Height of the Himalayan Mountains painted on the map. Where are the Himalayas: geographical position, description, height

Himalayas are considered to be the highest and mysterious mountains of the planet Earth. The name of this array can be translated from Sanskrit as the "snow country". Himalayas serve as a conditional separator of South and Central Asia. Hindus consider the place of their location of the sacred land. Numerous legends argue that the tops of the Himalayan Mountains were the habitat of the god Shiva, his wife Devi and their daughter Himavat. According to the old beliefs, the dwelling of the gods gave the beginning of three Great Asian rivers - Hind, Gangu, Brahmaputre.

Origin of Himalaya

For the origin and development of the Himalayan Mountains it took several stages that took a total of about 50,000,000 years. Many researchers believe that the beginning of the emergence of Himalayas gave two colliding tectonic plates.

I wonder what is currently mining system continues its development, formation of folding. The Indian stove moves towards the northeast at a speed of 5 cm per year, compressing with 4 mm. Scientists argue that such promotion will lead to further rapprochement of India with Tibet.

The speed of this process is comparable to the growth of human nails. In addition, intensive geological activity in the form of earthquakes periodically observes in the mountains.

Impressive fact - Himalayas occupy a considerable part of the entire surface of the Earth (0.4%). This territory is incomparable in comparison with other mountain objects.

Which mainland is the Himalayas: geographic information

Tourists who are preparing for the trip should find out where Himalayas are located. The place of their location is the mainland of Eurasia (his Asian part). In the north, the massif is Tibetan Highlands. In the southern direction, this role went to Indo-Ganga Plain.

The Himalayan mountain system stretched 2,500 km, and its width is at least 350 km. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe array is 650,000 m².

Many Himalayan ridges boast a height up to 6 km. The highest point is represented also hereinafter referred to as Jomolungma. Her absolute height equal to 8848 m, which is a record among other mountain peaks of the planet. Geographical coordinates - 27 ° 59'17 "Northern latitude, 86 ° 55'31" Eastern longitude.

Himalayas spread out in several countries. Proud neighborhood S. majestic Mountains Not only the Chinese and Hindus, but also the peoples of Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan. The sites of this mountain range are present in the territories of some post-Soviet countries: Tajikistan includes the North Mountain Rud (Pamir).

Characteristic of natural conditions

The natural conditions of the Himalayan mountains can not be called soft and stable. The weather on this area is prone to frequent changes. Many sites have a dangerous relief, and at large altitudes there is a cold. Even in the summer, frost is maintained to -25 ° C, and in winter it is enhanced to -40 ° C. On the territory of the mountains, there are no rare hurricane winds whose impulses reach 150 km / h. Summer and spring average temperature Air increases to +30 ° C.

In the Himalayas, it is customary to distinguish between 4 climate options. From April to June, the mountains are covered with wild herbs and flowers, coolness and freshness reign in the air. Since July and ending with August, there are rains in the mountains, the largest rainfall falls. In these summer months, the slopes of the mountain ranges are covered with turbulent vegetation, fogs often appear. Before the arrival of November, warm and comfortable weatherAfter which the sunny frosty winter comes with abundant snowfall.

Description of plant world

Himalayan vegetation surprises a variety. On susceptible sediments, the southern slope clearly visible high-rise belts, and the Mountains will grow real jungle (theractions). In these places in abundance there are large thickets of trees and shrubs. In some places, dense lianas, bamboo, numerous bananas, low palm trees are found. Sometimes you can get on areas intended for growing some plant crops. These places are usually cleared and dried by a person.

Rising a little higher in the slopes, you can alternately hide in tropical, coniferous, mixed forests, which in turn spread out the picturesque alpine meadows. In the north of the mountain ridge and in more dry areas, the territory is represented by the steppe and semi-deserts.

In the Himalayas there are trees giving people expensive wood and resin. Here you can get to the place of growing Dhaka, Salovy Trees. At the height of 4 km is found in abundance of tundra vegetation in the form of rhododendrons, mosses.

Local fauna

Himalayan mountains have become a reliable refuge for many disappearing animals. Here you can meet with rare representatives of local fauna - Irbis, a black bear, a Tibetan fox. In the southern region mountain Ridge There are all the necessary conditions for residence of leopards, tigers and rhinos. Representatives of the North of Himalayans include yaks, antelope, mountain goats, wild horses.

In addition to the richest flora and fauna, Himalayas are replete with a variety of minerals. In these places, scattering gold, copper and chromium ore, oil, stone salt, brown coal are actively producing.

Parks and valleys

In the Himalayas you can visit the parks and valleys, many of which are counted World Heritage UNESCO:

1. Sagramathu.
2. Flower valley.

Sagarmatha National Park belongs to the territory of Nepal. Its special property is considered the highest peak of Everest and other high mountains.

Nanda-Devi Park is a natural treasure of India, and is located in the heart of the Himalayan mountains. This picturesque place spread out at the foot of the hill with the same name, and has an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 60,000 hectares. Park height above sea level at least 3500 m.

The most picturesque places of Nanda-Devi are represented by the grand glaciers, Rishi Ganga River, mystical lake Skeletons around which numerous human and animal remains were detected by legend. It is believed that there was a sudden loss of an unusually large degree to massive deaths.

Not far from Nanda-Devi Park is a flower valley. Here, in the territory of about 9000 hectares, several hundred colorful plants grows. Over 30 varieties of flora adorning the Indian Valley are considered disappearing, and about 50 species are applied to therapeutic purposes. In these places also live a variety of feathered. Most of them can be seen in the Red Book.

Buddhist temples

Himalayas are famous for their Buddhist monasteries, many of which are in hard-to-reach places, and are buildings carved from the cliff. Most of the temples have a long history of existence, age up to 1000 years, and there are enough "closed" lifestyle. Some of the monasteries are open to all those wishing to get acquainted with the lifeguings of monks, interior decoration holy places. They can be done nice pictures. Entrance to the territory of other shrines for visitors is strictly prohibited.

The largest and most consistent monasteries include:

• DrepungLocated in China.
  
  
  
  
• Temple complexes of Nepal - Bodnath, BudanylKantha, Psayambunath.
  
  
  
• JokangThe pride of Tibet.
  
  
  

A thoroughly protected religious shrine, commonly found in the Himalayas, are Buddhist stups. These cult monuments were built by the monks of the past in honor of any important event in Buddhism, as well as for the sake of prosperity and harmony around the world.

A visit to Himalayas tourists

The most suitable time for traveling in Himalayas is considered to be the period from May to July and September-October. During these months, vacationers can count on sunny and warm weather, no abundant precipitation and strong winds. For lovers of adrenaline sports, there are few, but modern ski resorts.

In the Himalayan mountains you can find hotels and hotels of various price categories. In religious quarters there are special homes for pilgrims and admirers of the local religion - ashrama, having ascetic living conditions. Accommodation in such premises is rather cheap, and sometimes it can be completely free. Instead of a fixed amount, guests can offer voluntary donation or help on housekeeping.

Himalayas are a mountain system located in the southern part of Asia. Himalayas are part of such states as Nepal, India, Pakistan, Tibet and Bhutan. This mountain range is the highest in the world, reaching the height of almost 9,000 meters above sea level. Himalayas separated the Indian subcontinent from the inside of Asia. The word "Himalayas" means "snow house".

In the Himalayas for as many as 14 mountains exceed 8,000 meters in height, among them, K2, Nangarbat and Mount Everest. The height of the last 8848 meters, makes it the most high mountain in the world. Himalayas have a length of over 1500 miles (2400 km.) From the Indus Valley in the West to the Brahmaputra Valley in the East. Their width from 100 to 250 kilometers.

Many mountain peaks are sacred for people who live in the surrounding area Hindus and Buddhist pilgrims come here and pray to God.

As Himalayas were formed

Himalayas belong to the number of the youngest mountain systems in the world. They were formed when the Indian subcontinent, who was originally part of the southern slab, moved to the north and crashed into Asia. This movement began about 70 million years ago and continues to this day. Himalayas are still becoming higher, growing about 7 cm per year. Earthquakes and volcanoes are proof of the high activity of the region.

Rivers and lakes

Glaciers and permanent snowfields cover the high mountain areas of the Himalayas they are the source of streams that fall into two large rivers of this region. Indus flows to the smelt and through Pakistan in the Arabian Sea. Ganges and Brahmaputra flow to the east and are connected in Bangladesh, they form the world's largest river delta.

Climate

Almost any type of climate occurs at different heights in the mountains. The lower slopes in the south serve as a house for tropical plants and tea. Trees grow to a height of 4000 meters. Wheat and other cereals grow in higher areas.

Himalayas affect the climate and in India and in Tibet. They form a barrier from monsoon winds that blow with Indian Ocean Through India. On the outside of the mountains there are strong rains, while dry wind blows on Tibet's plains.

Population

Himalayas are very weakly populated due to the harsh climate. The majority of people live on low Indian slopes. Many people earn their lives like Sherpi, taking tourists and climbers to the peaks of the mountains.

The mountains were a natural obstacle for millennia. They stopped people from China and the inner parts of Asia from mixing with the Indian population. Genghis Khan, the emperor Mongolov was stopped from expanding his empire to the south due to the height of the mountains.

Most roads that cross the Himalayas are at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters. In winter, they are covered with snow and almost impassable.

Tourism

Mountaineering has become the main direction of tourism in the Himalayan mountains. It started almost at the end of the 19th century when many climbers began climbing peaks. In 1953, the Alpinist Edmund Hillary and a representative of the indigenous Tibetan people of Sherpa Tencing Norki were the first to conquer the highest point of our planet - the vertex of Everest.

Currently, Himalayas are recognized as the world's highest mining system. It separates the Industan Peninsula from the rest of Asia. In total, there are 109 peaks in the chain, most of which reaches a height of 7300 m above sea level. SAMI high top Himalayas - Everest (in Nepali "Jomolungma", which means "Goddess Mother of Snow") - recognized as one of beautiful mountains Our planet.

The length of the Himalayan mountain range along the northern border of Industan is more than 2414 km. Caracorum Mountains entering it begin in the north-west of Pakistan and stretch to the southeast, moving through Kashmir to the Northern District of India. And Himalayas, unfolding to the east, pass through the territories of several states (Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan), as well as on the territory of the province of Aru-Start-Pradesh, located in the northeastern part of Assam. In the north of these areas lies the mountain watershed, followed by the Chinese areas of Tibetan mountains and Chinese Turkestan.

Himalayas spread out in India, Nepal, China (Tibetan Autonomous District), Pakistan, Butane.

Going to the West, Himalayas are divided into two mountain chains: Pamir and Hindukush. And in the East, they turn to the south and merge with small mountains located in the northern areas of Burma.

All the foothills of Himalayas have long been populated by several peoples. However, they only engaged in the fact that gardens were grown and cultivated gardens, not worrying about the study native land. European scientists and climbers appealed to the study of the history of the formation and development of the Himalayan mountain system in the XIX century. They were able to reach vertices of some mountains located in the Himalayas.

In 1856, in the Department of Land Use, one of the countries located in the territory of the Himalayans were gained interesting data. An analysis of photographic documents made in 1849-1850 showed that the height of the peak at the number of XV, located on the Tibetan-Nepalese border, was 8840 m above sea level. Then the peak with the number XV was recognized as the highest and named after the main topograph of India, George Everest. Now there are quite a few people who have never heard of the highest top of our planet and do not know Everest names.

With discovery new vertex Alpinists had a completely natural goal - conquering the highest mountain. In the 20s of the 20th century, several successful attempts to conquer the approach to Everest was taken. Then climbers walked mainly by Tibet, because Nepal was at that time a closed state, and therefore did not take tourists. After the Nepalese government opened the doors of his country for tourists, numerous climbers groups rushed to the southern slopes of the Himalayan mountains. It was possible to conquer the peak itself only in May 1953. And they made this New Zelandets Edmund Hill Lari and Nephalot Tensig Norgai.

The Himalaya system, about 2400 kilometers in length and different in width from 240 to 330 kilometers, consists of three parallel ridges - large Himalayas, small Himalayas, Pregimalayev - sometimes under the general name of the Himalaya Range.

Large Himalayas, or the northern ridge, on average about 6000 meters high and contains the three highest mountains on Earth: Mount Everest (8796 meters) on the Sino-Nepalese border; K2 (8611 meters, also known as Mount Onevin-Osten) is disputed by India, Pakistan and China, and Kanchenjanga (8598 meters) on the Indian-Nepalese border. Many large mountains are completely in India, such as Nanda Devi (7817 m) in Uttar Pradesh. Snow line on average 4500 to 6000 meters on the southern slope of large Himalayas and 5500 to 6000 on the northern slope.

Small Himalayas are located in the northwestern part of India in the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, in North-Central India in Sikkim, and in Northeast India in Arunachal Pradesh, ranging from 1500 to 5000 meters in height .

Pregimalayas or southern Himalayas, on average from 900 to 1200 meters above sea level, is located between small Himalayas and Indo-Ganga Plain. In Himachal Pradesh and Utar Pradesh, this southern ridge is often called shivalik. You can also define the fourth, and the northern ridge, known as Trans-Himalayas. Although Trans-Himalayas are separated from the Himalayan Range for most of its length, they merge together in the western part - the Karakorum Ridge - where the boundaries of India, Pakistan and China are connected.

The southern slopes of the Himalayan ridges are too cool to accumulate snow or maintain the life of trees; The northern slopes are usually covered with forests below the snow line. There are extensive high plateau between the ridges, deep gorges and fertile valleys, such as Kashmir and Kulia Valleys. Himalayas serve a very important goal. They provide a physical screen in which the monsoon system works and are the source of large river systems. As a result of erosion, rivers, the mountains current from the mountains, which enriches the plains.

Scientists believe that Himalayas consist of breeds that were part of the bottom of the Poofi Poochean several million years ago. These mountains were formed when the collision of the Asian mainland was collided with the Industan tectonic stove. It is believed that the growth of Himalayas was phased. Therefore, various parts of these mountains are distinguished: small and large Himalayas, prefimals. Large Himalayas are the oldest. They were formed about 39 million years ago. A few million years later, the growth of small Himalayas began. Pregimalai, the second name of which the mountains are shortcut, the youngest. They are about 7 million years. Himalayas are part of the seismic belt of the Eurasian continent. One of the main features of the Himalayan Mountains is sharp vertices and a large corner on the slopes. Most vertices are glacier, and their total area is about 33 thousand km². One of the biggest glaciers in Himalayas is gangotri. Length about 29 km. This glacier gives the beginning of the Gang River. For followers of Hinduism, the glacier has a sacred value. There are various rituals, including bathing in Gangotri ice water.

Himalayas from ancient times attracted people to themselves. According to Buddhism and Hinduism, there were many mythological creatures in this mountain system. It is believed that Himalayas were a place of residence of Shiva, and Buddha was born at the south side of these mountains. In the VII century in the mountain system opened trading routes between China and India. In the thirties of the XX century, a project to open the railway passing through the mountain range appeared. He was not implemented. For many years, starting from the XVIII century, scientists from all over the world could not well explore Himalayas. It was not possible to determine the exact height of the vertices, the time consuming was to draw up cards.

In the Himalayas there is a Sagarmatha National Park, in which Everest is located. This Nepalese Park occupies an impressive area of \u200b\u200b1148 km². This park received this park in 1976. In addition to Jomolungma, the park boasts the presence of other impressive vertices, among which the eighties of Lhotse and Cho Oyu. Special for its beauty Mountain Park is the peak of Ama Dablam. The Word of the Sagarmatha Nepali origin, meaning "Mother of the Gods".

The Himalayan Mountains are a place for pilgrimage of followers of Buddhism and Hinduism from around the world. In this mountain system, many temples are built. For example, on the south side of Himalayas, in India, there is a temple of Sri Kedarnath Mandir. It is completely out of stone. Architecture Traditional Himalayan.

Sherpi live on the territory of Himalayans, which came here from Western Tibet in the XV-XVI centuries, obviously under the onslaught of stronger neighbors. Literally "Sherpa" means "people of the East" (in Tibetan "Cher" - East and PA - people). The ethnic group has several tribes, each of which has its own traditions and a dialect, related Tibetan language. Sherpi was engaged in cattle breeding and logging, traded with vegetable oil, fabrics and clothing. Today, they earn their living agriculture: grow potatoes and other vegetables on tiny fields. These pieces of fertile soil fenced with stone walls a little more than a meter height, which protect the earth and growing plants on it from washing with steep slides.

Himalayas (Sanskr. Himalaya - the abode of snow, from Him - Snow and Alaya - dwelling)

the highest mountain system of the globe, located on the territory of India, China, Nepal and Pakistan, between Tibetan Highlands (see Tibetan Highlands) (at C.) and Indo-Ganga Plain (see Indo-Gangskaya Plain) (on Yu.). - The most powerful mountain system of land with the highest peaks, the greatest differences of heights at short distances, deep (up to 4-5 kM) Gorge. Length over 2400. kM, width from 180 to 350 kMThe area is about 650 thousand. km 2.. The average height is about 6000 m., 11 vertices over 8000 m. (Jomolungma - 8848 m. - the highest top of the globe). G. have clear morphological and physico-geographical borders: on S. - Longitudinal tectonic valleys of the upper currents of the Rivers Ind and Tsangpo (Brahmaputra), on Yu. - North Territory of Indo-Ganga Plain, on S.-Z. -Hack Hinduraj, on V. - Gorge r. Brahmaputra. G. - The largest orographic, climatic and floral barrier between the deserts of Central Asia and the tropical landscapes of South Asia. However, due to the presence of through antecedent gorges of the Ind, Sutling, Carnali, Arugan Water Separation of the Indian Ocean Basin and the Tableless Area of \u200b\u200bCentral Asia takes place not in the city, but in the neighboring S. Mountain Systems - Karakorum and Transgimalayam.

Relief. G. Cool ride over the Indo-Ganga Plain three grand steps, the 1st step form the southern foothills of G. - Strongly dissected deeply embedded gorges of numerous rivers Saliviksky Ridge (width to Z. 120 kM, By V. from 88 ° c. d. narrows up to 5-10 kM), medium height 900-1200 m.. This ridge is separated from the next step by a large discharge, on the line of which there is a number of intergurny kotlovin (Dunov), in the past engaged in lakes. 2nd step - small (low) G. - System of individual mountains and ridges (average height 3000- 4000 m., vertices up to 6000 m.). The mountains are strongly dissected and characterized by steep southern and stronger northern slopes. Western part - Ridge Pie Pandagger - a serrated narrow comb on a wide massive base: in the central part (DhayaDhar Ridge, Mahabharat) rises sharply (up to 5000 m.) are characterized by sharp ridges and deep valleys. By V. from the tectonic valley r. The southern slope is divided by hanging valleys and is called Duara (doors). From the 3rd stage of the 2nd, separated by an extensive depression with a chain of tectonic intertons and the headlongs Kotlovin (Kathmandu, Srinagar, etc.). 3rd step - large (high) g., Or the main Himalayan ridge, width 50-90 kM. Begins on S.-Z. from the array of Nangarbat (8126 m.) where it is most wide (over 300 kM), has elevated edges, between which there are high Highlands (Deosa, Rushpu, etc.). To Yu.-v. from valley r. Sutling Large G. form a powerful comb with a number of high arrays and peaks covered with glaciers. By V. from r. Thista large is significantly reduced. Here are common deeply embedded valleys of rivers, relatively little dismembered arrays and dome-shaped vertices.

Geological structure and minerals. In the geological structure of G. It is allocated (with S. on Yu.) A number of parallel tectonic zones (see Tectonic scheme ). Along the southern foot of the mountains stretches the pre-gym (Indo-Gangski) pre-saying of the brain, made by the Cenozoic Terigenic Deposits of Molasses Type, with a total capacity of up to 10 kM. Sliding breeds - horizontal on Yu., Weakly clone to S., with tilted to Y. folds and supays in the Salyki mountains.

The main border spill (type of deep) separates the pre-grained deflection from the district development zone of the Docontic Metamorphic rocks of small and large G. Among the Precambrian rocks of the small town, the blocks of the formations of the Paleozoic (River Sweet) and supposedly Mesozoic (Sweet Tal); There are also the continental accumulations of the Gondivan system (upper Paleozoa) and the effusive rocks of the main composition (Panjal trappes). There are cases of commenced by one to others with S. on Yu., But the true amplitudes of Nadvigov cannot be determined due to the weak study of the stratigraphy of the ancient strata. Many researchers (A. Ganeser, etc.) believe that there are large oversight and ball overlap. The complex of the Precambrian breeds of the Large G. (South Slope and the axial part of the Chimalayan XP.) - GNEYS, Crystal Slants, Phyllitis, and others. Deeply metamorphiced strata - complicated by microscopeability, flushing and forms large castid lifts.

The deep-sized ("structural seam of Inde"), presented by a system of steep breaks, tilted to C., and accompanied by officers, separates the following tectonic zone (Tibetan G.), which occupies the northern slope of the main Himalayan ridge, part of the Kashmir's depressions, the Rippiece Inde and Brahmaputra and is composed by a continuous section of weakly metamorphized sedimentary rocks from the top of the Precambria to the chalk and Paleogen inclusive. In structural terms, this is a system of large synclinory, complicated on the wings of smaller folds, tilted towards the core of the synclinearium. The best incision studied in the valley of the river. Spiti (inflow r. Sutland).

The geological history of G. is interpreted by researchers in different ways. According to the submission of Soviet geologists M. V. Muratova, I. V. Arkhipov, G. P. Gorshkova, etc., G. belong to the Alpine geosyncline (folded) area (see the Alpine geosynclinal region), which occurred inside geosynclinal Tetis; Soviet scientists B. P. Barghatov, D. P. Rewar, V. M. Sinitsyn, A. Ganser, B. A. Petrushevsky, and others, based on the fact that typical geosyncline sedimentary formations of the Alpine age in N. No, consider that the city was formed as a result of processing and intensification in the Neogen-anthropogenic time of the Northern part of the Precambrian Indian Platform; This city is sharply distinguished by the history of their geological development from those located to Yu.-Z. Suleimanov Mountains and Lying to Yu.-V. Mountains Arakan Yom, arising from the Alpine Geosyncline.

Minerals are represented by deposits of copper, gold, chromite, sapphire, associated with a complex of metamorphic and magmatic rocks of small and large g. In the pre-paramala foothill, the oil and gas field is known.

Climate. G. form a sharp climatic line between the region of the Equatorial Monso, Industan and the Continental Oblast of Central Asia. The climate of the western sector of G. is characterized by sharp fluctuations in temperature, strong winds. Winter cold (average temperature January -10, -18 ° C), above 2500 m. - with snowy buranes. Summer warm (the average temperature of July is about 18 ° C), dry. The influence of the monsoon slightly and affects only in some increase in humidity and cloudiness in July - August. Precipitation (about 1000 mM. per year) are associated with cyclones, and they are 3-4 times less than on mountain slopes in the valleys and basins. The main passes are exempt from snow at the end of May. In the western city at a height of 1800-2200 m. Located most climatic resorts India (Shimla et al.). The eastern sector has a faster and wet climate with monsoon moisture regimen (85-95% annual Ospalkov falls from May to October). Summer at an altitude of 1500 m. Temperatures rise on slopes up to 35 ° C, and even up to 45 ° C in valleys. The rains go almost continuously. On the southern slopes (at a height of 3000-4000 m.) drops from 2500 mM. (on Z.) to 5500 mM. (on V.); In the inner areas - about 1000 mM.. Winter at an altitude of 1800 m. The average temperature of January 4 ° C, above 3000 m. - Negative temperatures. Snowfalls occur annually above 2200-2500 m., in the valleys thick fogs. Sowing. The slopes of the city have a cold mining and deserted climate. Daily amplitudes of temperatures up to 45 ° C, precipitation about 100 mM. in year. Summer at an altitude of 5000-6000 m. Only the day there are positive temperatures. Relative humidity of air 30-60%. In winter, the snow often evaporates without becoming.

Rivers and lakes. The river network is more developed on the southern slope. In the upper flow of the river, there are snow and glacial nutrition with sharp fluctuations in costs during the day; In the middle and lower current - rain, with the maximum flow of summer. Valleys are narrow, deep. Many thresholds and waterfalls. Lakes of tectonic origin and glacier; Especially many of them in the western part of the city (Vural, Tsomorari, etc.).

Glaciation. The total area of \u200b\u200bglaciation is over 33 thousand. km 2.. The longest glaciers on Jomolungma arrays (up to 19 kM) and Kanchengang (26 and 16 kM); In the Kumanovsky G. Glaciers Milams (20 kM) and gangotri (32 kM), in Punjab's city - Dorung-friend (24 kM), Barmal (15 kM). In Kashmir, the lower boundary of glaciers - 2500 m., in the central city - 4000 m.. The glaciation is more developed in the western part of the city on Z. Height of the snow border on southern slopes 5000 m., Northern - 5700-5900 m., V. - respectively 4500-4800 m. and 6100. m.. Glaciers predominantly dendritic (Himalayan) type, descend on 1300-1600 m. Below the snow border. There are Glaciers of Turkestan Type, having small fibils in comparison with the fields of the drain and eating mainly due to avalanche and collaborators of hanging glaciers. The northern slopes are characterized by giant curtains from corrugated ice, covering many peaks to their vertices.

Landscapes of G.. Very varied, especially on southern slopes. Along the foot of the mountains with V. to the valley r. Jamna stretches a wetland strip of terrays - wood-shrub thickets (jungle) from soap wood, mimosis, fan palm trees, bamboo, bananas, mango on black or strong soils. Above, up to 1000-1200 m. An evergreen wet tropical forests made of palm trees, laurels, pandanuses, tree ferns, bamboo, dirty by Lianov (up to 400 species) grow on the windy slopes of the mountains and along the valleys of rivers. Above 1200. m.on z. and 1500 m. On V. There is a belt of evergreen wide forests consisting of various types of oak, magnolium, above 2200 m. Forests of a moderate type of deciduous (alder, hanger, birch, male) and coniferous (Himalayan cedar, blue pine, silver spruce) breeds with moss and lichens, covering the soil and trunks of trees. At an altitude of 2700-3600. m. Coniferous forests from silver fir, larch, tsi, juniper with a thick undergrowth of Rhododendrons are dominous. For the lower part of the forest belt are characterized by red, above - brown forest soils. In the subalpine belt - juniper-rhododendron thickets. The upper border of the Alpine meadows is about 5000 m.Although individual plants (arenaria, edelweiss) come above 6000 m..

The landscapes of the Western city are more cellsophynet. There are no auisa, the lower parts of the slopes are occupied by rare-resistant xerophilic forests and shrubs, above - monsoon deciduous forests with the domination of Sala. From a height of 1200-1500. m. Mediterranean subtropical species appear: evergreen stone oak, gold-bearded olives, acacia, in coniferous forests - Himalayan cedar, long-screw pine (Chir), Macedonian blue pine. Sustained undergrowth poorer than on V., Alpine vegetation is richer. IN forest belt The redstores are predominant, low-hummous brown forest soils, above - brown pseudo-prolonged; In the alpine belt - mountain meadow. In the forests of the lower slopes of the mountains and in theractions, large mammals live - elephants, rhinos, buffaloes, wild boars, antelopes, from predators - tigers and leopards; Many monkeys (mainly macaque and thinotel) and birds (peacocks, pheasants, parrots).

On the northern slopes of the city, mining and deserted landscapes with rare dry herbs and shrubs. Wood vegetation (rosures of low poplars) - mainly according to the valleys of rivers. Representatives of Tibetan fauna are dominated among animals - Himalayan bears, wild goats, wild rams, yaks. Many rodents. To height 2500. m. The slopes are processed. Plantational crops prevail - tea bush, citrus. On irrigated terraces - rice. On S. Himalayev Holoral Barley rises to the height of 4500 m.. (Cm. map ).

LIT: Ryabchikov A. M., Nature of India, M., 1950; Space O. G. K., India and Pakistan, Per. from English, M., 1957; Arkhipov I.V., Muratov M.V., Kitniknikov E. S., the main features of the structure and history of the development of the Alpine Geosyncline region, in the book: International Geological Congress, 22nd, 1964. Reports of Soviet geologists. Problem 11. Himalayan and Alpine Orogenesis, M., 1964; Rader D. P., about the great geozend of the Asian mainland, in the same place; His tectonics of Himalayas, in the book: Folded areas of Eurasia (Materials Meeting on Textoniki in Moscow), M., 1964; Hanser A., \u200b\u200bGeology of Himalayas, Per. from English, M., 1967; Direfurt G., Third Pole, Per. With him., M., 1970.

L. I. Kurakova, A. M. Ryabchikov, D. P. More (geological structure and minerals).

The southern slope of Eastern Himalayas in Butane at an altitude of 4500 m..

Jomolungma Massif in central Himalayas. Right - Mc Mapala (8470 m.).

Himalayas. Orography scheme.

Himalayas. Tectonic scheme.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

Synonyms:

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Himalayas - Himalayas. View from Space Himalaya Abode of snow, Hindi. Contents 1 Geography 2 Geology 3 Climate 4 Literature 5 Links Geography of Himalayas ... Encyclopedia of the tourist

The highest mountain system of the Earth; India, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan. Name from Nepal. Himal Snow Mountain; Himalayas generalizing the name of many individual Himalov having their own names. Common interpretation of the name of the Himalayas, like ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia

The highest mountain system of the globe, between Tibetan Highlands (in the North) and Indo Gangskaya Plain (in the south). Length sv. 2400 km, width up to 350 km. Among the high ridges approx. 6000 m, maximum height Up to 8848 m, Jomolungma (Everest) Higher ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

The Himalayan Mountains are the largest mountain formations on the whole globe. They are located in Asia and are the property of five different states. It is worth noting that this mining education is on the mainland called Eurasia. According to the information of one of the sources on the Internet, the most maximum point of Himalayev is Mount Everest, reaching a height of more than 8,800 meters.

Himalayas are a large mountain system of South Asia, which forms a barrier between the Tibet plateau in the north and alluvial plains of the Industan Peninsula in the south.

They are part of Nepal, India, Pakistan, Tibet and Bhutan. The mountains are the highest in the world, reaching almost 9,000 meters above sea level, more than 110 vertices rise to a height of 7300 or more meters above sea level. One of these peaks is Everest (Tibetan: Jomolungma; Chinese: Jomolungma Feng; Nepalese: Sagarmatha) is the highest in the world, 8850 meters high. Himalayas separated the Indian subcontinent from the inside of Asia. Word hymalaya means snow snow.

Himalayas are the largest mountain mining system. Himalayas are located at the junction of Central and South Asia. The length of this system is 2,900 km long and 350 km in width. These mountains are located in the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan and Bangladesh.

The question is very faithful and necessary, now they give such ugly education in schools that it is convenient to enlighten oneself on a big question. Himalayas mountain system is located in South Asia and partly in Central Asia. These are The roof of the world Since there is the highest peak it is Mount Everest. Its height is 8848 meters.



If we talk about the mainland, where the mountains of Himalayas are located, then this mainland is called Eurasia. To be more accurate, these mountains are located in Asia, on the territory of the five countries. The length of the Himalayan Mountains is more than 2,900 km and has an area of \u200b\u200babout 650 thousand square kilometers.

Himalayas - the highest mountain system of the Earth. Located on the mainland of Eurasia, between Tibetan Highlands and Indo-Ganga Plain. The highest point Himalayas - Mount Everest (Jomolungma) - 8848 m above sea level.

Name hymalaya means the abode of snow. The length of the mining system reaches 2900 km, the width is about 350 km.

Himalayas are located on the lands of such powers as: PRC, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan and Bangladesh.

Coordinates: 2949? 00? from. sh. 8323? 31? in. d.?



Himalayas are a whole mining system, the length of which is about three thousand kilometers. Himalayas are in Eurasia, they cover a lot of powers, including China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and others. The highest mountain in this mountain system is Mount Everest.

Himalayas, the abode of snow in Sanskrit, are located on the mainland of Eurasia. SAMI high system Mountains on Earth. Himalayas are separated by Tibetan Highlands in the north of Indo-Ganga Plain in the south. In the Himalayas there are territories of China, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, India, Sikkim and Ladakh.

The length of the mountain range is about 3 thousand kilometers, the width of about 350 kilometers. In the West, it goes to the Mountain Systems of Pamirs and Hindukusch.

On the territory of Himalayas is highest mountain On the planet - 8848 meters - Jomolungma (Everest), which means Nepalese Goddess Mother of snow.

In the mountains find fossils of fossil fish, which suggests that once the mountains were the bottom of the ancient ocean.



Himalayas - This is the highest mountain system on the planet Earth. There are Himalayas on the mainland of Eurasia, on the border of Central and South Asia. Countries in which Himalayas spread out: China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan.