Route for getting a category in tourism. Difficulty categories of tourist routes
Supervisor: A. Gorchakov, Moscow
Mountain hike report 3 class in Turkey in May 2008 Part 1
Tourist Sports Union of Russia
Moscow Tourist Club "Vestra"
REPORT
about mountain hiking
in the region of the ridge. Aladaglal
(Taurus, Turkey),
perfect by a group of tourists TC "Vestra"
Team leader: Gorchakov Alexander Valerievich
Issuing organization: Moscow mountain club Vestra www.westra.ru
Route book 27/3-301
Cartographic support. Vector map drawn and kindly provided by Sergey Gladilin and Alexander Purikov.
Transport and financeThe options for approaching and leaving are well and fully reflected in the report of Anya Pomazova. ()
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day |
date |
Route sections |
abs h, m |
Notes (edit) |
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Moscow (Sheremetyevo2) - Istambul (Ataturk) |
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Istambul (otogar) - Gereme (Kapadokiya) |
11 h (night) |
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Gereme (Kapadokiya) |
excursion (self-guided) |
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Gereme (Kapadokiya) - Derinkuya - Kapuzbashi |
with a guided tour in the cave town of Derinkuya, car |
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Kapuzbashi - Barazama |
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settlement Barazama - r Takhtajik - kosh above the canyon |
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m nr Aksu - lake in ur Katyrnyry |
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m n - N30 (1B, 3200) - N29 (1A, 3100) - N27 (1B, 3150) - lake under N 27 |
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2550 - 3150 - 3050 |
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m n - N5 (1B, 3350) - in the circus under the ridge N3 |
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m n - N3 (2A, 3300) - N7 (2A, 3400, p / p) - lake under the lane N9 |
3050 - 3300 - 3050 |
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m n - N9 (2A, 3500) - moraine in the circus under N 25 |
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m n - N25 (1B, 3450) - N14 (1B, 3350) - confluence of the Mur river and the stream from Lidut |
3350 - 3450 - 3150 |
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m n - under the lane N22 |
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m n - N22 (1B, 3300) - at the drinking bowl on the Road in Elatan |
3000 - 3300 - 1900 |
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1900 - 2200 - 1300 |
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total mileage, taking into account a factor of 1.2 |
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Adana - Kizkalesi |
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Kizkalesi - Ankara - Istambul (otogar) |
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Istambul (Ataturk) - Moscow (Sheremetyevo2) |
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The area is surrounded on all sides by a well-developed civilization and transport links... There are also many roads inside. And only on the snowy passes there are no traces of civilization. But there are fewer and fewer of them. Therefore, from any point on the route to go "to the people" within one day is not difficult.
The original "superplan" to go to the last canyon of 77 fords remained unrealized, due to bad weather conditions - two days of imprisonment - on the route. We used the shortened exit - to the village of Elatan.
Obstacle table|
N30 (TNG, 1B, 3200) |
N27 (Kuchyuk Demirkazyk, 1B, 3150) |
N5 (Akchay, 1B, 3350) |
N3 (Khoja Nasreddin, 2A, 3300) |
N7 (Yasemin, 2A, 3400, p / p) |
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N9 (Hedgehog, 2A, 3500) |
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N22 (Lidut Zapadny, 1B, 3300) |
Altitude graph
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Walking time 2:10 hours.
The mileage is 11 km.
Difference in height + 350 m
At 17:00 we disembark opposite the waterfalls, which is lower than the village of Kapuzbashi. The jets burst out of the rock mass in the upper part of the rocky bastion and rush down in wide streams of varying degrees of dispersion, with a very impressive flow rate. The water suspension that meets the paws of the sun gives rise to many rainbows!
Having examined this "miracle" from different angles, we finally remember the route and at 18:00 we set off up the road.
After 20 minutes of walking, we pass the village of Kapuzbashi and go higher with a crowd of annoying children. It was possible to fight off the "tail" only after 3-4 km.
It is getting dark .. At the next sharp turn of the road we meet a drinker. (1:10 am above the waterfalls), and it would be extremely logical to camp here. But the place is open and, as it seemed to me, not cozy enough. We decide a little more .. As it turned out, this dark passage would have been completely unprincipled and erroneous, if not a meeting (the only one on the entire route of the hike in general) with a land crab! ..
After walking an hour, we reach the village of Barazam. Dusk fell to absolute darkness. Muezzin echoed the call for evening prayer. And our group decided not to risk meeting the unknown customs of the locals, but to settle down for the night right here, on a small piece of a lawn free from vegetable gardens on the bank of the river.
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Walking time –7: 20 hours. (of which to the canyon: 4:30 pm)
The mileage is 16.5 km.
Height difference+ 550 m.
The morning was greeted by the rays of the warm Turkish sun, clean mountain air and ... surprised owners of gardens! Here we must pay tribute to the highest correctness of the locals, which was quickly successful, so as not to embarrass the wandering travelers.
10:00. Food is distributed, friends are fed. Let's hit the road!
The village of Barazama, like all other villages we met in the Aladaglar region, has a very neat look: the streets are paved with paving stones, there is no garbage either at the entrance or at the exit or inside .. The village has already woken up and on the central street, where we looked not so much cognitively - a cultural goal, how many children were frolicking in search of the shortest path. Houses with a stone base and a wooden top, rather frail in appearance (since the wooden part is more like plywood) in places, clay outbuildings, each with a satellite dish, pets are everywhere. A little further from the center, on the slope, there is a minaret that betrays the presence of a mosque. Surprisingly, they managed to slip through almost unnoticed!
Immediately after the village, neat scraps of juicy green cereal begin. A group of pretty Turkish women with children and goats are already returning from the fields .. And along the river bed, along the very edge of the purest azure stream, there are white birches so close and pleasant to the eye. Mountain-rural idyll in Turkish!
There is a spring-source 400 meters from the village. But getting up camp here is not very convenient - it is quite open. (however, as an option ..!)
Pretty soon the road crosses to the left bank of the river and, climbing a little higher, bending around numerous bends (from washes and ravines) of the slope, comfortably takes us further and further ..
Meanwhile, already 45 minutes from Barazama, a path begins to climb to the right side of the valley, which, judging by the map, is the path bypassing the canyon. The river has grounds that are quite decent for a camp.
The slopes are steeper, the valley is narrowing and its bottom is overgrown with a dense beautiful birch forest with an admixture of something local. And above, at the level of the road, there are fluffy Turkish and our close ones. Unusually scarlet soil (dark red, ed.) shade.
But on the left side of the road, we notice our landmark - a humpbacked stone bridge that is thrown over the right tributary of our river ... The purpose of the bridge, it seems, is the connection of a small kosh with the road. But the tributary .. It bursts out of the canyon! And we go there.
(from the village of Barazam to the entrance to the canyon 2:20 min.)
They decided not to cross the bridge, but to start the ascent along the left side of the tributary. That immediately forced to change the trekking shoes for its fermenting version. Small press. Right-bank path. A steep set along the loose, a bend, and the return exit from the canyon is no longer to be seen: only high walls and a path meandering between branching trees. (30 minutes from the entrance to the canyon)
7 fords. For the most part we go along the left bank along the path. We meet local residents: both sides are unspeakably surprised (we did not expect to meet people, they did not expect to meet such peopleJ).
Brody .., detours ... Knee-deep water., Oh! already on the thigh. In some places, the walls are so steep and the gaps between them are tight that you have to walk along the channel, fighting the stream. Sometimes snow plugs completely block a narrow corridor and require the use of special equipment with an ice ax, so as not to slip into the stream (it is much easier for locals here - they are without backpacksJ). (spent 2:10 hours)
Having lost count of the fords, we find ourselves on the left bank, at the beginning of the decisive exit of a steep ascent. A barely noticeable path begins to set and .. is lost. But from here and above, it also goes to the serpentine, already its right-bank part. At the beginning the ford looks unrealistic .., but the intelligence has shown that the fears are unfounded. Gymnastics insuring each other, we force the rapid flow. Less than 70 m of the set and you can breathe a sigh of relief: further dry !, further open and lovely to the eye space, although not very wide, but already the valley! The first for the last 5:30 h (general, "dirty" time in the Canyon) and the last minutes of the gentle sun for this day .. (19:43 astronomical local time).
Here, between two small rivulets - kosh. After a little reflection and finding the kosh empty (probably, the owners came across to us in the canyon) we are located behind a small hill, on the banks of the Aksu river, opposite another building. No sooner had dinner been prepared than it was completely dark. The inhabitants of the buildings never appeared.
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Joining the hike is easy. The main thing–your wish!
If you haven't hiked before: not required to participate in most programs special training or experience, so you shouldn't worry that you won't be able to, the main thing is desire, everything else will follow. The instructors have the necessary experience in organizing a tourist trip, who will share it with the participants during the trip.
All the instructors that you can see on our website are professional travelers who, on their own initiative, constantly go hiking and go to the most different travel... It's so great that you can join them!
If you have never set up a tent or cooked food on a fire - it's time to try it, there is a lot of fun in it all! :) Even the seemingly difficult ascent to the top of Elbrus is actually not so difficult. If you think that such a pleasure is still not for you - just choose one of the ones available on our website. active programs with accommodation and meals at a camp site or in a hotel.
And of course, whichever trip you choose, you will definitely make new interesting acquaintances while hiking!
Organization of hiking trips
Organization and conduct hiking trips- specialization of professional travelers (instructors), which you can find on our website. We invite everyone to participate in hiking trips in winter and summer! You just need:
1. Decide where you want to go(at least preliminary) and Send a request - click on the orange button in the table with the dates of the trip. The coordinator will contact you after submitting the application, and you can ask him all your questions. Thus, we we will fully orient you and give you the necessary information. From now on, you are a potential participant in your chosen campaign.
Each route has a coordinator, his name and contacts are indicated on the route page. Before submitting an application, you can call or write to the coordinator (if you do not know who your coordinator is for the route you are interested in, call the toll-free number from anywhere in Russia 8-800-200-70-23) and ask all your questions. We will be happy to help you with the choice of a hike or an active tour!
2. Get information by e-mail or in person and conclude a contract. If you live in St. Petersburg or Moscow, you can come to our office (addresses below on this page). We will answer all questions to participants from other cities in correspondence or by phone.
3. Make an advance payment(25% of the cost of the hike) to reserve a place in the group. Prepayment is possible in cash at the office or by bank transfer to the bank account of our organization. The requisites will be sent by the coordinator.
4. Purchase tickets(usually not required for weekend trekking). The cost of tickets is not included in the price of the hike. We will provide you with information for purchasing a ticket on your own: the time before which you must arrive at the meeting point of the group, the date. Time after which you can leave the route ending point, date. We will inform you of the numbers of convenient flights or trains, the numbers of the cars in which other participants are already traveling. You can meet on the road! And after the end of the hike, you can stay at a resort or in an interesting city and extend your vacation for any period of time, the instructor will help you find inexpensive housing! It is not necessary to leave on the day the route ends.
5. Pack your backpack and go hiking! Or pack your suitcase if you go on a tour without backpacks :) The cost of the hikes indicated on the site includes all expenses on the route (food, transport, excursions, group equipment, including tents, etc.). For rafting we provide catamarans or kayaks, life jackets, hermetic bags. If you do not have personal equipment (backpack, sleeping bag, foam mat, foam for sitting, trekking poles, crampons, ice ax) - you can also rent it from us.
The fact is that the tourism that we are now engaged in was born in a country that is no longer on the map (USSR). Then people were interested in visiting the untouched corners of their vast homeland, and the state was interested in maintaining the cheapest and most cost-effective form of recreation. So gradually people went hiking at different levels, and with the growth of experience, claims for more difficult routes also grew. Over time, it became necessary to classify these routes in order to provide a certain level of their security.
This is how the rules evolved independent travel... To regulate the development of tourism, the path of mountaineering was chosen - sport, which is much easier from an organizational point of view. There are public organizations (federations) that regulate their own sport, write rules, classify routes, etc. The costs of the state are minimal - equipment rental, organizational issues with premises, etc. Why it is convenient for the tourists themselves - organizational issues are resolved, somewhere the very opportunity to study is simplified. But this is the background.
What we have now. There are rules for conducting trips. One way or another, they are being finalized (at least they have such an opportunity) by experienced tourism masters. When conducting a hike, each organized group should follow a sequence of steps to reduce the risk of accidents on the hike. Next, the group should bring their route for assessment to more experienced people from the route qualification commission (ICC) for assessment. The commission looks at the route, communicates with the group and decides on the possibility of going through the hike. This is how it should be and, by and large, this is how it is.
In tourism there is a certain classification (ranking) of routes. It grew out of the experience already gained and may well change further. Its meaning is to build up experience gradually and to protect against overestimating one's strength and underestimating the route. Accordingly, there are requirements for the participants and leaders of the campaigns. Well, as a general rule, there are rules describing the main points of what can and should be done and what not.
In a person, to a certain extent, there is a craving for self-esteem and the assessment of others, and a clear classification increases the adequacy of such an assessment and pushes for development.
This approach can be considered sports tourism. It can be said more formally that sports hike- these are activities related to the movement of a person in the natural environment on any transport or without it, alone or as part of a group, with educational, health-improving, sports and other purposes. It sounds somewhat formal, because we can say that a hike is a movement and achievement of some goal in a wilderness area, be it a sports obstacle (summit), or an obstacle on the way to an exclusive view (pass, summit), or a peculiar perception of the view after the obstacle passed (route).
Is it possible to trust a person who says that he is not interested in sports, and at the same time tries to compare his trip? Is it possible to believe a person if he says that he is not interested in sports, and at the same time he is going to the highest point of Europe? How to relate to a person who says that he is not interested in the rules of hikes, because he is not an athlete, and at the same time he skips over his experience, neglecting someone else's experience, leads people with him to an event that they cannot afford? Is it arrogant to call a person's desire to take advantage of someone else's experience (the rules of sports tourism) as a sport? These are already rhetorical questions aimed at realizing what you want from tourism.
Probably not worth saying that you can enjoy communicating with people, communicating with nature, enjoying loneliness even within the framework of categorical trips. Moreover, at any age of a lifelong hike, it may be worth thinking about.
About types of tourism
It so happened that from the USSR we inherited this or that division into types of tourism: hiking, mountain, skiing, cycling, water, etc. We will mainly talk about hiking and mountain trekking.
This division is rather arbitrary and is due to history rather than logic. Although it is. Initially, there was such a division, which survived until the end of the 80s. The climbers got the peaks they categorized - this was at one time lobbied at the highest level. Mountain tourists - everything that is higher than 3000m, but only the passes, to the peaks up to 89g. they were forbidden to walk. For pedestrian tourists - the immense expanses of the USSR, but without the high mountains. This was piously vowed until 1989, with the support of a slight enmity between the classes. Now the lines have faded, but some hereditary tendencies have persisted.
Mountain tourism today is, as a rule, a hike full of technical obstacles, it may well be close to settlements. It is important to maintain certain proportions in complexity and experience. V modern tourism a small division into two subspecies was outlined. Tour-alp (conventionally) - its essence is in technically rich, as light as possible (respectively, low-autonomous) with a small mileage and duration of movement in a particular area. The second is, as a rule, long hikes in the highlands, not much different from hiking.
Hiking is much closer to adventure. Its main task is to see the area, to be alone with nature, and it is desirable that there are few obstacles or they are as diverse as possible. There is also a division in two. The first type is the most technically simple routes, with difficult long obstacles, more wild nature and more autonomy. The second one is technically intense, but at the same time the most diverse, covering the maximum in the area of the hike, it is clear that it is desirable to be autonomous.
If we compare both types, they have points of contact, but the essence was originally different in them. Although today the boundaries are blurring. Linear routes (transition from point A to point B) are always held in high esteem, as the most difficult, but giving good overview areas of the hike. No worse than a roundabout (transition from point A to point A), because gives the same opportunity, but with a smaller view. Also appreciated (in mountain tourism) are routes with several rings, which make it possible to walk light. Often, in both types, radial exits are used (local minicircles sometimes return along their own path), as a quick opportunity to solve their problems (for example, to climb to the top). The debate about which is better is irrelevant, in mountaineering there is a similar debate about the alpine easy style. It's all a matter of taste.
Types of tourism. Photo: https://www.google.com.ua
Closer to classification
In all types of tourism, hiking is divided into six categories. From one to six. The unit is the simplest. There are also power-law non-categorical hikes for children - there are only three degrees.
For all types of tourism there are requirements for the duration and length of the trip. See table:
| Type of tourism | Difficulty categories | Degrees of difficulty | |||||||
| І | ІІ | ІІІ | IV | V | VІ | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Duration in days (not less) | 6 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 20 | 3-4 | 4-6 | 6-8 |
| Length in km. (Not less) | |||||||||
| Pedestrian | 130 | 160 | 190 | 220 | 250 | 300 | 30 | 50 | 75 |
| Ski | 130 | 160 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 300 | 30 | 50 | 75 |
| Mountain | 100 | 120 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 160 | 25 | 50 | 60 |
But the main difference is “filling”.
In mountain tourism, the third and most important factor is the presence of defining obstacles - historically, that the passes. The pass is the main obstacle in mountain tourism. Although today there is no prohibition to go to the peaks or traverses. But, as a rule, the passes are decisive. The pass in this case is a path from one valley to another through a ridge or spur of a ridge, here it is at odds with the general geographical meaning. The passage of several passes by a group without descending into the valley is estimated by the aggregate as a "bunch of passes". The passes are rated in three categories - from one to three (one is the easiest). And each category is divided into two semi-categories - A and B (A is simpler). There are also uncategorized passes (n / a). If there is a star (*) on the classification designation of the pass, this is a pass, which, depending on the conditions, may become more difficult.
Each hike should have a specific set of passes. See table:
| Difficulty category of the hike | Minimum number and category of passes | ||||||
| Total | 1A | 1B | 2A | 2B | 3A | 3B | |
| І | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| ІІ | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| ІІІ | 4 | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | — |
| IV | 5 | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| V | 6 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | — |
| VІ | 7 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 |
There is a decryption of what each category is.
But in a nutshell about human perception. Passes 1A - require the simplest self-belay, participants acquire the skills necessary to overcome them quickly enough. Passes 1B - the simplest mutual insurance is required. These passes should provide movement skills, and, as a rule, they are not characterized by hanging and cold nights on the shelves, sitting in backpacks, etc. If this happens, then the leader should think about where he took people. Passes 2A - as a rule, they already require command equipment, which is very frightening for those who are not familiar with it. Therefore, you can often meet people who do not walk above 2ki. Passes 2B and 3A already require knowledge and skills. 3B - passes for an amateur, it can be scary here.
| Pass difficulty category | The nature of the most difficult sections of the path | Technique and conditions of movement, bivouacs | The total time to overcome the pass. Number of belay points (n). Defining section length (l) | Required special equipment | |
| 1A | Simple talus, snow and rocky slopes with a steepness of up to 30 °; gentle (up to 15 °) glaciers without cracks; steep herbaceous slopes with possible cliffs; usually there are trails on the approaches. | The simplest individual movement technique; self-belay with an alpenstock or an ice ax. When crossing rivers on the approaches, belaying with a rope may be required. Overnight stays are usually in a forest or meadow area. | Several hours. n = 0; l = 0. |
Shoes with non-slippery soles, alpenstocks, safety belts (chest harnesses) and carabiners for each participant. 1-2 main ropes per group. | |
| 1B | Uncomplicated rocks; snow and talus slopes of medium steepness (from 20 to 45 °), and in some years also areas of ice on the slopes, usually covered with snow; closed glaciers with areas of hidden cracks | The simplest collective technique: simultaneous movement in bundles on slopes and closed glaciers. Hanging railings on slopes and at crossings. Overnight stays are possible at the border of the glacial zone. | No more than one day. n = up to 5; l = up to 40-50 m. |
Boots with grooved soles, alpenstocks or ice axes (1-2 ice axes per group are required), safety systems and carbines for each participant. One main rope for every 3-4 people. Rock and ice hooks (3-4 per group), rock or ice hammer. | |
| 2A | Rocky, snowy, ice slopes of medium steepness (from 20 to 45 °); closed glaciers and uncomplicated icefalls. | More complex individual and collective techniques: alternate or group (rail) belay, use of "crampons" or felling of steps; hook belay may be required. Accommodations are possible in the glacial zone. | No more than a day. n = 5-10; l = up to 80-100 m (2-3 ropes in a row) |
In addition to those listed for passes 1B grade, ice axes and "crampons" for each participant, hooks in the required quantity and range. One main rope for every 2-3 people. | |
| 2B | Steep (over 45 °) snow, ice and rocky slopes of medium difficulty, short (up to 10-15 m) wall sections are possible; icefalls of medium difficulty. | The use of all the most common arsenal of techniques: rail or alternating belay, the use of hooks; movement of the first on the rise, and the last on the descent without a backpack, separate ascent and descent of backpacks; descent on the rope ("rappel"). As a rule, overnight stays in the glacial zone are inevitable. | At least a day. N = 5-20; l = up to 200 m (3-5 pitches in a row) |
In addition to those listed for passes 2A grade, brakes for rappelling and (preferably) clamps for climbing. Auxiliary rope, loops, expendable rope ends and rappels. | |
| 3A | Steep (from 45 to 65 °) snow, ice and rocky slopes of considerable length; wall sections up to 1-2 pitches in a row; difficult icefalls. | The use of a variety of methods of movement and insurance over long stretches, including the use of artificial supports, ladders, anchors, etc. Usually, preliminary reconnaissance and processing of the route is necessary. Tactics are becoming increasingly important. Repeated overnight stays in the ice zone are inevitable. Setting up a bivouac can be time and effort consuming. | Up to two days. N = 10-40; l = 200 to 500 m (up to 10 ropes in a row) |
In addition to the equipment listed above, rope ascents; it is possible to use main and auxiliary ropes of increased length; it may be necessary to use ladders, tabs and hooks removed during the descent. | |
| 3B | The same as for 3A, but with a large length of complex sections, their varied nature or extreme complexity, including walls with a steepness of 60 ° or more. | The need for almost continuous mutual and group insurance for many hours and even days; special preparation, designed to overcome this pass; excellent possession of the technique by all participants; impeccable tactics. It is possible that there are no places for overnight stays, which requires the organization of "sitting" or "hanging" bivouacs. | At least two days. n = more than 30; l = 500 m and more (more than 10 ropes in a row) |
Same as for 3A. Equipment specially prepared to overcome a particular pass may be required. | |
It is also not forbidden in mountain tourism to go to the peaks or traverses of the peaks (the passage of one or several peaks along the ridge, with different routes of ascent and descent), while the classification from the post-Soviet mountaineering is used, namely six categories, with two semi-categories - by analogy with the passes ... Since mountaineering is much more focused on the technique of overcoming obstacles, the categories of passes almost coincide with the categories of peaks up to 3B. Although there are often inaccuracies that require re-evaluation. This is due to different approaches to classification.
*Example: high-altitude peaks 5A can correspond to 3A passes, and vice versa, technical rocky 2B can be clearly higher than 3A pass.
The approximate principles for assessing the peaks are given below: Factors that determine the categories of difficulty of the routes:
Difficulties of the sites
Length of sections
Dependence of difficulty on the absolute height of their location
Length of routes
The steepness of the routes
Absolute peaks of routes
Difficulties of the sites
Plots zero (0) - very easy difficulty. Wide talus, snow-ice, grassy, snowy, heavily destroyed rocky ridges and slopes with a steepness of up to 10-20 degrees. The sections are traversed by the simultaneous movement of the entire group in ordinary hiking shoes, without the use of any special equipment.
The first (I) sections are of easy difficulty. Talus, snow-ludic areas with a steepness of 15-30 degrees. and not steep rocky areas. During the ascent and descent, they are overcome by the simultaneous movement of the entire group using the arms to maintain balance. Elementary mountaineering training is required during the passage. Equipment: boots, ice ax, rope for organizing belay.
The second (II) sections are of simple difficulty. Snow and ice areas with a steepness of 25-30 degrees and not steep rocks. When ascending and descending, they are overcome alternately (by trained climbers at the same time) using hands to create supports. Elementary mountaineering training is required during the passage. Equipment: climbing boots, ice ax, crampons, for organizing belay - a rope, possibly hooks.
The third (III) sections are of medium difficulty. Ice-snow areas with a steepness of 30-45 degrees., As a rule, passable in three steps or on crampons, steep rocky slopes, ribs, internal corners, fireplaces, walls with good numerous holds, protrusions, crevices that allow you to move reliably or smooth, but gentle rib slabs, ridges and gutters. Climbing on sections of medium difficulty is carried out by free climbing with the main load on the legs and with a backpack. The descents are carried out mainly by sport or rappelling, as well as free climbing, although in this case it is difficult. Equipment: climbing shoes, crampons, ice axes, for organizing belay and self-belay - hooks, ropes, carbines, hammers, consumable repscord.
The fourth (IV) sections are above average difficulty. Steep 40-55 gr. ice-snow slopes and ridges with a variety of snow eaves, the passage of which is carried out mainly on the front teeth of crampons, steep rocky areas with a limited number of holds, ledges, ledges of cracks and crevices, requiring intense free climbing and good technique for moving along mountainous terrain. Passing sections with a backpack is possible, but very difficult. To ensure safety, the first one must climb the wall sections on a double rope. Descent along the sections is mainly by rappelling, in some cases a sport descent is possible. Equipment: climbing shoes, crampons, ice axes, for organizing belaying and self-belaying - various rock hooks, ice screws, bookmarks, carbines, hammers, consumable cords, ropes.
Plots of the fifth (V) category. Difficult. Steep (more than 45 degrees) ice-snow slopes, walls and ridges with a variety of snow cornices, which are traversed on the front teeth of the crampons, but generally require the creation of artificial points of support. They are also steep smoothed rocks of various mountainous terrain with a very limited number of inconvenient holds, stops, ledges, ledges, crevices and crevices, allowing only well-trained mountaineers to carry out free movement, with the possible organization of artificial support points on short (2-3 m) sections, these rocks, however, have a sufficient number of cracks, crevices and crevices to create reliable belay, as well as (albeit rarely) shelves, not very convenient platforms for organizing a change of the leader. For the passage of difficult sections, a good special mountaineering technical, physical and moral training is required. The movement is mainly free climbing, but only alternately. Lifting the first one with a backpack more than 15-18 kg. almost impossible. The descents are carried out only by rappels. Equipment: special climbing shoes, crampons, ice axes, a wide range of various rock hooks, embedded elements, ice drills, hammers, auxiliary cords, ladders. Belay and self-belay - hook only.
The sections of the sixth (VI) difficulty are very difficult. Smooth vertical and overhanging rocks with a very limited number of uncomfortable and small-sized holds, stops, ledges, ledges necessary for organizing movement, and even cracks that allow you to organize artificial points of support, belay and self-belay, there are practically no even short narrow ones (for one person) shelves for rest. Places of belay, self-belay and change of leader are mostly hanging. The sections require excellent mastery of a top climber for special movement techniques, tactical, physical, psychological and moral training, mastery of special mountaineering equipment and can be passed by a limited number of very well-trained athletes-climbers. Descents by rappels are difficult and require some preparation of the descent route during the ascent.
Length of sections
Routes 1B category should include sections of I-easy difficulty length: rocky - 20-30 m and more or snow-ice - 30-40 m and more; or several short sections of II-simple difficulty: rocky - 3-10 m each or snow-ice - 10-50 m each.
Routes of category 2B should include in sections II-simple difficulty length: 15-30 m and more or snow-ice -80-100 m and more; or short sections of III-average difficulty: rocky - 3-10 m each or snow-ice - 20-50 m each.
Routes of category 3B should include sections of III-average difficulty, length: rocky -20-30 m and more or ice-snow - 100-300 m and more; or short sections IV - above average difficulty: rocky - 3-10 m each or snow-ice 30-100 m each.
Routes of category 4B should include sections of IV-above average difficulty of length: rocky - 30-60 m and more or ice-snow - 100-400 m and more; or short sections of V category of difficulty - difficult: rocky - 3-15m. or ice and snow - 50-150 m each.
Routes of 5B category should include sections of V-category of difficulty-difficult length: rocky -40-100 m and more or ice-snow -200-300 m and more; or short - 3-30 m. rocky areas of VI category of difficulty are very difficult.
Dependence of the difficulty of the sections on the absolute height of their location:
Sections 0 - very easy difficulties at heights are assessed
from 4500 to 6000m. - I-easy difficulty
from 6000 to 7500m. - II-simple difficulty
above 7500m. - III-medium difficulty
Plots of I - easy difficulty at heights are evaluated
below 3000m - 0-very easy difficulty
from 4500 to 6000m - II-simple difficulty
from 6000 to 7500m. - III-medium difficulty
above 7500m. - IV-above average difficulty
Plots II - simple difficulty at heights are assessed
up to 1000m - 0-very easy difficulty
from 1000 to 3000m. - I-easy difficulty
from 4500 to 6000m - III medium difficulty
from 6000 to 7500m - IV- above average difficulty
above 7500 m - V - difficult
Plots III - medium difficulty at heights are assessed
up to 1000m. - I-easy difficulty
1000-3000m - II-simple difficulty
from 4500 to 6000m - IV- above average difficulty
from 6000 to 7500m-V - difficult
above 7500 m - VI - very difficult
Plots IV - above average difficulty at heights are assessed
up to 1000m. - II-simple difficulty
1000-3000m - III medium difficulty
from 4500 to 6000m -V - difficult
from 6000 -VI - very difficult
Sections V - difficult at heights are estimated
up to 1000m - III average difficulty
1000-3000m -IV- above average difficulty
from 4500-VI - very difficult
Plots VI - very difficult at heights are rated
up to 1000m - IV- above average difficulty
1000-3000m - V-hard
from 3000m-VI-very difficult
Length of routes
The length of the routes is determined from their beginning - the lower bergschrunds, saddles or passes to the peaks, without taking into account approaches and descents, regardless of the length and difficulty of passing through glaciers, icefalls, moraines, grassy, talus or snow slopes.
The steepness of the routes
The average steepness of the route is determined from the foot - grassy, talus, snowy slope, lower bergschrunds or passes to the top. For routes of higher categories, it is desirable to have two ratings. The second is the main one, without taking into account the gentle lower and upper parts of the routes.
Category 1B - 10-25 degrees.
2A, 2B category - 15-30 degrees.
3A, 3B category - 20-40 degrees.
4A, 4B category - 30-50 degrees.
5A category - 40-60 degrees.
Category 5B - 45-70 degrees.
Category 6A - 65-75 degrees.
Category 6B - 70-85 degrees.
The absolute heights of the peaks
Category 1B - from 500 to 5000m
2A, 2B category - from 500 to 6000m
3A, 3B category - from 600 to 6500m
4A, 4B category - from 6700 to 7500 m
5A category - from 1000 to 7500m
5B category - from 2000 and more
Category 6 - from 3000 and more.
Routes 1B category
Routes 2A category
Routes 2B category
Routes 3A category
Routes 3B category
Routes 4A category
Routes 4B category
Routes 5A category
Routes 5B category
Routes 6A category
Routes 6B category
Climbing routes and traverses of rocky, snow-ice and combined nature to peaks from 500 to 5000 m high, with an average steepness of 10-25 degrees. Routes mainly consist of sections of 0-very easy difficulty, but must include 20-30 m and more sections of I-easy difficulty, rocky or have several short (3-15 m) sections of II-simple difficulty, or 80-100 m and more snow-ice sections of I-easy difficulty, or have short (30-40 m) sections of II-simple difficulty. The duration of the route is from 1.5 to 5-8 hours. For mass ascents, hook belay may be required.
Climbing routes of rock, snow-ice and combined traverses to peaks from 500 to 6000 m above sea level. The average length of the route is 550 m. The average steepness is 15-30 degrees. The routes mainly consist of sections of 0-very easy difficulty and I-easy difficulty, but must include at least 5-20 m of rocky sections of II-simple difficulty. Traverses must include at least two routes of category 1B. The duration of the routes is from 2 to 6-10 hours. In some areas, hook belay may be required.
Routes and traverses of rocky, ice-snow and combined nature to peaks from 500 to 6000 m above sea level. The average length of the route is 550 m, the average steepness is 15-30 degrees. Routes mainly consist of sections of 0-very easy and I-easy difficulty, but must include sections of II-simple difficulty: rocky - at least 15-30 m or more, snow-ice - at least 80-100 m and more, or have several short sections of III-medium difficulty: rocky - 3-10 m each or snow-ice - 20-50 m each. Traverses must include at least two routes of category 2A and an unlimited number of routes of category 1B. The duration of the routes is from 2 to 5-8 hours. A hook belay (1-3 hooks) is required, although not always.
Climbing routes and traverses of rocky, ice-snow and combined nature to the peaks from 600 to 6000 m above sea level. The average length of the route is 600 m, the average steepness is 20-40 degrees. Routes mainly consist of sections of I-easy and II-simple difficulty, but must include sections of III-medium difficulty: rocky - at least 5-20 m or ice-snow - at least 50-200 m. Traverses must include at least two routes 2B category and an unlimited number of routes 1B and 2A category. The duration of the routes is from 3 to 10 hours. In most cases, hook belay is required. On the slopes, it is possible to use the sports method, and sometimes rappels.
Climbing routes and traverses of rocky, ice-snow and combined nature to the peaks from 600 to 6000 m above sea level. The average length of the route is 600m, the average steepness is 20-40 degrees. Routes mainly consist of sections of I-easy and II-simple difficulty, but must include sections of III-medium difficulty: rocky at least 20-30 m and ice-snow - at least 100-300 m, or have several short sections IV- above average difficulty: rocky - 3-15 m each or ice-snow - 50-100 m each. Traverses must include at least two routes of category 3A and may include an unlimited number of routes 1A and 2B categories. The duration of the routes is 3-10 hours. A hook belay (2-6 hooks) is often required. Descent by sport or rappelling.
Climbing routes and traverses of rocky, ice-snow and combined nature to the peaks from 600 to 7000 m above sea level. The average length of the route is 650m, the average steepness is -30-50g. Routes mainly consist of sections II-simple and III-medium difficulty, but must include sections IV-above average difficulty: rocky - at least 20-50 m or ice-snow at least 50-200 m. Traverses must include at least five routes Category 3A or at least three routes of category 3B, or, respectively, with one route of 3B category, at least four 3A categories, and with two routes of 3B category - at least one 3A category and an unlimited number of routes 2A and 1B categories. The duration of the routes is 5-6 or more hours. For the organization of insurance and self-belay on the routes, it is necessary to drive 10-20 hooks. The first one should use a double rope, possibly overnight stays on the route. Descent on routes on sections above average difficulty is carried out, as a rule, in a sport way and by rappels.
Climbing routes and traverses of rocky, ice-snow, combined nature and peaks with a height of 600 to 7000 m above sea level, the average length of the route is 650 m, the average steepness is 30-50 degrees. Routes mainly consist of sections II-simple and III-medium difficulty, but must include sections IV-above average difficulty: rocky at least 40-80m. or ice-snow at least 200-400 m, or have several short sections of the V-category of difficulty: rocky 3-15 m or ice-snow 50-150 m. Traverses must include at least two routes of category 4A and an unlimited number of routes 1B - Category 3B. The duration of the routes is 6-8 hours or more. Most routes require overnight stays. For the organization of insurance and self-belay, it is required to drive 10-15 or more hooks. Descents along the routes are carried out mainly in a sports way and rappels.
Climbing routes and traverses of rocky, ice-snow and combined nature to the peaks from 1000 to 7500 m above sea level. The average length of the route is 700m, the average steepness is 40-60 degrees. Routes mainly consist of sections of III-average and IV-above average difficulty, but must include sections of V difficulty: rocky - at least 10-40m or ice-snow - at least 100-400m. Traverses must include at least one route of 4B category and one route of 4A category and an unlimited number of routes 1B - 3B categories. The duration of the route is 6-8 hours or more. As a rule, the organization of overnight stays is required on the routes. To organize insurance and self-belay, 15-20 or more hooks must be driven in. Descents along the routes are carried out mainly in a sports way and rappels.
Climbing routes and traverses of rocky, ice-snow and combined nature to the peaks from 2000m and higher above sea level. The average length of the route is 750 m, the average steepness of its main part is 45-70 degrees. Routes mainly consist of sections of III-medium and IV-above average difficulty with practically no sections of I-easy and II-simple difficulty, but must include sections of V difficulty: at least 50 m of rocky and at least 300-500 m of ice-snow, or include several short (3-20 m each) sections of VI-difficulty. Traverses must include at least two routes of 5A category and an unlimited number of routes 1B - 4B categories. The duration of the routes is 8-10 hours or more. Routes usually require skills and ability to organize overnight stays in awkward places. For the organization of insurance and self-belay, 40-50 or more rocky hooks must be driven in. The descent is carried out only by rappels.
Climbing routes and traverses of a rocky and combined nature to peaks with a height of 3000 m and above sea level. The average length is 800 m, the average steepness (excluding traverses) is 65-75 degrees. There are practically no sections I-III of difficulty on the routes. The basis of the routes are sections IV and V of difficulty, but there should also be sections VI of difficulty with a length of at least 20-40 m with a total length of at least 200-250 m. The duration of the route is at least 3-4 days. For the organization of insurance and self-belay, it is required to drive more than a hundred rocky hooks. Routes, as a rule, require the organization of single seated and hanging overnight stays (in hammocks). Traverses must include at least two routes of 5A category and an unlimited number of routes 4A - 5A categories. Descent - only by rappels and requires good organization during the ascent.
Climbing routes and traverses of rocky and combined nature to the peaks above 3000m above sea level. Average length - 800m, average steepness (excluding traverses) - 70-80 degrees. There are practically no sections I - IV of difficulty on the routes. The routes are based on sections V and VI of difficulty. The duration of the routes is at least 3-4 days. For the organization of belaying and self-belaying, it is required to drive rocky hooks more than a hundred times. The bivouacs are mostly hanging. Traverses must include Category 6A routes. Descent - only by rappels and requires organizing it when going up.
As a rule, in mountaineering, a serious level of routes starts at 5A (1st grade in mountaineering), and the peaks are simpler used as an intermediate stage of training. Tourism, on the other hand, partly takes on the function of visiting relatively simple peaks for the purpose not of athletic growth, but as an end in itself. With the necessary preparation.
Hiking tourism does not have such a clear classification. This is his minus - a rather vague classification. But this is also his plus - in greater freedom of choice. In hikes of 1, 2 categories, the basis is the mileage and duration, well, and the coefficient of the area. But for a more detailed assessment, there is a special formula and assessment tables. The area's coefficient is mainly valued - it is the value of the area in terms of its overall complexity. The coefficient of autonomy is an assessment of the possibility of outside assistance. Difference in elevation along the entire route. The sum of points for local obstacles - crossings, passes, peaks, traverses, canyons. These obstacles also have an upper threshold for points that cannot be crossed in order to maintain the safety of the hike. As well as points for extended obstacles - vegetation, swamps, talus, sands, snow and ice areas. In fact, you can score points for a certain category by choosing certain obstacles.
| Section No. | Route indicator | Route difficulty category | |||||
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | ||
| 1 | Duration of the route (t), days (not less) | 6 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 20 |
| 2 | Route length (l), km (not less) |
130 | 160 | 190 | 220 | 250 | 300 |
| 3 | Maximum allowable number of points for local obstacles (LPmax) | 20 | 30 | 50 | 75 | 110 | 150 |
| 4 | Points for local obstacles (LP) included in the offset (no more) | 2 | 6 | 20 | 35 | 55 | 75 |
| 5 | Points for long obstacles (PP), which count towards (no more) |
10 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 110 |
| 6 | Geographic indicator (G) | Determined according to table 4 | |||||
| 7 | Autonomy (A) | Determined from table 5 | |||||
| 8 | Height difference coefficient (K) | Determined by formula 1 | |||||
| 9 | The total number of points scored by the categorized route (KS) | 12-25 | 26-59 | 60-94 | 95-134 | 135-184 | 185 and more |
Points for local obstacles (LP)
| Obstacle characteristics | The number of obstacles / the number of points for them by categories of difficulty of the route | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
1. Ferry |
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| N / C (simplest) | River crossings with a low current speed (no more than 0.5 m / s); depth 0.5-0.6 m; crossings on a log or ford with a stream width of less than 5 m | 4/2 | 4/2 | 4/2 | 4/2 | 4/2 | 4/2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1A (simple) |
River crossings 6-20 m wide; average current (about 1.5 m / s); depth up to 0.8 m. To organize the crossing, efforts of at least 3-4 people are required | — | 3/3 | 3/3 | 3/3 | 3/3 | 3/3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1B (average) |
Crossing rivers more than 20 m wide; current speed is higher than average (up to 2 m / s); the depth is more than 0.8 m. It is necessary to maneuver the group relative to the main direction when ford. The work of the whole group is required; part of the group insures | — | — | 2/6 | 2/6 | 2/6 | 2/6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2A (complex) |
The width of the river is 30 m, the speed of the current is about 3 m / s; depth 0.8 m. For crossing it is necessary to hang the railing. The whole group works, some of which insures | — | — | — | 1/6 | 1/6 | 1/6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2B (mounted) |
The width of the river is 30 m, the speed of the current is 3 m / s and more, the depth is 1.2 m and more. Fording is impossible. A hinged crossing is required; crossing of the first participant using watercraft (salik, catamaran, inflatable boat) or swimming with insurance | — | — | — | — | 1/10 | 2/10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 5 | 11 | 17 | 27 | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2. Pass | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N / C | Not less than 100 m of pass take-off, movement is hampered by talus, vegetation, light rocks that do not require collective insurance | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1A | According to the current assessment methodology | — | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1B | — | — | 1/6 | 1/6 | 1/6 | 1/6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2A | — | — | — | 1/8 | 1/8 | 1/8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2B | — | — | — | — | 1/11 | 1/22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The maximum amount of points for obstacles of all categories, which counts towards | 2 | 6 | 12 | 20 | 31 | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3. Top | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N / C | Not less than 300 m of elevation difference, movement is hampered by talus, vegetation, light rocks | — | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1A | According to the current classification | — | — | 1/5 | 1/5 | 1/5 | 1/5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1B | — | — | — | 1/7 | 1/7 | 1/7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2A | — | — | — | — | 1/9 | 2/18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The maximum amount of points for obstacles of all categories, which counts towards | 0 | 4 | 9 | 16 | 25 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4. Crest traverse | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N / C | Wooded, talus, snowy. Slope along the ridge 15-20 °, traverse length not less than 3 km | — | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1A | Grassy, talus, snow, areas of light rocks, individual belay, slope along the ridge 20-25 °, length not less than 2 km | — | — | 1/5 | 1/5 | 1/5 | 1/5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1B | Talus, snow, ice, rock sections, collective insurance is required. Slope along the ridge 25-30 °, length not less than 1 km |
— | — | — | 1/7 | 1/7 | 1/7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2A | Rough rocks, areas of ice; collective insurance. Slope 35 °, length not less than 500 m | — | — | — | — | 1/9 | 2/18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| The maximum amount of points for obstacles of all categories, which counts towards | 0 | 4 | 9 | 16 | 25 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
5. Canyon |
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| N / C (simplest) | Movement on sand, pebbles, grass, stones and talus without belay, the length of the path in the canyon (or along the pressure) is not less than 200 m | 3/2 | 3/2 | 3/2 | 3/2 | 3/2 | 3/2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1A (simple) | Movement without belay, the length of the path in the canyon (or along the hold) is not less than 200 m | — | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1B (medium) | Driving along the canyon for at least 200 m; application of insurance for at least 25% of the length of the section | — | — | 2/6 | 2/6 | 2/6 | 2/6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2A (hard) | Driving along the canyon for at least 200 m; application of insurance for at least 50% of the length of the section | — | — | — | 2/10 | 2/10 | 2/10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2B (very complicated) |
Driving along the canyon for at least 200 m; hanging handrails and applying insurance for at least 75% of the length of the section | — | — | — | — | 1/8 | 2/18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| The maximum amount of points for obstacles of all categories, which counts towards | 2 | 4 | 10 | 20 | 28 | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Points for long obstacles (PP)
| Obstacle difficulty category | Obstacle characteristics | Obstacle length (km) / number of points for it in categories of route difficulty | |||||||||||||||||||||
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | ||||||||||||||||||
1. Vegetation cover |
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| N / C (forest easily passable) | The forest is traversed or easily traversed without them | 50/10 | 50/10 | 50/10 | 25/5 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1A (medium-passable forest) | The presence of densely overgrown areas, undergrowth | — | 12/5 | 15/6 | 20/8 | 25/10 | 12/5 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1B (high grass) | Irregularities of the slope, depressions, stones hidden in the grass, the steepness of the slope is not less than 20 ° | — | 12/5 | 15/6 | 20/8 | 25/10 | 12/5 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2A (hard-to-pass forest) | There are many areas of rubble, windbreaks, deep bryozoan, etc. | — | — | 10/6 | 15/9 | 20/12 | 25/15 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2B (elfin wood, burning) | Cedar, dwarf birch, bamboo, burning | — | — | — | 5/14 | 10/28 | 20/56 | ||||||||||||||||
| The maximum amount of points for obstacles of all categories, which counts towards | 10 | 20 | 28 | 44 | 60 | 81 | |||||||||||||||||
2. Swamps |
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| N / C (easy to pass) | Viscous wetlands with a depth of 0.2-0.4 m, individual insurance is required | 20/10 | 40/20 | 40/20 | 20/10 | 14/7 | 10/5 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1A (hummock) | Bumps surrounded by water need individual insurance | — | — | 10/12 | 15/18 | 20/24 | 25/30 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1B (topi, mari) | Individual and collective insurance, construction of bridges from poles, installation of handrails | — | — | — | 2/20 | 3/30 | 5/50 | ||||||||||||||||
| The maximum amount of points for obstacles of all categories, which counts towards | 10 | 20 | 32 | 48 | 61 | 85 | |||||||||||||||||
3. Barnacles, moraines |
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| N / C (shallow, flat) | Small stones, slope steepness 15-20 ° | 14/7 | 20/10 | 20/10 | 10/5 | 6/3 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1A (medium, flat) | Live stones up to 1 m in size, slope steepness up to 25 °, individual insurance | 2/3 | 4/6 | 6/9 | 10/15 | 10/15 | 10/15 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1B (small, steep) | Scalding "live", steepness 30-40 ° | — | 2/4 | 3/6 | 5/10 | 7/14 | 10/20 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2A (medium, steep) | Live stones up to 1 m in size, slope steepness 30-35 °, individual insurance | — | — | 1/5 | 2/10 | 3/15 | 4/20 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2B (large) | Live stones of 1 m or more, insurance is required | — | — | — | 1/7 | 2/14 | 3/28 | ||||||||||||||||
| The maximum amount of points for obstacles of all categories, which counts towards | 10 | 20 | 30 | 47 | 61 | 83 | |||||||||||||||||
4. Sands |
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| N / C (bed) | Individual ridges or holes of sand | 20/10 | 40/20 | 40/20 | 10/5 | 6/3 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1A (solid) | Continuous areas of flat sand | — | — | 10/15 | 30/30 | 60/45 | 100/60 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1B (dune) | Solid sands with dunes, ridges, dunes | — | — | — | 20/15 | 40/30 | 60/45 | ||||||||||||||||
| The maximum amount of points for obstacles of all categories, which counts towards | 10 | 20 | 35 | 50 | 78 | 105 | |||||||||||||||||
| 5. Snowy area | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| N / C (shallow cover) | Snow cover 10-25 cm deep | 20/10 | 30/15 | 40/20 | 40/20 | 20/10 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1A (middle cover) | Loose or loose snow cover with a depth of 0.5-0.6 m and more | — | 2/4 | 6/12 | 10/20 | 20/40 | 30/60 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1B (deep cover) | Loose or loose snow cover with a depth of 0.7-1 m and more | — | — | — | 1/4 | 3/12 | 6/24 | ||||||||||||||||
| The maximum amount of points for obstacles of all categories, which counts towards | 10 | 19 | 32 | 44 | 62 | 84 | |||||||||||||||||
6. Ice section |
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| N / C (firn snow) | Ice covered with loose crystalline snow 10-15 cm deep | 13/10 | 20/16 | 30/24 | 30/24 | 30/24 | 30/24 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1A (firn ice) | Rough ice | — | 7/4 | 14/8 | 20/12 | 30/18 | 40/24 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1B (glacier ice) | Smooth ice | — | — | — | 5/10 | 10/20 | 15/30 | ||||||||||||||||
| The maximum amount of points for obstacles of all categories, which counts towards | 10 | 20 | 32 | 46 | 62 | 78 | |||||||||||||||||
7. Water area |
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| Route I class | According to the current classification | — | 70/20 | 100/30 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Route II class | — | — | — | 100/45 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Route III class | — | — | — | — | 100/60 | 150/90 | |||||||||||||||||
| The maximum amount of points for obstacles of all categories, which counts towards | 0 | 20 | 30 | 45 | 60 | 90 | |||||||||||||||||
Now about the requirements for tourists
To participate in a hike of a certain category of difficulty, you need to have experience of participating in a hike one category below. At the same time, 30% of the group may have experience of participation in two categories lower - these are the so-called "percentages". As a rule, this is how more promising guys with less experience are selected. The same requirement is also true for overcoming local obstacles (passes, peaks).
To guide a hike, you must have participated in a hike of the same category and lead a hike one category below.
Mountain tourism. Photo: https://www.google.com.ua
When moving from one type of tourism to another, you need to have experience of participation in the same category and the necessary experience of local obstacles. When moving from mountaineering to mountain tourism, the third category gives the right to participate in the four, the second - up to the six. BUT, when taking a climber to a group, you should pay attention not only to his technical skills, but also to other qualities. In the transition from tourism to mountaineering, there may be some indulgences at the level of 3 grade for the participants of the fours, but they do not always work.
In mountaineering, it is customary to consider experience as sports categories - which include the ascents themselves and the course of study. In tourism, the discharge system is different - you can perform discharges by participating in hikes and leading (classic), you can simply participate in hikes, or by participating in hiking championships. Sports competitions are not considered.
But every self-respecting club should conduct training for its members and leaders, paying attention to year-round preparation with participation in lighter off-season hikes and competitions. They can test behavior skills in non-standard situations, in them the communication of the collective takes place.
The work of the IWC is becoming no less important.
As a rule, it consists of specific commissions - pedestrian, mountain, etc.
The release on the route begins with the fact that two members of the IWC check the hiking experience according to the certificates of the campaigns, or, if necessary, personally. The route and its alternatives, the leader's knowledge of the possible nuances of the hike, etc. are also checked. In the route book filled in by the leader and having the participants' signatures in knowledge of the rules, these members of the IWC put their marks, after which the head of the IWC is signed and stamped. This formality allows you not to overestimate your strengths and realistically assess your experience.
The IWC itself is part of the Federation of Sports Tourism (Region / Ukraine). It consists of people who are trying to work for the development of tourism. Usually. Now about the logic of the route, perhaps about its beauty.
Before you decide to go on a hike, you need to clearly set a goal. What do they want from this trip. Then the route must be chosen according to your goals. And try to logically meet the requirements for your goal. For example, to see such and such an area. At the same time, you need to clearly understand what needs to be done to do this in order to see it. The beauty of the route is, as a rule, the subjective perception of the route by its participants and others.
The result is highly dependent on the advance understanding of what you will see throughout the entire route, how to make the hike safe, feasible for the group, how to gather and unite the group. But these are already questions of strategy and tactics.
But there is a so-called hiking championship. It clearly sets out the criteria by which the hike is assessed. They are quite adequate for self-assessment of your trip. This assessment consists of five criteria. Each of whom must be evaluated by several judges, preferably of the maximum class.
For the given methodology of the assessment of the campaign, we will achieve five integral criteria: - the folding of the joint venture - "C"; - bezpeka - "B"; - Correctness and informativeness - "КІ"; - novelty - "N"; - Integral assessment of the joint venture - "IO".
Folding SP - "S" - estimate in the boundaries from minus 3 to plus 20 points. Umovi: - if "C" shows the folding of the classical route, then the team will deny 0 points. - if "C" the mens hike for the indicator of the classification of the classical route, then the team will take the opportunity to send teams, the folding of the campaign, which is not less classified.
| Indicator intervals | Notes, the nature of the route |
| +16 — +20 | Extra folding (at the border of the transition to the offensive, crim 6k.s.) |
| +11 — +15 | Even strong |
| +4 — +10 | Strong, good for the middle |
| +1 — +3 | Medium, vishche for etalonny |
| 0 | Folding standard, minimal type of VP * for this category of folding |
| -1 — -3 | Folding lower for standard, low intensity of collapse on the route |
Bezpeka- "B" - estimate in the boundaries from -5 to +5 points
| Indicator intervals | Notes, steps of significance |
| +3 — +5 | According to the planning and passage of the route with a significant reserve of mtsnosti |
| +1 — +3 | Positive actions and solutions for safety |
| 0 | Standard route without vidhilen bezpeki |
| 0 — -1 | Damage, such as related to the execution of documentation, and other minor damage |
| -1 — -3 | Not far away, solutions, broken safety, pardons in tactics of passing the route, technical support for overshoot, not far away from oversupply too |
| -4 — -5 | Suttuvi prorahunki and destruction of strategy, tactics and technology of route passage, registration of route documentation |
Corinth and informativeness- "КІ" - estimate in the boundaries from -4 to +4 points
| Indicator intervals | Notes, steps of significance |
| +3 — +4 | The informational content of the sound is great; |
| +2 — +3 | Informativeness of the medium for the middle, as well as in the electronic version of the sound and video. |
| 0 — +2 | Average informativeness, sounds like the average level with the electronic version |
| 0 — -2 | Small informativeness, sounds lower than average |
| — 2 — -4 | Superbly low informativeness, it sounds like low quality, the ID's passports are not enough, there is not enough technical description of the route, a lot of pardons, not a lot of registration |
Novelty- "N" - stand between 0 to +7 points.
| Indicator intervals | Notes, steps of significance |
| +5 — +7 | Outside of the passage in the new district, the entire route of the railway, which also includes the category of folding |
| +2 — +5 | 50% - first pass, new route near the home region, other route |
| 0 — +2 | Big new elements of the first pass, elements of novelty on old routes (for example: on new ships), originality of passage, new link of districts in tosho |
| 0 | Matching the standard route |
Integrated weather assessment- "ІО" - stand between 0 to +9 points
Mind:
The indicator is estimated pretty much in the values of the intervals for one, the decal or for the sum of the lower values of the parameters:
autonomy;
combined hikes;
інші factories.
Autonomy:
0 points - route of the prolyagє in the developed area;
0 - +3 points - the route of the route is near a distant, importantly accessible area without settlements (it is uncomfortable to reject additional help, new calls, refunds).
Combined hikes: *
+2 bali - warehouse route 2 k.s .;
+3 bali - warehouse route 3 k. S .;
+4 bali - warehouse route 4 k. S ..
* The team declares in the championship of their joint venture in that kind of tourism, de c. warehouse route vish. Yakshcho offense of warehouses of the route along the c. however, the team itself is virіshu, in which type of tourism declare its own joint venture.
Інші factors:
0 - +2 bali for the examination of the court. For example: for nadannya additional help with ryatuvalny robots, traversing the route with extremely uncomfortable meteoums, too.
The result of the skin okremoy command is set as the sum of the average arithmetic values of the court's expert assessments of the skin s five criteria - "C", "B", "KG", "N", "IO" and maybe at the boundaries of the types - 12 to +45 points ...
The teams will be awarded for the first time in the number of points collected:
- yaka is big big indicator for folding "C";
- yak has seen the combination of abductions of a large high class;
- yaka is big big indicator for safety "B".
At the time of such indicators, the ability to vote is determined by the voices of their judgments.
Hiking in the mountains is not always easy and safe. It is very important to choose correctly and adequately assess the upcoming route and the strength of your group, to prepare for the mountains. Go for it! And it doesn't matter whether this tourism will be called sports or not, it is important that it only brings joy.
Travel documents
Documents for the tour:
An itinerary sheet is a travel document for a group going on a weekend hike or on a non-categorical trip itinerary. The itinerary sheet of the established form is filled in by the head of the tourist group, signed by the chairman of the board of the tourist club (or organization conducting the trip) and certified with a seal.
The itinerary book of a tourist sports hike (form No. 5 - Tour) is a travel document of a group going on a trip of 1 and higher categories of complexity (hereinafter referred to as cs).
The book contains a list of the group with the passport data of all participants, a detailed travel schedule for the days of the journey, checkpoints and the timing of communication with the route. The book is issued to the head of the group after checking in the MCC the correctness of the developed route and the preparedness of tourists for it.
The route book (in duplicate) is filled in by the head of the tourist group and submitted to the IWC, which must check the development of the route and the schedule for the main and alternate options, the knowledge of the leader and participants of the route of the conditions of movement and natural obstacles, the correctness of the measures planned by the group in case of an unforeseen retreat on the route and timetable, measures to ensure the safety of the trip.
In case of a positive conclusion of the IWC, the head of the tourist group is issued a numbered, registered and stamped IWC route book (the second copy is kept in the IWC).
A message to the head of the KCC about the upcoming campaign - must be completed and sent by the group leader. Upon arrival at the starting point of the route, the tourist group must register with the appropriate KCC. During the passage of the route, the leader of the group must mark in the route book and inform the IWC and KSS that registered this group about passing checkpoints and about the end of the route.
Travel credit certificate - certified by the MCC and issued to the participants and the leader of the tourist group after reviewing the travel report. On the basis of the issued certificates on the passage of the route, tourists can be assigned one or another sports category.
Route sheet
| date | Number of people | Route | Type of transport | Amount for the whole group |
Signatures:
Team leader
_____________________________________________________________________________
Group leader
Group manager
THE DOCUMENTS
Hiking safety
Knowledge of regulatory documents and instructions is one of the most important conditions for a safe hiking trip. Today we are introduced to them by the director of the Federal Center for Children and Youth Tourism and Local History, Doctor of Pedagogy, Honored Teacher of the Russian Federation, Honored Traveler of Russia Yuri KONSTANTINOV.
The main task in carrying out tourist events (as, indeed, any other event involving children) - ensuring their safety. This is the aim of the activities of specialized institutions of additional education for children - stations for young tourists (SYuTur), centers for children and youth tourism (TsDYuTur), departments of tourism and local history of houses and palaces of children's creativity. Their task is to provide comprehensive assistance to educational institutions, teachers in organizing tourism and local history activities with students.
The state system of youth tourism has existed for 90 years. All these years, there has been an improvement in the forms and methods of working with children, determining its content, as well as ways to increase the safety of events with children. This work was carried out in parallel with the development of an adult sports and health, amateur tourism, since the safety of hiking is an equally important task for both children and youth tourism and for an adult. At the same time, the basis for ensuring safety, first of all, is considered to be the training of beginners - both children and adults - in the basics of tourism as the first factor in ensuring safety.
The second area of activity is to assist teachers in the preparation of the campaign and control over its implementation. These issues are dealt with by route qualification commissions (public organizations) and search and rescue services (PSS) of the Ministry Russian Federation for civil defense, emergency situations and elimination of consequences of natural disasters. The MSS have largely lost the functions of bodies that control the passage of the routes by groups and their compliance with the deadlines for reporting its passage, and most often respond to requests only when they receive reports of accidents.
The preparation and conduct of trips should be carried out in strict accordance with the Instruction on the organization and conduct of tourist trips, expeditions and excursions (travel) with pupils, pupils and students of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR dated July 13, 1992 No. 293 ( Appendix No. 1). The instructions should not be taken as a purely formal document. This is not the first edition of it: the instruction has been constantly improved by experienced tourist teachers in order to help group leaders, streamline the conduct of trips, and improve safety.
This document clearly defines the rights and obligations of the institution conducting the hike, the leader and members of the group, the procedure for preparing, registering and conducting the hike. The instruction gives a complete picture of the actions of the group leader from the beginning of the preparation of the campaign to its completion and summing up. Its observance is mandatory for all groups of students, regardless of which institution (organization) is the organizer of the event. For violation of the instructions, the group leader and his deputy are subject to disciplinary responsibility, unless these violations entail other liability provided for by law.
It is necessary to draw up documents for holding any tourist event. First of all, the administration of the institution organizing the trip issues an order in which it appoints the head and his deputy. In the named order, in addition, the size of the group, the timing of the trip, and its route are determined. In the same order, the head and his deputy are responsible for the life and health of children and the safety of the event, for the implementation of his plan, the maintenance of health-improving, educational and cognitive work, compliance with fire safety rules, nature protection, historical and cultural monuments. When conducting a weekend hike, an excursion, the group leader is issued a route sheet of the established form, certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the institution.
When entering a categorical route, as well as hiking of I-III degrees of difficulty in the off-season, the head of the group submits application documents to the itinerary qualification commission (ICC), authorized to consider the route of this category of complexity. The ICC is an expert public body, which is created with the aim of providing qualified assistance to the leaders of tourist groups in the preparation of hikes. Members of the IWC are experienced hikers who know the trekking areas well. They check the knowledge of the head of the hiking area, the route and its dangerous sections, ways to overcome them, emergency exit options in case of unforeseen circumstances, assess the compliance of the declared equipment with the degree of complexity of the route. If necessary, members of the ICC give advice to the leaders on planning the route, actions on any difficult sections of it, logistical support of the group, etc.
Based on the results of the interview with the group leader, the ICC members either give a positive conclusion and recommendations aimed at a more thorough preparation of the event, or speak out against entering the declared route. The group may be assigned a readiness review in order to make sure on the ground that all participants are sufficiently prepared for the passage of this route. At the same time, tourists are invited to complete tasks similar to those that they have to complete on the route (often without the participation of the group leader).
The second effective way to check the readiness of a group to enter the route is to participate in tourist rallies and competitions. All this is organized with one goal - to maximize the safety of the campaign: after all, no one will advise the leader on the route anything.
In case of a positive conclusion of the IWC, the group is registered and receives a route book, in which all information about the group and its route is entered.
In the case of financing a trip by an institution, the head must be guided by the requirements of the Instruction on the procedure for accounting for funds and drawing up reports on tourist multi-day trips, excursions, expeditions and tourist camps of students, approved by the letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated June 10, 1997 No. 21-54-33 IN ( Appendix No. 2).
When developing a hiking menu, one must be guided by the letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated January 11, 1993 No. 9/32-F ( Appendix No. 3).
The development of tourism in the education system is also facilitated by the availability of a Model List of Equipment and Equipment for a Field Camp and a Model List of Tourist Equipment of an Educational Institution, ( Appendix No. 4 and 5 ).
It should be noted that all the above regulatory documents have been developed by practitioners and have shown their necessity. They still operate, contributing to the development of tourist and local history activities of students.
Yuri KONSTANTINOV,
Director of the Federal Center
children and youth tourism and local history,
Moscow
Applications
APPENDIX No. 1
Instructions for organizing and conducting tourist trips, expeditions and excursions (travel) with pupils, pupils and students of the Russian Federation
1. General Provisions
1.1. This Instruction determines the procedure for conducting tourist trips, expeditions and excursions (travel) with students of secondary schools and vocational schools, inmates of orphanages and boarding schools, students of pedagogical schools of the Russian Federation.
1.2. Camping trips, expeditions, excursions (travel) are an important form of humanistic, patriotic, international education, knowledge expansion, health improvement and physical development of children and youth.
While traveling, young tourists explore their native land, the country - the Russian Federation; carry out work on the protection of nature, monuments of history and culture; perform tasks of educational institutions, scientific and other institutions and organizations.
2. Obligations of the institution conducting a tourist trip, expedition, excursion (travel)
2.1. The administration of the institution conducting the trip is obliged to assist the group leaders in organizing and conducting the trip and issue the relevant documents certified by the seal of the institution conducting the trip.
Financing of tourist trips, expeditions, excursions (travel) is carried out in accordance with the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and other organizations that conduct these activities in accordance with approved plans.
2.2. The administration of the institution conducting the trip, as well as members of the itinerary qualification commissions (IAC), who gave a positive opinion on the possibility of the group making the declared trip, are not responsible for incidents that were the result of improper actions of the leaders and participants of the trip.
2.3. For carrying out multi-day hikes, long-distance excursions with an overnight stay in the village, a written consent of the institution, the organization that hosts the group, or a ticket from the excursion organization must be a prerequisite.
2.4. Participants of tourist trips with completed itinerary documents enjoy the right to accommodation and service in tourist hotels, at bases and in campsites, subject to availability. With the permission of the relevant organizations, they enjoy the right to visit reserves, wildlife sanctuaries and other territories with a limited visiting regime.
2.5. In case of violation by a group on the route of the control deadlines for notification, the administration of the institution conducting the trip is obliged to immediately contact the territorial education authorities, the control and rescue service (KSS) or the detachment (KSO), tourist organizations to find out the location of the group and provide it with the necessary assistance.
3. Requirements for the head, deputy (assistant) head and participants of a tourist trip, expedition and excursion (travel)
3.1. Groups for hiking, expeditions, excursions (travel) are formed from pupils, pupils and students (hereinafter - students), united on a voluntary basis by common interests on the basis of joint study, classes in circles and sections, work, place of residence, having the necessary experience and carried out the preparation of the planned campaign, expedition, excursion (travel).
3.2. Basic requirements for the participants, the head, the deputy (assistant) of the head of non-categorized hikes, expeditions, long-distance (outside the city, region) excursions:
3.2.1. The same requirements are imposed on the head, deputy head and participants of expeditions with an active method of movement as for the head, deputy head and participants of hiking trips in accordance with the degree (category) of difficulty of the active sections of the route.
3.2.2. At the discretion of the administration of the institution conducting the trip, with the consent of the head of the group (detachment), based on the quantitative composition of the group (detachment), ensuring the safety of participants, instead of the deputy head, an assistant head may be appointed from among students who have experience of participating in similar trips, excursions ( travel).
3.3. Basic requirements for participants, head and deputy head of tourist and sports trips:
3.3.1. To participate in hiking trips I grade persons at least 12 years old are allowed, II class - 14 years old, grade III - 15 years.
For students who have received theoretical and practical training for at least one year of study in tourism and local history circles, sections, clubs, age qualification for participation in degree and I-III grade. trips to the homeland, subject to medical clearance, can be reduced by one year.
3.3.2. In hikes III-IV grade one third of the group members can be tourists with experience of participation in hikes in 2 categories lower, in hikes I and II class. - with experience of participation in non-categorical trips.
3.3.3. On hiking trips, one third of the group members may be hikers with experience in mountain and ski trips one category of difficulty below the planned hike.
3.3.4. In ski trips, one third of the group members can be tourists with experience of participation in hiking and mountain trips lower than at least one category of difficulty and higher than the category of difficulty of the planned trip.
3.3.5. In mountain hikes, one third of the group members can be tourists with experience of participating in hiking and skiing trips not lower than the same category of difficulty as the planned hike.
Table 1
Notes:
1. The quantitative composition of the excursion group can be determined by the tourist and excursion organization conducting planned excursion routes, and the amount seating in the bus.
2. The age of the excursion participants is beyond their settlement determined by the administration of the institution conducting the trip, based on pedagogical expediency.
table 2
| hike (c.c.) | Necessary experience of participation and leadership in hiking trips on this type of tourism (c.s.) | Minimum age | The quantitative composition of the group |
||||
| participant, deputy head | the head | participant | the head | the participants | head, deputy |
||
| participation | management |
||||||
Participants of hikes, which provide for crossings through classified passes, must have experience of passing (leader - experience of leadership while passing) two passes one semicategory lower than the maximum for this hike. The leader, in addition, must have experience in passing two passes of the same semi-category of difficulty.
One third of the group members on mountain passes may be tourists with no experience in passing the passes.
Participants of the hikes, which provide for the first ascent of classified passes, must have experience in passing (leader - experience in leadership when passing) passes of the same category of difficulty.
Participants and leaders of hikes in which other sections of the first ascent are envisaged must have experience of participating in hikes of a category of difficulty equivalent to that expected on these sections of the route. One third of the participants in such hikes may have experience of hikes one category of difficulty below.
One third of the group members in mountain hikes I-III grade. climbers with the III sports category can be climbers in the IV class hikes. - climbers with the II sports category, as well as experience in expeditionary mountaineering activities or experience in participating in a non-category hiking trip.
3.4. Voyage leaders should have experience in participating and guiding cruises on the same types of vessels.
3.5. Participants of water trips I-III class must have relevant experience of cruises on any type of vessel, and starting from IV class. - on the same type of ships or kayaks.
3.6. Participants and leaders of a combined hike, including sections of the route for various types of tourism, must have appropriate experience in passing such sections.
3.7. Participants and leaders of non-category hikes, including elements of hikes II-IV class, as well as non-categorical hikes, including elements of hikes of higher categories of difficulty, must meet the requirements for participants and leaders of hikes of the same difficulty categories, the elements of which are included in this hike.
3.8. Participants and leaders of hikes conducted in the off-season must have appropriate experience of participating (leadership) in hikes made in the off-season, or in hikes of the same category of difficulty, made in normal conditions.
3.9. To participate in the horizontal non-watered caves of the 1st class caving hikes. persons from 14 years old are allowed; in vertical caves - from 15 years old; in horizontal caves II grade - from 15 years old; in vertical caves II class - from 16 years old; in horizontal caves III class - from 16 years old.
Passage with students of caves in which the use of self-contained breathing apparatus is provided is prohibited.
Temporary division of a tourist group making a caving trip of any complexity category into subgroups is allowed only when working in one cave; in this case, each subgroup must have a leader, a life support kit designed for an unforeseen situation in the cave for at least two days.
When passing vertical caves II grade and horizontal caves III class the group must have at least one leader for every four participants.
Participants in caving trips must have experience in passing (leader - experience in leadership when passing) caves one category lower than the maximum for this trip. The leader, in addition, must have experience in passing caves of the same category of difficulty.
One third of the group members in caving trips involving the passage of the III class caves can be tourists with the experience of passing the I class caves, and the II class caves. - no experience of passing caves.
4. Duties and rights of the leader and deputy leader of the campaign, expedition, excursion (travel)
4.1. The head and deputy head of the campaign, expedition, excursion (travel) are appointed by the administration of the institution conducting the trip.
The head and deputy head can be persons who meet the requirements of this Instruction, who, with their consent, the administration of the institution conducting the trip entrusts the leadership of the group (detachment) of students.
If three or more tourist groups with the number of participants of at least 30 students (for the II-IV grade hike - at least 20) and their routes and travel schedules basically coincide, then the general management of these groups can be assigned a specially appointed senior leader. In this case, all managers can be credited with leadership.
4.2. The leader and his deputy, as well as the senior leader are responsible for the life, health of children and the safety of the campaign, expedition, excursion (travel), for the implementation of the action plan, the maintenance of recreational, educational and cognitive work, fire safety rules, nature protection, historical monuments and culture.
4.3. For violation of this Instruction, the group leader and his deputy, as well as the senior leader, shall bear disciplinary responsibility, unless these violations entail other liability provided for by applicable law.
4.4. The leader is obliged before the start of the hike, expedition, excursion (travel):
Ensure the recruitment of the group, taking into account the interests, tourist qualifications, physical and technical readiness of students;
- to organize comprehensive training of the participants of the campaign, expedition, excursion (travel), check the availability of the necessary knowledge and skills to ensure safety, the ability to swim, provide first aid;
- organize the preparation and selection of the necessary equipment and food, identify the possibility of replenishing food supplies on the route; make a cost estimate; prepare route documents (route book or route sheet, certificate) and an order to conduct a hike, expedition, excursion (travel);
together with the participants:
To get acquainted with the area of the hike, expedition, excursion (travel), according to the reports of other groups, to get advice at the station (center) of young tourists, in the route qualification commission, from experienced tourists and local historians;
- prepare cartographic material, develop a route and schedule for a hike, expedition, excursion (travel), a plan for local lore socially useful work and other activities on the route; outline checkpoints and deadlines;
- familiarize yourself with the weather conditions in the area of the upcoming hike, expedition, excursion (travel); study difficult sections of the route and outline ways to overcome them;
on a hike, expedition, excursion (travel):
Strictly follow the approved route;
- accept necessary measures aimed at ensuring the safety of participants, up to changing the route or terminating a hike, expedition, excursion (travel) in connection with emerging natural hazards and other circumstances, as well as, if necessary, to provide assistance to the victim;
- take urgent measures to deliver injured or sick participants to the nearest medical facility;
- report the accident to the next: search and rescue service (PSS) or search and rescue squad (PSO), to the institution conducting the journey, and the route qualification commission (MCC), which released the group on the route, local education authorities;
- to appoint in case of temporary division of the group in emergency for the purpose of reconnaissance, throwing food, equipment, performing local history tasks, etc., but not more than 8 hours, in each subgroup (in water trips- on each ship) their deputies (assistants) from the most prepared participants. The subgroup must be at least four people, including one adult;
- organize, if necessary, prompt assistance to another tourist group located in this area;
- inform the hydrometeorological stations encountered on the route, local authorities about avalanches, mudflows, glacier movements and other dangerous natural phenomena observed along the route of the group;
- make notes in the route book about the passage of the route.
4.5. When organizing tourist and sports trips:
Submit to the itinerary qualification commission (ICC), which has the authority to consider a hike of this category of difficulty, no later than 30 days before the start of the hike, application documents for the hike (a route book and a copy of it, certificates of the experience of the participants, the head and the deputy head, cartographic material, medical certificates) and other documents necessary for the consideration of the declared trip.
The application documents of the groups of the participants of the trip are considered by the itinerary and qualification commissions at the educational authorities, and in the absence of the appropriate powers, by the ICC of the tourism federations (tourist clubs).
With a positive conclusion of the MCC about the possibility of the group making the declared trip, the head is issued a registered route book. If necessary, special instructions and recommendations to the group are recorded in the route book, the corresponding search and rescue service (PSS) or detachment (USAR) is determined for registration before entering the route.
4.6. No later than 10 days before departure to the starting point of the campaign, inform the MSS or PSO according to the established form, the route of the campaign, checkpoints and the timing of their passage, the composition of the group. If the active part of the hike begins at the point of deployment of the MSS or PSO, a personal attendance is required.
If it is necessary to change the route, the composition of the group and entries in the route book, before leaving on the hike, coordinate these changes with the IWC, which gave a positive conclusion on the hike, and also inform the PSS or PSO that registered the group about it.
If it is necessary to change the timing of the campaign, the composition of the group after the departure on the campaign, inform the MCC about this by telegram, which gave a positive conclusion on the campaign, to the MSS or PSO that registered the group, and to the institution conducting the journey.
Inform by telegram to the IWC, which gave a positive conclusion on the hike, to the MSS or USAR team who registered the group, and to the institution conducting the trip, about the passage of the checkpoints by the group and the end of the hike.
Submit a report to the MCC, and after reviewing the report and offsetting the hike, issue certificates to the group members about the completed hike.
5. Duties and rights of participants in a campaign, expedition, excursion (travel)
5.1. The participant is obliged:
To actively participate in the preparation, conduct of a tourist trip, expedition, excursion (travel) and drawing up a report;
- to observe the strictest discipline, as well as to carry out the assignments assigned to him by the meeting of the group;
- timely and efficiently follow the instructions of the head and his deputy (assistant);
- during the period of preparation for categorical trips, undergo a medical examination at a medical and physical dispensary or other medical institutions, with a doctor of an educational institution;
- to know and strictly follow the rules of fire safety, safety rules on hiking, including on the water, handling explosive objects, ways to prevent injuries and provide first aid;
- take good care of nature, monuments of history and culture;
- promptly inform the head of the campaign, expedition, excursion (travel) or his deputy (assistant) about the deterioration of health or injury.
5.2. A participant in a hike, expedition, excursion (travel) has the right to:
Use the tourist equipment and sports facilities of the institution conducting the trip; - participate in the selection and development of the route; - after the end of the hiking trip, expedition, excursion (travel), discuss at a group meeting the actions of any of the participants, contact the institution conducting the trip, and tourist organizations.
6. Responsibility of the head, deputy head and participants of tourist and sports trips
6.1. For violations of this Instruction that did not entail liability established by current legislation, the institution conducting the trip may submit materials to travel organizations for the following measures of influence:
Do not count the leadership, participation in a perfect hike for the fulfillment of the standards of sports categories;
- cancel the offset of all or a certain number of previously completed hikes;
- partially or completely disqualify - deprive sports categories and titles;
- prohibit participation, lead hikes of a certain category (degree) of difficulty for a specified period;
- withdraw from the composition of public tourist bodies.
APPENDIX No. 2
AGREED
Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation
Letter dated April 15, 1997 No. 3-E2-8
Instructions
on the procedure for accounting for funds and reporting on tourist multi-day trips, excursions, expeditions and tourist camps of students
1. When organizing multi-day tourist events, the head of the group draws up an estimate, which is approved by the head of the institution. This estimate reflects the items of expenditure, determines the share of funding by the institution and parental funds. The number of participants in the event is also indicated.
2. If necessary, parental funds can be collected by the head of the group according to the statement with the receipt of the parents (students) for the payment. In this case, the parental funds are delivered on time by the group leader to the cashier of the institution or centralized accounting department, followed by their delivery to the bank.
3. At the request of the group leader, part of the funds is transferred to the organization to pay for the costs associated with holding a multi-day tourist event, and the remaining amount is issued to the group leader for the preparation and conduct of the event.
4. The amount issued for the report to the head of the group is not included in his total income.
5. At the end of the multi-day tourist event, the head of the group, in a timely manner, within three days, submits to the accounting department of the institution an advance report on the expenditure of the amount received for the report. The balance of unspent funds is subject to return to the cashier at the place of receipt of the advance.
6. The voucher for the purchase for cash and non-cash payments and the consumption of food during the period of a multi-day tourist event is a statement of purchased and consumed products ( Annex 1).
7. For intra-route crossings in the absence of travel documents, a route sheet is drawn up ( Appendix 2).
If you have travel documents, they are pasted onto sheets of paper for submission to the report.
8. For the cultural and economic expenses made, the head of the group reports to the accounting department with invoices, receipts or tickets. If it is not possible to get them, then a statement is drawn up in the form ( Appendix 3).
9. The advance report on the multi-day tourist event is accompanied by travel certificates of the head and his deputy and a route sheet with check marks on the way.
Annex 1
Bill of food purchased and consumed
TOTAL: _________________________________
Signatures: Team leader
Group leader
Group manager
Appendix 2
Route sheet
TOTAL: _________________________________
Signatures: Team leader
Group leader
Group manager
Appendix 3
List of purchases and services rendered
TOTAL: _________________________________
Signatures: Team leader
Group leader
Group manager
APPENDIX No. 3
On the norms of food costs in tourist activities
The Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation explains that when carrying out tourist events (hikes, travels, rallies, competitions, etc.), one should be guided by the "Sample List of Food Products Recommended for Composing the Daily Diet of a Young Tourist on Hikes and Travels" (attached). In the absence of some products, it is allowed to replace products of other names with an increase in their quantity accordingly.
Monetary norms for food expenditures in tourist events are established by the heads of institutions and organizations conducting these events, based on natural norms, at actual prices prevailing in the region where they are held, within the limits of available funds.
Deputy Minister S.A. BADMAEV
An approximate list of food products recommended when drawing up the daily diet of a young tourist on hikes and travel
(Appendix to the letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated January 11, 1993 No. 9/32-F)
| P / p No. | Product name | Weight in grams |
| Bread black and white | ||
| Suhari, biscuits, crispy bread, flour | ||
| Soup concentrates in bags | ||
| Butter, ghee, vegetable | ||
| Stew, minced meat, pate, liver pate | ||
| Freeze-dried meat | ||
| Sweets, chocolate, halva, honey | ||
| Raw smoked sausage, brisket, loin | ||
| Lard-spig, ham, canned sausages | ||
| Fish products, | ||
| Fresh vegetables | ||
| Dry vegetables, freeze-dried | ||
| Powdered milk, dry cream | ||
| Condensed milk | ||
| Egg powder | ||
| Cheese, processed cheese, feta cheese, freeze-dried cottage cheese | ||
| Fresh fruits | ||
| Various dried fruits, concentrated jelly | ||
| Nuts, dry berry juice | ||
| Cocoa powder | ||
| Spices: pepper, mustard, bay leaf | ||
| Tomato (pasta, sauce), onion, garlic, citric acid, starch, gelatin | ||
| Vitamins, glucose |
APPENDIX No. 4
Typical list of equipment and equipment for a field tourist camp (per 50 people)
(Appendix 3 to the order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated April 28, 1995 No. 223)
| P / p No. | Quantity |
|
| Tent with awning | depending on their capacity |
|
| Household tent | ||
| Tourist furniture set | ||
| Heat-insulating mat | ||
| Sleeping bag | ||
| Economic awning | ||
| Main rope (40 m) | ||
| Auxiliary rope (40 m) | ||
| Tourist buckets (set) | ||
| Primus tourist "Bumblebee" | ||
| Compass liquid | ||
| Storm suit | ||
| Portable radio stations | ||
| Odometer | ||
| Repair kit | ||
| Portable gas stove | ||
| Portable gas cylinder | ||
| Electromegaphone | ||
| Electric flashlight | ||
| Measuring tape | ||
| Canister (10 l) | ||
| Big ax | ||
| Soccer ball | ||
| Volleyball | ||
| Badminton | ||
| Table tennis | ||
| Sports cards, physical, administrative | Tourist atlases, schemes |
For camps by type of tourism (water, mountain, cycling, etc.), the corresponding equipment is added to this list: watercraft, climbing equipment, etc.
APPENDIX No. 5
Typical list of tourist equipment of an educational institution
(Appendix 4 to the order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated April 28, 1995 No. 223)
| P / p No. | Name of equipment and equipment | Quantity |
| Sleeping bag | ||
| Double tent | ||
| Tourist buckets (set) | ||
| Big ax | ||
| Compass liquid | ||
| Campfire equipment | ||
| Sapper shovel | ||
| Primus tourist "Bumblebee" | ||
| Storm suit | ||
| Sports cards, physical, | ||
| Administrative, tourist atlases, schemes | Heat-insulating mat |
