Bavaria detailed railway map. Traveling around Bavaria with the Bayern Ticket
If you are going to Bavaria, you definitely need to know about the Bayern Ticket. Bavaria has an excellent public transport network. Trains of the German railway make stops in almost every town. Well, in those places where Deutsche Bahn is still not there, or its trains do not stop, they go Shuttle Buses.
If you are going to Bavaria, you definitely need to know about the Bayern Ticket. In different sources, when preparing for a trip, you can find its different names: "Bayern Ticket" or in Russian - Bayern Ticket.
Munich has many remarkable places and interesting tourist sites. To explore all the parks, castles and museums in Bavaria, you probably will not be enough for a whole vacation. Traveling around Bavarian soil is inexpensive and easy. In Bavaria, the public transport network is perfectly organized, and it runs with amazing accuracy and punctuality (flight delays occur only with a true "force majeure").
The Deutschebahn (German Railways) trains make stops in almost every town. Well, in those places where Deutsche Bahn is still not there, or its trains do not stop, regular buses run. There is absolutely no need to rent a car in Bavaria - just buy a Bavarian ticket!
Purchase these tickets online. To do this, open the instructions for booking tickets for Deutsche Bahn. There you will see where you can find the Bayern Ticket.
Types of Bavarian Tickets
After 10.06.2012, there is only one type of Bavarian ticket. It's called Bayern Ticket. Are you going to travel alone? Then you need a Bayern Ticket for one person. At 2018 prices, such a ticket costs 25 €, an additional payment for each subsequent passenger is € 6. The maximum number of passengers on one ticket is 5 people. If a larger number of people are traveling, just combine such tickets for a different number of passengers, distributing several people for each.
In each ticket, in a special line, you must enter the name of one member of the group (in Latin, block letters). This is a mandatory rule of the German Railways. When you enter the name, take into account this moment - if your group has to get on the train or not leave at the same time - the person who needs to get on the transport earlier than others or go farthest should be entered into the ticket.
Ticket validity time
Another important point is the validity period of the ticket. The Bavarian Ticket does not "work" around the clock. It operates from 09.00 to 03.00 the next day - this is on weekdays. On German public holidays and weekends, it starts at 00:00. The exception is August 8th. In Germany, this day is not a day off - it is a national holiday (Peace Day) only in Bavaria. When it falls on a non-weekend day, the Bavarian ticket starts at 9 am. Remember this!
Bayern Ticket Nacht Action
If you plan to travel only in the evenings (after 18.00), it will be advantageous for you to buy another type of tickets - Bayern-Ticket Nacht - tickets for "night owls". Such a Bayern Ticket for one person costs 23 €, the surcharge for each subsequent passenger is € 3. The maximum number of passengers on one ticket is 5 people. The Bayern-Ticket Nacht is valid from 18:00 to 06:00 the next day. And on holidays and weekends (remember August 8!) - until 07:00.
Why buy such tickets? This is beneficial when temporarily moving from one city to another in the evening (for example, from Munich to Nuremberg for a few days). Then a ticket for two to Nuremberg will be profitable - it will cost only 26 €.
Traveling with children.
For children under 5 years of age travel on the German Railways is free. One Bavarian Ticket for one person entitles you to take with you an unlimited number of children or grandchildren 5-15 years old (but only relatives). In this case, it is allowed to take one more adult with you, with a surcharge of 5 €.
When traveling with children or grandchildren, you can use the Bayern Ticket, issued for no more than two adults!
The string intended for the name should only contain the name of the person who is the native of the children. If there are other adults in the group, they must purchase separate tickets. If another traveler in your group also has children, he will also have to buy a separate ticket. The Deutsche Bahn rule states that the passenger whose name is indicated on the ticket (and only his children / grandchildren) has the right to carry children. Two families with children - at least two tickets, and each will have the name of the parent (or grandparents) written on it.
You can generally refuse to carry children free of charge, and pay for their travel like the travel of ordinary passengers. Sometimes it turns out to be even more profitable.
Future travelers to Bavaria ask many questions about the validity of the Bavarian Ticket. We will try to make out various traffic situations.
Which vehicles are covered by the Bayern Ticket?
The Bavarian ticket can be valid:
- on all regional trains (in 2nd class). These trains are marked with RE or RB (Regional Express or Regional Ban);
- by S-Bahn trains: by U-Bahn underground;
- on a city tram; on buses running through the territory of Bavaria and in some adjacent areas.
Which vehicles are not covered by the Bayern Ticket?
- The ticket is not valid on night and high-speed trains marked: IC, EC, ICE, D;
- Bayern Ticket does not usually apply to special-purpose express buses; for example, by express train "Airport Memmingen - Munich". It also does not work on some other routes. (However, the bus that runs from Memmingen Airport to the train station is covered by the Bavarian Ticket, and with this method of travel you will save 2.5 € on tickets per passenger);
- the ticket is not valid for excursion and tourist routes; on some bus routes that are not included in transport associations; on tourist trams; suspended cable cars;
- any types of transport that are not municipal are paid separately.
Which territories are covered by the Bayern Ticket?
- All Bavaria, its cities and villages; all points where Bavarian public transport goes;
- the territories of Germany and Austria bordering on Bavaria. (If you travel to Austria, you should choose the German local train, but not the Austrian one, as it does not apply to the Bavarian Ticket).
More information on the validity of the Bavarian Ticket can be found on the Deutchebahn website, under the Bayern Ticket (in German). There you can see that with a ticket you will get to Ulm (in the state of Baden-Württemberg), as well as to Sonnenberg (in Thuringia) and to the Austrian Salzburg. Austrian trains are designated EC and German trains are RB.
Where can you buy the Bayern Ticket?
There are several places where tickets are sold and prices differ. The simplest thing is to buy such a ticket at the station ticket office. However, buying at the box office will cost 2 € more for each ticket. If you buy a ticket at a station machine, there will be no such overpayment. Bavarian Tickets are sold at the Deutsche Bahn vending machines; you can find them at train stations, airports (in Austria, tickets are sold in Salzburg at the train station).
It is not difficult to use the machine - it has buttons on which the type of passage is indicated. There is a corresponding button for purchasing "partner" tickets. After you press the required button, the machine will ask for the date on which you purchase the ticket, after which it will ask you to deposit the required amount; will issue a ticket and change.
Tickets can be purchased in advance via the Deutsche Bahn website. To do this, you will have to clearly determine the date of the trip, the number and composition of the group's travelers. Plan all the details of your trip well in advance!
You can buy a ticket on the Internet both on Russian and German territory, without leaving the hotel where you will be staying. Print out your ticket and its validity will begin right outside the hotel's doorstep.
How do I buy a Bayern Ticket online?
This is a simple operation, it is carried out in a few mouse clicks on the Deutcheban website.
How do you travel with the Bayern Ticket with children?
These rules are complicated even for Germans and constantly cause a lot of confusion and questions among passengers. The forums of the German Railways are literally inundated with such questions and responses. In this case, it is even more difficult for Intourists to figure it out.
Let's analyze the basic rules for transporting children in Bavaria using the Bayern Ticket:
1. Children under 5 (inclusive!) Travel free of charge throughout Germany. Always, no options.
2. The rights of parents and grandparents to transport children or grandchildren are exactly the same. In order not to complicate the explanation, we will simply use the designation "parents". A priori, all travel rules will apply to the older generation.
3. Any parent (grandmother or grandfather) can carry any number of children, grandchildren 6 - 14 (inclusive) years old with a Bavarian ticket. An important condition: these must be "their own children" - that is, natural children or grandchildren in the legal sense (the same provisions apply to adopted children). No other degrees of kinship (brothers, cousins, nephews, etc.) are covered by the Bavarian ticket. The conductor or conductor has the right to demand a document confirming the relationship (for Russians, a passport with registered children is sufficient).
4. Children can be carried free of charge by the passenger whose name is written on the ticket, and only he. That is, children should be related to this particular person.
5. When one adult carries children on the Bavarian ticket, he can add another adult passenger into it. That is, children are transported free of charge with a 25 € ticket with one adult, or a 31 € ticket with two adults. Tickets for three, four and five passengers are not eligible for the reduced carriage of children, even if the parent's name is entered on the travel document.
These rules seem simple, but in practice there is often confusion in travel. Therefore, it is better to consider specific examples of situations:
- A mother is traveling with two children, who are 9 and 14 years old. She needs to purchase a Bayern Ticket for one passenger, having entered her name there. A mother's ticket will cost 25 euros, her children will travel for free.
- A mother is traveling, with her children 9 and 14 years old, and an uncle is my mother's brother. They will need a Bavarian ticket for two passengers. The name of the mother must be entered on the ticket, and then the children will travel for free. If you enter your uncle's name on the ticket, the children will lose their right to free travel. Children can only be transported free of charge by the person whose name is indicated on the ticket! This means that only the name of the parent is always indicated on the ticket, and he gets the right to carry his children for free.
- A mother, her children are 9 and 14 years old; her friend and a 4-year-old child with her. They need a ticket for two passengers. Their ticket will cost 31 €. Children under 5 years old always travel free of charge - they can be ignored when choosing the type of tickets.
- The same situation: the mother has children of 9 and 14 years old; her friend also has a child, but 14 years old. On one Bavarian ticket for two people, only one mother can take children for free. What is the right thing to do for friends - take each one a ticket for one passenger? In this case, the total cost of their Bavarian Tickets would be 50 €. Another way out for these passengers is to think of themselves as a normal group of five passengers. In this case, their common ticket for five will cost 49 €.
- Aunt and her three nephews are traveling. Children 4, 9 and 14 years old. The ticket must be bought for three passengers - a child of 4 years old travels for free. Rights to free transportation The aunt has no nephews on the Bavarian Ticket. The ticket price is 37 €.
There are other situations as well. It is simply impossible to give all examples here. You can ask your questions on the Deutsche Railways website. Use the rules above, think over the composition of the group and reason logically when buying tickets.
Whose name should I write on the Bayern Ticket?
An independent traveler has to carefully understand other people's rules and adapt to them in a timely manner. It would seem that buying a ticket is very simple! However, there are also nuances here. A ticket intended for travel in a certain federal state of Germany (in our case, a Bavarian ticket) will not be valid until the name of the passenger is entered on it. Be sure to enter the passenger's name in Latin letters on the ticket! The name is always written only one - even if there are five travelers.
If the name is not entered, you will have to do it in the presence of a guide or controller (you will be given a pen and asked to enter this name). If you know German well, this will be a normal, typical situation. It's a different matter if you practically don't know the language. The situation can become very difficult and even conflictual. Therefore, it is better to still prepare and write the name on the ticket in advance. But you are traveling in a group - whose name should be there?
There are a few rules here too. Supervisors and guides often require proof of identity of the person indicated on the ticket. They can thus verify that the Bayern Ticket belongs to your group. The person who entered their name on the ticket will have to show the ID.
According to the laws of Germany, every person is obliged to have an identity card with them (and tourists are no exception). However, tourists often prefer to keep their passports in a hotel, so as not to accidentally lose them and not make trouble in a foreign country. This approach has its own reason - but in this case, the passenger must still have some kind of certificate. An international license can be a substitute for a passport (the name in the license must be written in Latin). For the train conductor / controller, such a certificate will be sufficient. When you choose from among the members of your group the one whose name will be inscribed on the ticket, check if this person has such an identity card. Avoid conflict situations with controllers!
If there is a person in the group with children (5-15 years old), be sure to enter the name of the parent on the ticket. There are many subtleties in transporting children - therefore, think over all specific situations in advance so as not to end up buying “wrong” tickets.
Bavaria(it. Bayern) - land in the south and southeast of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is the largest land area in the FRG. Administrative division: seven administrative districts - Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia, Upper Palatinate, Lower Bavaria, Upper Bavaria, Swabia. The capital is Munich. The population is based on four nationalities - Bavarians, Franconians, Swabians and Sudeten Germans.
Geography
Landscape
The main cities of Bavaria are Munich, Nuremberg, Augsburg, Würzburg and Regensburg. In the east, Bavaria includes part of the Franconian Forest, the Fichtel mountains, parts of the Oberpfelzer Wald and Böhmerwald forests, in the south of the Alps, in the west the Swabian land of Stufenland and in the north of Spessart and Rhön.
In Bavaria, there are three parts of large Germanic landscapes: the German part of the northern Kalkalpen and the Alpine hills with its attractive lakes, "Schottische ebene" with a land of lovely hills stretching to the river. Danube and German Highlands with varied landscapes.
Danube in Bavaria
There are many rivers in Bavaria, most of which are connected to the Danube. In the northwest of Bavaria, the Main River flows with tributaries; the Saale River originates from the slopes of the Franconian Forest and Fichtelgebirge. The Rhine and Danube basins were joined in 1992 by the Rhine-Main-Danube canal.
The Danube is the second largest river in Europe after the Volga. The river bed is fenced in places with dams to support navigation.
Bavaria is a land of lakes. About 1600 lakes are concentrated mainly in the foothills of the Alps. The largest are Chiemsee, Ammersee, Starnberg lake, Tegernsee, Königssee; the deepest is Walchensee (192 m).
In the Franconian Alba and in the south in the Bavarian Alps, there are many small karst caves and vertical karst mines. The deepest mine is Geburtstagsschacht (depth 698 m). The largest cave in Bavaria is Salzgrabenhöhle (7800 m).
Lake Constance. In the background - Switzerland.
The border
The Bavarian border is a total of 2705 km.
| Baden-Württemberg | 829 km |
| Hesse | 262 km |
| Thuringia | 381 km |
| Saxony | 41 km |
| Czech | 357 km |
| Austria | 816 km |
| Lake constance | 19 km - The border between Bavaria and Switzerland runs along Lake Constance. |
History of Bavaria
Ancient history before 1180
The oldest inhabitants of the ancient Bavarian lands were of Celtic origin, with an admixture of Etruscans in the south, namely: windeliki on a flat hill to Inna, in the east - tavriski, in the Alps - reta and in the north the tribes boyev, the main residence of which is from 365 BC. NS. was Bohemia.
For a more successful defense of Gaul against the invasions of the barbarians, Augustus instructed his generals, Drusus and Tiberius, to conquer these countries and made two provinces out of them: Rhetia, with the main city of Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg), and Noricus. The Inna current served as the border between them. But already in the III century, the tranquility of both provinces, which eventually took on a completely Roman character, began to be threatened by the movement of Germanic tribes. In the 5th century they were temporarily occupied by the Heruls, Rugs and Skirs, who were driven out of their dwellings on the Danube by the invasion of the Huns. The reigning rulelessness led to the fact that the country fell under the rule of first the Ostrogoths, and then, between 530-540, the Frankish kings of Austrasia. But even earlier, at the beginning of the 6th century, new newcomers established themselves in it, mainly the tribes of the Marcomans and Quads who lived in Bohemia (Bojohemum) and brought from there the name of the Bavars (Bajuwarii). At their head, from the middle of the 6th century, there were dukes from the Agilolfing family.
The duchy occupied the area between the rivers Lech and Ens, the Fichtel mountains and the Trent Alps. The first duke whose name is mentioned in history was Garibald I (d. 590), who had his residence in Regensburg. Having united with the Lombards against the rule of the Franks, he was defeated by the latter and forced to ask for peace. He was succeeded by his relative, Tassilon I (d. 612), who marked himself by the fact that he first opened hostile actions against the Slavs and their allies, the Avars. Under his son, Garibald II (d. About 630), the Bavarians received the first written laws from the Frankish king Dagobert (lex Bajuwariorum, between 628-638). At his invitation, St. Eustachius and Agil also preached Christianity there. Finally, Christianity was introduced under Theodon II (d. 716/718) by Frankish missionaries Rupert, Emmeram and Corbinian.
Duke Odilon (736-748), Karl Martell's son-in-law, formally assumed the royal title, but his attempt to overthrow the supreme power of the Frankish kings ended with the fact that he was deposed by Carlomanne and Pepin. Under him, Archbishop Saint Boniface divided the Bavarian Church into 4 bishoprics: Salzburg, Passau, Regensburg and Freising; at the same time, several monasteries were founded.
Tassilon III (748-788) was forced to take an oath of allegiance to Pepin the Short at the State Diet in Compiegne, and received from him his hereditary possessions in flax. But later he broke this oath and united with his father-in-law, the Lombard king Desiderius and the Duke of Aquitaine against the Franks. After the overthrow of Desiderius, Charlemagne turned against his ally and, by the threat of war, forced him to renew his oath at Worms and hand over the hostages. Tassilon, however, did not obey and struck up relations with the Avars, for which he was summoned in 788 to the state Diet in Ingelheim, condemned for perjury to the death penalty and, together with his entire family, was imprisoned in a monastery, where his family died out. Bavaria, although it still remained a duchy and retained its ancient laws, was divided into several small districts, subordinate, like other areas of the state, to the rule of counts. Thus, Bavaria became a province of the Frankish state and received the same political organization with it.
Bavaria in the X century
With the division of the state undertaken by Charlemagne, Bavaria, along with Italy, went to his second son Pepin, who died while his father was still alive. Louis the Pious, who succeeded Charlemagne, first transferred control to his eldest son Lothair with the title of king, but with a new division in 817 it passed to Louis II, later nicknamed German, who called himself rex Bojoariorum and chose Regensburg as his residence. Louis continuously fought with the Slavic peoples, causing much harm with his frequent raids. Meanwhile, little by little, the secular power of the bishops strengthened and the power of the palatine counts, who ruled as governors, increased. After the death of Louis the German (876), his son Carloman became king of Bavaria, to which at that time still belonged Carinthia, Carniola, Istria, Friul, Pannonia, Bohemia and Moravia.
Germany 919-1125
Carlomanne was succeeded (879) by his younger brother Louis III "and after his death (881) the second brother Charles III the Tolstoy, who, having received 884 and the crown of France, thus united under his rule all the states of Charles V. After him, she passed (887) to the bastard son of Carlomann Arnulf, and then (899) to his son Louis the Child, in whose reign Bavaria suffered much from the attacks of the Hungarians. son of Margrave Luitpold, Arnulf II the Wicked, known for his enmity with the emperor Konrad I. His son After his death, Otto I the Great took Bavaria from Arnulf's son, Eberhard, passing it on to his uncle, Berthold (d. 947), and then to his brother Henry I, appointing Eberhard's brother, Arnulf, Count Palatine of Bavaria.This gave rise to internal strife, which made Bavaria a theater of devastating wars. take possession of his hereditary duchy of Bavaria, and called for help from the Hungarians, who invaded Byelorussia, devastated it, but were defeated by Otto at Lechfeld. Henry I was succeeded by his son Henry II the Shrew, one of the most educated princes of that time and an implacable enemy of Otto II, who took B. from him and handed her over to Otto Swabian(d. 982). After the death of Otgon II, Henry again received the duchy of B., which after him (995) passed to his son "Henry IV, who later became emperor of Germany under the name of Henry II. With his death in the history of Bavaria begins almost 200 years. during which the country had to endure a lot, both from the Crusades, which deprived it of a significant part of the population, and from the eternal change of dukes, who were appointed and then expelled by the emperors, and who, with their mutual strife, did not allow it to calm down. Lev (founder of Munich), Bavaria passed (1180) to the Count Palatine Otton Wittelsbach, the ancestor of the Bavarian and Palatinate houses.
The domain of Henry the Lion
Duke Otton of Wittelsbach
Duke Otton of Wittelsbach (d. 1183) and his active successor Ludwig I significantly expanded their hereditary possessions, and the latter, in addition, received from Emperor Frederick II in the Rhine Palatinate. Ludwig mind. in 1231 from a blow with a dagger inflicted on him by some unknown person on the Kelheim Bridge (hence its name L. Kelheimsky); Bavaria owes him the founding of the city of Landshut.
Bavaria and its neighbors in 1378
The reign of his son, Otto the Most Serene(1231-1253), was marked by internal strife due to the secular power of the bishops, who strove for complete independence. For his loyalty to the emperor, he was excommunicated by the pope. His sons, Ludwig II the Harsh and Henry XIII, ruled together for two years, but in 1255 divided the country among themselves, and Ludwig received Upper Bavaria with Munich, the Rhine Palatinate and the title of Elector, and Henry, whose line ended a few years later, became the ruler of Lower Bavaria with the main city of Landsgut. In addition, both brothers inherited the inheritance of the unfortunate Konradin of Hohenstaufen. One of the two sons of Ludwig II (d. 1253), Ludwig, was elected to the emperor under the name Louis IV of Bavaria... In 1329 he concluded a separate treaty with the sons of his brother in Pavia, according to which the latter were granted the Rhine Palatinate and the Upper Palatinate; both sides were deprived of the right to alienate their possessions and inherit in the female line, while the title of elector was to belong to both alternately. However, the last decree was overturned by the Golden Bull (1356), which presented the elector's dignity to the Palatinate house. Thus, the two main lines of the Wittelsbach House arose: the Palatinate and the Bavarian. After the end of the Lower Bavarian line, Emperor Louis, with the consent of the estates, annexed Lower Bavaria to the Upper. B. is also indebted to him for many improvements in the order of internal management; so, he granted Munich city law, issued the civil code for Upper Bavaria and new judicial laws for Lower Bavaria Louis (d. 1347) left behind six sons and a rich inheritance, to which, in addition to Bavaria, belonged Brandenburg, the Dutch and Zeeland provinces, Tyrol, etc. But these external possessions were soon lost, and strife and feuds began between the individual lines, ending in 1505 with the unification of most of the ancient Bavarian lands in the hands of Albrecht IV.
In the XIV century, the gradual development of the estate state structure Bavaria, since, taking advantage of the difficulties and strife of their princes, the nobility and cities extorted different rights and privileges from them, meeting with support from the rulers of spiritual principalities and property. The estates (prelates, knights and cities) were assembled as they pleased, and, moreover, either in the form of a "Diet" (united estates), or in the form of separate estates, of which each formed its own special union. General state laws were previously discussed by the permanent estate commission, together with the duke's advisers, and then submitted to the final approval of the Diet. The distribution of the approved taxes was carried out again by the estates, which collected and spent them through their own people, and not through the ducal officials. The estate constitution of Bavaria had to go through a severe crisis at the beginning of the reign of Duke Albrecht IV, whose absolutist inclinations provoked vigorous resistance from the Lower Bavarian ranks, which reached an open uprising. In 1506, the estates of Lower and Upper Bavaria united into one estate assembly, and Duke Albrecht, realizing all the harm of the division into appanages that had existed so far, made them recognize the unity and inseparability of the state and the order of succession to the throne by right of primogeniture. According to this, of his three sons: Wilhelm IV, Ludwig and Ernst, only Wilhelm should have inherited him; but after his death (1508), feuds began, leading to the joint reign of Wilhelm and Ludwig.
German states in 1648
Both of them had the most decisive opposition to the reformation, which found numerous adherents in Bavaria, and in 1541 called the Jesuits to the country. Wilhelm died in 1550. His son Albrecht V the Magnanimous was also a friend of the Jesuits, but at the same time patronized the sciences and arts. Of his three sons, he was succeeded in 1579 by William V the Pious, who in 1597 was forced by the Diet to transfer the reign to his eldest son Maximilian I and retire to a monastery. Maximilian I, gifted with rare abilities, was the soul of the league that had formed against the Protestant Union. During the 30-year war, Emperor Ferdinand II granted him the Palatinate Elector (1623) and handed over the Upper Palatinate to him as a pledge for military expenses. The Peace of Westphalia strengthened for Maximilian I the title of the fifth elector and the possession of the Upper Palatinate, at the same time the eighth elector was established for the Palatinate line and the right of inheritance to Byelorussia was approved after it, in the event of the termination of Wilhelm's offspring. Maximilian mind. 27 Sep 1651 after 55 years of reign. Under his peaceful and thrifty successor, Ferdinand Maria, the Bavarian Sejm, which was not distinguished by its crowds, met for the last time; from that time on, all the rights of the Diet were transferred to the permanent estate commission, called the estate council (Landschafts Verordnung), originally elected for only 9 years. Ferdinand Maria was succeeded in 1679 by his son, Maximilian II Emanuel, who sided with France in the War of the Spanish Succession. As a result, after the battle of Hochstedt (1701), the emperor treated Byelorussia as a conquered country: Maximilian was declared a traitor and deprived of his rights, which were returned to him only by the Peace of Baden in 1714. Karl Albrecht. Based on the marriage contract between Duke Albrecht V and his wife Anne, daughter of Emperor Ferdinand I, supported also by the will of the latter, after the death of Charles VI, he made claims to most of the Austrian inheritance and started a war against Maria Theresa. Aided by the French army, he conquered all of Upper Austria, proclaimed himself king of Bohemia after the conquest of Prague, and in 1742 was elected to the German emperor in Frankfurt under the name of Charles VII. But that was the end of his triumph. Austria occupied Bavaria with its troops, and Karl Albrecht, hurrying to Munich, died suddenly on January 20, 1745.
Maximilian Joseph
His son and heir, Maximilian Joseph, concluded peace with Austria in Füssen, 22 April. 1745, having recognized the Pragmatic Sanction, and in return received back all the Bavarian lands conquered by Austria. Sincerely imbued with the desire to see his country happy, he turned his full attention to improving agriculture, crafts, mining, justice, police, finance, and public education. He established the Academy of Sciences in Munich (1759) and generously patronized the arts. Childless, he confirmed all the existing hereditary contracts with the house of the Palatinate electors. Both under the treaties of the House of Wittelsbach, and according to the definitions of the Peace of Westphalia, the Palatinate Elector undoubtedly belonged to the inheritance rights to Bavaria, when, with the death of Maximilian Joseph on December 30. 1777 the Wittelsbach Line died out. But unexpectedly for everyone, Austria made claims to Lower Bavaria and occupied several districts. Heir and successor of Miximilian Joseph, childless Karl Theodore(see this next), surrendering to the admonitions of Emperor Joseph II, signed an agreement on January 3 and 14, 1778, in which he promised Austria a concession to Lower Bavaria, the possession of Mindelheim and Bohemian fiefs in the Upper Palatinate. But Duke Karl Zweibruecken, as the closest agnat and probable heir to Bavaria, declared himself against this concession, prompted by the Prussian king Frederick II. This was the reason for the so-called War of the Bavarian Succession, which, however, ended without bloodshed in the Treaty of Teschen in 1779, thanks mainly to the intervention of Russia, which spoke out against Austria. Behind the Palatinate-Bavarian Elector, undisputed possession of Bavaria was secured, with the exception of the Inn quarter with Brunau (38 sq. Miles), which had ceded to Austria. At the same time, according to the decisions of the Peace of Westphalia, the eighth elector also ceased to exist.
New story
Bavaria and its neighbors in 1786
Karl Theodore died Feb 16 1799 With him, the Neuburg-Salzbach line of the reigning dynasty faded away and the Elector's dignity passed to the Zweibrucken line. Duke Charles died back in 1795, leaving no children behind, and therefore the reign passed to his brother, Maximilian IV Joseph. The latter immediately confirmed (patent dated February 16, 1799) the country's rights to the estates, but at the same time flatly refused to convene a general Diet and, through his minister, Montgel, introduced a system of so-called enlightened despotism. A series of measures followed, ushering in a new era: softening censorship, limiting the power of the clergy in secular affairs, and abolishing monasteries. But all this did not go without violence and plundering of public goods. According to the Peace of Luneville (February 4, 1801), Bavaria lost the entire Rhine Palatinate, the duchies of Zweibrucken and Julich, but received a rich reward for this, namely the bishopric of Würzburg, Bamberg, Freising and Augsburg, part of Passau along with 12 abbeys and 17 imperial cities , including Ulm, Kempten, Memmingen, Nördlingen and Schweinfurt. Bavaria thus acquired 60 sq. miles and about 110,000 inhabitants. By the Peace of Pressburg, the territory of Bavaria was increased by another 500 square meters. miles and per 1 million inhabitants. Among the new acquisitions were Tyrol, Vorarlberg, the Margrave of Burgau, the Principality of Eichstät, and the Margrave of Ansbach, in exchange for which Würzburg went to the former Grand Duke of Tuscany, and the Duchy of Berg to France. From the hands of a foreign conqueror, the elector received sovereign power and a royal title, which he accepted on January 1. 1806 under the name Maximilian Joseph I... Following this, he became the head of those German sovereign princes who, on July 12, 1806, signed the act establishing the League of Rhine, undertaking the obligation to send a contingent of 30,000 soldiers for the French emperor in case of war. Soon the imperial city of Nuremberg was annexed to the new kingdom; the same fate befell the Inclaves. The old social system was actually abolished, and the government arbitrarily arrogated to itself the right to levy taxes. The formal abolition of the old constitution followed on May 1, 1808, with the proclamation of a new, granted constitution, which, although it promised equality before the law, equality of taxation, freedom of conscience and general, not estate, representation, but so, everything remained only on paper.
For participation in the 1809 campaign against Austria, Bavaria received the Principality of Regensburg, the Margrave of Bayreuth, Salzburg, Berchtesgaden as a reward, yielding, for its part, South Tyrol, Ulm and some other districts. Bavaria numbered 3 million 300 thousand inhabitants at that time. In the Russian campaign of 1812, the Bavarian contingent of 30,000 people. almost all died from cold and hunger. In 1813, she put a new army under the command of Napoleon and at the same time concentrated the observation corps on the Austrian border. But, seeing the danger of Napoleon's position, the Bavarian government immediately changed its policy. 10 days before the decisive battle of Leipzig, she withdrew from the Rhine League and concluded an agreement with Austria, according to which, for the cession of Tyrol, Vorarlberg, Salzburg, the Inn Quarter, etc., all other possessions were secured behind her, along with Würzburg, Aschaffenburg and some part of the left bank of the Rhine, which now forms the Bavarian Palatinate. Since then, Bavaria went over to the side of the Allies and participated in the campaigns of 1814 and 1815. At the Congress of Vienna, its territorial relations were finally ordered, and the rights of an autocratic sovereign were recognized for the Bavarian king. During all this time, in which the intelligent and energetic, but not alien to violence minister, Montgelas, ruled more than the kind and little thrifty King Maximilian Joseph, many French institutions were planted in Bavaria, and, moreover, not always the best ones. But enlightenment and education undoubtedly made progress, albeit rather one-sided. At the Congress of Vienna, as well as after the fall of Montgele (1817), the Bavarian government jealously guarded its sovereign privileges, and this was one of the reasons for the failure of all then attempts to unite Germany on broader grounds than could be achieved by the federal constitution. May 26, 1818 was followed by the promulgation of the constitution, which in essential features has survived to this day. It was the constitution that was granted. By virtue of her, Bavaria had to remain for eternity an independent state, not merging with any other monarchy. All citizens of the state should equally bear social burdens and equally enjoy personal freedom. At the same time, freedom of conscience and the press was proclaimed - the latter with certain restrictions. Legislative power is vested in the king together with two chambers: the state councilors and the chamber of deputies. The latter is elected for a 6-year term and must be convened for two months every three years. Proposals for laws can only come from the king, and decisions of the chambers are valid only after the approval of the supreme authority. On the other hand, all decisions concerning property rights and taxes can be issued only with the participation and approval of the chambers. The promulgation of the constitution was preceded by the publication of an edict on the organization of communities on fairly liberal grounds for that time. At the same time, a concordat was concluded with the Roman curia, which was included in the constitution. Already at the first Diet in 1819, the House of Representatives showed courage, ability and practical meaning. The Seimas of 1822 and 1825 were predominantly busy with debates about finances, accompanied by many unpleasant revelations for the government, as well as discussions of new customs legislation, improvement of the judicial system, establishment of a redemption fund, easing of shop and other restrictions, etc.
The reign of Ludwig I 1825-1848
After the death of Maximilian I, on October 13, 1825, his son ascended the throne, who ruled under the name Ludwig I. He went down in history as the patron saint of arts and sciences. In 1826 he transferred from Landshut to Munich University, which is now known as Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and reorganized the Academy of Arts. Under his leadership, Munich began to turn into a "second Athens". However, the king's enterprises required huge expenses, which were not particularly sympathetic to the members of the Chamber of Deputies. This, along with the Belgian Revolution in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the July Revolution in France, resulted in the initially liberal king becoming a reactionary.
In 1837, the ultramontants came to power, and Karl von Abel became the first minister. The Jesuits began to play the first violin in the country, the persecution of Protestants began, one after another liberal articles were removed from the Constitution. At the same time, Ludwig sympathetically reacted to the Greek uprising, and agreed to the election of his son, Otto, the Greek king, which was very expensive for the Bavarian treasury, forced to support the king of the ruined country.
However, it was not popular protests that led to the collapse of the clerical regime in Bavaria, but the king's love affairs. In 1846, he fell under the strong influence of the Irish adventurer Eliza Gilbert, posing as the "Spanish dancer Lola Montes," who, as they said, succeeded in "defeating Loyola," that is, overthrowing Abel's clerical ministry, and then the moderate Maurer ministry. The first minister was Prince Ludwig von Oettingen-Wallenstein, whose cabinet was called "Lola's ministry". The new first minister tried to win the sympathy of the liberals by appealing to pan-Germanism, but was unable to form a capable government.
Revolution of 1848-1849
In 1848, news of a revolution in France led to popular unrest. On March 11, the king dismissed the first minister, and on March 20, realizing the degree of popular indignation at his rule, he abdicated the throne himself. His son, Maximilian II, became the new king.
On March 6, 1848, Ludwig I issued a proclamation in which he promised that the Bavarian government would act for the freedom and unity of Germany. Acting in the spirit of this proclamation, Maximilian II recognized the authority of the German Parliament convened in Frankfurt, and on December 19 issued a decree on the operation in Bavaria of all laws adopted by the German Parliament. However, the supremacy among the German states increasingly began to pass to Prussia, and not to Austria. Maximilian was supported by parliament when he refused to agree with the proposal to present the imperial crown to the Prussian king Frederick William IV. However, Maximilian went against the will of the people, refusing to support the draft of the German Constitution, when it turned out that, according to him, Austria was excluded from the German Confederation.
The reign of Maximilian II 1848-1864
After the abdication of the father of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, his son Maximilian II came to the throne of Bavaria in 1848.
Bavaria during German reunification
The Bavarian kingdom initially opposed the growing role of Prussia in Germany. In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Bavaria sided with Austria. The result of participation in this war was defeat for Bavaria; under the terms of the peace treaty, Bavaria ceded a number of territories to Prussia, namely the Orb and Gersfeld districts, lying in the Spesart and the Rhône mountains, with 32,976 inhabitants, and had to pay 30 million florins of military indemnity. In addition, due to the collapse of the German Confederation and the formation of a new North German Confederation, into which the South German states, including Bavaria, according to special Franco-Prussian agreements, could not be included, the kingdom found itself in political isolation.
From this time, the rapprochement of Bavaria and Prussia began, the result of which was the participation of Bavaria in the Franco-Prussian war on the side of the latter. During this war, the Bavarian troops performed admirably. Their valor is attested by the battles at Weissenburg and Werth, at Sedan, Paris and Orleans. The general rise of national consciousness at that time was so strong that the population of Bavaria, in numerous addresses addressed to the government, petitioned to join the North German Union. Nevertheless, when negotiating with the Union on this issue, the Bavarian government tried to get the maximum preferences for itself. Finally, on November 23, 1870, an agreement was signed on the accession of Bavaria to the Union. Under this treaty, Bavaria retained its own diplomacy, command of the army, post, telegraph, railways, taxation system and complete independence in matters of citizenship and the right of settlement. Similar treaties were concluded by the rest of the South German states. In this way, the North German Confederation included all the member states of the former German Confederation, except Austria, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein.
On November 30, 1870, King Ludwig II of Bavaria, in agreement with other German monarchs, turned to the Prussian king with the so-called "Imperial letter", in which he asked the Prussian king Wilhelm I to accept the title of German emperor. For this, Bismarck guaranteed Ludwig significant cash payments from a specially created Welf fund.
January 18, 1871 in Palace of Versailles near Paris, Bismarck, in the presence of German princes, read out the text of the proclamation of the Prussian king as emperor of the German Empire. And on April 16 of the same year, the constitution of the new state was adopted, of which Bavaria was now a part.
Bavaria within the German Empire
Bavaria as part of the Weimar Republic
On November 12, 1918, the Bavarian People's Party (BNP) was created on the basis of the Bavarian branch of the Catholic Center Party. From 1919 to 1933, the BNP was the most influential political force in Bavaria, invariably appearing in all provincial governments. Its representatives became the Minister-Presidents of Bavaria three times:
- Hugo von Lerchenfeld-Köfering (September 21, 1921 - November 8, 1922),
- Eugen von Knilling (November 8, 1922 - July 1, 1924),
- Heinrich Held (July 2, 1924 - March 10, 1933).
In November 1923, in Munich, the first attempt was made to seize power by the Nazis, during the Beer Putsch. It was suppressed, its initiators, headed by A. Hitler, were arrested. Hitler and his associates were serving their sentences in the Landsberg prison.
Bavaria as part of the Third Reich
During the Third Reich, the federal structure was eliminated. The territory of Bavaria was divided among several Reichsgau. In Nuremberg, congresses of the NSDAP were held. During World War II, Munich, Nuremberg and other cities were severely damaged by bombing.
Political system
The legislative body of the federal state is the Bavarian Landtag (German. Bayerischer Landtag; since 1999 unicameral, in 1946-1999 there was an upper house in parliament - the Senate (German) Russian ), which is elected by the population for 5 years. Executive agency- The Bavarian Government (Bayerische Staatsregierung), which is formed by the Landtag and consists of:
- Minister-President Bayerischer Ministerpräsident ) - Prime Minister, head of the government of Bavaria,
- Bavarian government ministers
- Bavarian secretaries of state.
The body of constitutional review - the Bavarian Constitutional Court ( Bayerischer Verfassungsgerichtshof) (earlier - Bavarian State Court of Justice ( Bayerischer Staatsgerichtshof)), the highest courts are the Supreme Regional Court of Bamberg ( Oberlandesgericht Bamberg), The Supreme Regional Court of Munich ( Oberlandesgericht München) and the Supreme Regional Court of Nuremberg ( Oberlandesgericht Nürnberg) (until 1932 also the Supreme Regional Court of Augsburg ( Oberlandesgericht Augsburg)), until 2006 the Bavarian Supreme Regional Court stood over them ( Bayerisches Oberstes Landesgericht), the highest court of administrative justice - the Bavarian Administrative Court ( Bayerischer Verwaltungsgerichtshof).
Politics
For a long time, the Christian Social Union (CSU) was in power in Bavaria, which almost always received more than 50 percent of the vote in elections to the Landtag. However, during the elections held on September 28, 2008, the party was unable to obtain an absolute majority of seats in the Landtag and was forced to enter into negotiations with the FDP to form a coalition government. Due to the electoral failure, the then Prime Minister of Bavaria, Gunter Beckstein, was forced to resign. The chairman of the CSU, Erwin Huber, also had to resign. On October 25, 2008, at the CSU party meeting, Horst Seehofer was elected as the new party leader. After a vote in the Landtag on October 27, 2008, Horst Seehofer was also elected Prime Minister of Bavaria. On the same day, the members of the Landtag, for the first time in the history of Bavaria, elected a woman chairman - Barbara Stamm.
In the 2013 elections, the CSU gained 47.7%, receiving 101 seats out of 180. The SPD gained 20.6% and won 42 seats. The FDP gained 3.3% and lost its seats in the Landtag. The CSU formed a one-party government.
Elections
Distribution of seats in the Bavarian Landtag after the elections held on September 15, 2013 (total of 180 seats) and percentage of the collected votes:
- CSU 101st place, 47.7%
- SPD 42 seats, 20.6%
- Free voters 19 seats, 9%
- Soyuz 90 / Greens 18 seats, 8.6%
Percentage results of parties that did not qualify for the Landtag after the 2013 elections:
- FDP 3.3%
- Left 2.1%
- Bavarian Party 2.1%
- ÖDP 2%
- Pirate Party 2%
- Republicans 1%
- NDP 0.6%
- Others 0.2%
Bavaria population
The Bavarians are descendants of three ancient Germanic allied tribes - the Bavars, Franks and Swabians (Alemanns) - differ in the nature of speech, customs, way of thinking and attitude. Later, already in 1945, more than two million refugees and persons deported from the former German territories, who brought their own traditions and culture, were added to their number.
- Bavarians- are descendants of the Bavars, inhabiting the administrative districts of Upper Bavaria, Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate. With a population of about 6.4 million, they make up about half of the population of Bavaria.
- Franconians- are descendants of the Franks. The places of their settling are located in the administrative districts of Upper, Middle and Lower Franconia, which have been part of the state of Bavaria since the beginning of the 19th century; currently, about 4.1 million Franconians live.
- The swabians- the administrative district of Swabia is named after 1.8 million Bavarian Swabians.
- « Fourth tribe”- also the exiled Sudeten Germans, who moved to Bavaria mainly after 1945, joined the three Bavarian ethnic groups. The Free Land provided them with protection and support. The decree of November 5, 1962 states: The Bavarian government recognizes the Sudeten Germans as belonging to the indigenous Bavarian population. Filled with gratitude to their newfound homeland, the “new Bavarians” put a lot of effort into its reconstruction after the Second World War.
Cities with more than 50 thousand inhabitants
| Town | Census December 31, 2000 |
Census December 31, 2005 |
Census December 31, 2009 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Munich | 1 210 223 | 1 259 677 | 1 330 440 |
| Nuremberg | 488 400 | 499 237 | 503 673 |
| Augsburg | 254 982 | 262 676 | 263 646 |
| Würzburg | 127 966 | 133 906 | 133 195 |
| Regensburg | 125 676 | 129 859 | 134 218 |
| Ingolstadt | 115 722 | 121 314 | 124 387 |
| Fürth | 110 477 | 113 422 | 114 044 |
| Erlangen | 100 778 | 103 197 | 105 554 |
| Bayreuth | 74 153 | 73 997 | 72 576 |
| Bamberg | 69 036 | 70 081 | 69 827 |
| Aschaffenburg | 67 592 | 68 642 | 68 722 |
| Landshut | 58 746 | 61 368 | 62 735 |
| Kempten | 61 389 | 61 360 | 62 007 |
| Rosenheim | 58 908 | 60 226 | 60 877 |
| Schweinfurt | 54 325 | 54 273 | 53 533 |
| Neu-Ulm | 50 188 | 51 410 | 53 034 |
| Passau | 50 536 | 50 651 | 50 627 |
Add .: The Bavarian State Office provided these statistics and processed data
Religion
Pilgrimage Church in Vis
| Confessions in Bavaria: | 1840 * | 1900 * | 1933 * | 1950 | 1970 | in 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roman Catholic | 71,1 % | 70,5 % | 70,0 % | 71,9 % | 70,4 % | 57,2 % |
| Evangelical | 27,4 % | 28,3 % | 28,7 % | 26,5 % | 25,2 % | 21,3 % |
| Muslim | - | - | - | - | 0,9 % | 2,2 % |
| Judaic | 1,4 % | 0,9 % | 0,5 % | 0,1 % | 0,1 % | 0,1 % |
| Other faiths | 0,1 % | 0,3 % | 0,8 % | 1,5 % | 3,4 % | 19,2 % |
* Including Palatinate
Administrative device
The federal state of Bavaria includes 71 districts (German. Landkreis) and 25 cities of land subordination (German. Kreisfreie stadt) (in brackets the index of districts and cities on car numbers), districts are divided into cities (German. Stadt) and communities (German. Gemeinde), cities are divided into urban districts (German. Stadtbezirk), communities into communal quarters (German. Gemeindeteil).
Administrative districts
Bavaria administrative map
The Republic of Bavaria consists of several administrative districts. List of districts:
| Administrative District | Administrative center | JSC | Reduction | Square km² |
A citizen (Sep 2005) |
Population density people / km² |
| Upper Bavaria | Munich | 091 | OB | 17 529,63 | 4 232 962 | 241 |
| Lower bavaria | Landshut | 092 | NB | 10 329,91 | 1 197 631 | 116 |
| Upper Palatinate | Regensburg | 093 | OP. | 9691,03 | 1 090 318 | 113 |
| Upper Franconia | Bayreuth | 094 | Ofr. | 7231,00 | 1 103 239 | 153 |
| Middle Franconia | Ansbach | 095 | Mfr. | 7244,85 | 1 708 841 | 236 |
| Lower Franconia | Würzburg | 096 | Ufr. | 8530,99 | 1 342 308 | 157 |
| Swabia | Augsburg | 097 | Schw. | 9992,03 | 1 789 698 | 179 |
| Bavaria | Munich | 70 549,11 | 12 464 997 | 177 |
- Neustadt am Waldnab (NEW)
- Neu-Ulm (NU)
- Nuremberg (LAU)
- Upper Allgäu (OA)
- Eastern Allgäu (OAL)
- Passau (PA)
- Pfaffenhofen am Ilm (PAF)
- Regen (REG)
- Regensburg (R)
- Ryon - Grabfeld (NES)
- Rosenheim (RO)
- Mouth (RH)
- Rottal Inn (PAN)
- Schwandorf (SAD)
- Schweinfurt (SW)
- Starnberg (STA)
- Straubing - Bogen (SR)
- Tirschenreuth (TIR)
- Traunstein (TS)
- Lower Allgäu (MN)
- Weilheim - Schongau (WM)
- Weissenburg - Gunzenhausen (WUG)
- Wunsiedel - Fichtel (WUN)
- Würzburg (WÜ)
Free Cities (Kreisfreie Städte)
Local government bodies
Representative bodies of districts - betsirkstags ( bezirkstag), consisting of besiriksrats ( bezirksrat), elected by the population on a proportional system with an open list, the executive power in the district is carried out by the district committee ( bezirksausschuss).
Representative bodies of districts - kreistags ( kreistag), consisting of the landrat ( landrat), which presides over the meetings, and the cruisers ( kreisrat), elected by the population according to a proportional system with an open list, the executive power in the district is exercised by the Landrat, elected by the population, and the district committee ( kreisausschuss), consisting of the Landrat and members of the district committee, elected by the kreistag in proportion to the size of the factions.
Representative bodies of cities - stadtrats ( stadtrat), consisting of the mayor ( oberbürgermeister), who presides over the meetings, and members of the staff ( stadtratsmitglied), elected by the population on a proportional system with an open list, the executive power in the city is exercised by the mayor, elected by the population.
Representative bodies of communities - heminderates ( gemeinderat), consisting of the burgomaster ( bürgermeister), who presides over the meetings, and the members of the heminderat ( gemeinderatsmitglied), elected by the population on a proportional system with an open list, the executive power in the community is exercised by the burgomaster, elected by the population.
The representative bodies of urban districts are district committees (bezirksausschuss), elected by the population.
Regions
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The asteroid (301) Bavaria, discovered in 1890, is named in honor of Bavaria.
Sister regions
Partners of the Free State of Bavaria.
Economy
| ... Over the past decades, Bavaria has become a modern highly developed region. International enterprises, robust medium-sized businesses and forward-looking scientific research put it at the forefront of technological and economic progress. Bavaria remains true to its principles, despite all kinds of changes. Tradition and progress - this is the motto of the Free Land. As a member of the actively developing European community, Bavaria does not lose its identity and self-esteem ... Horst Seehofer, Prime Minister of Bavaria |
Bavaria has the largest economic and scientific potential among the 16 federal states of Germany and is the leader in terms of economic growth (in 1985-2005, Bavaria's GDP increased by 28.2%, and the national average - by 14.6%).
In 2005, the GDP of Bavaria amounted to 403 billion euros (18% of the total German), of which about 69% is in trade and services, 30% in industry and only 1% in the agricultural sector.
In 2006, Bavaria became the first federal state of Germany in the past 30 years to adopt a deficit-free budget.
Bavaria from an agrarian country, goes to a technological state and claims to be one of the most developed countries as part of Germany. The most important role in the economy of Bavaria is played by mechanical engineering, in particular the automotive and aerospace industries. Also developed are electrical engineering, precision mechanics, optics, production of medical equipment, and the chemical industry.
Well-developed areas of Bavaria are: the metropolitan area of Munich with a developed auto industry ( Bmw, Audi, MAN, Knorr-bremse), information sector ( Siemens, Infineon Technologies, Microsoft), the media and publishers ( ProSiebenSat1, Sky Deutschland, Kabel Deutschland, publishing house Burda), military industry ( EADS, Krauss-Maffei Wegmann); district Augsburg ( EADS, KUKA, UPM-Kymmene), Ingolstadt ( Audi, Media-Saturn-Holding) and the "Bavarian chemical triangle" between Lake Chiemsee and the rivers Inn and Salzach. Tourism is well developed (historical sites, museums, beer gardens, Oktoberfest, fairs).
Agriculture
Bavaria also owns the Zalforst forests in Austria.
Tourism
Tourism is one of the sources of income for Bavaria. Bavaria is considered a holiday destination. Due to the beauty of its landscapes and well-developed infrastructure, as well as the Alpine hills and the Bavarian Alps themselves, it was and is favorite place for tourists, at any time of the year.
Bavaria is the largest land in Germany. Some Bavarian cities were built by the Romans.
The capital is Munich (first mentioned in 1158), about 1.35 mil. residents (February 2009). The center of the city is the popular Marienplatz square with the new town hall building. On the east side of the Marienplatz is the old town hall, which today houses the toy museum. Slightly south of Marienplatz is the 11th century St. Peter's Church. To the southwest of the church, on St. Jacob's Square, is the Munich City Museum. Its exhibits cover the cultural history of Munich, there is also a photo and film museum, a museum of dolls, musical instruments and much more. State national galleries in Munich: Old Pinakothek (old masters), New Pinakothek (art of the modern period), Pinakothek of the present (contemporary art); Bavarian National Museum with a collection of sculpture, decorative art, folk art; state collection of exhibits natural history; German Museum.
Bavaria is home to many different festivals, the most famous of which are Oktoberfest and Landshut Wedding.
Bavarian figures
Religion and Politics Benedict XVI - Former Pope Franz Josef Strauss - Former Prime Minister Edmund Stoiber - Former Prime Minister Horst Seehofer - Prime MinisterWhat is a Bavarian ticket, how much does it cost in 2017, where is it valid and where to buy it?
Bavaria is not only one of the most economically developed and richest in attractions, but also the largest federal state in Germany. To give travelers the opportunity to embrace the immensity, Deutsche Bahn offers passengers a Bavarian ticket with the right to unlimited use of Bavarian transport for a specified time.
Starting at the northern spurs of the Alps, this region stretched right up to the outskirts of Frankfurt am Main. And in terms of tourist attraction, this land surpasses many European countries... Munich, Nuremberg, Alps, Danube, thousands of mountain lakes, Romantic road, Regensburg, Würzburg, Neuschweistein castle - all this is Bavaria! And the Bavarian ticket is a great opportunity to save money and at the same time travel in comfort for those who want to see everything to the maximum!
Transport in Germany is not only very convenient, but also very affordable. It is no secret that in every federal state, Deutsche Bahn gives the opportunity to use special offer- a land ticket, on which you can travel without restrictions throughout the region throughout the whole day.
Bavaria is no exception - Bayern-Ticket... It includes unlimited travel on local trains and all types of public transport for a group of people from 1 to 5 people.
That is, with such a ticket you can travel on any train between cities and on any city bus, tram and metro, including public transport Munich.
On weekdays, the ticket is valid from 9 am to 3 am the next day, on weekends and holidays all day from 00:00, and it also expires at 03:00 the next day.
There is also a Bavarian night ticket ( Bayern Ticket Nacht), valid from 18:00 to 06:00 or 07:00 depending on the day of the week.
There is also "extended version Bavarian ticket - the so-called Bayern-Böhmen Ticket(Bavarian-Bohemian ticket). It gives you the opportunity to travel to some cities in the Czech Republic, including the stunning Cesky Krumlov. You can also use it to go to the famous spa resort Karlovy Vary and even to national park Bohemian Switzerland in the picturesque Elbe Valley.
The ticket is valid from 9 am to midnight on all types of transport, as usual, as well as on trains of several categories of Czech railways(ČD), excluding expressways.
How much does a Bavarian ticket cost in 2017
Note that traveling on such a ticket alone is not so profitable - it's all about the formula for calculating its cost:
- in the second class: 25 € for the first passenger and 6 € for each subsequent passenger (for example, a ticket for three will cost 37 €);
- in first class: for the first passenger 37.5 € and for each subsequent passenger 18.5 € (for example, a ticket for four will cost 93 €).
As for the night ticket, for the first passenger the ticket price is 23 € in the first class and 34.5 € in the second class, while the second and subsequent passengers will cost 3 € (and 14.5 € in the first class). Transport in many cities and between them runs almost around the clock, especially on weekends, which, you see, is very convenient.
Bavarian-Bohemian ticket price in 2017 a little higher than the standard year - 26 € for the first passenger and 5.6 € for each subsequent one.
As for children, babies under 5 years old can travel all over Germany for free. When buying a land ticket, one of the passengers (whose name is indicated first on the ticket or in whose name the ticket was purchased) has the right to take with him all his children and grandchildren between the ages of 6 and 14 at no additional charge.
If children of different parents are traveling with you, then when checking it is better to say that they are all yours in order to avoid unnecessary questions. Interestingly, dogs that require a separate ticket for their size can also be included in the number of passengers on the Bavarian ticket.
Territory of validity of the Bavarian ticket
Bavarian ticket (day and night)
In Germany
Bayern Ticket allows you to visit the vast majority of must see objects on the territory of this German state. Using the Bavarian ticket to, you can visit all the famous pubs and palaces in the vicinity of the city, and in Nuremberg see with your own eyes medieval Burg and the remains of buildings from the Nazi period.
It is very convenient to travel by train from Munich to the main gems of the Romantic Road - which you will never forget! And, of course, one cannot help but go to Old city Regensburg included in the list of objects World heritage UNESCO.
It is here that you can fully enjoy the variety of wonderful natural landscapes. Take any southern destinations to get to Bavarian Alps. A if this seems a little, then admire the Austrian directly from the territory of Tyrol.
Town Lindau on the famous Lake Constance attracts with its serenity and comfort. Borders converge right on the water surface three countries: Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
The real mecca of winter sports is Garmisch-Partenkirchen, a Allgäu famous not only for beautiful green meadows and cows with a bell, but also as the birthplace of biathlete Magdalena Neuner.
At the box office, the ticket will cost 2 € more than online or in vending machines.
If you want to buy a Bavarian ticket online, you must first select the type of ticket - day or night. Next, we select the number of passengers Day of Validity- the day on which this ticket will be valid. You can buy several tickets at once for different dates by clicking the button Additional Ticket.
Here we are asked to choose one of three - go to the site using your username and password (if you are already registered), register or continue without registering. If you rarely travel to Germany, opt for the friction option.
If you are not registered in the system, then you can buy a ticket only for yourself and your company. If you want to buy a ticket for people you will not travel with, you need to register.
We enter all the data, confirm the payment and receive a ticket to the post office - the purchase is complete.
Do I need to write the names of other passengers on the Bavarian ticket?
If you buy a ticket online, then you will receive a ticket of about this type by mail. You do not need to enter the names of fellow travelers, however, the controller may ask you to do this in front of him so that you do not pass the ticket to someone else. In case it is better to have a passport ready to check the data
If you buy a ticket at the box office, then there are two options: the ticket will contain lines for the names of fellow travelers, or it will only be. It all depends on the place of purchase.
If there are no lines for other passengers, don't worry - this is not a mistake! The controllers are familiar with all types of tickets and will themselves ask you to enter names if they need it.
You do not need to punch the ticket in advance, the controller does it himself when checking tickets.
To avoid trouble, it is better to ask the driver or employees in advance at the entrance to any type of transport, whether it is possible to travel with a Bavarian ticket. Or at least just show the ticket - where it is valid, you will be immediately confirmed.
It is especially important to check this when using cable cars and by all types of water transport. Although some intercity buses may have separate tickets. In general single ticket will allow you to use subways, trams, buses and trains throughout Bavaria!
This is why I like to travel around Europe, because transport is well developed there, and one, without knowing the language, can calmly move around the area, sightseeing. As a rule, you buy one ticket from the machine for all types of transport, and this ticket is valid for a certain time. The Bavarian ticket is no exception.
The ticket is valid for everyone local modes of transport in Bavaria (Germany is divided into lands, Bavaria with its capital in Munich is one of the lands):
- underground
- trams
- buses
- commuter trains
- and local trains, the numbers of which are indicated on the ticket, but more on that below.
We took a train in Munich, went to some city, there we got on a bus, a tram, and back again by train. In this case, the ticket is bought once and is valid all day long!
Yes, you heard right. This miracle ticket is valid all day long. So,
Validity of the Bavarian ticket
- on weekdays: from 9-00 to 03-00 the next day (that is, in fact, after breakfast at the hotel, you can go anywhere for the whole day, paying only once);
- on weekends and official holidays Bavaria: from 0-00 to 03-00 the next day (also for the whole day, even longer: you can travel in the morning).
There is also a Bavarian night ticket (Bayern Ticket Nacht), which is valid from 18-00 and ends at 06-00 the next day.
We only used Bavarian day tickets,. This was enough for us.
This is what the ticket looks like. But we also came across this format, small:
Cost of a Bavarian ticket in 2019 How much is the pleasure and does it make economic sense?
The best part for us ordinary travelers exploring German lands on foot was the price of a Bavarian ticket: the cost of a ticket per person is EUR 25, surcharge for each subsequent passenger - 7 euros each... The maximum number of passengers per ticket is 5 people.
Bavarian ticket price table 2019
The table shows the number of people (column 1), then - 2nd class, 1st class of the carriage, then - Bavarian night ticket for 2nd and 1st classes of the car.
We traveled for a long time and together, that is, our ticket costs only 27 euros for two, which, you see, is for the whole day, including intercity and even international transfers (and we went to Salzburg) as much as possible. And if there were five of us, we would pay 23 euros + 4 people * 4 euros = 39 euros, which is about 8 euros per person.
Bavarian ticket for children
Children under 5 years old travel free of charge in any transport in Germany, and with a Bavarian ticket, the person whose name is on the ticket can take all their children from 6 to 14 years old for free.
A child under 14 years old can travel for free only if no more than 2 adults are entered on the ticket !!! It is not possible to take a ticket for 3-4 adults and transport a child on it for free. In this case, the child must be entered on the ticket as an adult and paid for. The price for November 2018 is 27 euros, for each additional passenger 4 euros are added. Children should all be siblings. Two adult girlfriends and, for example, two children can travel on a ticket only if these children are children of one of these women. If these are two women, each with her own child, then it is impossible. For children you need to pay extra, as for adults. The fines are big, it's better not to risk it. We took two tickets, each of which contained 2 adults and 1 child went for free. They checked the tickets 2 times, the controller said that they did everything right. They did not require any documents confirming the relationship between the mother and the child.
Comment from user Irina (see below from 09.11.2018).
Rules for using the Bavarian ticket in 2019 What a tourist needs to know?
- Before using the ticket, be sure to enter the full name of the traveler (s) in the special field. Have your documents with you so that the examiner can verify the name.
We entered both names, however, a little lower than necessary - there is another line at the top.
- If you paid for the ticket with a plastic card, be sure to have it with you - the inspector may ask you to present it.
- Keep your ticket for the entire trip.
- You do not need to punch your ticket.
Where can you go with a Bavarian ticket?
Anywhere within Bavaria, as well as in some cities in Austria (Salzburg, Ulm, Kufstein). For example, we went:
- to Regensburg from Munich
Bavarian-Bohemian ticket
There is an "extended" version of the Bavarian ticket for visiting Czech Bohemia - Bayern-B? Hmen-Ticket (Karlovy Vary, Cesky Krumlov and a number of other cities). The Bavarian-Bohemian ticket is a little more expensive; however, you cannot get to Prague by it.
So, what types of transport are covered by the Bavarian ticket?
- city transport (buses, trams, except for express and sightseeing buses).
- subway (U-Bahn, denoted by the letter U).
- electric trains (S-Bahn, denoted by the letter S).
- regional trains with markings RB, RE, M, ALEX, BOB and other local and regional trains. Attention, Bavarian ticket It does not work in high-speed trains and intercity trains ICE, IC, EC, D.
It is international high-speed train ICE- the Bavarian ticket is not valid for him.
How to get the timetable of trains covered by the Bavarian ticket, read. I made a photo instruction. See also: answers to frequently asked questions from tourists.
How to buy a Bavarian ticket?
It is very easy to buy a ticket in special machines Fahrkarten / Tickets but I prepared.
There are machines at all stations, crossings and other places in the city.
In front of you detailed map Bavaria with city names and settlements in Russian. Move the map by holding it with the left mouse button. You can move around the map by clicking on one of the four arrows in the upper left corner. You can change the scale by the scale on the right side of the map or by turning the mouse wheel.
In which country is Bavaria
Bavaria is located in Germany. It's wonderful a nice place, with its own history and traditions. Bavaria coordinates: north latitude and east longitude (show on a large map).
Virtual walk
The figurine of the "little man" above the scale will help you take a virtual walk through the cities of Bavaria. By clicking and holding the left mouse button, drag it to any place on the map and you will go for a walk, while inscriptions with the approximate address of the area will appear in the upper left corner. Choose the direction of movement by clicking on the arrows in the center of the screen. The "Satellite" option at the top left allows you to see a relief image of the surface. In the "Map" mode you will have the opportunity to get acquainted in detail with by road Bavaria and major attractions.
