Natural monuments Crimea list. Geography Presentation Geological Monuments Crimea

Geological monuments are territories with picturesque and bizarre relief, geological outcrops, the locations of the fossils of the ancient flora and fauna, unusual form of relief.

Geological monuments are among the most interesting natural objects. Usually places where they are, very picturesque. In addition to delivering aesthetic pleasure from contemplation of beauty wildlife, geological monuments They have great cognitive importance and can be interesting both specialist and any person who wants to expand their horizons.

Geological monuments of Crimea

Crimea has significant travel resources. The most visited integrated geological monuments of the nature of the Crimea is especially popular among tourists.

Some of them are unique natural phenomena With original morphology and geological and lithological features and are of considerable interest for the development of scientific and educational tourism. A variety of geological landscape and aesthetic natural objects for sports and educational tourism.

Crimea is called a geological museum under open sky. Its nature is replete with geological objects in a unique and unique combination of chronostulatigological, mineral and petrographic, tectonic, geomorphological, paleontological and paleogeographic facilities.

In the Directory "Geological Monuments of Ukraine" from 716 names of monuments located on the territory of Ukraine, the Crimea accounts for 126, i.e. 17.5%. In Crimea, the scientific and informative importance of geological monuments of nature is especially increasing due to their sharedness and visibility. The uniqueness of these objects, the saturation of the territory of the Peninsula makes the Crimea with an unsurpassed region in its importance for the activities of scientists.

It was in the Crimea that they conducted their research and reached the vertices of science such scientists as Fersman, Andrusov, Obruchev, Shcherbakov, Golovkovsky and others.

Geological monuments are valuable not only for science. Most of them are interesting and attractive excursion and tourist objects. Due to its easy accessibility, these objects can be "alive" visual benefits first of all for schoolchildren, causing them for genuine interest not only to the monuments themselves, but also to geology, geography and local history as the sciences in general.

Most of the geological monuments of the nature of the Crimea create a specific picturesque appearance of the peninsula, so attractive for tourists. In Crimea, thousands of students of geological, geographical and biological specialties come to the field practices annually. Geological monuments are separate point natural objects, which are fragments of the earth's crust, in which the valuable geological and geomorphological information of the past epochs are fixed or the dynamics of modern geological and geomorphological processes is clearly expressed. The concept of "spot natural object"Stresses the limited size of the natural attractions allocated as a geological monument. The geosphammer area is usually 2 hectares.

All-growing process economic activity Negatively affects the natural setting of the peninsula, putting vegetable and animal worldLandscapes.

In this regard, environmental protection activities have intensified, environmental activities are being introduced, environmental trails are being created, reserved areas, reserves, natural monuments etc. The environmental regime is installed for a geological environment as an integral part of the natural system. At various times, it was repeatedly attempts to allocate landscaped monuments, identifying their scientific and environmental status, classification based on their systematic coodes, genesis and scientific significance.

Geological and Stratigraphic Monuments of Crimea

Main article: Stratigraphic monuments of Crimea

Geological and stratigraphic monuments are based on stratigraphic data, determined by the sequence of layers in a vertical section, as well as by the facial and formational relationships. The main unit is the tier stratifier, attachment, suites, submissions, layers with fauna. These should include the outcrops and their elements, parts of the cuts, the position of stratigraphic boundaries. Previously proposed as independent chronological monuments, apparently, have no reason to be accepted because they do not have a material basis and are derived based on stratigraphic and paleontological data.

Geomorphological monuments of Crimea

Geomorphological monuments combine all the variety of relief forms arising from the complex interaction of endogenous and exogenous processes. The main criteria are morphological and genetic. A set of signs is very diverse. Here may be included:

Erosion forms - characteristic areas of river valleys, canyons, gorges, tested;
Structural and deduction forms - individual cliffs, mountains-witnesses, sphinxes, weathered weathering, individual morphologically distinguished vertices, differing from the original outlines;
Karst forms - caves, mines, wells, failures;
Abrasion forms - coastal rocks that are outstanding in the sea Characteristics, picturesque coastal rocks, bays;
Gravitational form of relief - rock cliffs, mountain-shed mountains, ribs, stone chaos, landslides, scree.

Geological and tectonic monuments of Crimea

Main article: Tectonic monuments of Crimea

Geological and tectonic monuments, genetically connected with geodynamic processes in the earth's crust, expressed by Plikal (folded) and disjunctive (discontinuous) forms of tectogenesis. They can be represented by separate folds or folds system, reliefly released in the outcrops on the slopes of mountain raising; discharge, absorb, overall and shift structures. A distinctive feature is reproduced by dedudation plane of shifters with sliding mirrors located on them. The elements of paleogeodynamics are headwards, tectonic covers, melange, gravitational and tectonic olistrostromes, chaotic complexes. The composition of the tectonic monuments includes forms of volcanic tectogenesis - Love streams, Sille, as well as forms associated with breaks in the earth's crust, rods, laccolites and other forms of effusion and intrusion volcanism.

Geological and Paleogeographic Monuments of Crimea

Geological-Paleogeographic monuments are imprinted in forms and documents related to the interaction of lithospheric, hydrosphere, atmospheric and biosphere processes. Paleogeographic monuments are very specific and associated with signs of paleolandscapes or their components: paleeorefine, paleoclimate, organic world of past geological eras.

Paleogeographic features fixed in the cuts of the earth's crust are manifested in the form of lithological, paleontological, geochemical, paleogeomorphological and other documents. There should also include signs of the arrangement of the ancient coastal zones, Paleobiological and Paleoecological signs - fossil reef structures, signs of a stone bottom, signs related to earthly catastrophes.

Mineral-Petrographic Monuments of Crimea

Mineral-petrographic monuments are determined by the outcrops of the characteristic rocks and minerals and mineral associations concluded in them representing special mineralogical and geochemical interest, signs of metal and ore. Mineral- Petrographic monuments are very diverse, and their allocation should be based on scientific and educational, scientific and practical significance. First of all, such indicators should be taken into account as rarely occurring, features of the composition, utility for the national economy, the possibilities of industrial use.

Geological and Paleontological Monuments of Crimea

Geological and paleontological monuments are associated with finds of residues of fossil organisms and should be based on the composition of the composition, degree of safety, paleontological significance: these are rare and little forms, the forms are exotic, characterizing the biota of the geological past. This should include the findings of the bone residues of ancient mammals, terrestrial and aquatic organisms that have a special value for chronostratigraphy, paleoecology and paleogeography. Paleontological finds that are definitely fixed in geological cuts. Present an exceptional value to solve geological problems, as well as the reconstruction of the peculiarities of the Paleobiosphere of the geological past.

Sources and literature

Geological monuments of Ukraine: Directory-Guide / Korotovko N.E., Shiny A.S., Kanevsky A.Ya. and others. - K.: Nukova Dumka, 1985. - 156 p.
Vasily Yen, Alexander Yen, Andrei Yen. Reserved landscapes of Taurida. - Simferopol: Business Inform, 2004. -424 p.
Ena V.G., Kuznetsov A.G., Lysenko N.I. Features of the development of the PTK of the Mountain Crimea in Pleistocene and their influence on the natural and technical systems / physical geography and geomorphology. - Vol. 33. - K.: Visi School, 1986. - P. 98-103.
Kuznetsov A.G., Jun V.S. Classification of the geological monuments of the Crimea and their protection / Natural complexes of Crimea, their optimization and protection. - Simferopol: SSU, 1985. - P. 8-12.
Kuznetsov A.G., V.P. Problems of protection of geological and mineralogical objects of Crimea / Environmental and environmental aspects of study Mountain Crimea. - Simferopol: SSU, 1985. - P. 9-12.

Presentation description Theme: Hydrological monuments of Crimea. Nature Monument by Slides

Monument of nature - - protected natural territory, on which there is a rare or attraction of a living or inanimate nature, unique in scientific, cultural, historical-memorial or aesthetic relation.

Haphals Cius Hydrologist is an original Customer Picturesque Gorge Haphal with an age oak-beech forest at an altitude of 468 meters above sea level, where the largest Jur-Jur waterfall in Crimea is located even in the most dry time of the year. With a limestone ledge, water comes into a deep boiler and from there headed in the riverbed of the river Ul-Uzen, which above the waterfall creates peculiar cascades. Area 250 hectares.

The coastal boss Ayu-Dag's coastal complex near the mountain is 150 hectares, the length is 5 km. Reserved local area. Monument of nature. Alushta forestry. Created February 22, 1972.

Coastal Cape Cape Square Square: 60 hectares. Includes the coast of 2 km long and the coastal water management of the Cape of the Clea.

Karasu-Ba Baishes Shisha The main protected natural object is the source of Karasu-Bashi - the most powerful Karst source of the Crimea (1500 l / s), located in the Karasu-Basi Gorge at the Slope of the Karabi-Yaylah mountain plateau. It is the source of the Biyuk Karasu River (Carasevka)

The coastal boss Aqualna Complex in Arabatsk oh oh arrows a hydrological monument of nature. Includes the coast of 5 km long and the coastal water area in the Arabat arrow.

Lake Chokrak Area: 1000 hectares. Reserve. The territory of the hydrological reserve is a complex of valuable healing mud of the lake, rape, water mirrors and coastal areas used in recreational and therapeutic purposes, has an individual for wealth and a variety of biota, picturesque and original landscapes. Within the lake, peculiar ecosystems were formed due to high mineralization of water.

Lake Uzunlars Koe (Opuksky Reserve IR) IR) Monument of Nature. The proposed not created. Salting salty lifric lake. The bottom of the lake is covered with a gray and black sludge with a depth of 10 m. Black Il is therapeutic. Also used for recreation

The coastal boss Aqualna Complex at Cape Kazantip Area: 240 hectares. Monument of nature. Hydrological monument of nature. Includes the coast of 8 km long and the coastal water area at Cape Kazantip. .

The coastal boss Aqualny complex at Cape Chron Square: 180 hectares. Hydrological monument of nature. Includes the coast of 6 km long and the coastal water area at Cape Chron. from. Country.

The coastal boss Aqualna Complex at Cape Opuk and the Islands "Rock-to Oral" Hydrological Monument of Nature. Includes the coast of 5 km long and the coastal water area at Cape Opuk and the Islands "Rock-ships". Area: 150 hectares

The coastal Aqualny complex at Cape Chaud Square: 90 hectares. Hydrological monument of nature. Includes the coast of 3 km long and coastal water management in Cape Chaud.

The coastal boss Aqualna Complex at Cape Carangate Area: 150 hectares. Includes the coast of 5 km long and the coastal water area at Cape Carangate.

Kyzyljarski Salted Lake Dry Supply Natural Complex Area: 50 hectares. Monument of nature. The proposed not created. Lake Kyzyl-yar from the sea is separated by narrow sand peresya. Water lake with high salt concentration. At the bottom of the lake, a thick layer of black blades was formed, which have organic origins and possess therapeutic properties. The shores of the lake are covered with steppe vegetation.

Sasykski YY Area: 5000 hectares. Reserve. Landscaping reserve. Lake Sasiek-Sivash and the adjacent sites of sushi are largely unique formation on west coast Crimea, the uniqueness of which consists in a high degree of concentration of bioceneotic relations of complexes, founding fauna invertebrates and vertebrates. Flora is represented by about 200 species of vascular plants, a growing of 11 rare and endemic species is noted. Within the territory of the reserve, 206 species of birds live.

The coastal ride Aqualny complex at the Baba Mountain Arrays Square: 90 hectares. Monument of nature. Hydrological monument of nature. Includes the coast of 3 km long and the coastal water area at the Mountain Array of Karaul-Both.

The coastal busty scaling complex at the Dzhanguls whom the launcher about the coast area: 180 hectares. Includes the coast of 6 km long and the coastal water area at the Dzhangul landslide coast.

The coastal thyroid complex at Cape Athlesh Area: 180 hectares. Hydrological monument of nature. Includes the coast of 6 km long and coastal water management at Cape Athlesh.

The coastal busty Aqual complex at Cape Ai-Todor Area: 120 hectares. Hydrological monument of nature. Includes the coast and coastal water area at Cape Ai-Todor.

Reflection What is the "Monument of Nature"? Why are reserves, reserves are created? What is the value of nature monuments? Give the definition of the concept of "Scale Complex". What objects relate to nature monuments? Why did the need for the protection of hydrological objects? What monuments of the nature of the hydrosphere did you meet today? What measures are needed to preserve and multiply the natural wealth of the Earth?

Homework to prepare an essay: which means the words M. Svavina "Protect nature - to protect the homeland." Find objects on the map. Create a crossword (optional).

Ai-Petri (St. Peter, Greek) - Mountain, which has become one of the generally accepted and all the favorite symbols of the Crimea. Its height is 1234 meters, far from the largest, but the silhouette of the mountain completes the beautiful line Karst caves Yalta Yayla - Nature Monuments Caves Starkayskaya, Basman-3, Basman-5, Basman-7, Yaograph. Cave Starkayskaya (100/10 m) The cave is decorated with gypsum crystals; Student-su - the most high waterfall Ukraine. Translated from the South Bank dialect of the Crimean Tatar language, the name of the waterfall means "flying water". Is at an altitude of 390 meters above the level Alupkinsky Park Monument is an unsurpassed masterpiece of the landscape art of the XIX century. He spread out of the coastal sea scales on the slope until the foot of the picturesque rocks Karst caves of the Ai-Petrinsky Yayla protected nature monuments. Mine-cave crystal (110/113 m). Named in honor of the famous scientist-karstologist Maximovich. On a 22-meter depth The beech grove, with the adjacent area of \u200b\u200bthe banned egg. Nature monument near the teeth of Ai-Petri. At the plateau, as if clinging to the picturesque rocks, spread out the largest in the Crimean Yai Adalalar twin rocks are a romantic symbol of Gurzuf. They are located in a picturesque place opposite Artek at a distance of 200 - 300 meters from the coast. Middle Scala I.

The nature of the Crimea is so unique and diverse that the peninsula is well deserved called the "Miniature World".

The sea coast, the plain territory and mountain ranges in combination with favorable climatic conditions are the distinctive features of the Crimean Peninsula.

Local beauties that are presented by nature itself, uniqueness and originality simply amazing imagination. These are climbing rocks and quiet bay, endless steppe and mountain peaks, full-water waterfalls and noisy mountain rivers, mysterious caves and forest gorges. And all these natural attractions are located on a relatively small area.

One of the most popular natural attractions and the recognizable symbol of the Crimea is the mountain of ai-petri, the acute frequency of the teeth of which rises above the sea level by 1234 m.

To be on top of ai-petri will help cable car, starting in the village of Mishor.

Unforgettable spectacle opens from the top of the mountain: the immense Black Sea and Panorama Southern coast. And if you are lucky enough to meet at the top of the sunrise, then a delightful picture, as from the blue bunky, floats the flame-red ball of the sun, will remain in memory forever.

Ai-Petrinsky array is very picturesque. A unique buoy grove was located on his spurs, the plateau was frozen, prepared for the flight, a three-year-old Pine "Airplane", on the slope, disturbed by the landslide, was the "drunk" pine grove.

The Cave "Three-page" is unique in that all year round the temperature in it does not rise above 0 degrees, and the bottom is eliminated by ice boulders, a thickness of several meters.

More than 3 km crashed into the depth of the Ai-Petrinsky Mountain Massif Big Canyon - Deep (250-320 m) mountain Gorge Surrounded by high rocks and hanging formidable cliffs. In the depths of the gigantic cleft, the rocks are all closer to each other, and in the tightened places the distance narrows up to 3-5 m. Even on the most sunny day, twilight reigns in the canyon.

The chief architect of this attraction is the Auzoun-Uzen River, which Millennia laid his way among stone blocks. There are about 150 small baths and lakes in the canyon, the temperature in which is held about +11 degrees. The depth of reservoirs reaches 4 m, and width - 5.

"Bath of youth" is the deepest of the canyon lakes, sailing in which, according to legend, a person is rejuvenating and restores the strength.

Waterfalls of Crimea

Live water, silver jets with a soft noise falling from the mountains - this is amazing waterfalls adorning the peninsula. There are about 20 of them in the Crimea. The most famous of them:

• Jur-Jur
• Silver strings.

The largest of the Crimean waterfalls is an account-su. From the Turkic language, its name is translated as "flying water", and it is located on the river with the same name as 7 km from Yalta. The jets are falling here from a height of 90 meters in four steps. Especially beauty and power is manifested in spring when it is filled with water from the melting snow.

Jur-Jur Waterfall is the second largest and the most complete of Crimean waterfalls. Its name sounds translated from Turkic as "forever murder." It is located in the upper reaches of the Ul-Ulsen River and is a few cascades, the highest of which is located at the level of 15 m. The winding cascades of water forms small lakes, each of which has its name. According to reference to find love, youth, health and loyalty, you need to swim in the appropriate lake. True, even in hot weather, the temperature of the water in them is not above +10 degrees.

Dimerji and Valley of Give

Not far from Alushta there is a picturesque mountain array Dimerji. On one of his slopes, the sculptor called "Nature" gave the bizarre forms to mountain lips. So the unique smooth valley was formed, filled with stone figures resembling people, objects, animals, and she received the name "Valley of Give". There are about a hundred such stone works here. Sunlight and shadow create such an impression that these boulders come to life and move, as if real leads.

Kara-Dag is a mountain range of volcanic origin. This reserve with futuristic alien species is located near Feodosia and combines unique sites of sushi and part of the Chornaya Water area. Kara-Dag is considered one of the most beautiful Crimean seats. However, it is wild, harsh and chaotic beauty: multi-torque boulders hang over cozy bays, mountain peaks take off high in the sky, and the deepest gorges are covered with an eternal dusk. The wind and the bad weather were vague among the cliffs of fancy figures: a gingerbread horse and falcon, king and queen, retinue and throne. Rock rises straight from the water, which is a symbol of Kara-Dag - "Golden Gate".

The reserve lives amazing representatives of local flora and fauna, among which more than 50 endemics, and hundreds are listed in the Red Book.

This is just a small part of the natural attractions located throughout the Crimean Territory. But each of them is unique with its beauty and represents the value for the unique nature of the peninsula.

In connection with the recent events, namely the story that the Crimea who once belonged to the Soviet Union returned to the patronage of the Russian Federation, and the situation on the banks of the region returned a little, many people wanted to spend their holidays in these beautiful places. This state of things is absolutely not accidental, because the nature of the Crimea is almost the same as in the Black Sea resorts, and sometimes better than there. Unique landscaped objects that are in abundance are found on the peninsula, the huge number of travelers and lovers of active and informative rest are sitting here. Mountains, waterfalls, rocky rocks, canyons, harbor, caves - far from a complete list of what local places boast. In the article we will tell about the most unique and most interesting objectsWith which Crimeans are proud, and where it is necessary to visit at least once in life.

Paradis climate

Weather conditions in the Crimea can be described by phrase paradise climate. No wonder in times Soviet Union In these places a huge number of resistant and sanatoriums was concentrated, government officials and the cultural elite of the country were treated. The air here is a marine mixture with mountain, humidity is much lower moderate, so the heat that prevails in the summer is not so felt and is transferred easier than, for example, in the central regions of our country. The nature of the Crimea deserves special attention, because in two words it is simply impossible to describe all its magnificence and beauty. Moreover, this ancient edge is really rich in various natural monuments, on which (not all, of course) today will dwell in more detail.

Monuments of the nature of Crimea

In order to try to imagine what so famous is the Black Sea Peninsula, it is necessary to understand that the territory of the Crimea is quite extensive. Yalta, Alushta, Evpatoria, Gurzuf, Sevastopol, Simferopol are only those cities that are most of all in many people. And there is still Nikolayevka, Novofedorovka, Novoserny, Olenevo and others, about which some do not even have ideas. However, all these places are an integral part of the Crimean coast, and there are also unique natural monuments on their territory. By the way, all such natural places famous for beauty and unusual, more than a hundred. We list the most significant of them:

1. Mount Ai-Petri.
2. Marble caves.
3. Big Crimean Canyon.
4. Mount Demerji.
5. Cave Emine-Bair-Hosar.
6. Sakian therapeutic mud lake.
7. Dzhangul.
8. Alter.
9. Mynak Lake.
10. Canyon Uzundzhi.
11. Jur-Jur waterfall.

And now it's time to stay on the most amazing of those listed above in order to understand the uniqueness of the nature of the Crimea.

Mount Ai-Petri

Ai-Petri, perhaps, one of high vertices Crimea. Peak more than 1,200 meters. The name of the grief was given to the Greeks and translated as St. Peter. The most unique here is suspension bridgewhich connects two rocks. Any tourist will be able to venture along it: the height is too large, and the bridge is a rope. But there are sneakers that are decisled for a desperate step. Another feature of Ai-Petri is a mountain serpentine, which conducts motorists to the top. The road is so narrow (only two stripes) and winding (turns are all 180 °), which, not having time to appreciate the beauty of the top, you already get a huge dose of adrenaline. Well, the most important thing is why they go to Ai-Petri is the nature of the Crimea, which is visible from a bird's eye view. Looking at the blue sky, which merges with the endless, the same color, the sea, while not forming any horizon line, you feel the freedom and the greatness of the elements. It is certainly worth visiting.

Marble caves

On the territory of Crimea, or rather, not far from Simferopol, marble caves are located. They are an integral part mining system Chatyr-Dag and were created by the nature of the Crimea. The photo of the cave presented in the article will not be able to transfer all the beauty of the place. However, in the image you can see the abundance of stalactites and stalagmites of an incredible form, which are really a lot here. In marble caves, there is always a temperature of 8 degrees Celsius, and they are indescribably scary: twilight, hanging limeighteners - all this gives indescribable mysteriousness and mysteriousness to the dungeons.

Big Crimean Canyon

Tourist who visited at least once at the foot of the big Crimean canyon And examined formed by water for hundreds of years of recess on the stony surfaces of gentle rocks, it will never give up the idea to climb on the top of the rock and see all this, being at a huge height. For lovers active rest In the nature of Crimea, or rather, a large canyon, reveals his arms. To enjoy the pristine, untouched by a beauty, huge inapproprible boulders, sanded winds and rain for hundreds of years, sheer rocky rocks and a diverse green "blanket" of a variety of vegetation by gentle hills can be here. Having only to Big Canyon, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe nature of the Crimea, the description of it, compiled by the element itself, will be exhaustive.

Sakia Medical Lake

The mud therapeutic lake in Saka is small in size. However, as stated in one wise saying about the spool, the case is not at all in the prevasy, but in value. So, the Saksian medical lake is the source and the main supplier useful for the human body of the mud containing a huge number of unique natural healing components. To visit the sanatorium located on the territory of the Saki Lake - the cherished desire for many people who follow their health and supporting physical form at the proper level. Its value was confirmed more than 50 years ago, and at present this natural object is carefully guarded and saved.

By the way, speaking of nature features west Crimea, The Saksian medical lake can not be bypass. West Side Crimean coastlike that: Evpatoria, Saki, Sevastopol, Nikolaevka, reindex rich in the abundance of salt lakes. In this part of the Crimea there is a special smell, which local residents Do not feel at all, and visitors immediately feel. Otherwise, nature in the West is no different from other districts. black Sea Resort: Sandy braids, mountains and soft Mediterranean climate.

Dzhangul

The landslide terrain is washed by the sea, called Dzhangul. The territory spread in the village of Olenevka, which is in the western coast. Here are those who want to enjoy solitude and stay away from the turmoil of large cities. The unique nature of the Crimea is the noise of the waves on the cliffs, screams of gulls and the sea wind, peppering hair - all this, and not only, can be seen on Dzhangule. Rocky figures sticking out of the water, as if someone neatly delivered to the sea, completed the picture and make a description more clear.

Jur-Jur Waterfall

Not far from the resort town of Alushta is a Jur-Jur waterfall. To see the beauty of this creation of nature, you will have to go enough to go on SUVs along the mountain serpentine, located on the cliff of the slope. Traveling on open cars is a kind of exciting attraction of local professional drivers, which can easily tailate on the stones, overcoming obstacles. Having arrived at the destination or, more precisely, to say, where there are no roads anymore, you will have to go down to Haphal's gorge for a long time in almost the sheer path. And only when the path will be overcome, a complete waterfall will open, rapidly falling with the very top of the gorge and forming water with crystal clear cold water. The latter circumstance does not prevent some lovers extreme rest To plunge into Jur-Jur, but for a long time to be in ice water, no one. You can say about the waterfall of Gorge Khaphal that the hidden from human eyes and hidden in the depths of natural creation is truly unique. Those who overcame their fear and venture to see Jur-Jur, never regretted about the dided.

Crimea is really paradise on Russian territory. Here so much interesting, and one article is not enough to describe even a small tolik unique places, koima rich in a huge peninsula.