What are the names of 7 miracles of the world. Seven wonders of the world

13.07.2020

Album "from the wonders of the world to the wonders of Russia"

Description: This material will be useful for teachers. It is intended for students of 5 and 6 classes. The material represents useful and interesting information that can be used in the lessons of history and in extracurricular work.
Seven wonders of the world - this is ancient monuments Architectures that are rightfully considered the most great creations of man's hands. The number 7 was chosen far from just like that. It belonged to Apollon and was a symbol of completion, completeness and perfection. At the same time, the traditional genre of Hellenistic poetry was the glorification of the list of the most famous cultural figures - poets, philosophers, kings, commander, etc. or prominent architectural monuments.
The first mentions about the miracles of the world are found precisely in this era, when the victorious troops of Alexander Macedonsky have already passed in Europe. The widespread extension of Greek culture in the territories included in the states that the Great Communist Party won, ensured loud fame to individual monuments and architectural structures. But it should be noted that the "selection" of miracles happened gradually. Some names were replaced by others, and to date, the list of the most majestic works of art and architecture includes:
1. Pyramids Giza
2. Hanging gardens Semiramids
3. Olympic Statue of Zeus
4. Temple of Artemis in Ephesus
5. Galicarnas Mausoleum
6. Colossus Rhodes
7. Alexandrian Mayak

Pyramids Giza
One of the most ancient and, nevertheless, bright miracles of the world are the Great Pyramids located in Giza (Egypt). The complex of Gazean buildings is the greatest architectural monument, ever created by a person. In total, more than a hundred pyramid buildings were found in Egypt, but most of them could not stand the tests of time.

The Pyramid of Cheops
The largest of the Gizaye Pyramid of Heops - the biggest construction structure in the world. Its base represents the square with a side of 127.5 meters. As expected, the initial height of the structure was 146 meters, but several upper stones were destroyed, and today the pyramid is below 9 meters.
Engineering studies have shown that the largest Gizai architecture monument consists of 2.3 million stone blocks, each of which weighs at least 2.5 tons. The total structure is 2.34 million cubic meters. The faces of the pyramids are deployed on the sides of the world, and the entrance is internally located from the north.
A distinctive feature of the structure is that all united building blocks are so well confused to each other, which is even now, after several thousand years, it is impossible to push between them even the finest blade. In addition, the researchers found that the solution that the structural elements was fastened exceeds any modern material in their strength.
Purpose Pyramids
In the pyramid of Cheops, there are no inscriptions, drawings and decorations. There are three cameras inside the structure, in the center of one of which is mounted granite sarcophag. Initially it was assumed that the structure was a tomb. Perennial research was confirmed, then refuted this assumption.
But neither the remains of Pharaoh, nor any utensils or things that, according to the tradition of that time, were buried with the deceased, were not found. True, there is a high probability that the pyramid is simply plundered. However, some details in the hypothesis about the purpose of the structure do not converge with an option about the tomb.
However, I will leave the historians and archaeologists about the origin and objectives of the construction of such an amazing complex of buildings, the entrance to which protects the large Sphinx is the largest monolithic sculpture on the planet. For us, with you the Pyramids of Giza, with which many legends are connected, remain one of the brightest and unusual examples of the flight height of engineering thought.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Babylon's hanging gardens are the second most important miracle of the world. To preleal, this amazing architectural structure did not survive to the present day, but the memory of him still remained.
The attraction is located not far from Baghdad, and today its stone ruins can impress a simple tourist except with their scale. However, history suggests that the construction was one of the most beautiful creatures of humanity.

Amazing gift spouse
The gardens were discovered by Robert Koldohem, which in 1989 spent excavations near Al-Hill. During the archaeological surveys, a branched network of trenches was discovered, and in their cuts, the scientist immediately recognized the legendary architectural monument.
Facts indicate that the hanging gardens were built at the Teling of Nebuchadnezzar II, the board of which falls on the 6th century BC. The best engineers, mathematics and interference inventors in the afternoon and night worked to satisfy the king's request for the creation of a gift for his wife Amitis.
The latter had a mussel origin, and those lands, as we know, were filled with flavors of flowering gardens and green hills. In the stuffy Babylon, the Tsaritsa had fallen, she squeezed in native land. That is why the ruler decided to break the unusual park, which at least a little reminded his wife's native home.
Spores around the Babylonian Miracle
Hanging gardens of the semi-amides were described by many historians of antiquity. But still there are some doubts about the reality of this work of engineering art. For example, Herodotus, who traveled in Mesopotamia somewhere in the V century BC, did not mention this construction. Although, apparently, it was the most majestic and beautiful in Babylon.
Even the chronicles of the city itself do not mention the gardens. However, Beros, Chaldean priest, engaged in annals at the end of the IV century BC. Very bright and clearly designated the construction in his works. It even exists that all historians, including contemporary scientists, relied on its descriptions, and they are too embellished by speculation and judgments of the author.
Some even believe that the Hanging Gardens of Semiramides was confused with similar parks that were created in Ninevei, located on eastern coast Tiber. But the basis of the irrigation system of this monument was the design of the archimedes screws, which was invented in the second century BC, while the construction of the gardens is dated to the VI century.
However, maybe Babylonians had already had an idea of \u200b\u200ba special thread of such a screw, although they called the device differently. And be that as it may, the mystery of the hanging gardens of Semiramids still excites the minds of scientists, archaeologists and historians.

Zeus statue in Olympia
The statue of Zeus in Olympia is the third on the meaning of the miracle of the world, the history of which began long before its creation - in 776 BC Then, for the first time in the temple, which was built in honor of the Father of the Gods, the participants of the next Olympic Games arrived.
Representatives of Malaya Asia, Syria and Sicily, Egypt and, of course, were present at the opening of the greatest in the history of the event. The first sanctuary of Zeus was built 150 km from Athens. But over time, the game acquired an increasing political weight, so Greece rulers decided to build a new temple.

Temple Zeus
Construction continued over 15 years, and in 456 BC. The world saw one of the most monumental and beautiful houses of Zeus. The project developed the most famous antique architect - Le Bon, whose creation had all the signs of the famous Greek sanctuations, but exceeded their scope.
The temple building was installed on a high rectangular platform. The roof was maintained with 13 majestic columns with a height of about 10 m and a diameter of at least 2 m, and in total there were as many as 34.
Creation Fidia
The Government of Eldlas invited Fididi into Athens, the famous sculptor, who managed to create something excellent - the statue of Zeus. The whole ancient world flew about this work on this work of art, and the masterpiece took its place in the list of miracles of the world.
Creating a statue dates back to 440th BC. The sculpture of the fathers of the gods was created mainly from the selected ivory. According to the description of eyewitnesses, who managed to find a statue in "good health", it had very impressive sizes.
Its height was at least 15 m, about 200 kg of gold was present in the design, the modern cash equivalent of which exceeds $ 8 million. Opening of the statue of Zeus Olympic falls for 435 BC.
Fate Statue Zeus
Historical sources argue that in the second half of the 4th century AD. The temple of Zeus was closed by the Roman emperor Feodosius, who was a Christian and disliked reflected in the pagan beliefs of the Greeks.
In 363, the statue was transported to Constantinople. Although some facts indicate that this architectural monument did not survive the looting and destruction of the temple, which took place at the end of the V century.
In 1875, the remains of the temple of Zeus were found, and in 1950, archaeologists discovered the workshop of Fidia. Careful research of the place where the architectural monument was found was allowed to recreate the temple itself, and the statue of the Zeus Olympic.

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
The ancient Greek Ephesus knew the period of unprecedented heyday. Founded in the XII century BC, the city was the largest center of trade and radiated wealth and prosperity. Patronized Artemis. She, as you know, was the goddess of fertility and the patroness of animals, the guardian of the fever and hunters. Holy honorable it, the townspeople decided to build a majestic temple in honor of Artemis, which, moreover, was to significantly increase the income of the city.

Construction of shrines
In the VI century BC. Harsifron arrived in Ephesifron, the famous architect. It is he who owns the idea of \u200b\u200bbuilding a building from marble. According to his plan, the temple should have gone to two rows of impressive columns. At the same time, the master, apparently, possessed an outstanding engineering mind, since the project is the most difficult and at the same time original of all that was developed at that time. Since the city was rich and could afford to build such a big and expensive building.
But there was one obstacle - there was still no deposit found, able to satisfy the appetites of the project. But soon, thanks to the occasion, a sufficient number of stone was found, and the temple was successfully built. A single place in the construction of the building deserve just monolithic marble columns. They were transported here straight from the Kamenolomen, located ten kilometers from the construction site. The foundation of the temple is the highest aerobatic of engineering thought.
The building was built on a swampy terrain, since still alive was the sad memory of the earthquakes who fell on Ellad. At the site of the future structure, a huge pitan was died, which builders filled with charcoal and wool. This and plus a very unorthodox foundation of the temple was to become a guarantee that the building would be with underground jogging of any power.
In the main hall of the temple, an amazing beauty was established by the statue of the goddess Artemis, the height of which was about 15 meters. She was very expensive because it was completely and near her inlaid with precious stones and gold. An outstanding Greek artists and sculptors took part in the decoration of the building. Rumors about the beautiful shrine rapidly spread throughout the ancient world, and later the temple of Artemis became one of the seven wonders of the world.
The fate of the temple
It should be noted that the Harsphon did not have time to bring the construction to the end. But the case continued his son, and after - the architects of Peonitis and Demetrius. And here about 450 BC. The world saw an unsurpassed temple of Artemis. It is said that if he was preserved for this day, he could eclipse any of the current masterpieces of architectural art. But, unfortunately, in 356 BC Herostrat, obsessed with the idea to become famous at all costs, arranged a fire in the building.
The building was almost completely destroyed, naturally, with the exception of those elements of the design that were made of marble. After that, the temple of Artemis was reborn several times and stopped his existence again. But in 263 BC. He was last looted by Gotami. Finally, the "marble" health of the construction was broken by the swampy soil, as well as the river Kayshthor, which took place nearby. And to restore the initial appearance of the building, scientists from all over the world needed several decades.

mausoleum in Halicarnassus
Galicarnassky Mausoleum is the same age of the second temple of Artemis. The same persons were taken part in its construction that they were restored by the shrine after a fire arranged by Herostrate. The building is Ziggurit, that is, both the tomb, and the sanctuary, and the monument. It should be noted that the name "Mausoleum" occurs on behalf of the powerful and cruel ruler of the Karia - Malsol.

Start of construction
Despite the fact that already in the 4th century BC The state was the colony of the Persian Empire, Malsol rules powerfully and stubbornly, trying not to fade under imperial pressure. His position was so strong, and the bonds are so wide that even after the suppression of the rebellion raised by him, he managed to stay on the throne. During the reign of the energetic and ambitious king, Helicarnas turned into the capital of Karya.
At the same time, the construction of the tomb, which subsequently entered the list of seven most famous attractions of the ancient world, was started long before the death of the ruler - approximately in 353 BC. The Mausoleum project was developed by Greek architects - satire and Pyfe. For the design of the construction, the sculptors Timofey, Leochar, Skas and Brixide were hired. And in total, the construction of hundreds of talented masters, whose names, unfortunately, were not preserved in history.
R okudskaya tomb for the king
The tomb was an impressive architectural complex with his own courtyard. The center of the latter was installed a stone platform. A wide staircase guarded by stone lions was led to the top. Inside the building was decorated with bas-reliefs, depicting scenes from ancient Greek legends and legends. The external walls of the mausoleum covered the sculptures of the gods and the goddesses, and in the corners of the facilities, the huge guards of the warriors squeezed out of stone.
Vastly Zigurat Marble Chariot, driven by a four massive horses. The statues of the catchers were depicted by Malsol himself and his sister-spouse Artemuscia. The height of this sculpture was about 6 meters, and the pyramidal roof of the tomb was maintained by 36,7-meter monolithic columns.
Fate Mausoleum in Galicarneas
When the Karya ruler died, the construction of the mausoleum was not yet completed, and fully finishing the premises was over only 350 BC. The tomb survived the conquest of Galicarnas Macedonian, and the attack of pirates in the early I Millennium. But at the beginning of the 15th century, Maltese at the beginning of the XV century, who finally destroyed the building, taking marble and stone slabs for the construction of the Fortress of St. Peter, which was located at the very place where the Palace of Malsol and Artemism stood. By the end of the XVI century, one base remained from the mausoleum.
Excavations of the tomb of Mausol, who led Kristian Jeplezen, were completed only in 1966-1977. According to the found bas-reliefs, statues and other elements of the situation and the design, the appearance of the Mausoleum was restored. His project served as the basis for the construction of a municipality building in Los Angeles, a memorial soldiers in Indiana, the London Church of St. George and many other architectural monuments of modernity.

The Colossus of Rhodes
Rhodes was the major economic center of the ancient world. Located by southwest coast He often acted as a tallery piece for the rulers of neighboring powers. So, in 357 BC. The famous king Mavlos became the new ruler of the city, and after 17 years the city fell into possession of the Persian Empire. In 322 BC Rhodes was conquered by Alexander Macedonian, but after his death, civilians began between the heirs of the Great Communion and one of them - the Antigonus - sent her son Demetrius to capture and destroyed the rebellious city.

It should be noted that a long siege did not succeed, and the commander was forced to retreat. On the shores of his warriors threw a huge siege tower, which was a real engineering miracle of that time, and enterprising immediately decided to sell it. The money was decided to build a statue of Helios - the patron of Rhodes to hurt the praise of the Sun God for saving the city from the invaders.
The beginning of the construction of a statue accounts for approximately 304 BC. The creation of a colossus was instructed by Harez, a student of the famous antique sculptor of Lisippa. It was proposed to portray Helios standing, and in his left hand he had to keep the covers with the rest of the earth, and the right to cover his eyes from the Sun. Despite the fact that such a posture did not match some canons of the sculpture of that time, the master understood that a huge statue would not hold on her legs if the colossus would point into his hand in the distance.
Three massive stone pillar served as the basis of the 36-meter sculpture. They were fastened with iron beams at the level of the shoulder of the colossus, which should have been sustainable. Construction continued for 12 years, after which the world saw the greatest statue whose head was decorated with a radiant crown.
The death of Colossus
Literally through half a century, the island was the strongest earthquake, and the legs of the colossus of Rhodes were abandoned. The statue of God fell into the sea and lay on the coast of about 1000 years. The defeated giant has become legends, but in 977 AD. He was decided to disassemble, remember and sell. In the chronicles, the data is preserved that for the bronze crossing, which the statue was finished, it took 900 camels.
Modern interpretations of the Great Statue
Colossus Rhodes entered the list of seven wonders of the world. Currently, even some measures to restore a huge statue are being taken. According to some given data, the cost of modern sculpture of Helios will be about 200 million euros. However, the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating monumental sculptures according to the example of a colossus of the Rhodes was used much earlier - a statue of a woman holding a huge torch in the hands of hands is installed in the New York Bay. This monument is more famous for the world as a statue of freedom, but the basis of its creation was the image of the Rhodic masterpiece.

Alexandrian lighthouse
The story of the seventh miracle of light - Alexandrian Mayak - is related to the basis of 332 BC. Alexandria, cities, which was named after the great Roman commander Alexander Macedonsky. It should be noted that throughout his career the conqueror founded about 17 cities with similar names, but only the Egyptian project managed to live until today.

The foundation of the city into the glory of the Great Communion
Macedonian selected a place for the founding of Egyptian Alexandria very carefully. He did not like the idea of \u200b\u200bthe location in the Nile Delta, and therefore it was decided to break the first construction sites in 20 miles to the south, near Mareotis wetland. Alexandria was supposed to have two big harbor - one was intended for merchant ships coming from Mediterranean Seaand the second - for ships going on the Nile.
After the death of Alexander Macedonsky in 332 BC The city passed under the power of Ptolemy I Sothera - the new ruler of Egypt. During this period, Alexandria has turned into a prosperous trading port. In 290 BC Ptolemy ordered to build a huge lighthouse on the island of Faros, which would cover the way in the harbor of the city ships in the dark and in bad weather.
Construction of a lighthouse on the island of Faros
Construction of Alexandrian lighthouse dates back to the IV century BC, but the system of signaling lights appeared only in the first century BC. The creator of this masterpiece of engineering and architectural art is the Costrath, a resident of the book. The works continued a little over 20 years, and as a result, Alexandrian lighthouse became the world's first structure in the world and the most high building Antique world, not counting, of course, Gizayi pyramids.
The height of Alexandrian lighthouse was approximately 450-600 feet. At the same time, the structure was absolutely not like any of the architecture monument at that time. The building was a three-core tower, the walls of which were folded from marble plates bonded by lead mortar. The most complete description of the Alexandrian lighthouse was Abu Al Andalusi - the famous arab traveler - In 1166. He noted that the lighthouse in addition to the fulfillment of purely practical functions served as a very noticeable attraction.
Fate of the Great Lighthouse
Farosky Mayak Illuminated the path of marigors for over 1500 years. But strong underground shocks in 365, 956 and 1303 AD. The building was strongly damaged, and the most powerful earthquake of 1326 finally destroyed one of the greatest architectural structures of the world. In 1994, the remains of Alexandrian lighthouse were found by archaeologists, and later the image of the structure was more or less successfully restored using computer simulation.

New 7 Wonders of Light

The classic list of 7 miracles of the world appeared in the third century BC. It included the greatest architectural and historical and cultural monuments of the ancient world. But the years went, and all new and new wondermen appeared in the world, which today can also be considered miracles of light, that is, the most outstanding creations of a person.
And 2001 was marked by the start of the New Open World Corporation project. Its main purpose was the choice of modern miracles of the world, worthy of all in the story forever. So, the winners of the competition on July 7, 2007 were:
1. Great Wall
2. Taj Mahal
3. Colosseum
4. Machu Picchu
5. Peter.
6. Chichen-ita
7. Statue of Christ-Redeemer

The great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China is one of the most oldest structures preserved to the present days, which in its grandiose and greatness has no analogues even in the modern world. Her history is rooted in the V century BC, the time that was noted by the collapse of the Zhou state.
There were many small kingdoms in his place, which immediately began a bloody internecine struggle with each other for the heritage of the Great Empire. It was during this period "the warring kingdoms" and the first pitched and eldcled shafts were erected to strengthen the boundaries from aggressive neighbors.

Start of construction
And here in 221 BC. The ruler of one of the kingdoms - Qin - the Great Shea Huangdi managed to pacify the long-term blood enmity. He was proclaimed the first Chinese emperor and for 11 years of his reign created a state with an effective management and justice system. It is him that the idea of \u200b\u200bconnecting the defensive structures in the north of the Empire has already existed in the north of the Empire.
And on the orders of the mistress, his army, consisting of 300,000 soldiers, as well as about a million prisoners and slaves began to build the fortress walls. The Great Wall of China was built using a wide variety of building technologies. To protect even unfinished fortifications in the construction site area, numerous garrisons were keptically carried.
Shi Huangdi
After the death of Shi Huangdi, his successors continued - the emperors of the Han dynasty, who not only follow the maintenance of the structure in a proper order, but also engaged in lengthening the wall. The last important stage in the construction of the Great Wall of China falls on the era of the Board of the Imperial Dynasty Min, on 1368-1644.
From the middle of the XVII century, the need for disappeared, and the time and natural factors immediately took up his stone sides. But, fortunately, most of the wall has survived to this day. Moreover, the Government of China at one time has invested huge amounts in its reconstruction.
New miracle of light
Already during the reign of the Ming Dynasty, the fortifications stretched from the Fortress of Shanhaiguan, located on the shore of the Bohawan Strait, to Jiayuiguan in the north-west Gansu province. Today the length of the wall is a total of 8,851.8 kilometers, which is absolute and, most likely, an invincible record in construction.
In 1962, the Great Wall of China took an honorable place in the list of National Monuments of China, and in 1987 she was accepted in a general list. world Heritage UNESCO. It should be noted that this is the only structure that can be seen from the near-earth orbit without the use of any optical devices. And in July 2007, the wall entered the list of new wonders of the world, as one of the most impressive buildings in the history of mankind.

Mausoleum Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal is absolutely not in vain called architectural pearl India. More majestic and lush buildings will not meet in the whole country. This mausoleum personifies the memory of the delicate love of the Muslim ruler of Shah Jakhan to his wife - a fabulous beauty to the woman named Mumtaz Mahal. The future king of the Great Mughal was still a young prince when at the beginning of the XVII century he took his wife a nineteen-year-old beauty. Newlyweds gently loved each other and, despite the fact that the king had a huge harem, he simply did not pay attention to other women.

Prehistory of construction
Favorite spouse gave birth to Shahu Jakhan six daughters and eight sons, but numerous births dredied the health of women, so when the fourteenth child appeared on the world, it was not. The king's grief was so great that he wasveling to reduce the scores with life. But responsibility for the state and other reasons kept the ruler in this world. Literally in the eyes of his suite, he has developed, and soon two-year-old mourning was announced throughout the state, during which there was no place for holidays, dances, music and fun.
"Indian Pearl"
Somewhat later in the capital of the Mogolskaya Empire - Agra - Grand Mausoleum was erected. The construction of the Taj Mahal lasted for more than 20 years. More than 20 thousand people worked at the construction site, including on a par with all the best Persian, Turkish, Samarkand and, of course, Indian architects and architects worked. The project was completed in 1653, and since then this amazing structure attracts millions of researchers and travelers.
Inside the Taj Mahal there are two tips - Shah and his spouses. But in fact, the burial is underground. Mausoleum is a five-populated building with a height of 74 meters. It is located on a platform with 4 minarets that are tilted away from the tomb, and adjacent to the construction of amazing beauty garden with an abundance of fountains and a swimming pool. The walls of the Taj Mahal were laid out of a translucent polished marble, which was brought to the construction site from a unique field 300 km from Agra.
The greatest monument of architecture
The Great Mausoleum has been preserved for this day. It is one of the most majestic and beautiful structures on the planet. Tens of thousands of tourists visit him daily, at the expense of which the Indian Pearl replenishes the state treasury with considerable means. During the year, Taj Mahal takes about 5 million visitors. In order to preserve the architectural monument, the road traffic in the Taj Mahala area was prohibited.
Not so long ago, cracked were found in the walls of the Taj Mahal. Scientists believe that the destruction of the building is associated with the crime of Jamna - the river flowing in close proximity to it. But, nevertheless, Taj Mahal remains one of the most unusual and majestic structures in the world. It was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and in July 2007, he took an honorable place among the new wonders of the world.

Coliseum
The Colosseum is one of the most majestic amphithers ever built by man. This famous Ancient Roman monument and this day towers in the middle of modern buildings of the Italian capital. Very long, the Colosseum played in the life of citizens and guests of Rome a very important cultural role. A huge number of people were gathered on his stands, which was craving for one - bright and exciting spectacles. It was here that there were gladiatorial battles and animal tribes, sports competitions and numbers.

Beginning of the History of Amphitheater Flaviev
The Colosseum is located on the Kolelyvsky, Palatinsky and Eskvilin hills, that is, where there used to be a pond of the Golden House of Nero. Originally, the construction was called the Amphitheater of Flaviev (in honor of his founders) of the famous imperial dynasty. Construction continued for 8 years, and approximately in 80 AD. The world saw one of the most accomplished arena.
Like any other Roman building of this type, the Colosseum has the form of an ellipse, in the center of which is the Arena, and its stands are equipped as a concentric rings. The perimeter of the outer ellipse of the Roman Arena is 524 m, the large and small axis have a length of 187.7 and 155.64 m, and the height of the amphitheater walls is approaching the mark of 50 m. The results of the simplest calculations show that the Colosseum could easily accommodate about 50 thousand. Spectators. It is the most ambitious arena in the world, not counting modern stadiums that can accommodate and over 100 thousand people.
The fate of the world's greatest arena
The Colosseum was deservedly considered a symbol of Roman greatness. The philosophers said that while he was standing, and the Great Empire would stand. Back in 264, during the reign of the Department, the Millennium of Rome was celebrated in the Amphitheater. History indicates that about 40 wild horses, more than 30 elephants, 60 lions and many other wild animals were killed in this era of the arena. In 405, the gladiatorial battles were banned by Emperor Gonenim, and the Colosseum removed the laurels of the greatest arena of the world.
Closer to the end of the XIII century, the Roman amphitheater was turned into a quarry. At the same time, 23 estates for aristocratic families were built from it. In the XIV-XV centuries from the disassembled parts of the Colosseum, the Italians erected 6 churches, and at the end of the XV century, the Office of the Pope of the Roman was built from the material of the Colosseum. In the middle of the XVI century, the architectural elements of the amphitheater served as the basis for some Roman bridges. In 1744, the Colosseum in honor of the early Christian martyrs was covered, and in the center of the Arena installed a cross.
In July 2007, the Amphitheater was adopted in the list of new wonders of the world. Today, he is the most famous historical and architectural monument of Rome, annually attracting tens of thousands of tourists from around the world.

Machu Picchu
On the territory of modern Peru there is one old mountain peak, which the Indians called Machu Picchu. It is located at an altitude of 2450 meters above sea level, opening an amazing beauty view of the Valley of the Urumamba River. It is here, at the foot of Machu-Picchu Mount, one of the oldest cities, which is often called the "city among the clouds".

The origin of the "city in heaven"
Archaeologists believe that this lost city Incov was created as the winter residence of the ruler of this ancient people - Pachaktec - literally in the century before the Spaniards came here. In 1532, when brave conquistadors and rampant gold adventurers invaded the Empire of Inca, all the inhabitants of the city mysteriously disappeared.
Machu-Picchu was one of the three houses of Pachektec and continued the role of shrine. The city had very modest sizes and accompanied about 200 buildings. Urban buildings were built out of high-quality treated stone blocks, fitted in each other. Stolplytno that most buildings Machu Picchu have been preserved until now. An abandoned settlement was accidentally discovered only at the beginning of the 20th century by the American archaeologist High Bingham. A few decades later found the legendary trail of the Inca, leading through the Urumamba Valley straight to the city.
Sights of the Residence Ruler Incas
The highlight of the ancient city is the extensive terraces, on which the Incas were engaged in agriculture. "Decorated room", found from the western wall of the main temple, is a vivid evidence of how skillful this people was. The foundation of the room is made of two impressive stone blocks with outstretched three-dimensional vertices.
The temple of three windows is the most mysterious factor of Machu Picchu. According to the Bingham hypothesis, the trapezoidal windows overlooking the East were the symbols of the house of Pachaktec ancestors. But since the architectural style of the city refers to the late Incan period, the accuracy of such an assumption causes certain doubts from archaeologists.
The new miracle of the light Machu Picchu received the status of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, after which turned into a lively center of mass tourism. Daily city attended about 2,000 travelers. But in order to preserve the city of UNESCO demanded to reduce the number of visitors to 800 people per day. On July 7, 2007, Machu-Picchu was selected in the list of new wonders of the world, and since February 2012, it was excluded from the list of World Heritage Objects, which are threatened.

Rocky town of Peter
Ancient city Peter is one of the most amazing architecture memos. It is carved in a solid stone rock, and around his origin is a huge amount of secrets and shortcoming. It is believed that the city was founded by nabbeans - nomadic tribes, which in the VI-IV centuries BC It was possible to subjugate a huge territory on which today is located Jordan, Syria and Israel.

great city in desert
Due to its advantageous location at the intersection of the wide trade routes of Peter over the years, flourished and rich. For many years, he was a real salvation for merchants and travelers from the scorching sun. However, in the IV century BC. For unknown, so far reasons were abandoned. Perhaps the inhabitants kicked out the lack of water from the cool stone shadow. But most likely the city was left due to the loss of significance of its location in the very depths of the rocky Jordanian desert.
Peter is cut in a rock from red sandstone. Externally, architectural elements, preserved to our time, resemble Roman architecture. On the territory of the city archaeologists managed to find many temples, palaces, tombs and even an antique theater. The structures of Petras were built over the centuries, so there is an incredible interweaving of the culture of various eras.
At different times, Prew owned the idumes, Nabotes, Romans, Byzantines and Arabs, and in the XII century BC. The city captured the Crusaders. After the VI century AD. Construction ceased, and gradually one of the most amazing settlements on the planet was empty. The first European, who visited the famous city is the Swiss traveler Johann Burkhardt. It is thanks to him that a detailed description of the structure of Petra has been preserved, as well as sketches of some of its attractions.
Main attractions
The main urban attraction is the treasury - a huge building with a solid facade carved from the cliff. Cause the admiration and magnificent colonnade with an amphitheater, crowded by a kilometer Canyon Sik. They are the legacy of Roman culture in the history of Petra. Also should be noted the aqueduct, which supplied water to the city. He was the most complex system of terracotta pipes, which were collected by moisture from all sources located within a radius of 25 km from the city.
Separate attention deserves Ed-Dair - a huge monastery, cut down right in the rock on the top of the highest rock in the canyon. For a while he served even the Christian temple. Conducting the excavation of the monastery, archaeologists found here the tomb of the Nabatoy king. It is possible to climb it in stone staircase consisting of 800 steps.
Center for mass tourism and a new miracle of light
Today, Peter is one of the busiest tourism centers in the world. About half a million people who wanted to see this amazing creation of hands of man with their own way every year. In July 2007, Peter, a few previously entered the UNESCO World Heritage List, became one of the new wonders of the world.

Chichen Itsa
Chichen Itsa - sacred city Maya is located 75 miles in the eastern direction from Merida - the capital of Yucatan. Archaeologists consider the ancient settlement, which occupies the area of \u200b\u200babout 6 square miles, one of the greatest in the world architectural monuments. Earlier there were several hundred structures here, but before our time most of them were not preserved. The surviving buildings, which are about 30, are of a huge interest for archaeologists, scientists and researchers.

Ancient Center for Culture and Religion
The remains of the city archaeologists are conventionally divided into two parts - in the first the buildings were built by Mayan approximately in the VI-VII centuries of AD, the second is a monument to Toltec culture, which lived in Yukotan in the X-XI centuries. Apparently, the population of Chichen-Itsi experienced a rather acute lack of water. This is evidenced by numerous seats - wells with steep smooth walls.
It was during the Mayan period that is associated with the unprecedented flowering of science and art, the city acquired the high status of the cultural and religious center. This is a bright confirmation of this construction, built in this period - a deer house, a monastery and church, Akab Djib, a house fell, the temple with three jumpers and a red house. After the Mayan civilization fell into decay, the reasons for which are still shrouded with a dense shadow of mysteries and secrets, cities like Chichen-Ice, were used for burials and carrying out some rituals.
Symbols of the city
One of the most famous buildings preserved in Chichen Ice is the Pyramid of the Cukulkana, which local residents often called El Castillo. The height of the structure is 23 m. On the day of spring and autumnal equinels, the Sun lights the western balustrade of the main staircase so that the image of 7 of the equilibrium triangles placed in a special order is formed. With attentive consideration it becomes clear that the figure that the sun's rays create is best like a huge snake crawling towards his head. And to see this exciting spectacle, annually on March 20 and September 21 thousands of tourists gather here.
Another attraction - Wuho de Pelota - is the largest playground ever created by Maya. It should be noted that there are eight eight such structures in the city, but the "big box for playing the ball" significantly exceeds them in size - its length is 135 m. Special attention is attracted by paintings cut on the walls that protect WEGO de Pelota. They depict a very cruel scene, and scientists believe that they are directly related either with the practice of sacrifice, or with the illustration of the game serving the replacement of bloody war.
Fate of the city
After 1194, Chichen Itza finally empty, and around the fact that there was a reason for the care of residents of the city, numerous rumors and legends go. It should be noted that the rigid policy of the Spaniards, fired in the XI century in America, assumed the execution of Maja's clergymen, as well as the destruction of ancient books and manuscripts. Therefore, no more and less believable information about the mysterious history of this ancient civilization has not come to this day.

Statue of Christ the Redeemer
The statue of Christ-Redeemer is installed on the top of the Corcovado mountain in Rio de Janeiro. The monument is a symbol of the city and Brazil. Every year, millions of travelers and tourists come here, so that with their own eyes to see the majestic statue of Christ, as if taking the entire modern world in their arms.

Construction of Monument
The history of the monument leaves the roots in the XVI century, when Portuguese navigators dubbed the peak of Corcovado "Mountain Temptation". In 1921 (a year before the anniversary of Brazil's independence), the well-known edition of Cruiseiro announced the collection of funds for the construction of the monument, as a result of which more than 2 million flights were collected.
The draft Statue of Christ-Redeemer developed Carlos Oswald. In 1927, the first monument models were designed, and all the necessary calculations performed the Costa Hices. The construction of the monument was attended by Pedro Vyang and Either Levi, as well as the sculptor Paul Landovsky, who modeled and made a gypsum head and the hands of the statue.
The whole army of engineers and technicians worked on the creation of the sculpture. The steel frame of the monument was decided to replace the reinforced concrete, and the outer layer of the monument was made of soap stone specially imported in Rio de Janeiro from the Swedish Lymhamn field.
Construction lasted about 9 years, and in 1931 the world saw the majestic statue of Christ-Redeemer, which for a long time was not equal in scale all over the world. The height of the monument is 38 meters, and the weight of the entire structure, taking into account the base exceeds 1100 tons. The scope of the statue of the statue is about 23 meters, and the head and the hands of Christ-the Redeemer weigh about 54 tons.
The majestic history of the statue of Christ-Redeemer
In 1965, the monument was consecrated by Pope Paul VI, and in 1981, on the day of the 50th anniversary of the monument, John Paul II was present at the solemn festival. The statue of Christ-Redeemer was renovated three times - in 1980, 1990 and 2010. In 1932 and 2000, the night lighting system of the statue was modernized, and today it is highlighted in a special way against the background of the starry sky at night.
It should be noted that the statue of Christ the Redeemer passed the strongest storm in July 2008, which destroyed several nearby Rio quarters. The monument saved the very soapy stone, which performed as a dielectric and redeemed the lightning discharge on the surface of the statue. To date, the monument is in excellent condition.
The statue of Christ-the Redeemer took an honorary place in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and on July 7, 2007, on the initiative of the New Open World Corporation, it was included in the list of new miracles of the world.

7 wonders of Russia: the greatness and beauty of the country

Seven wonders of the world knows everyone. Their history is studying scientists from the whole planet, a lot of scientific papers are written about them, they are dedicated to presentations, reports, reports, chapters in textbooks. With each of the unusual world heritage sites of Russia and UNESCO, secrets and legends are connected, there are many facts and unconfirmed information. On June 12, 2008, the world learned about the fact that 7 wonders of Russia were made public, it was quite difficult to choose these objects from a huge number of ancient, mysterious, mystical and simply beautiful places. The project aimed at identifying the most beautiful places of Russia was initiated by the newspaper "Izvestia" in the Commonwealth with a radio station "Mayak" and the Russian TV channel in 2007. In 2008, the most significant and amazing sights of the country were chosen as a result of a nationwide vote - 7 wonders of Russia.
The list of 7 wonders of Russia includes: 1. Pullets of weathering Mago Pup-Ner in the Komi Republic. 2. Peak Elbrus in Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria. 3. Lake Baikal in Buryatia. 4. Valley of geysers on the Kamchatka Peninsula. 5. Mamaev Kurgan, Motherland Monument. 6. Monument of palace and park art Peterhof, St. Petersburg. 7. Cathedral of Basil Blessed, Moscow.
Of the seven wonders of the world in Russia 4 refer to the class of natural objects, three to architectural monuments and park arts.

Lake Baikal, Buryatia
In Buryatia, where Lake Baikal is located, he is called Baigal Dalai or Baigal Nuur. The deepest lake of the world has a tectonic origin and is an object under the protection of UNESCO. Baikal included in 7 wonders of Russia is often called the sea - its sizes are really impressive: width from 24 to 80 km, length 632 km. The form of a majestic and very beautiful reservoir itself is interesting - in the form of a crescent.

Interesting to know. The crystal purity of the waters of the "Batyushka Baikal", the participant of the great seven of the wonders of Russia, is unique, to see each pebble possible at 40 meter depth, and the minimum amount of mineral salts allows the use of Baikal water as distilled.
The name "Batyushka Baikal" Object 7 wonders of Russia received due to ancient legend. Baikal had 336 sons and only one daughter - hangar. Sons constantly replenished with their waters Baikal, and Angara gave her waters to Yenisei, who loved. The angry Baikal cursed the daughter of the hangar, dropping the shaman-stone into her source.

Valley Geysers, Kamchatka Territory
The valley of geysers is harnessed in one of the volcanic gorges of the Kronotsky Reserve, it is possible to get to it only by helicopter. 250 kilometers on the way over the tundra, ridges, hillocks, the taped spices and acidic lakes - and the person falls into another world filled with fountains of whining vapors, light smells of sulfur and rain splashes that transfuse all the colors of the rainbow. Passing along a pedestrian path with wooden flooring, you can observe 30 major geysers and many small sources emitting for tens of meters up jet boiling water (+95 ° C). Hot mud boilers are preserved. Because of the well-haired soil, the slopes of the valley of the riveted greenery and trees. For the bottom of the gorge, the Geyser River flows, which never freezes.

Mamaev Kurgan and Motherland-Mother, Volgograd region

During the Great Patriotic War, Mamaev Kurgan became the arena of bloody battle. The struggle for Mamaev Kurgan, marked on military topographic maps as "height-102.0", lasted 135 days from 200 days of the Stalingrad battle. In 1959 - 1967, a memorial complex was erected at this place - "Heroes of the Stalingrad Battle". On the hill, in the fraternal grave found the eternal peace of 34,505 soldiers. From the foot of the top of the Kurgan lead 200 granite steps (by the number of days of battle). Here is the statue of "Motherland-Mother calling!". It is a figure of a woman with a height of 87 meters with a raised sword in his hands. This is one of the highest monuments in the world. (For comparison: the height of the statue of freedom in the United States reaches only 46 meters). The figure of the mother's female is an allegorical symbol of the Motherland, calling her sons to fight against the enemy.

Peterhof, St. Petersburg

Founded in the 1710th Emperor Peter I, Peterhof became a luxurious royal residence and a peculiar triumphal monument, symbolizing the successful exit of Russia to Baltic Sea.. The unified ensemble combined palaces, alleys, elegant sculptures and greenhouses with wonderful plants. But the main pride of Peterhof is his fountains. 176 fountains and 4 cascades work without a single pump. Hydrailk Engineer V. Touvolkov created a unique fountain waterwater: 20 km from here, sources are beaten, of which water due to the height difference flows across the channels and gateways to the pools, and from there on underground pipes rushes to the fountains and cascades of Peterhof.

Cathedral Vasily Blyzhenny, Moscow

The Cathedral of Basil Blessed is the same symbol of Russia and Moscow as the Eiffel Tower - for Paris and France, the Statue of Freedom - for the US and New York or Taj Mahal - for India and Agra. The Cathedral of Basil Blessed was built by Ivan Grozny in 1555-1561 as a sign of victory over Kazan Khanate. In terms of the temple is an eight-pointed star: 8 churches symbolize 8 days per day of decisive battles for Kazan. They are grouped around the 9th, central church, personifying the state idea of \u200b\u200bthe king about the united lands. The name of the cathedral was given a chapel attached in 1588 and consecrated in honor of Vasily blissful.

Wrapping pillars, komi

The top of the Many Pup-Ner Mountain crowned the remains of bizarre forms. These giant pillars with a height of 30 to 42 meters were created within 200 million years under the influence of water and wind. According to the legend, the pillars were giants who wanted to destroy the local people - Mansi. But as soon as their leader-Shaman saw the sacred mountain - Mago Pup-Ner, threw his tomb in horror, and his companions turned into stonestores.

Elbrus, Caucasus

At the border of the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia there is a two-headed Elbrus - the highest point of Russia. The height of the Western Top of Elbrus is 5642 m, and the Eastern - 5621 m. Mountain is famous for its glaciers that feed mountain rivers, mineral springs, stretching at the foot and fascinating species. Few mountains of volcanic origin are superior to Elbrus in height: so highest top Africa - Kilimanjaro volcano - only 253 meters above the "Russian Miracle".
The summary of the lesson of the history of Russia in grade 8. Internal policy of Alexander I

New seven wonders of the world - a project, the purpose of which was to search for modern seven wonders of the world. The election of the new seven "miracles of the world" from the famous architectural structures of the world occurred through SMS, telephone or the Internet. In total, 90 million people around the world took part in the choice of new wonders of the world. The result was announced on July 7, 2007 in Lisbon. The results of this voting caused indignation, because many no less beautiful and famous sights did not enter the final. Nevertheless, here it is a seven in the form, in which it was determined by the voting. We admire and evaluate, as well as share your impressions in the comments. About many miracles on lifeglobe detailed stories, with many interesting facts and photos. To get there, just just follow the links to the article.

Competition "7 new wonders of the world" was organized by the Non-Profit Organization of New Open World Corporation (Nowc) on the initiative of the Swiss Bernard Verber. July 7, 2007, on the day "Three Seeds", in the capital of Portugal Lisbon, new seven wonders of the world were named. They became the Great Wall of the Wall, Roman Colosseum, Taj Mahal, the city of Peter in Jordan, the statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro, the city of Indians Machu-Picchu in Peru and Pyramid Maya in the city of Chichen Itsa (Mexico). We drag about each of the wonders of the light.

the great Wall of China

The largest monument of architecture passing through China for 8851.8 km. This construction is rightfully considered to be the greatest achievement of world civilization. Great Chinese Wall Truly unique, and is surrounded by a variety of mysteries. According to the Grand Construction, the Great Wall of China does not know equal in the history of world architecture. From the highest points you can admire the breathtaking view of the panorama.

For a long time, there was a myth that the Great Wall is the only construction that can be seen from space. However, it turned out to be only delusion. The myth that the Great Wall of China is the only construction created by a person who can be seen from the space was quite a long time in China. When American astronauts stated that they could not detect it from space, many in the PRC wrote off this that astronauts are foreigners. But later, the first Chinese cosmonaut Jan Lyvay and, finally, the second pair of Chinese "Taykonavtov" confirmed the disappointing observations of the Americans.

Coliseum

Representatives of UNESCO also do not recognize the results of this vote. Such a decision in this organization justified the opportunity to take part in the voting was far from all residents of the Earth. In many regions of the world of mobile phones and the Internet, there is still no.

The Vatican, accused of organizers of the Internet voting for seven new wonders of the world, expressed his own note of the protest for seven new wonders of the world in intentional ignoring Christian monuments. Although in the short list of applicants, the monumental statue of Christ of the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro and the Moscow temple of Vasily Blessed, in Rome are convinced that these works of art fell into the list of finalists only thanks to the political pressure of these two countries, the London newspaper The Times notes.

February 3, 2013 | Categories: Places, Story, Topper, Architecture

Rating: +33 Article author: Koller Views: 338106

For a long time, the wise men and the travelers made a list of 7 wonders of the world, the most beautiful and most majestic ones were listed in the list of the structure of the whole world.

The most majestic buildings of antiquity - the seven wonders of the world

Initially, in the 5th century BC. The list had only 3 miracles of the world. After that, in the 3rd century BC, thanks to the poem of Antipatra from Sidon, another 4 miracles of the world were listed in the list, and so the list received the name 7 wonders of the world. This list is 7 wonders of the world:

The Pyramid of Cheops

This pyramid is the largest of all Egyptian pyramids and the most popular among 7 miracles of the world. She was erected in 2540 BC. e.

The height of this giant is approximately 138.75 m. The most severe stone module of the pyramid weighs 15 tons. Imagine! The pyramid consists of 2.5 million blocks that weigh 2.5 tons each.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

This miracle of light still has one name - the hanging gardens Amitis, so called the spouse of the king of Babylon. For her, these gardens were created. The Babylonian ruler, Navudojdonosor II two times giving the city to his opponent, decided to combine his strength with the king of the Mussel. Winning War, Nebuchadnezzar II and the ruler of the Mussels divide the area of \u200b\u200bAssyria.

To confirm the Military Alliance Nebuchadnezzar II marries the daughter of the Midydian Tsar - Amitis. Amitis, who got used to green gardens, was not satisfied with the "dusty" Babylon and to console his spouse, Nebuchadnezzar builds her hanging gardens.

The third of the seven wonders of the world - the statue of Zeus in Olympia

This statue was performed in the temple of Zeus ingenious architect fid. The temple was much earlier built than the statue itself.

On the construction of only the temple took 10 years only this fact allows you to lead in the list of 7 wonders of the world! The zeus sculpture sends on the throne, holding a scepter with falcon in his left hand, and in his right hand - the sculpture of the goddess of Victory - Nick.

Temple of Artemis Efesse

The temple was located in the old town of Ephesus, was built in the 6th century BC. e. In 356g.do N.E. burned with Herostratom. For Artemis, this temple was built because, according to legend, she had a special gift: it could cause the growth of all the vegetation, caught the beasts, blessed for happiness in marriage and the birth of babies.

mausoleum in Halicarnassus

This miracle of light was built in the middle of the 4th century BC. e. By order of the wife of Malsol - Artemisia III.

The construction of the mausoleum began even before the death of Malsol, for whom a monument was actually built. The wife of the Car Ruler called the most revealed architects of Greece Satira and Pypheus, and the most recognized architects of those pores - Leohara, Skopas.

The Colossus of Rhodes

This huge statue of the ancient Greek god of the Sun Helios was located in Rhodes. The statue created the magnificent architect Hares. The height of the statue was 36 m., Was fully made of bronze. The statue spent 13 tons of bronze and 12 years of work of the architect Harez.

The seventh miracle of the world of seven wonders of the world is Alexandrian Lighthouse

The lighthouse would be built in the III century BC. e. In the Egyptian town of Alexandria. Alexandrian lighthouse was the very first lighthouse in history. This lighthouse stood about a thousand years!

At the end of the 15th century, Sultan Kite-Bay built a fortress that exists today at the location of the Alexandrian lighthouse.

That's the whole list of 7 wonders of the world or just miracles of the world.

Everyone knows that there were seven wonders of the world in the world. Which of them are preserved, and what are we round in the fly?

Six of the seven wonders of the world, unfortunately, was not preserved. And only one left to please the gaze of tourists. Moreover, the miracle of the world, which lasted to the present day, is the most ancient. How old is he, where is it located? We will definitely answer this question, but first remember them all, and in order, starting from the youngest - built in the third century to our era.

Six wonders of the world who are not inevitable to this day

Colossus Rhodes - gigantic (colossal), at the time, an antique statue of the ancient Greek god of the Sun Helios, erected on the island of Rhodes (in the Aegean Sea), in the city with the title title.

The statue was ordered by the residents of Rhodes at the sculptor Hares. Initially, they planned that it would be ten times higher than human growth, but subsequently increased the height of the project to 36-meters.

Construction began on 292nd BC. E and continued 12 years. Colossus Rhodes stood on a marble pedestal, had an iron frame and was lined with bronze plates, and the internal volume was filled with clay. It is known that about 8 tons of iron and approximately 13 tons of bronze took place on its construction.

Colossus Rhodes stood just about 55 years old and was destroyed by an earthquake in about 225 to our era.

Alexandrian Lighthouse was built in the third century BC in ancient Egypt on the island of Faros in the Mediterranean Sea not far from the shores of Alexandria. It was built from 5 to 20 years (here the data differ) during the reign of Tsar Egypt Ptolemy II. An approximate year of completion of construction is considered to be 283 years before the new era. The name of the architect is known, they were Sostrat Book.

Alexandrian Mayak was made from marble (or lined) and had three levels:

the lower level was rectangular and had residential premises.
the average level was octagonal
top level - cylinder in which firehouse burned

Another name Alexandrian Lighthouse was in honor of the island, which was built by the Faros Lighthouse. It was a height of about 130 meters, and its light was noticeable for ships, according to various sources, at a distance of 50 to 80 kilometers.

The lighthouse in the integrity stood up to 796 of our era. At this year, a strong earthquake badly damaged him. It was restored, but not in full. It is known that the 14th century his height ranged only 30 meters. And in the century 15th Sultan Al-Ashraf Saif Al-Din Kite Bay built a fortress "Kite-Bay" on this place, which exists to this day.

Mausoleum in Galicarnassa is a tombstone monument to Mausol, the ruler of the Carian people. The ancient city of Galicarnas, where the mausoleum was built, was located in the territory of modern Turkey (Bodrum city).

The construction of Mausoleum ordered the wife of Malsol Artemisia III while the spouse's life. Greek architects Satir and Pilli took for construction. Also, the sculptors of Brixide, Leochar, Skas and Timophyos were attracted to work.

Mausoleum was built for eight years from the 359th to the 351st year before our era. Mausol did not wait for the completion of construction and died in 353.

The resulting structure was 45 meters high, the first level was decorated with 36 columns and many statues, the pyramid was tested above it, at the top of which was a marble quadriga - a two-wheeled chariot with four horses harnessed in it.

Galicarnassian Mausoleum stood in the 19th centuries and the ball was destroyed by a strong earthquake in the 13th century.

For reference: the word "mausoleum" occurred on behalf of Masol.

Olympic Games, in honor of the God of Thunder and Lightning - Zeus, were held in ancient Greece From 776 to our era. They enjoyed great popularity. And after 300 years, the Greeks decided to build the temple in honor of their main God and the patron saint of the Olympic Games. In 470, before the new era, they began to collect donations on his construction.

When funds were collected, the construction of a temple began, which lasted ten years between 466 and 456 to our era. The temple of Zeus turned out to be truly grand: the marble roof of the size of 27 by 64 meters was maintained 34 columns from limestone. Each column was 10.6 meters in height and more than 2 meters in diameter. And the total area of \u200b\u200bthe building was 1728 square meters.

The temple was built. After some time, the question arose about creating a worthy god of Zeus statue. For its creation, the famous Athenian sculptor fidi took. To do this, he needed a gigantic workshop equal to the Square itself, which was built in 80 meters from him.

The opening of the statue of Zeus in Olympia took place in 435 BC. e. It was performed in the technique of Christhelefantic sculpture: the wooden frame was glued with ivory plates, and the cape, a scepter with an eagle in his left hand, the statue of the goddess nickname in his right hand, and the olive wreath on the head were covered with gold. And with all the same, Zeus sits on the Golden throne. The statue altitude information will be different: along with the pedestal it was 12-17 meters.

The statue existed more than 800 years. The last written certificate of it dates back to 363 year. And in the 11th century, the historian George Kedrin argued that in the 5th century the statue was still a must. She could be transferred to Constantinople, where she burned down during a fire in 476. On the other hand, it was not transported anywhere, and she died with the temple in a fire of the 425th year.

The temple of Artemida Ephesus, as easy to guess, was in the ancient Greek city of Ephesus, near the modern city of Selchuk (the extreme West of Turkey). The temple was erected in honor of Artemis - the goddess of hunting and fertility, and the patroness of all living on Earth.

The means for the construction of the temple donated the Lidi king Krez, and the project was developed by the architect Hersfron. He erected the wall and colonnade of the temple. Without waiting for the completion of the construction of Hersfron died. Construction continued his son Methagen, and finished the construction of the temple architects Peonia and Demetri.

The temple of Artemis was built in about 550 BC. And in 356 BC. Eh he was destroyed by the fire, which arranged, according to legend, a resident of Ephesus by the name of Herostrat. Thus, Herostrat just wanted to glorify and achieved his own.

By 323 BC, the temple of Artemis in Ephesus was fully restored by architect Alexander Daninet. And the funds for this allocated Alexander Macedonian. The temple turned out exactly the same as its former version, except that it was raised to a higher step base. The roof was supported by 127 columns standing in eight rows and had an 18-meter height. The length of the temple was 105 meters, and the width is 52. Inside the temple was decorated with sculptures, bas-reliefs and paintings.

The temple of Artemis in Ephesus safely existed for several centuries, before in 263, I was already plundered by Gotami in 263. And at the end of the 4th century it was closed and destroyed by Christians, due to the prohibition of paganism.

Hanging gardens of seminimides - the most controversial miracle of the world. More unknown whether they existed at all. And, if we existed, then not at the time when the Queen of Semiramid lived.

The legend is as follows: Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II concluded a military union with Kiasar, the king of the Mussel, and to consolidate the Union, married the daughter of Kaasar, who was the name of Amitis (Amanis). Amitis moved to her husband in Babylon (Ruins of Babylon are located at the outskirts of the modern city of El Hill in Iraq), which was a dusty and dry deserted city.

Amitis missed his mountain and green homeland - Mussels. And in order to repay this boredom Nebuchadnezzar II ordered to build green hanging gardens. They were allegedly created in 605 BC.

And Semieramide is the legendary Queen of Assyria, the spouse of King Nina, lived for two centuries before. So the "Hanging Gardens of Semiramids" is more correct called "Amiti's hanging gardens." As for the term "hanging garden", he suggests a garden that is located on the roof, a gallery or special stone supports. Plants in it grow on a bulk soil layer.

If you believe the legends of the hanging gardens, the seminimides were existed until the first century of our era.

Hope's pyramid - the oldest and the highest miracle of the world. And besides the only one that has survived to this day. So, the most durable. She is at the Giza Plateau at the base of the Nile delta, not far from Cairo, in Egypt.

Although about 4500 years have passed since the construction, we know (how reliable this knowledge is a question) who was her architect. He was a nephew of Heops - Hemion. Supposed construction was completed somewhere around 2540 to our era and took about 20 years.

It is impossible to approve the exact date for the construction of the hiops pyramid. Miscellaneous methods for its definition gave different results, which are stacked in the following period: 2850 - 2560 BC. At the same time, the official start of construction is celebrated in Egypt: August 23, 2560 BC. e.

Hope's pyramid is made of granite blocks and limestone (mainly of limestone). Now it has a stepped look, but initially it was lined with white limestone (t. Jurassic marble) and had slopes. Something where this facing is preserved. The slopes of the pyramids shone in the sun with peach color, and the top was walked by a gilded stone - a pyramidion.

The height of the pyramid is 135.5 meters (initially 146.6 meters). The length of the base side is approximately 230 meters. The base area is about 53,000 square meters. And the average mass of one stone block is 2.5 tons. In this case, the worst block weighs 35 tons. In total, about 2.3 million blocks in the pyramid. The total weight of the pyramid is 6.5 million tons.

For over 3000 years, Heopsy's pyramid was the highest creation of man, and in 1311 the Lincoln Cathedral was built in England, the spire of which was built by 160 meters. True, in 1549 the spire collapsed. Now the height of the cathedral does not exceed 83 meters.

As for the purpose of the pyramid of Heops, it is not known for certain. It is logical to assume that she is the tomb of Heops's Pharaoh (Hufu), but there was no mummies in it.

The eighth wonder of the world

The official eighth miracle of light does not exist. This term is customary to call some of the grandiose structures of humanity that could claim the title of a miracle of light, but ... But the miracles of light only seven and this list cannot be expanded.

Seven wonders of the world are the most ancient monuments of architecture, which are rightfully considered the most great creations of human hands. The number 7 was chosen far from just like that. It belonged to Apollon and was a symbol of completion, completeness and perfection. At the same time, the traditional genre of Hellenistic poetry was the glorification of the list of the most famous cultural figures - poets, philosophers, kings, commander, etc. or prominent architectural monuments.

The first mentions about the miracles of the world are found precisely in this era, when the victorious troops of Alexander Macedonsky have already passed in Europe. The widespread extension of Greek culture in the territories included in the states that the Great Communist Party won, ensured loud fame to individual monuments and architectural structures. But it should be noted that the "selection" of miracles happened gradually. Some names were replaced by others, and to date, the list of the most majestic works of art and architecture includes:

Briefly about everything

Historians and scientists believe that the most ancient is the first attraction - Pyramids of Egypt . A distinctive feature of this miracle of light is that only it has been preserved to the present day in an almost priority form. The construction of the Pyramid Giza is dating approximately 1983 BC, and the largest structure of the complex is the tomb of Heops.

The rest of the miracles of light are not so lucky, and to this day they lived only the ruins of some of them. For instance, Hanging Gardens of Babylonwhich were created in the VI century BC, were destroyed by floods in the second century. But even the dilapidative remnants of this majestic building are captured by the Spirit.

Statue of Zeus from Olympia, created approximately in 435 BC. The famous antique sculptor FIDIA burned out almost one thousand years in Constantinople. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus It was erected in 550 BC, but after the two centuries, he was also destroyed the strongest fire.

Galicarnas mausoleum Created by architect PIFEM in 351 BC In 1494 in the south-west of Turkey, earthquakes were noted, after which only the foundations and architectural fragments of the structure were preserved. Concerning Colossus Rhodhodsky, built at the beginning of the III century BC. Greeks, he fell as a result of a series of strongest underground jokes somewhere between 224 and 225 BC

Alexandrian lighthouse, built in the III century BC. At the direction of the ruling dynasty of Ptolemyev, is the peak of the engineering and technical thought of that time. The structure lasted until 1480, providing reliable coverage of coastal waters. In the XV century, the lighthouse was partially destroyed by an earthquake.

About each of the seven miracles of the world can speak infinitely. Any schoolboy knows about them. Antique EPOS and ancient legends are associated with them. Each of them is covered with shadow of mystery and unknown. But one thing can be said with all confidence - these are the most significant monuments of civilization from all that managed to create humanity.