In Asia, the highest mountains. Geography of Asia

Mountains sincecrall attracted a person. The history of their research is extremely fascinating. Many people are interested in what the highest mountain in the world.

The proposed material describes the most famous mountain peaks of the world, the history of their conquest and interesting moments related to this.

The European continent is part of the mainland of Eurasia. Unlike the Asian half, it does not differ so serious mountain peaks.

But there are mountain ranges with tops that are part of the list of the most significant on Earth. Consider a detailed feature of remarkable mountains in Europe.

In Russia the greatest height Different mountain range of the Caucasus.

The most famous peaks include:

• Dykhtau. - Located near the Georgian-Russian border. The vertex is first conquered in 1888 by a mixed Swedish-English climbing team.

  It is easy to climb and enjoys the constant popularity among tourists. Height - 5205 m.

• Elbrus. - The highest mountain in the country is formed to be extinct volcanic jerle and consists of two peaks combined with a jumper.

  Western of them exceeds the sea level by 5642 m. The first climb of it was made by the English team in 1874.

• Tsakhvo. - The most significant and picturesque peak in Sochi. The biosphere reserve is formed here.
• In Dagestan There are five vertices, some of which exceed the sea level by four with a small thousand meters.

In addition to the Caucasus, it is impossible not to mark Ural Mountains. This system is characterized by a large age, if compared with the previous one, and therefore does not differ in a serious height.

Ural Mountains Conditionally disperse Eurasia into two parts of the world are characterized by large deposits of minerals. From the point of view of climbers, there is nothing remarkable in the Urals.

Altai Mountains They are located near the Mongol border and are characterized by stepped form of relief with islandish peaks and lake valleys. The height of their vertices does not exceed two thousand meters.

They do not differ height and mountains in the Crimea. The most famous peak (Roman-Kash) extends above the sea level 1545 m.

Eastern Europe is noted by the following mountains designated on the map:

• Goverla, located in Ukraine on the Carpathians - Popular tourist object, 2061 m. Opening of the first tourist route It took place in 1880.

  Part of the Carpathian ridge is called the name of the Ugric Mountains in some local peoples living in Hungary and Western Ukraine. The massif is low, but very picturesque.

• In Kazakhstan - arrays characterized by high and low-bearing areas.

  In the lowland, located in the center of the country, the upper point is placed on one and a half thousand meters. Alpine piqueties exceeding one and a half thousand meters.

• Georgia is highlighted by Mount Schhara with a height of 5201 m., Representing the central part of the Caucasian massif, on the border with our country.
• In Bashkortostan is known to Yamantau, representing southern Urals; It is characterized by two peaks, large (1640 m.) and small (1510 m.).

In the territory Western Europe The following mountains are:

• Mont Blanc - Western European peak (4810 m.) At the border of Italy and France in the western part of the Alpine massif.
• Dufur (4634 m.) - Top at the Swiss and Italian territory. The highest mountain swiss peak.
• Home (4554 m.) - Swiss mountain, first conquered by British Davis.
• Liskovamm (4538 m.) - Peak on the border territory of Switzerland and Italy, dangerous snow avalanches and nicknamed cannis.
• Weisshorn (4506 m.) - Another Swiss vertex, conquered by British climber John Tyndal.
• Matterhorn (4478 m) - Also on the border of Switzerland and Italy. With its conquest, four mountaineers broke into the abyss.
• Unlike the nearest neighbors, In Germany there are no high arrays. It is noted the presence of several peaks with a height of up to three thousand meters.
• In Great Britain There are also several mountain SystemsThe greatest height is characterized by the Grampian Mountains representing Scotland.

  The height of some peaks exceeds 1.3 thousand meters from the base.

• In Greece There are several vertices, the most significant of which is Olympus. The ancient Greek myths that have come down to us from the deep past of Greece are connected with it.

  In addition, there are several more peaks, with a height that does not exceed three thousand meters.

The story of the highest mountains of Asia

The Asian continent has the presence of the highest vertices belonging to the Himalayan Mountains throughout the territory of different countries:

• Jomolungma (8848 m.). Modern name Mountains - Everest, is located in China, next to Nepal.

  To the top of the mountain it is impossible to get without the use of special oxygen devices. For the first time conquered in 1853.

• Chechrie (8611 m.) - almost reaches Everest. Located in the northern territories of Pakistan.
• Kanchenjanga (8586 m.) - Also in the Himalayas, in India, not far from Nepal.
• Lhotse (8516 m.) - A representative of the Tibetan Autonomous Area, posted next to Everest, from which the South Saddle pass separated.

  The first time on the peak rose a Swiss expedition in 1956.

• Makalu (8485 m.) - Another Himalayan Peak, conquered in 1955 by the French team.
• Himalayan chain Presented besides those listed six more eight-thousanders belonging to India, Pakistan and China.
• In Japan The famous vertex is the mountain of volcanic origin of Fujiima, without reaching up to four thousand meters.

  Thanks to the closest to the ideal conical outline, this is a cult object on Honshu Island, the place of worship of pilgrims of Buddhist and Shinto religions.

• In Australia no high mountainsBut they are also peculiar as the continent himself.

  The height of the West Inspectoral Plateau does not exceed five hundred meters. Shares the mainland chain, four thousand kilometers long.

  It is called the Australian Alps, it is highest system On the continent, some peaks of which barely exceed two thousand meters.

In addition to the listed, the mining systems are in other parts of the world.

In Africa, Unlike Asia, there is no high mountain. Fame uses Kilimanjaro, whose name is translated as "sparkling mountain," is located in Tanzania, the height is nine hundred meters.

In North America Interesting array of Corderians. Most of the United States also goes through Canada and Mexico.

The ridge is located along the western part of the American continent, the length of over the six hundred and fifty kilometers. The vertex Robson, which is part of the Rocky Mountains, is towering at 3954 m.

IN South America This array continues with Andami. It is a longest mountain chain on Earth, length - nine thousand kilometers, a medium height of four thousand meters is noted.

The highest peak is Akonkagua (almost seven thousand meters) - located on the territory of Argentina.

In Antarctica There are several mountain chains. The height of the Massif Winson reaches 4892 m.

Top 10 The highest mountains of the world

Let us give a list of the 10 highest vertices of the world in the table specified in descending:

Photos of these vertices can be easily found on the Internet.

Interesting fact! In the list highest peaks Presents Himalayas - the most significant mountain system in the world.

The highest mountain in the world - what is called, what is the height, the history of climbing

As already noted, the most big Mount On the planet - Jomolungma. Any climber dreams of climbing on her, but not everyone can boast of it.

With climbing on top, almost three hundred climbers and Sherpov died. Came up to seven thousand successful expeditions, in which more than four thousand people participated.

The first attempt was made in 1921 and ended in failure. Italian climbers just achieved success in 1953.

As we see, on the planet, many vertices putting difficult tasks in front of a person.

But, conquering mountain peaks, people, overcoming multiple difficulties, harde the character and improve themselves. Only a purposeful person will achieve success in conquering mountains.

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Geography of Asia
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In the West, Asia borders with Europe, the east coast Mediterranean Seaas well as with Marble sea, Bosphorus, Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea.

In East, Asia borders with the Pacific Ocean, and with a large number of bays and seas.

The Arctic Ocean and several seas form the northern border of Asia, one of them - the Bering Sea separates Asia from North America. In the south-west, the Red Sea and Suez's experiencing separate the continent from Africa.

The Indian Ocean form most of the southern border of Asia, as well as a series of bays, bays, and seas, and, moreover, extensive chains of inhabited and uninhabited islands.

Desert asia

On the territory of Asia and the near (medium) East stretches a few extensive deserts. Next will be listed the main ones.

Arabian desert

Arabian Waste (Other Name - desert of the Arabian Peninsula) - an extensive desert region extending from Yemen to Persian GulfAnd from Oman to Jordan and Iraq. The desert is located on the territory of the Middle East.

Goby

Desert Gobi - the largest desert in Asia, with an area of \u200b\u200b1,300,000 sq. Km. On the territory of the Gobi desert extending from North China to Mongolia, every year there is only about 18 cm of rainfalls, due to the fact that Himalayan Mountains Block the path with rain clouds.

Karakum

The desert of the Karakum covers the distance of 350,000 sq. Km, almost 70 percent of the total area of \u200b\u200bTurkmenistan. Due to the fact that the desert is located along the Caspian Sea, climatic conditions in the Karakum are softer than many other Asian deserts for which the harsh winters and dry summer are characteristic.

Kyzylkum

On the territory of this desert, stretching from Kazakhstan to Uzbekistan, with an area of \u200b\u200b300,000 sq. Km, a variety of flora and fauna is presented. And although only 10 cm annually falls over the desert every year, rain passes into more cool seasons, thanks to which the water evaporates not very quickly, and allows you to maintain existence in this area migrating in large quantities of animals.

Altyntag Mountains (left top corner) forming
part of the northern border of Tibetan Highlands,
sharply contrast with the desert tacla makan.
Image of NASA
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Takla Makan.

China's largest desert extends with a total area of \u200b\u200bover 337,000 sq. Km. Takla Makan, mainly consisting of changing and moving sand dunes, is one of the largest sand deserts in the world. Despite the unfriendly and unpredictable nature of the sands of the desert, the Government of China built a road passing through the desert in the mid-1990s.

The Tar Desert, located in India and Pakistan, with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 200,000 sq. Km, is the only subtropical desert of Asia. Above 50 cm. Rain falls over the desert every year during the monsoon period from July to September, and most of the crop are grown in this rainy season.

Lake Asia

Dozens of seas and lakes are located on the territory of Asia. Next will be listed by some of the largest and most significant.

Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea, located in the western part of Asia, as well as on the eastern border of Europe, is the largest lake on the planet. This lake is referred to as the "sea" due to the Romans who considered it salty, especially in its southern borders, and since then the name has taken root. Along the shores of the sea in abundance there are platforms for the extraction of oil and natural gas. In addition, large quantities of sturgeon in the waters of the lake dwell, from the caviar of which is especially valuable caviar. Fresh water falls into the sea through the River Volga and the Urals in the north, however, the sea still remains brassing. The surface area of \u200b\u200bthe lake - 371,000 sq. Km, the greatest depth - 1,025 m.

Baikal

Lake Baikal is located in the south-eastern part of Russia (in Siberia), north of Mongolia. Baikal is the largest freshwater lake in the world, as well as the deepest (with a depth of 1,620 m.). Baikal contains 20% of the total total fresh water in the world. The greatest width of Baikal is 96 km., Length is 626 km. The lake is completely surrounded by the mountains, over 300 rivers and streams fall into it.

Aral Sea

The Aral Sea is in the west of Asia, a little east of the Caspian Sea, in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The Aral Sea quickly merge (evaporates), and today it is almost completely contaminated with fertilizer runoff, residual products from weapons testing carried out Soviet Union, as well as various industrial facilities. Waters this seaAccording to many experts, is one of the worst environmental catastrophes. The rotation of the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers for irrigation began in 1918, and this action, together with other factors, led to the fact that now the Aral Sea is 60% less than its original size. In recent years, the situation has improved somewhat in the northern part of the sea, but the lower part of the sea is essentially broken, and it is assumed that the remaining water in this part will disappear within ten years.

Mountains Asia

There are several significant mountain chains in Asia. Below will be considered some of them.

Altai Mountains

Altai Mountains - a mountain range located in Eastern and Central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan are found, and where they take the beginning of the Irtysh River and Ob. Beluha Mountain - the highest point Altai Gor. (with a height of 4,506 m).

Gati.

Western gates - a mountain range located along the western part of India, with a medium height of 1,200 m. Eastern gates - the chain of the mountains passing along eastern coast India. The highest point is Biligirigrian Hills (1 552 m.).

Himalayas

Photography on the left depicts the Himalayan Mountains. In the foreground - Tibetan Highlands. In the center shows Everest, on the left - macal.
Photography on the right depicts the chogyri mountain. Both photographs are made from the ISS. NASA images
Click to enlarge

In Southeast Asia, many exciting attractions and interesting places, such as the magical world of coral reefs or the breathtaking view of Skylaine Hong Kong, Singapore or Shanghai, but the peaks of the most beautiful mountains are the mansion.

1. Mount Doy Luang in Chiang Dao ( Thailand)

Mount Doy Luang Chiang Dao - the highest limestone peak in Thailand and one of the destinations of dreams for nature lovers and active rest. Mountain located in the reserve wildlife Chiang Dao, has a height of 2 195 meters from the sea level. Peak - perfect placeTo observe exciting landscapes over the morning fog sea. Rare species of birds and butterflies live in surrounding highlands.

2. Vulcan Bromo (Indonesia)

Bromo volcano, 3,392 meters high, is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Indonesia, the peak is located in East Java on the island of Java and refers to volcanic complexTheger. Bromo is the most sign and most popular mountain in Indonesia. He is majestically manitis with his sulfur evaporation from the depths of the earth. Bromo volcano still remains one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and there are areas that are prohibited for tourists inspection. The most beautiful landscape on Bromo will open during sunrise.

3. Mount APO (Philippines)

The current volcano of APO is located to the west of the city of Davao on the island of Mindanao. With a height of 2,954 meters above sea level, Mount APO, is the highest vertex in the Philippines. It stands covered with wood high-mountain tropical hardwood. Highlands are home to the Rare Philippine Eagle and has numerous vertices and valleys, as well as local attractions: Malacita Waterfall, Lake Sibulao and hot springs Kissinta.

4. Harkabo Mountain (Myanmar)

Khkakabo times is considered the most high mountain In Myanmar. With a height of 5,881 meters, it is located at the point of contact of the borders of the three states: India, Myanmar and China. Peak is B. national Park Khkakabo times, Myanmar, which is completely mining and characterized by broader evergreen forests. Even above, about 4,600 meters, cold, fruitless, windy terrain and permanent snow and glaciers prevail. At an altitude of about 5,300 meters there is a large ice hat with several glaciers.

5. Phubia (Laos)

Mount Phubia is the highest peak and the most inaccessible region in Laos. With a height of 2,820 meters above sea level, it is part of the Annam Mountain Ridge at the southern limit of Sangkhuang Plateau in the province of the eponymous province. This area gives breathtaking views of the jungle. The climate is cold, and the area around the mountain is always cloud.

6. Fanspan (Vietnam)

The vertex Fansipan is located in the province of Lao Cai in the North-West region of Vietnam. With a height of 3 143 meters above sea level - this is the highest mountain in Indochita. Peak is located in 9 kilometers from Ca Pa, the village located on the Hoang Ridge Lyan Son.

Majestic Mountain Kinabalu is located in Sabaine, Eastern Malaysia, or Malaysian Borneo. Mountain is located in Kinabalu Park, this is an object World Heritage UNESCO. Peak and its surroundings are among the most important biological objects in the world. Mount Kinabalu boasts many natural attractions, including orangutans, and plant species, such as giant Rafflesia plants.

8. Mount Hyen (Indonesia)

Volcano Izyhen is in the largercalders IHEN, about 20 kilometers width. Mount Merapy The highest point of this complex, name means "Mount Fire" in Indonesian. To the west of Gunung Merapy is the Volcano IHEN, which has a single-cell acidic acidcrater Lake S. Turquoise tint, the main attraction of this place.

9. Rice terraces Banowe (Philippines)

How would you feel by traveling at low mud banks separating flooded rice fields at an altitude of more than 1,500 meters and reaching some peaks? Insogno to walk through a terraced rice farm, which comes to a height of 1,500 meters above sea level. Paradise Banowe terraces in Ifugao, Philippines are recognized for their expanses and endless beauty.

Rice terrace is proof of engineering ingenuity of ancient people. About 2,000 years ago, the ancestors of the indigenous inhabitants of Ifugao cut these rice terraces with their hands using primitive tools. Now this is a World Heritage Object, where you can immerse yourself in the culture of Highland Ifugao.

10. Mount Rindjani (Indonesia)

Mount Rindjani - active volcano On the island of Lombok, Indonesia. With a height of 3,726 meters, this is the second in the height of the peak in the country. Here journey through Rindjani is considered one of the most popular in Indonesia to the sights among attractions. Travelers should climb up, and then down to the crater to get to the lake at an altitude of 2,000 meters above sea level.

Continental Asia - the dream of climbers around the world. Almost all of its territory consists of mountains and flatbed. Here are the highest mountain systems of the planet. Mountains of Asia excite the imagination and attract attention. I want to talk about them a little more.

Himalayas

Himalayas are a powerful mountain ridge, which is the highest on earth. The history of the formation of this mountain system has tens of millions of years. Here are the seven thousandths and eight-thousandths. It is enough to say that all over the world of vertices above 8 thousand meters of only 14, and 10 of them are in these places. And the highest place of the planet is Jomolungma, too. The second name of this Grand Vertine is Everest. Its height is 8848 m.

Asia attract many extremals. It can be assumed that the conquest of Everest for them is the main goal of life. Its slopes became the last refuge of many climbers, and under the top of Asia and the entire planet. For the first time, Jomolungma was submitted to a person in 1953, and since that time the stream of wishing to step on the top of the world does not dry.

The southern slopes of the Himalayas are constantly under the influence of monsoon and abundant with precipitation. Northern slopes in the cold and dry continental climate zone.

Pamir

This mining system is located in several states. Afghanistan, China, Tajikistan and India are countries through which mountain ridge passes. The highest point of the Pamir - the peak of Congur. To visit him, you will have to go to China. The height of the curled is 7649 meters above sea level.

The Pamir boasts three more seven thousandths. To date, renamed Peak Ismail Samani. The height of the vertex is 7495 m.

Peak Lenin is now the peak Abu Ali Ibn Sina. The height of the vertex is 7134 m. The name of this peak was perpetuated by the name of the greatest height of antiquity - Avicenna.

Peak Corgenevskaya. The greatest recognition in love! The height of 7105 m was opened in 1910 by the Russian geographer Korzhevsky and named after his wife and permanent companion in the most difficult journeys and expeditions - Eugene Korzhevskaya.

The climate of the Pamirs is sharply continental. There are very cold winters and a short summer. Asia Mountains in principle are replete with glaciers, and the Pamir is no exception. The largest glacier Pamirs is the name of the great geographer and researcher Fedchenko. He was opened in 1928.

Karakorum

Describe the mountains of Asia and not to tell about the caracorum would be a mistake. An eight-thousandthrin was formed in this system, quite a bit lost the highest top of the world. The name of this peak is Dapsang, and its height is 8611 m. Medium height This mining system exceeds 6000 meters. Most of the passages are located at altitudes from 4500 to 5800 m. Karakorum ridge consists of crystalline rocks, shale and different types of marble. Here are the largest glaciers in Asia.

Tien Shan and Kunlun

These outstanding mountain systems also belong to the highest in the world. Tien Shan passes through five countries. His name from the Chinese language is translated as "Heavenly Mountains". A large number of vertices of this ridge is located above 6000 meters. Highest top Tien Shan is located on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and is called the peak of victory. Its height is 7440 m.

Kunlun is the longest mountain system of Asia. Its length is more than 2,700 km. BUT the highest point Systems - Aksai Chin Mount, the height of which is 7167 m. The name of the entire system is translated as "Moon Mountains".

This is only part of the answer to the question of which mountains in Asia are the highest. Full list Asian mountain systems consist of several tens of names. So for people in curious in this direction there are still many interesting information.

Three quarters of Asia's surface occupy a hill and mountains. No wonder yellow and brown colors paint almost the entire physical map of Asia.

From peninsula Small Asia and Arabia to the shores Pacific Ocean A solid strip of flatbed and mountains of different height is stretched. The highest mountain chains and plans are placed in Central Asia. They diverge to the northeast and southeast of the mountainous country Pamir (USSR) (Fig. 53).

3. on contour map Asia circle a red pencil southern border THE USSR. Then, fill the brown pencil all the mountain ranges along this border.

4. Learn to show all the rivers of North Asia, as well as AMU Daria, Cheese Daria and Amur. You say: where does the river flow, which lowland or plateau crosses and which the sea flows on.

The highest mountains of Asia and the whole world - Himalayas - go southeast of Pamirs. From the south, from the Industan lowland, they rise by several parallel ridges, one above each other (Fig. 56). And above all these ridges rises, above the clouds and clouds, the snow-white chain of the Chief Ridge of the Himalayas with a vertex Everest (about 9 kilometers of height).

No matter how many people have tried to climb on this top in the world, no one has yet managed to do this: too rare there air, frost and wind too strong.

Even at the hottest time of year, when in India, on the shores of Ganges, there are tropical heat, luxurious vegetation blooms, - on the tops of the Himalayas, fluttering blizzards, frost crack. Snow Owls deep cracks In the glaciers wait for bold travelers and often rub them close to the goal (read the story of climbing on)

With huge Himalayan glaciers flow a lot of rivers merging in large rivers (Fig. 57). They flow south, rich or crossing the chains of the mountains. The main one is Ganges and Indwhich form indostan lowland.

To the north of the Himalayas rises high plogram Tibet (Fig. 58). Tibet lies at an altitude of 4 kilometers, i.e. at the height of the Alps in Europe. Only familiar people can live on this plateau, since the air is very resolved there.

From Eastern Tibeta take the beginning long rivers Asia - Yellow and BlueForming Chinese lowland.

North of Tibet spread over a large exaltation space. It is significantly lower than Tibet; Her mountains surrounded on all sides. There are almost no rivers and lakes here. This is a desert Goby, fruitless, with a rare population.

Such is the surface of Central Asia. Western Asia, as you can see on the map, almost completely easy. Only between the Black and Caspian seas, on the border of Europe and Asia stands high Caucasian Range with many glaciers and tops up to 5.5 kilometers (Elbrus).

1. Find on the Asia map and the Hemisphanage of Himalayas, Tibet and Gobi.

2. Follow the flow of rivers: Indea, Ganges, Blue, yellow. Mark their origins on the contour card.

3. Skin the brown pencil called the above mountains, having them in accordance with the flow of rivers.

4. Plateore Tibet Make a light flux, and elevation north of it is yellow. The same color fasten the hill of West Asia, allocation Caucasian Mountains Brown.

5. All the rest of Asia and major islands On the contour map, fracture yellow and green, harmonizing the coloring with the physical map of Asia.

6. Learn to show all the large rivers of Eastern and South Asia, speaking: where does the river begged, what kind of hill and the lowland crosses and which the sea flows.