their fragments. To get closer to get acquainted with crystals, it is enough to pour a little salt or sugar onto a sheet of paper and look at them in a magnifying glass. Each tip of salt will have a look of a small cube, and a sugar grain - a view of a miniature plate with sharp edges. If the crystals are perfect, all their faces are flat and sparkled with reflected light. These are typical crystalline forms of these substances, and the salt is indeed a mineral, and sugar refers to substances of plant origin.
The face of crystals form almost all minerals, if in nature they had the opportunity to grow in favorable conditions, and in many cases, acquiring precious stones in the form of raw materials, you can see these faces partially or completely. The face of crystals is not a random game of nature. They appear only when the internal arrangement of atoms has a certain order, and provide greater information about the geometry of this location.
Differences in the order of atoms inside the crystals determine many differences in their properties, including those such as color, hardness, ease of cleavage and others that the lover must take into account when processing stones.
According to the classification of A. E. Fesman and M. Bauer, the precious stones groups are divided into orders or classes (I, II, III), depending on the relative value of the stones united in them.
Precious Stones I Order: Almaz, Sapphire, Ruby, Emerald, Alexandrite, Chrysoberill, Noble Spinel, Euclaz. These include pearls - a gem of organic origin. Highly appreciate clean, transparent, smooth thick tone stones. Bad painted, muddy, with cracks, etc. The lack of stones of this order can be appreciated below the gems of the order II.
Precious Stones II Order: Topaz, Beryl (Aquamarine, Sparrobyevit, Heliodor), Pink Tourmaline (Rubellit), Penakit, Demantidoid (Ural Chrysolit), Amethyst, Almanandin, Pillow, Uvarovit, Chromdiopsid, Zircon (Hyacinth, Yellow and Green Zircon), Noble opal. With exceptional beauty of tone, transparency and magnitude, the listed stones are sometimes valued along with the precious stones of the first order.
Precious Stones III Order: Turquoise, Green and Polychromic Tourmalines, Cordieritis, Spaceman (Kuncite), Dioptases, Epidot, Rhinestone, Smoky Quartz (Rauchtopaz), Bright Amethyst, Chernelic, Heliotrope, Chrysoprase, Semi-Falcon, Agat, Field Plugs (Sunny Stone , Lunar Stone), Sodalit, Predit, Andalusite, Diopsyda, Hematite (Body), Pyrite, Rutyle, Amber, Gagat. Only rare species and instances have a high cost. Many of them for use and values \u200b\u200bare so-called semi-precious.
The Ural has long been hit by researchers abundance of minerals and its main wealth - mineral resources. What is not only in the underground storage houses of the Urals! The extraordinary magnitude of hex crystals of mountain crystal, amazing amethysts, rubies, sapphires, topases, wonderful jashers, red tourmaline, beauty and the pride of the Urals are green emerald that is valued several times more precious than gold.
The most "mineral" place in the region is Ilmen, where more than 260 minerals and 70 rocks have been found. About 20 minerals are open here for the first time in the world. Ilmen Mountains is a real mineralogical museum. There are such precious stones like: sapphire, ruby, diamond, etc., semi-precious stones: amazonite, hyacinth, amethyst, opal, topaz, granite, malachite, corundum, jasper, sunny, lunar and arabic stone, mountain crystal and t ..
Rhinestone, colorless, transparent, is usually chemically clean, almost without impurities, a variety of low-temperature modification of quartz - SiO2, crystallizing in a trigonal system with hardness 7 and a density of 2.65 g / cm3. The word "crystal" itself comes from the Greek word "Crystalos", which means "ice". Scientists of antiquities, starting with Aristotle and including the famous Plå, were convinced that "the old alpine winter ice turns into a stone. The sun is not able to melt such a stone ...". And not only an appearance, but also the ability to always remain cool contributed to the fact that this opinion was lasted in science until the end of the 18th century, when a physicist Robert Boyle proved that ice and crystal - substances are completely different, measuring the proportion of both. The inner structure of the mining crystal is often complicated by twin fixings, significantly worsening its piezoelectric homogeneity. Large clean single crystals are rare, mainly in voids and cracks of metamorphic shale, in voids of hydrothermal veins of various types, as well as in chamber pegmatites. Uniform transparent single crystals are the most valuable technical raw materials for optical devices (prisms of spectrographs, lenses for ultraviolet optics, etc.) and piezoelectric products in electrical and radio engineering.
Mountain crystal is also used for the manufacture of quartz glass (raw materials of lower grades), in artistic stone art and for jewelry. The mountain crystal deposits in Russia are focused mainly in the Urals. The name of the emerald comes from the Greek Smared or green stone. In ancient Russia is known called Smaragd. Emerald occupies a privileged place among precious stones, it is known from ancient times and used both as an ornament and when the religious rites are sent.
Emerald is a variety of beryl - aluminum and beryllium silicate. Emerald crystals belong to Hexagonal Singonia. The emerald is obliged by chromium ions, intention of aluminum ions in a crystal lattice. This gem is rarely found in the form of flawless crystals, as a rule, the emerald crystals are very damaged. It is known and appreciated with antiquity, used to insert into the most expensive decorations, is usually treated with a stepped cut, one of which is called emerald.
There are quite a few very large emeralds that have received individual names and preserved in pristine form, although the largest of the well-known weighing 28200 g, or 141,000 carats found in Brazil in 1974, as well as found in South Africa weighing 4800 g "or 24,000 carats, were Silent and cut to insert into jewelry.
In the ancient times, the emeralds were mined, mainly in Egypt, on Cleopatra's socks. Precious stones from this mine settled in the treasures of the richest rulers ancient Mira. It is believed that the emeralds adored the Queen of Sava. There is also a legend that the emperor Nero through the emerald lenses watched the battles of gladiators.
Emeralds are significantly better quality than stones from Egypt, were found in dark saliva shales along with other beryllium minerals - chrysoberyl and a fenakit on the eastern slope of the Urals near the current river, approximately 80 km east of Yekaterinburg. The deposit accidentally found a peasant in 1830, noting several green stones among the roots of the sovereign tree. Emerald is one of the stones associated with the Higher Defense. It is believed that he brings happiness only a pure, but illiterate man. The ancient Arabs believed that the man who was wearing emerald does not see terrible dreams. In addition, the stone strengthens the heart, eliminates the troubles favorably affecting vision, protects against seizures and evil spirits.
In antiquity, Emerald was considered the mighty talisman mothers and navigators. If the stone is for a long time to look at, then in it, as in the mirror, you can see all the secret and detect the future. This stone is attributed to the connection with the subconscious, the ability to turn the dreams into the Press, to penetrate secret thoughts, it was used as a means from the bites of poisonous snakes. He was called the "stone of mysterious Isis" - the goddesses of life and health, patroness fertility and motherhood. He performed a symbol of the beauty of nature. Special guarding properties of Emerald - active struggle with falseness and infidelity of its owner. If the stone can not resist the bad qualities, it can split.
Diamond - mineral, native element occurs in the form of eight and twelve-marched crystals (often with rounded edges) and their parts. Diamond is found not only in the form of crystals, it forms a fragrance and aggregates, among which distinguish: BORT - fine-grained serenities, ballas - spherical aggregates, carbonado - very fine-grained black units. The name of the diamond comes from the Greek "Adamas" or inextricable, uncomplicable. The extraordinary properties of this stone spawned a mass of legends. The ability to bring good luck is only one of the countless properties attributed to diamond. Diamond has always been considered a stone of the winners, he was a talisman Julia Caesar, Louis IV and Napoleon. For the first time, diamonds fell into Europe in 5-6 centuries BC. At the same time, its popularity as a precious stone Almaz received relatively recently, only five hundred and a half years ago, when people learned to the harm. The first selection of diamond possessed Karl brave, just adored diamonds.
Today, classic diamond cut has 57 faces, and provides the famous "game" of the diamond. Usually blunder or painted in pale shades of yellow, brown, gray, green, pink, extremely rarely black. Brightly colored transparent crystals are considered unique, they receive individual names and are described in very detail. Diamond is similar to many colorless minerals - quartz, topaz, zircon, which are often used as its imitation. It is characterized by hardness - this is the hardest of natural materials (on the MOOS scale), optical properties, transparency for X-rays, luminosity in x-ray, cathode, ultraviolet rays.
Rubin received its name from Latin Rubeus or red. Ancient Russian names of stone - Yahont and Carbuncoon. Rubins coloring varies from deep pink color to thick red with a purple tint. The strings of the color of "pigeon blood" are most high among rubies.
Ruby is a transparent variety of corundum mineral, aluminum oxide. Color Ruby red, bright red, dark red or purple red. Hardness ruby \u200b\u200b9, glitter glass.
The first information about these beautiful stones belong to the IV century BC and are found in the Indian and Burmese chronicles. In the Roman Empire, Ruby was extremely read, and was valued much higher than the diamond. In different years, Cleopatra, Mesalin and Maria Stewart became connoisseurs of Rubins, and Ruby Collections of Cardinal Richelieu and Mary Medici, at one time were famous for the whole of Europe.
Rubin is recommended for paralysis, diseases of anemia, inflammation, fractures and pains in the joints and bone tissues, asthma, weakness of cardiac activity, rheumatar, inflammation of the inflammation bag, inflammation of the middle ear, with chronic depression, insomnia, arthritis, spine disease, chronic inflammation of almonds, rheumatism. Ruby reduces blood pressure and contributes to the cure of psoriasis. It helps when the nervous system is depleted, relieves night fears, helps with epilepsy. It has a tonic effect.
Vegetable and animal world of the Urals
The vegetable and animal world of the Urals is diverse, but has a lot in common with the animal world of neighboring plains. but mountain Relief Increases this diversity, causing the appearance in the Urals high-altitude belts And creating the differences between the Eastern and Western slopes.
A great influence on the vegetation of the Urals was an oscale. Before the glaciation in the Urals, a more thermal-loving flora has grown up: oak, beech, rabb, lion. The remains of this flora are preserved only on the western slope of the Southern Urals. With the promotion of the south, the high-rise explanation of the Urals is complicated. Gradually, the boundaries of the belts rise more and above the slopes, and in the lower part of them, a new belt appears in the more southern zone.
The south of the polar circle in the forests larch prevails. As it moves to the south, it gradually rises through the slopes of the mountains, forming the top border of the forest belt. Eliminer is joined by spruce, cedar, birch. Pine and fir is found at the Mountain People's Mountain. These forests are located mainly on podzolic soils. In the grassy cover of these forests a lot of blueberries.
The fauna of the Ural Taiga is much richer tundra fauna. Elk live, wolverine, sable, squirrel, chipmunk, speakers, flying, brown bear, reindeer, ermine, caress. On river valleys there are widers and beaver. New valuable animals are sequented in the Urals. In the Ilmensky Reserve successfully carried out acclimatization of spotted deer, Ondatra, Beaver, Maral, Dummy, Retal Dog, American Mink, Barguzinsky Sable were also reset.
In the Urals on difference in altitudes, climatic conditions, several parts are distinguished:
Polar Ural. Mountain tundra is a harsh picture of stone placers - Kurumov, rocks and remains. Plants do not create solid cover. On the tundra-gley soils are growing lichens, perennial herbs, sharpening shrubs. Animal world Posted by sand, lemming, White owl. Reindeer, hare of white, white partridge, wolf, ermine, caressing inhabit and in the tundra, and in the forest zone.
The Solid Urals is characterized by the highest heights of the ridges. Traces of ancient glaciation are visible here more clearly than in the Polar Urals. On the ridges of the mountains - the stone seas and the mountain tundra, which is below the slopes, is replaced by mountain taiga. The southern border of the Supolar Ural coincides with 640 S.Sh. On the western slope of the indoor Urals and the adjacent areas of the Northern Urals, natural national Park.
Northern Ural does not have modern glaciers; It is dominated by the average mountains, the slopes of the mountains are covered by Taiga.
The middle Ural is presented with a dark taiga, which in the south is replaced by mixed forests, in the southwest - linden arrays. Middle Urals - the kingdom of mountain taiga. It is covered with darkened spruce-fir-fir forests. Below 500 - 300 meters are replaced by larch and pine, in the undergrowth of which rowan, cherry, viburnum, elderberry, honeysuckle are growing.
Natural Unica Urals
Ilmensky ridge. The highest height of 748 meters, he is unique in the wealth of his subsoil. Among nearly 200, there are rare and rare, not discovered anywhere in the world. For their protection, in 1920, a mineralogical reserve was created here. From 1935 This reserve became comprehensive, now all nature is protected in the Ilmensky Reserve.
Kungur Ice Cave - Great Creation of Nature. This is one of our largest caves of our country. It is located on the outskirts of the small industrial city of Kungur, on the right bank of the Sylvy River, in the depths of stone romance - icy mountains. The cave has four tiers of strokes. It was formed in the thickness of rocks as a result of the activities of groundwater, soluble and made gypsum and anhydrites. The total length of all surveyed 58 grots and transitions between them exceeds 5 km.
Environmental problems: 1) The Ural environmental pollution is leading (48% - mercury emissions, 40% - chlorine compounds). 2) Of the 37 cities-pollutants of Russia 11 are in the Urals. 3) Around 20 cities formed technogenic deserts. 4) 1/3 rivers are devoid of biological life. 5) 1 billion tons of rocks are extracted annually, of which 80% goes to the dump. 6) Special Danger - Radiation Pollution (Chelyabinsk-65 - Plutonium Production).
Conclusion
Mountains - the world is mysterious and still little bad, uniquely beautiful and full of dangeries. Where else can in a few hours get from the wasting summer of the desert in the harsh winter of the snow, hear the crash of a mad roaring stream under the hanging cliffs in a gloomy gorge, which never looks at the sun. Pictures flashing outside the window of the car or car will never be allowed to feel in full of this formidable magnificence ...
Weekly tour, one-day hiking and excursions in combination with com forte (tracking) in the mountain resort Hajokh (Adygea, Krasnodar Territory). Tourists live on the turbase and attend numerous monuments of nature. RFABGO waterfalls, Lago-Naki Plateau, Mesh Gorge, Great Asian Cave, River Canyon, White, Guam Gorge.
The highest mountain in the Urals - Narodnaya - the brightest gem in the natural crown of Russia. This vertex is now attracted thousands of travelers from Russia and Europe.
In addition to the folk, in the Ural mining system there are several majestic peaks, each of which has unique, these mother-nature features.
The following rows describes in detail about the geography of the Urals and its vertices, which should be asked, a description and photo is given, the history of their opening and names, features of the routes of tourist hiking and equipment, which is necessary for the conquest of vertices are told.
In contact with
Geography of the Ural Gor.
The East European and West Siberian Plains are notable for the fact that it is between them the Ural mountain system is located. It crosses Russia from north to south about 60 Eastern longitude.
Geographers allocate 5 zones of the Ural system:
- Polar Ural- It takes the north of the mining system. Administratively divided between the Republic of Komi and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. It is characterized by low pass and deep valleys, which are transversely dismembered by the ridges.
Polar Ural is the mountainous region in the north of Eurasia, in Russia, the northernmost part. The Northern Border of the Region is the mountain of Konstantinov Stone, and from the Supilla Urals district separates the river Hulger
- Porcelary Urals- perhaps the highest part Systems. From the south, there is a mountain Telposis, with North-River Lyapin. Glaciers in this zone are a common phenomenon. Part of the area of \u200b\u200bthe zone is included in the Yighd VA National Park.
The Supilar Urals is a mountain system in Russia, extending from the origins of the Lyapin River (Hulger) in the north (65º 40 's. Sh.) To the Mount Telposis ("Nest of the Winds", height is about 1617 m) in the south (64º s. Sh.) .
- Northern Ural- Zone, limited by the Mountain Telposis in the North and Kozvinsky Stone in the south. The Ural ridge in the area of \u200b\u200bthe zone is divided into several parallel ridges. The total width of the system in the region is 50-60 km.
Northern Urals, part of the Urals from the Schever River in the north to the Mountain of Osl, in the south. Length about 550 km. Height up to 1617 m (Telposy). Characterized by flattened vertices, dismembered relief. On the slopes - Taiga forests, above - Mountain tundra and rocky placer
- Central or Mid Urals - The lowest part of the mining system. It takes 6 ridges. Their widths along with foothills reaches 90 km. River valleys on the Middle Urals are wide enough. On the eastern slopes of the zone there are karst form of relief: funnels, basins, wells.
Middle Urals - the lowest part of the Ural Mountains, limited by the breadth of Konzhakinsky stone in the north and mountains of Jurma in the south
- Southern Urals - The biggest (250 km) and the southern zone of the Ural Mountains. The Southern Urals is limited to the Mount of Jurma and the Grocery of Muurgary. Administratively located in the territory of the Russian Federation and. It is characterized by the dismemberment of ridges by deep decrees and valleys.
Southern Urals - South and the most wider part of the Ural Mountains, stretching from the Ufa River (in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Lower Ufali) to the Ural River. From the West and East South Urals limited to the Eastern European and West Siberian plains
Yamantau
Yamantau is the highest scene of the South Urals (1640 m). Vinds at Mount 2: Big Yamantau and Small Yamantau. Peak was known to migrants from Russia from the XVII century. It was first described by P.I. Rychkov in 1762 in his book "Topography Orenburg". Ascension to the mountain pass through its Western or northern slopes, through the villages of roar or sinn.
View of Yamantau from the southern slope of Mount Kianutau
To see Yamantau, you need to go to the train from Ufa, Nizhnevartovsk, Adler or Moscow to Beloretsk. From there by bus or long-distance taxi, you need to get to the Tatla or Couslega settlements, which are located at the foot of the mountain.
Note: To climb to Yamantau, you do not need to apply climbing equipment. But to take alpenshtoks, wear helks, trekking boots, knee pads and elbows do not hurt.
Telposis
The telposise is an array that consists of two vertices (H \u003d 1617 m) is located on the border of the Northern and Supolar Urals. This mountain is called differently. The main name translated from the Komi language means "the mountain of the nest of the winds". There is still a Nenets "NE-HEHE" translated as "Mountain Baba". The last name on the legend was given due to the fact that a woman who has renoving his husband has been facing an idol on one of the vertices.
Telposise (1617 m) - highest top Northern Urals. Located near the conditional border of the Northern and Supolar Urals on the left bank of the Schugol River. District Telposise is known for the predominance of bad weather
According to some historians, he opened the mountain Semen Kurbsky. But the studies of the natural object began only at the end of the last century, when a gas pipeline was laid near it. Popular routes for tourists must include a visit to the South Glacier, Lake Telpos and River Alloy from the Schugor River.
The foot of the telposise is not populated. The nearest village - Kyrt is removed from it by 75 km. Getting to the mountain is best, first reaching Syktyvkar and from there from Doltev to Vuktyla. From the last specified city, you can order a car for racing to the foot of the mountain or at least in Kyrt.
Good to know: Telposise is simple to conquer the top. In the summer, the group of unprepared tourists, "armed" alpenshtokami take it to it. Only for the winter hike, special equipment in the form of snow windows is required.
Oslyaka
Oslka - the highest peak of the Middle Urals (1119 m). Its name translated from Starussky means a "river grinding stone" or "log." Mountain was known since the XVII century. Complex studies of the peaks were held in 1940 by the Ural Expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. At the same time, a rhinestone was discovered on the Osh.
The Range of Oslka is located in the east of the Kizelian district of the Perm Territory, west of the main waterproof ridge of the Urals. Oslaya is an elongated mountain range from north to south. 16 km long
Routes that offer to pass tourist organizations pass through the villages of Assumption and a big donkey. They provide dinners, batch at the fire and visiting the bath.
The nearest city of Kizel is 50 km from her. You can reach it by bus or train through. From this city to the foots of the mountain road do not lead. To get closer to the top as close as possible, you need to negotiate the abandment in advance with drivers of SUVs from Kisela.
Do you know that: The climbing on the Oshka does not require any climbing equipment.
Pyer.
Payer is the highest point of the Polar Ural (H \u003d 1499 m). Payer was discovered and applied to the map in 1847 by the expedition of the Russian geographical society.
Payer, the highest vertex of the Polar Urals. Folded by quartzites, shale and erupted rocks. There are snowballs
Interesting fact: According to the head of the campaign - Ernst Hoffman, the name of the mountain in the language of the Nenets means "Vladyka Mountains."
Near the mountain several streams flows, which fall into amazingly beautiful lakes. Most tourist groups Put the routes by these reservoirs, as the smooth sites near them are great for parking.
You can only come to Paery by the car of increased passability from the village of Yeletsky in the Komi Republic. Local residents Waitally bring tourists to the mountain for a small fee. Before railway station In Yeletsk, trains from Labytnangi, Vorkuta and Moscow.
Climbing the benefit is better to perform in the last month of summer. A hike need to take insurance systems, climbing ropes, zhumars and other items necessary to overcome small (up to 6 meters) vertical lifts.
Popular - opening history and description
People's - the highest peak of the Urals (1895 m). It does not stand out against the rest of the rest. ural vertices. It is distinguished by the presence of a bowl-shaped deepening with small lakes, glaciers and snowfields.
Coordinates of the highest point of the Urals 65 ° 02 'S.Sh., 60 ° 07' V.D.
Mount People - the highest point of everything Ural Rorse.. On the mountain there are winter skills, glaciers. On the northeast slope there is a "blue lake", a high-rooted reservoir, a purest water pool at a kilometer height above sea level. From the north-east and south-west rise will be particularly difficult, there are a large number of rock formations and canopies
People was opened in 1846 A. Rogeli, surveyed in 1927 by Geolog Aleshkov. From him peak got its name. On the maps, the top was tested under the name of poem Urr.
It's important to know: Ascension to the mountain is carried out by its northern, gentle slope. They pass through the car-car pass with overnight stay near mountain Lake. Before going around, you need to register with the administration of the National Park "Yugyd-Ba". Application for climbing must be submitted at least 10 days before arriving to the foot of the people.
How to get
To get to the folk, you need to get to the station Inta-1 on the trains, which follow to Vorkuta or Labytnangi. After you need to get to the car to get to the base for the extraction of quartz "desired".
General view of the base. The base "desired" is designed for rudproofing. Mine employees live here. Get quartz. On the basis you can remove the room for 500 rubles per person per day
From this point should go to the mountain on foot 15-18 km along the River Balabana.
What to take gear
For hiking, you do not need to rent climbing equipment, but it is advisable to wear trekking boots, elbows, knee pads and a helmet.
Equipment of a novice climber: Carabins with a coupling - 5 pieces, a strapping, self-insurance mustache, a safety device, 2 prush, a device for lifting on a rope - Jumar, a backpack for 60-80 liters, a sleeping bag, carimat, mountain boots, cats, ice ax, helmet , telescopic sticks, lanterns headlamp.
In the absence of tourist experience it is worth taking the conductor.
Minerals of the Ural Mountains
Urals - an inexhaustible storehouse of natural wealth. It develops and 48 types of minerals are developed. Of these, the most important for the industry of Russia are medical and skarn-magnetite ores, bauxites, potash salts, gas, oil, coal. Also, the Urals are saturated with minerals. More than 200 species of natural precious and semi-precious stones were found in the mountains, which are used in various industries and when finishing various buildings.
The Ural Mountains are striking the wealth of their subsoil. "Underground storehouse". The main wealth of the Urals - ore
Take note: From Jasper and Malachite, mined in the Urals, made of Hermitage bowls and the altar of the temple of the rescue of blood.
Conclusion
Each of the Ural zones have unique and beautiful mountains. You can climb to most of them without having special training. Travel firms, clubs and centers regularly conduct group trips to the Ural peaks.
The Ural Alpine Club invites you to participate in the summer-autumn charges for the preparation of climbers in the gorge "Dugoba"
Some companies organize bicycles, quad bikes, horses. Pedestrian expeditions are delivered to the foot of the mountains on high-pass vehicles.
Participation in climbing any of the Ural vertices - the best opportunity For meeting the biggest mining system Russia. Small Ural stones brought from travel will become excellent gifts for friends and loved ones.
See the video in which climbers and geologists tell about the highest mountain in the Urals - folk:
The Ural Mountains are located in Russia and Kazakhstan and are a unique geographical object separating the mainland of Eurasia into two parts.
The direction and length of the Ural Mountains.
The length of the Ural mountains is more than 2500 km, they originate from the shoresThe Arctic Ocean and end in the sultry deserts of Kazakhstan. Due to the fact that the Mountains of the Urals cross the territory of Russia from north to south, they pass on five geographical zones. They include expanses of Orenburg, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Aktobe, Tyumen and Kustanai regions, as well as the territory of the Perm Territory, the Republic of Komi and Bashkortostan.
Minerals of the Ural Mountains.
In the depths of the Urals are hidden unmeasant wealth, known to the whole world. This is both the famous malachite, and stones of gems, colorfully described by the Bazhov in his fairy tales, asbestos, platinum, gold and other minerals.
Nature of the Ural Mountains.
Slanged this edge of its incredible beauty of nature. Here come to look at amazing mountains, plunge into transparent waters of numerous lakes, go down to the caves or make an alloy on the stormy rivers of the Ural Mountains. You can travel on colorful places as measuring the expanses of the Urals with steps with a backpack behind the shoulders and in comfortable conditions. excursion bus or your car.
Ural Mountains in the Sverdlovsk Region.
The beauty of these mountains is best visible. natural parks and reserves. OK B. Sverdlovsk Oblast, certainly you need to visit "deer streams." Tourists come here to see the pictures of an ancient person on the surface of the rocks of the Scripture, visit the caves and descend into a big failure, surprised by the strength of the river, who pierced the path in the blurred stone. Special trails are laid for visitors to the park, arranged viewing platforms, Rope crossings and seats.
Park "Bazhov places".
There is a natural park "Bazhov places" in the Urals, in the territory of which you can make hiking, riding and cycling. Specially designed routes allow you to inspect the picturesque landscapes, visit the lake Talkov Stone and climb the mountain brands. In winter, here you can travel on snowmobiles, and in the summer descend on mountain rivers on kayaks or kayaks.
Rezhevsky reserve.
For connoisseurs of natural beauty of self-auction stones, it is necessary to visit the reserve of the Ural Mountains "Rezhevskaya", which includes several unique fields of diverse, precious and semi-precious stones. Make a journey in places of production is possible only accompanied by an employee of the reserve. On its territory, the River Rem, formed by the merger of the rivers and a large SAP flows. These rivers take their origin in the Ural Mountains. On the right bank of the river, the famous Shaitan stone rises. Local residents consider it a container of mystical power.
Ural caves.
Extreme tourism lovers will be happy to visit the numerous caves of the Urals. The most famous Kungur Ice and Shulgan-Tash (Capov). Cungur Ice Cave extended 5.7 km, although only 1.5 km from them are available for tourists. There are about 50 grots on its territory, more than 60 lakes and many stalactites and stalagmites from ice. It always holds a minus temperature, so it is necessary to dress accordingly for her visiting. To enhance the visual effect, a special backlight is used in the cave.
In the cave Capov, scientists discovered rock paintings with which more than 14 thousand years. In total, about 200 works of the ancient artists were found on her expanses. In addition, you can visit numerous rooms, grots and galleries located on three levels, admire underground lakes, in one of which the inattentive visitor risks swim at the entrance.
Some attractions of the Ural Mountains are better to visit in the winter. One of these places is in National Park Zyuratkul. This is an ice fountain, which has arisen due to geologists, dribbing a well in this place in this place. Now the groundwater fountain beats from it. In winter, it turns into an icicle of a bizarre form, reaching in a height of 14 m.
Thermal sources of the Urals.
It is rich in the Urals and thermal sources, therefore, to go through the healing procedures, there is no need to fly abroad, it is enough to come to Tyumen. Local thermal sources We are rich in microelements, useful for human health, and the water temperature in the source ranges from +36 to +45 0 С, regardless of the time of year. The recreation centers are built on these waters.
Ust-pitch, Perm.
Not far from Perm is located health complex Ust-Kachka, unique in its composition mineral Water.. In summer, you can ride on catamarans or boats. In winter, holidaymakers are provided ski highways, ice rollers and slides.
Waterfalls of the Urals.
For the Urals, the waterfalls are not common, the more interesting to visit such a natural miracle. One of them is a Waterfall of Plakun, located on the Right Bank of the Sylava River. Freshwater is lowered from a height of more than 7 m. Locals and visitors consider this source holy and gave him the name Ilinsky.
There is under Yekaterinburg and a man-made waterfall, called the roar of the Water "Crane". Its water falls down from a height of more than 5 m. Hot summer day is nice to stand under his jets, cooling and getting free hydromassage.
IN Perm Territory located unique place, called a stone city. Such a name was given to him tourists, although among the local population, this miracle of nature is called "damn fortification." Stones in this complex are located in such a way that it creates the illusion of the present city with streets, squares and avenues. By its labyrinths you can walk for hours, and newcomers can even get lost. Each stone has its name given for similarity with some animal. Some tourists climb on the tops of the stones to see the beauty of the green surrounding the city.
Ranges and rocks of the Ural Mountains.
Many cliffs of the Ural Range also have their own names, for example, a bear stone, resembling from afar, sorry the bear, flashed among the green of the trees. Stometer drip climbing climbing is used for their workouts. Unfortunately, it gradually collapses. In the rock, archaeologists discovered the grotto in which there were parking ancient people.
Not far from Yekaterinburg in the Vishimsky Reserve there is a rock outlet. Attentive eye immediately looks like a man's outlines, whose head is covered with a cap. He is called old man stone. If climbing on his top, you can admire the panorama of Nizhny Tagil.
Lake Urals.
Among the numerous lakes of the Ural mountains there is one, not inferior to Baikal. This is a turgoyak lake, fueled by radon sources. In the composition of water, there are almost no mineral salts. Soft water has healing properties. People come here to fix health from all over Russia.
If you appreciate the virgin, untouched civilization the beauty of mountain landscapes, come to the Urals, to the Ural Mountains: This area will definitely give you a part of your amazing atmosphere.
