Dictation native land I am a seasoned hunter. The earth is not flat! The All-Russian Geographical Dictation was held at the Ural State Pedagogical University
The Ural State Pedagogical University for the fourth time has become a regional platform for holding the educational action of the Russian Geographical Society "All-Russian Geographical Dictation" in the city of Yekaterinburg. On November 11, more than 150 people wrote it in two auditoriums of the Ural State Pedagogical University. Among them are teachers and employees of the Ural State Pedagogical University, students, schoolchildren. I became the organizer, as in previous years. The leaders of the dictation were the doctor of psychological sciences, professor, rector of the Ural State Pedagogical University and famous traveler and writer Nikolay Rundqvist.
- I'm happy to be with you today, - said Svetlana Aligarevna, - and I will try not only to dictate, but also to write this dictation. Very interesting work awaits us. But first of all, let us remember that this dictation is being conducted by the Russian Geographical Society. This is an all-Russian dictation with international participation. Today, together with us, residents of all regions of our country will write it and foreign countries including Argentina, Costa Rica, Germany, Ukraine, Korea, Vietnam and others.
Before the dictation, there was a geographic warm-up - a blitz survey on the knowledge of the facts of the history of the Russian Geographical Society. The participants remembered that the Russian Geographical Society was founded in 1845, the idea of its creation belonged to the geographer, navigator, admiral, then president of the Academy of Sciences Fedor Petrovich Litke, and that by a Russian writer who made a trip to Sakhalin at the end of the 19th century and single-handedly made there population census, was Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. The most active participants in the warm-up were awarded with applause from the audience, and volunteers - students of the GBF - presented them with small prizes.
Then the dictation itself began. It lasted 45 minutes, participants had to answer 30 questions. The Middle Urals wrote the first version of the Geographical Dictation for the European part of Russia. Therefore, most of the questions were related to the territory of the country located in front of Ural mountains... There were many questions about the knowledge of the history of geographical science, the personalities of famous scientists and travelers, the ability to navigate in satellite maps... Some questions were quite complex, requiring only knowledge, others could be answered using logic and observation (often the illustrations on the screen gave a hint).
Some of the questions were more aimed at older audiences. The current 40-year-olds and older remember well the song of the bard Alexander Gorodnitsky, in which it is sung about a certain country that “is so similar to Russia, but still not Russia” (“The sky is blue over Canada”), but 20-year-olds and younger are hardly whether. As well as the question "Whose guide was Dersu Uzala?" (The books of Vladimir Klavdievich Arseniev were once the favorite reading of adolescents, but this can rather be said about the generation of the 1960s and 70s). Other questions, on the other hand, are formulated in such a way that it is easier for young participants to answer them.
Much excitement in the hall was caused by the question of "the science that studies seasonal phenomena in nature." You can be absolutely sure that at the Ural State Pedagogical University, where the Faculty of Geography and Biology exists, this question did not cause any difficulties for anyone related to the Faculty!
The results of the dictation will become known after November 30 on the Russian Geographical Society website: https://dictant.rgo.ru/page/rezultaty In order to find them out, you must save your personal number issued during registration.
After the dictation Svetlana Aligarevna shared her thoughts and emotions:
- I really liked it. You don't know everything the first time, but due to the fact that you have the opportunity to travel around the country, many questions can be answered at least tentatively. It seems to me that I answered some questions exactly. And in others, on the contrary, I think that I could have been mistaken. But this is not the main thing. Every person needs, it is important and curious to know the geography and history of their country. The main effect of such events is that after such dictations one wants to raise books, magazines, the Internet and check oneself, find this information, find out the correct answers to these questions. This is a developmental effect, a desire to learn more and write better next time. For example, there were many questions about the Volga - and now I really want to look at the map, learn about all the Volga cities. In addition, next year we will have the Year of Children's Tourism, and such events as Geographical Dictation are a good start, an impulse to travel and get to know your country.
It is especially important for our university that we try to support all the initiatives of the Russian Geographical Society, because this is exactly the society that allows us to feel the unity of our country in time and space. And not only in the political framework, but in natural, climatic aspects, in terms of studying the territory in which we live. This is a very important aspect of self-awareness, as no other brings us closer to the origins, to our own roots.
The senior teacher shared her impressions:
- It was very interesting, although the questions seemed difficult. History was presented more than nature, there were many questions of facts that you just need to know. Now I want to look into the sources - the Internet, encyclopedias, and find the right answers or make sure that I was not mistaken. In some of the answers I am sure, I answered others intuitively, relying on what is stored in the nooks of memory. The main thing is that it was interesting! And it makes you want to think and seek.
Dictation commented, Dean of the Faculty of Geography and Biology, a member of the Russian Geographical Society:
- The tasks themselves this year, in my opinion, are a little easier. She noted that a lot of tasks are associated with individuals who, in one way or another, developed geography. Knowledge of maps was necessary, logic was needed. Of course, it was difficult for us, the inhabitants of the Urals, to answer some questions - for example, according to the outline of the object, choose the map on which the lake in Valdai is represented. A similar task for an object located in our area, most likely, would not have been difficult for us. I was pleased with the question of phenology, because we are engaged in it. The fact that this question ended up in the Geographical Dictation is very good for the popularization of this science.
Everyone who was not too lazy to come to the Ural State Pedagogical University and other sites on this cold autumn day received sincere pleasure from the intellectual exercise, which became the Geographic Dictation. Many participants wrote the dictation online.
A slightly provocative title for the current action "Is the Earth flat?" once again reminded both those who came and those who simply heard about this action (it is unlikely that among those who put aside all other cases and wrote this dictation offline or online, there were supporters of the “flat earth” theory!) that knowledge about our planet Earth has been collected over many centuries thanks to the methodical, persistent, heroic, and sometimes dangerous labors of explorers and navigators, practitioners and scientists. It is thanks to them that the maps of the Earth today are as close to reality as possible, and the current level of knowledge allows you to discover many secrets of nature. Objective knowledge is obtained through painstaking identification of true facts and their repeated verification of their truth. And the result is what is called the scientific picture of the world - what is ultimately the task of education and enlightenment, including such mass educational events as the Geographical Dictation.
Press service of the Ural State Pedagogical University
Text: Irina Shamanaeva
Photo: Vasily Vasiliev, Sergey Grachev
Current page: 13 (total of the book has 23 pages) [available passage for reading: 16 pages]
Font:
100% +
55
Why is everything traveling, temporary and fleeting so beautiful? Why are road meetings, precious sunsets, twilight and short overnight stays so important? Or the crunch of wheels, the clatter of hooves, the sound of a motor, the wind blowing in your face - everything that floats past, backwards, flashes, turns?
No matter how good the people with whom you lived, no matter how your heart was, where some days passed, where you thought, spoke, listened, and looked, but going further is a great pleasure! Everything is tense, everything is rejoicing: further, further. To new places to new people! Once again, rejoice at the movement, once again go or go, rush - no matter what: by car, by boat, in a cart, or by train ...
You drive during the day or at night, in the morning or at dusk, and everyone thinks that what happened back yesterday is good, but not as good as it will be ahead.
What roads are there! Heavy, worn-out, dirty, dusty, smooth and clean - wide highways shining with a dry gloss of asphalt, rocky paths, sandy shores where the sand is hard and creaky, the roads are ancient, along which the Tatars still rode, and new, with kilometer-long columns painted with lime, field and forest roads, gloomy even on a sunny day.
And how difficult it is on the road! You sit huddled in the back of a shaking car between barrels of fuel, spend the night on the firm vibrating seat of a river boat, beat bruises in the cart, gasp from the heat in a metal carriage, sleep on a bench in the dim light at some provincial station ...
But everything passes - fatigue, anger, fury, impatience and dull obedience from road difficulties, only the charm of movement, the memory of happiness, the wind, the sound of wheels, the sound of water or the rustle of one's own steps, does not pass forever.
(According to Yu. Kazakov)
56
When, together with a diverse, piously baptizing popular wave, you enter the gates of the Sergius Lavra, sometimes you think: why in this monastery there was not and was not a special observer, like the ancient Russian chronicler, who watched with a calm unchanging gaze and wrote down what happened in the Russian land with a calm, unchanging hand, and did it the same way from year to year, from century to century, as if it were the same person who had not died for centuries? Such a permanent and undying observer would tell what people came for five hundred years to bow to the grave of St. Sergius and with what thoughts and feelings they returned from here to all ends of the Russian land. By the way, he would explain to us how it happened that the composition of society, which flowed in a continuous wave to the saint's tomb, remained unchanged for five centuries. Even during the life of Sergius, as his contemporary biographer tells, a lot of people came to him from different countries and cities, and among those who came were monks, and princes, and nobles, and simple people living in the countryside.
And today people of all classes of Russian society flow to the saint's grave with their thoughts, prayers and hopes, statesmen come to difficult turning points in people's life, ordinary people in sad or joyful moments of their private existence. And this influx has not changed over the centuries, despite repeated and profound changes in the structure and mood of Russian society: old concepts dried up, new ones made their way or floated in, and the feelings and beliefs that attracted people here from all over the Russian land are still beating with the same fresh key as they beat in the fourteenth century. If it were possible to reproduce in writing everything that was united with the memory of Sergius, which in these five hundred years was silently reconsidered and felt before his grave by millions of minds and hearts, this writing would be full of deep content the history of our nationwide political and moral life.
(According to V. Klyuchevsky)
57
The air from the heated earth rose in a continuous warm stream and, meeting with the cold, motionless height of the sky, mixed its warmth with it, which is why it began to twist and flow towards the side in huge shafts. Thus, a wide riding wind was born - over the brown smooth hills, over the blue mounds - a powerful stream imperceptible from the ground. And holding on to its elastic streams, spreading its wings like a swimmer's arms, a hawk hung over the steppe.
Swinging almost in one place, fanning out the tail feathers and slightly wiggling the tips of its wings, the hawk carefully examined the wormwood bushes beneath him, cracks in the ground, black holes in gopher minks, two ruts of the road slicked to shine by wheels, along which he was now slowly flying. He saw the ground squirrels froze in gray columns at the minks and, turning their heads, slyly looked up at him, confident of their invulnerability. And meeting one of them with an unintentional glance, noticing an instantly swelling fear in the shining button of the animal's eye, the hawk averted his eyes contemptuously and indifferently. He knew that stupidity is no less characteristic of gophers than petty cunning, and sooner or later one of them will believe in himself so much that he will become impudent and impudent, and then he will die.
To the left of the road, sometimes quite close to it, stretched a swampy floodplain with green thickets of reeds, and there, in a window of blue water, two dark herons stood side by side, their heads twisted equally on their flexible necks. They looked at the vulture calmly, hostile, without fear. They were large, strong birds with sharp peaks of beaks. Having exchanged glances with them, the hawk flapped its wings twice and slid forward, further.
(According to A. Kim)
58
The day begins to pale noticeably. The faces of people take on a strange shade, the shadows of human figures lie on the ground, pale, indistinct. The steamer going down is passing by like a ghost. Its outlines have become lighter, have lost the definition of colors. The amount of light seems to be diminishing; but since there are no thickened shadows of the evening, there is no play of light reflected on the lower layers of the atmosphere, then these twilight seem unusual and strange. The landscape seems to blur into something; the grass loses its green, the mountains seem to lose their weight.
However, as long as the sun's thin crescent rim remains, it still gives the impression of a very pale day, and it seemed to me that the stories about darkness during eclipses were exaggerated. “Really,” I thought, “this still insignificant spark of the sun, burning like the last, forgotten candle in the vast world, means so much?
But this spark disappeared. It somehow impulsively, as if escaping with an effort from the dark shutter, sparkled with a golden spray and went out. And along with this, thick darkness fell on the ground. I caught a moment when a complete shadow came across the gloom. She appeared in the south and, like a huge blanket, quickly flew over the mountains, along the river, through the fields, fanning the entire heavenly space, wrapped us up and in an instant closed in the north. I was now standing below, on the coastal shallow, and looked back at the crowd. Deathly silence reigned in her. Even the German fell silent, and only the metronome was beating off metal strikes. The figures of people merged into one warm mass, and the fires of the conflagration on the other side again acquired their former brightness ...
(According to V. Korolenko)
59
Halfway down, I sat down to rest. The brown water rang and muttered in the stone bed. The sea could be seen in the gorge, its horizon, too, seemed to rise with me, and it stood in the gap between the red rocks with a blue wall.
How beautiful this gorge is, what wildness, what an autumn - purple, exultant, sunny, with what golden light the larch trees are burning, why there is no home here, why it is impossible to live here for a month and work to aching bones!
When I reached the telephone line, I turned onto the trail and began to climb up again. The fern surrounded me like a solid wall. Here, in a calm, in a mountain valley, the evil wind was not terrible, and autumn had not yet come, it lingered, in some places individual branches were just beginning to glow. An hour later I was at the top, approached the cliff - the vast expanse of the sea opened up to me, and I didn't want to go anywhere else.
At the lighthouse, I learned that it was impossible to go further in the mountains: seven gorges, of which four are very deep. So, again by the shore and again by stones. Another fifteen kilometers of stones, and there will be sand. The village where I was heading was still thirty-one kilometers away.
What to think about on the way? When you walk, step by step surrendering to the heavy rhythm of the path, attention is all absorbed by the road, the stones that fall under your feet, the weight of the backpack, worn out legs ... Again a difficult road, calm sea, light rain and low cold sky. Descending from the high cliff on which the lighthouse stands, you again step on the rocky shore, and again the rocks to the left, the sea to the right - gloomy, cold, but calm.
(According to Yu. Kazakov)
60
I would call this time in our city the season of bamboo rods. The city is hot in the summer sun. Fishermen in straw hats and combed jackets carry their bamboo rods out to sea. Fishing rods do not fit inside a horse drawn carriage or tram car. They are taken to platforms, from where they protrude in dozens, touching with their thin, but surprisingly strong and flexible tops the through foliage of fading acacias.
The fishing rods are already equipped with everything you need: half blue, half red narrow cork floats, into which steel fishhooks are stuck, and lead weights dangle from thin twine; a thin twine is tied with a dead knot to a thicker one wrapped around the sun-hot end of the rod.
A good bamboo rod is quite expensive; to have a real bamboo fishing rod - varnish-canary, strong, lightweight, long - about the same pipe dream as roller skates or a used bicycle, of course, there can be no question of a new one.
Oh, how I envy all the happy owners of large, or huge, or even medium and small bamboo fishing rods, which resiliently lean towards the green sea wave from rocks, from bathing bridges, from piles driven into the bottom near the coast, from scows swinging “on anchor ", which replaces a stone with holes tied to a rope, once beaten off by a storm from a limestone rock.
How worried I was to see exactly half immersed in sea water blue-red floats, which so smoothly, temptingly swayed the bare tip of their goose feather over the cast, gentle wave.
(According to V. Kataev)
61
A city appeared around the bend of the channel. Lights were lit in it. Near the port, behind the pier, in the fleeting twilight, the planes tied to the poles could hardly be seen, like horses at the stalls. One small plane was orange and glowed like coal in the snow.
As the lights flared up in the city, the ember-airplane in the snow faded and the motley "sausage", swinging on the mast above the building of the air hydroport, plunged into the sky at dusk.
From a distance, the city, which had clung to the right bank of the channel, almost at its mouth, seemed scattered, the houses in it scattered everywhere: where it was dense, where it was empty, as if from an airplane they were throwing houses in handfuls across the forest-tundra. But then lights were lit everywhere, houses were not visible, and everything took on order. City lights are always hiding something, hiding something. Almost merging into a continuous chain, they border the lumber yard's spots of lights. In the middle of it, near the piles, half-blind bulbs flicker rarely and reluctantly. Closer to the Old Town, at the checkpoints, timber trucks hum with a continuous hum. There are more lights near them. In the New Town, there is one more square - the lightest - a skating rink. On the outskirts, a square is no longer a square, but a curved arc of bulbs stretched along the coast - a tank farm.
The city is surrounded by lights. People live and work, illuminated from all sides, and beyond them darkness without end and edge. About ninety versts from the city, towards the north, the forest disappears altogether. There is tundra. There, the night is brighter from the snow, not shaded by forests and shelter. The night is endless and restless from dawn.
(According to V. Astafiev)
62
Something golden nuts were hatched on our trees!
I remember that in childhood we ourselves gilded them. It wasn't easy. In order to remove the gold leaf from the book, it was necessary to carefully blow on it. Then, with a slight rustle, he would rise, and one could very carefully, with two fingers, take it out of the booklet and hold it in the air, listening to the rustle that he made, almost inaudible and yet - oddly enough - metallic.
In order to properly cook a golden nut, the following things were required: a tea saucer with milk, a hammer, wallpaper carnations, a little multi-colored garus. It was necessary to blow into the booklet so that the golden leaves would move in it, and then gently remove one of them with clean, dry fingers. On dirty or damp fingers - what God forbid! - Immediately, golden traces remained, similar to the prints of pollen from butterfly wings, and the leaf of the leaf turned out to be hopelessly spoiled, perforated.
If it was possible, without damaging it, to remove a leaf from the booklet and with the greatest accuracy put it on a clean, dry table, then there was another operation, not so delicate, but still requiring cleanliness and accuracy: it was necessary to take a walnut with two fingers - sometimes in our city it was called voloshsky, - as beautiful as possible, ripe, of a new crop, with a clean, hard shell, and evenly dump it in a saucer with milk, after which, after waiting until the excess milk drains, carefully put it on a leafy leaf and roll into it in such a way that the whole nut is covered with gold. Gilded in this way, slightly damp but delicious, the mirror-glowing golden walnut was laid aside on a clean windowsill, where it quickly dried up and became even more beautiful.
(According to V. Kataev)
63
Heavy turret guns rumbled overhead, and the air shuddered from the shots. Apparently, the battle flared up in full force, deciding the fate of one of the warring parties.
Downstairs, in the very operation center, it was quiet. Electric bulbs were burning brightly. Dressed in white coats, solemnly, as if on examination, stood doctors, paramedics, orderlies, waiting for the victims of the war. Near the exit door, to the side of it, engineer Vasilyev was sitting on a stool, stretching out his partially healed leg and holding crutches in his hands. He glanced at the priest, who was standing at a distance, as if admiring his dress, shimmering with gold and crimson shades, his fiery red beard, bordered by a loose and pale face. Dobrovolsky stood in a carefree position, arms folded back. The junior doctor Aurov, a short, plump blond, crossed his arms over his chest and bowed his head, was thinking about something. Perhaps, in thoughts far from this room, he is talking somewhere with people dear to him.
Next to him, pinching his chestnut beard with his hand, stood the senior doctor Makarov, tall, thin, with an elongated matte face. And although everything had long been prepared for receiving the wounded, he looked around his property with his usual gaze: cabinets with glass shelves, large and small jars with various medicines and solutions, open nickel-plated boxes with sterilized dressings, a set of surgical instruments. Everything was in place: morphine, camphor, ether, ointment for burns, needles with silk put in a solution of carbolic acid, hair brushes, hot water, basins with soap and a brush for washing hands, enamel buckets - as if all these items were on display. for sale and buyers are about to pour in.
People were silent, but everyone, despite the difference in facial expressions, had the same thing in their hearts - an intense expectation of something terrible. However, there was nothing terrible. Gleaming with electricity, the walls and ceiling of the room gleamed white. To the left, as viewed from the door, was an operating table covered with a clean sheet. I looked at him and wondered who would be the first to writhe on him in painful convulsions?
Freshening the air, fans hummed around the side, humming persistently and monotonously, like bumblebees.
We felt that the battleship was hit by shells - one, the other. Everyone looked at each other, but the wounded did not appear.
(According to A. Novikov-Priboi)
64
We headed deep into the rainforest. I had to stock up on raincoats and umbrellas. But the rain is quickly replaced by the bright sun. When it rains, everything falls silent, all life falls silent. But then the downpour passed, the blue sky appeared, the sun shone, and everything came to life. An incredible crackle of cicadas begins, some kind of rustle, crackle of branches. A lot of hummingbirds, various insects fly out, among which every now and then you can see huge, amazingly beautiful blue mother-of-pearl butterflies. Catching them is fraught with great difficulties due to the marshy soil. Here is a real forest. It is peculiar, first of all, in this forest, a huge number of bent over, fallen trees.
The usual route through such a tropical forest is rivers and streams, as it were, a system of canals along which it is possible, albeit with difficulty, to move by boat. All the time you have to clear the path, pushing the fallen trees apart. The rivers of the rainforest abound in fish, alligators, and turtles. The swampy forests are full of frogs, snakes, ants. An absolutely incredible number of diverse life forms in all kinds fill the rainforest. Occasionally, you can hear the roar of jaguars, the only large animal in the tropical South American forests. Among the trees and above the trees, often in whole groups, especially after the rain, birds of paradise and motley parrots fly out, filling the air with their peculiar roar. Almost every minute huge beetles the size of a small bird fly overhead.
It is not easy to live in such a forest, and therefore vast areas of tropical forests are still very little inhabited, although there is no doubt, as the experience of other countries shows, in the possibility of clearing the rainforest, building roads, as we witnessed in the Amazon.
(According to N. Vavilov)
65
The caravan moved slowly along low-traffic paths, stopping in rare villages for the night. Subsequently, we had to meet many difficult mountain paths, but, perhaps, this one was the most difficult. The passage to Garm was separated by an almost sheer mountain cliff cut in half. The horses had to be circled at the bottom, across the mountain rivers. The guides, having thrown over a crack more than a meter wide, made a living bridge, over which my companion and I had to cross. It was especially difficult for the khan with his seven-pound weight.
After crossing the crack, a significant part of the path went along the edge of the glacier. The overnight lodging found us under the rocks. The trip was not designed to stay overnight near the glaciers. The lack of warm clothing forced me to move on. The state of a person freezing for two days is not very pleasant, and it is softened only by a general lowered tone - indifference to everything, no matter what happens.
There was a passage, familiar to travelers in the Pamirs, through wooden bindings driven into the rocks hanging over the abyss in the form of narrow strips, suitable only for a careful foot crossing. Even now we remember one of these difficult transitions.
The road wound like a thin snake along the river along a steep mountain over an abyss up to 1000 m deep. Every now and then the natural path was replaced by an artificial step made of wooden beams covered with decking. The path narrowed and widened, and sometimes it was a whole staircase with high steps, along which even horses familiar to the mountains could only be moved with great care.
It is as if the most difficult path has been passed, you can sit astride a horse and move on. Suddenly, from the rocks above the path from the nest, two large eagles fly up, flapping their huge wings. The horse snores and begins to gallop along the path. The reins fell out of the hands of surprise, you have to hold on to the mane. Above the head itself there are ledges of rocks. And below, in the abyss of a thousand meters, the beautiful blue Pyanj flows violently - the upper reaches of the great river Central Asia... This is what the traveler later remembers most of all. Such minutes give a temper for the whole life, they make the researcher ready for all kinds of difficulties, adversities, and surprises. In this respect, my first big trip was especially rewarding.
(According to N. Vavilov)
66
A huge distance separates the seemingly primitive sounds born in the bell tower from the subtlest perfection of symphonic music. But, honestly, you feel deep excitement, listening to the regular beats of the bell with the echo of small bells and the chirping of sparrows, caught by the microphones on the bell tower in the pauses between beats. The walls of housing in these minutes cease to exist. You feel large spaces with an alarm floating above them, and your imagination can easily draw people walking to the veche square, or the alarming confusion of a city fire, or an enemy approaching the walls of the city.
Since ancient times, bells in Russia have accompanied the entire life of a person. Bell ringing united people on holidays and in the face of the enemy. Bells called people for advice, in bad weather they showed the way for lost travelers, the bell was counting down the time. And, apparently, the mobilizing power of sounds was great, since Herzen called his rebellious magazine "Kolokol", if, having conquered the city, the enemy first of all took the veche bell out of it, and the Russian tsars sent the bells into exile for offense.
Peter I melted bells into cannons. In the thirties, I remember, bells were also removed in our village Orlov. A huge crowd of curious people. The women were baptized: "Tractors will be poured." And indeed, in the same year, a brand new tractor drove through the village, sparkling with spurs, confirming for us boys the reality of a strange transformation.
The loudspeaker replaced the bell. But, you must admit, it is interesting to hear and understand the sounds of the past. Remember, in the movie "War and Peace" the solemn ringing of bells! In another picture - "Seven Notes in Silence" - there is a lovely story about a belfry and bell ringer. And finally, a gramophone record that brings ringing sounds right to your home ...
For students of the 8th grade, texts of control dictations with grammar tasks for the entire academic year are offered. The dictations take into account all the main thematic sections of the 8th grade curriculum for studying the types of a simple complicated sentence. In the grammar task, the second option contains tasks that are more difficult than the first. This option can be given to strong learners.
Control dictation following the results of the first quarter
Andes
The Andes are the most high mountains The American continent, cutting it from north to south. 4 They amaze with their changing landscapes. Here you will see the undisturbed peaks, peaks covered with eternal snow, smoking volcanoes. In the west sparkles with turquoise Pacific Ocean, in the east, admire the endless jungle, cut by the cobweb of silver rivers.
After a one-day stay in the capital of Peru, we fly in the direction of the lost city of the Incas. We go by train to a small town and on foot through the eucalyptus forest we get to the village. Clay houses and thatched huts remind of ancient civilization... We try not to lose in some places the disappearing path-ku, winding up.
A mysterious city appears in the distance, perched on a rocky summit. After five hours of ascent, we pass the heavy gate and enter the fortress located on the mountain. 4 On numerous terraces, connected by countless staircases, there is a stone world with streets and squares. The ancient city fascinates us. (According to Ya. Palkevich.)
(121 words.)
Grammar assignment
Andes - the highest mountains A the Merican continent, cutting it from north to south. 4 (option 1);
After five hours of ascent, we pass the heavy gate and enter the fortress located on the mountain. 4 (option 2).
Departure from the castle
The Duke took great pleasure in inviting Don Quixote and Sancho to the castle and amusing himself with their eccentricities. But Don Quixote began to be weighed down by bondage and an idle life, believing that a real, and not an imaginary knight, while wandering, should not indulge in laziness and incessant amusements and sit idly by. That is why he asked permission to leave.
Having said goodbye to everyone early in the morning, Don Quixote, dressed in the same ridiculous armor, appeared on the square in front of the castle. 4 From the gallery, bewildered, barely restraining himself from laughter, all the inhabitants of the castle stared at him: the duke, the duchess, the courtiers ... ...
Bowing politely to the duke, as well as to all those present, Don Quixote turned Rocinante and, accompanied by Sancho, rode out the gate into an open field, saying:
- With freedom, Sancho, no treasures are incomparable! (According to M. de Cervantes.)
Grammar assignment
1. Write down 3 examples of different types of predicates from the text.
2. Write down 3 different phrases and sort them out: from 1 paragraph (option 1); from paragraph 3 (option 2).
3. Parse the sentence:
Having said goodbye to everyone early in the morning, Don Quixote, dressed in the same ridiculous armor, appeared on the square in front of the castle. 4 (option 1);
From the gallery, bewildered, barely restraining himself from laughter, all the inhabitants of the castle stared at him: the duke, the duchess, the courtiers ... 4 (option 2).
She-wolf
A young she-wolf walked in the pack that winter, who had not forgotten her childish amusements. 4 During the day, the wolves, curled up in balls, dozed, and she jumped up, circled, trampling the snow, and woke up the old people. The wolves reluctantly got up, poked their cold noses at her, and she snarled playfully, biting their legs. The old wolves, curled up and not raising their heads, looked at the young prankster. 4
One night, the she-wolf got up and ran into the field, and after her, tongues sticking out, the old people began to shake. The wolves remained lying, then they ran after the pack.
The wolves ran along the road, and shadows slid behind them, breaking in the snow. The snow in the rays of the moon glittered with diamonds. Bells were ringing from the village. It seemed that the stars, which had fallen from the sky, rang along the road. The wolves, tying up to their belly, retreated into the field and lay down, turning their muzzles to the village. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov.)
Grammar assignment
1. Write down 3 examples of different types of predicates from the text.
2. Write down 3 different phrases and sort them out: from 1 paragraph (option 1); from paragraph 3 (option 2).
3. Parse the sentence:
A young she-wolf walked in the pack that winter, not by forgetting her childish amusements. 4 (option 1);
The old wolves, curled up and not raising their heads, looked at the young prankster. 4 (option 2).
Control dictation following the results of the II quarter
Winter day
The estate was all white, fluffy flakes lay on the trees, as if the garden had blossomed again with white leaves. A fire crackled in a large antique fireplace, everyone entering from the courtyard brought with them freshness and the smell of soft snow.
The poetry of the first winter day was accessible to the blind in its own way. Waking up in the morning, he always felt a special cheerfulness and recognized the coming of winter by the stomping of people entering the kitchen, by the creak of doors, by the sharp, subtle smells, by the creak of steps in the yard.
Having put on high hunting boots in the morning, he went to the mill, making a loose trail along the paths.
The frozen earth, covered with a fluffy, soft layer, completely fell silent, but the air became somehow especially sensitive, clearly transferring to long distances the cry of a crow, and the blow of an ax, and the slight crack of a broken branch. From time to time there was a strange ringing, as if from glass, passing to the highest notes and freezing in the distance. It was the boys who were throwing stones on the village pond, which was covered with a thin film of first ice.
But the river near the mill, heavy and dark, still oozed in its fluffy banks and rustled on the sluices. (According to V.G. Korolenko.)
Grammar assignment
1. Write down the predicate: simple verb (option 1); composite nominal (option 2).
2. Underline a separate circumstance in the text (option 1); stand-alone definition (option 2).
3. Write down 3 phrases of different types: from 1-2 paragraphs (option 1); from paragraph 4 (option 2).
4. Parsing the sentence: From time to time there was a strange ringing, as if from glass, moving to the highest notes and freezing in the distance. (Option 1)
Having put on high hunting boots in the morning, he went to the mill, making a loose trail along the paths. (Option 2).
In the village courtyard
Fasting was over, it was Holy Week. The weather was wonderful: the days were bright, calm and warm. The snow was covered with black tulle, and in some places large glades appeared. The walkways, from which they occasionally shoveled excess snow in winter, were completely blackened and lay like black ribbons. But then you step out of the yard and plunge into the water. You could only drive on the highway. The peasants dug in the yards, plowing harrows and plows, the children skipped rivulets, which flowed into the river all the fruitful juices from the manure heaps piled up in the middle of the yard.
The smell of manure over the villages. In the middle of the day it seemed that the courtyards were drowning. But this did not harm anyone: neither people nor animals. And the roosters, standing on the very top of the dung heaps of steaming dung, imagined themselves to be some kind of priests. They puffed up their feathers importantly, shook their red combs and, throwing back their heads importantly, exclaimed: "Long live spring!"
Take care of this cochet, - leaning on a pitchfork, the peasant said to his wife, pointing at the walking rooster. - This is a real bird, and that one, a pockmarked one, must be slaughtered for the holiday.
And the man, spitting on his hands, again began to pick with a pitchfork. (According to N.S. Leskov.)
Grammar assignment
1. Designate the types of predicates: 1 paragraph (1 option); all others (option 2).
2. Write down 3 phrases of different types from the sentence: Walkways, from which in winter they occasionally shoveled excess snow, completely blackened and lay with black ribbons. (Option 1)
They puffed up their feathers importantly, shook their red combs and, throwing back their heads importantly, exclaimed: "Long live spring!" (Option 2)
4. Parsing the sentence: But it didn't hurt anyone: neither humans nor animals. (Option 1)
And the roosters, standing on the very top of the dung heaps of steaming dung, imagined themselves to be some kind of priests. (Option 2)
Transformation
The doll came out from behind the partition. She smiled, tilting her disheveled head to one side. Her hair was the same color as the feathers of small gray birds. Her gray eyes gleamed merrily. Now she seemed serious and considerate, but there was no trace of her sadness. On the contrary, they would say that this is a minx pretending to be a shy woman.
Then further. Where did her former magnificent dress go, all this pink silk, golden roses, lace, sequins, a fabulous outfit, from which every girl could resemble, if not a princess, then, in any case, a Christmas tree toy? Now, imagine the doll was dressed more than modestly. A blouse with a blue sailor collar, old shoes, gray enough not to be white. The shoes were worn on bare feet. Do not think that this outfit made the doll ugly. On the contrary, he was to her face. There are such dirty tricks: at first you don’t deign to look at them, and then, looking more closely, you see that such a dirty trick is nicer than a princess.
But most importantly: do you remember that the doll of the heir to Tutti had terrible black wounds on the chest? And now they are gone. It was a funny, healthy doll! (According to Yu. Olesha.)
Grammar assignment
1. Indicate the types of predicates in the text.
2. Write down 3 different types of phrases from the sentence: A blouse with a blue sailor collar, old shoes, gray enough not to be white. (Option 1)
There are such dirty tricks: at first you don’t deign to look at them, and then, looking more closely, you see that such a dirty trick is nicer than a princess. (Option 2)
3. Define in the text the type of one-piece sentences.
4. Sentence parsing: She smiled, tilting her disheveled head to one side. (Option 1)
Her hair was the same color as the feathers of small gray birds. (Option 2)
Control dictation following the results of the III quarter
Hello, pine forest!
Soon to the right, on a rather steep hillock, a path led. We went along it and in half an hour found ourselves in a pine forest. Flowering coce. As soon as we hit a pine branch with a stick, a thick yellow cloud surrounded us. Gold dust slowly settled in the calm.
Even this morning, forced to live within four walls spaced no more than five meters from each other, we suddenly got drunk from all this: from the flowers, from the sun, smelling of tar and pine needles, from luxurious possessions, suddenly for nothing. US. My backpack was still holding me back, and Rosa ran ahead and shouted from there that lilies of the valley were caught, then went deeper into the forest and returned frightened by a bird that fluttered from under my feet.
Meanwhile, ahead, through the trees, water flashed and soon led to big lake... The lake was, one might say, without shores. There was a thick lush grass in a forest glade, and suddenly water began at the level of the same grass. As if a puddle had poured rain. So it was thought that the grass also continued under the water and flooded it recently and not for long. But through the yellowish water peeped out a dense sandy bottom, which went deeper and deeper, making the lake water blacker. (According to V.A.Soloukhin.)
Grammar assignment
Option 1 - Meanwhile, ahead, through the trees, water sparkled and soon led to a large lake.
Option 2 - But a dense sandy bottom peeped through the yellowish water, going deeper and deeper, making the lake water blacker.
Sea fish
I will not describe all the fishing adventures that happened to me on the dock during the days I spent in Lizawa. I will only say that I will never regret the hours that I sat with a fishing rod wound around my index finger.
Here is a list of fish species that were caught there (though the names are all local, but I don’t know scientific ones): sea ruff; sea carp is a fish similar in shape to our crucian carp, but completely silver, with a purple sheen and razor-sharp, protruding horse-like teeth that can bite a hook if it is bad; greenback, red mullet - a very graceful fish with a snout cut obliquely, in bloody spots on the body, disappearing as soon as the fish dries up from the water; a thorn resembling a river perch in shape, with a bluish spot on the side; the rooster is the brightest and most beautiful, the most desirable fish for any fisherman; dog - biting leopard-colored fish; mullet and, finally, horse mackerel, the most widespread, the most annoying, but perhaps the most delicious.
However, it must be said that the sea ruff meat is extraordinary. It is dense, white, juicy. It is said to be like chicken. However, it seems to me that the meat of this fish tastes like crab meat cooked in fresh water... (According to V. Soloukhin.)
Note: say about the semicolon.
Grammar assignment
1. Determine the type of one-part simple sentences, including those in complex ones: 1 paragraph - 1 option; 3 paragraph - 2 option.
2. Parse the sentence:
Option 1 - I will not describe all the fishing adventures that happened to me on the pier during the days I spent in Lizawa.
Option 2 - However, it seems to me that the meat of this fish tastes like crayfish meat cooked in fresh water.
3. Write down the different types of complications from the text.
On warm ground
As a seasoned hunter, I am still happily excited and attracted by the vast expanses of Russian nature. Maybe that's why I am fond of hunting.
People who do not break the connection with nature do not feel lonely. Years go by, but the transfigured one is still revealed before them, wonderful world... As before, over the head of a weary traveler, who lay down to rest, white and gold flowers sway, and a hawk circles high in the sky, looking for prey.
Having rested in the fragrant grass, soft and tender, admiring the golden clouds frozen in the blue heavenly ocean, I rise with renewed vigor from the warm native land. I am returning home to meet new working days vigorous and renewed. A foggy curtain rises from the river, not yet warmed by the sun, but there is an expectation of something bright, pure, beautiful ahead.
I don't want to talk to anyone, so I would have walked through my native land, stepping barefoot in the dew and feeling its warmth and freshness. (128 words.)
Grammar assignment
2. Parse the sentence:
Option 1 - I, an experienced hunter, am still excited and attracted by the vast expanses of Russian nature.
Option 2 - Lying down in the fragrant grass, soft and tender, admiring the golden clouds frozen in the blue heavenly ocean, with renewed vigor I rise from the warm native land.
3. Write down the different types of complications from the text.
Evening in the forest
Spring forest. I look around sharply and notice something pinkish-blue. I run to look. This is the flower of the lungwort has blossomed. On a thick green stem, separate flowers flaunt, similar to tiny jugs. The upper ones are pale pink, and the lower ones are purple.
We leave on a small clearing. Young birches crowd around her. In the middle, a spring puddle turns blue like a pro-long mirror. It is full to the brim with clear snow water.
I look into the water. It is so pure that every last year's leaf, every sunken twig is clearly visible at the bottom. Frogs are swimming animatedly in a puddle. They goggle at me with bulging eyes, but they are not afraid, they do not want to dive. They, as it were, are healthy with me, emit some rumbling welcoming sounds.
It is already getting dark. The sun, like a polished copper basin, seems to hang over a distant forest. It's so huge, reddish. But a long silvery cloud appeared right on it, as if a fish had been put in a basin. How good it is all around! (According to G. Skrebitsky.)
(154 words.)
Grammar assignment
1. Determine the type of one-part simple sentences, including those in complex ones: 1-2 paragraphs - 1 option; 3-4 paragraphs - option 2.
2. Parse the sentence:
Option 1 - The sun, like a polished copper basin, seems to hang over a distant forest.
Option 2 - In the middle, a spring puddle turns blue, like a pro-long mirror.
3. Write down the different types of complications from the text.
Scent of the earth
I am lying in the green grass on the river bank. The summer sun floats over the fields, over the well-worn dusty road. The immense, sparkling, fragrant world of nature surrounds me.
I breathe in the moist scent of earth and plants and see insects moving slowly along the cranked stalks of tall travinoks. White, gold, blue, flowers sway overhead. I squint my eyes. A fluffy white cloud hanging in the high summer sky seems to me to be a fabulous gigantic monster floating across the sky on gilded, open wings.
In my imagination I am carried away far above the earth, leaving under me snow-capped mountains, blue seas and impenetrable forests, silver rivers and lakes. I dream of future fascinating travels, mentally flying over the earth spread under me, like a giant globe.
Birds. On the days of the arrival of the birds, I was drawn with particular force to wander. Having already become an adult, it was in the spring that I set off on the most distant trips, being sure that they would certainly turn out to be successful. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov.)
Grammar assignment
1. Determine the type of one-part simple sentences, including those in complex ones: 1-2 paragraphs - 1 option; 3 paragraph - 2 option.
2. Parse the sentence:
Option 1 - In my imagination I am carried away far above the earth, leaving under me snow-capped mountains, blue seas and impenetrable forests, silver rivers and lakes.
Option 2 - A fluffy white cloud hanging in the high summer sky, it seems to me a fabulous gigantic monster floating across the sky on gilded, open wings.
3. Write down the different types of complications from the text.
Control dictation at the end of the academic year
Thunderstorm
I remember a thunderstorm that caught us on the road. I sat with my mother in a wooden shed under a thatched roof. Lightning blazed in blue zigzags in the open gates, muddy from the pouring rain. Mother hurriedly crossed herself, clutching me tightly to her chest. I listened to the sound of the rain, to the heavy rolling of thunder, to the audible crackling of blows, to the restless rustling of mice in the oat straw.
Having risen, we saw at the gate a diamond mesh of rain, and through the transparent drops the joyous summer sun was already shining, shimmering with rays.
The father harnessed the horses, shining from the rain, frightened by the thunder, and shifting their feet impatiently and restlessly. 4 The road, lined with birches, washed with rain, seemed even more cheerful. A multicolored rainbow hung over the meadow, the bright sun shone on the backs of the cheerfully running horses.
I sat next to my father, looking at the shimmering puddles winding road ahead. 4 I looked at the ear-lit, sunlit and still formidable cloud, at the column of white smoke that rose in the distance above the shed lit by a thunderstorm. (153 words.)
Grammar assignment
3. Make a morphological analysis of the word: option 1 - (shed) lit 3; Option 2 - rising 3 (smoke).
Volga
There is a small pond at the edge of a young forest. An underground key springs from it. This pond is the cradle of the great Russian river. The Volga will be born in swamps and bogs and from here it sets off on a long journey. Volga is a beauty. It passes through places that are amazingly beautiful and diverse in climate, vegetation and fauna. 4 The beauties of the Volga are glorified by the people in legends, and by poets and artists.
From Rybinsk, the Volga begins to turn to the southeast. Its low banks are covered with a green carpet of meadows and bushes. Picturesque hills alternate with valleys. These Volga landscapes have a unique beauty and charm. Beyond Kostroma, both banks become mountainous, and the farther, the more picturesque. Slope on the embankment at the old Kremlin wall v Nizhny Novgorod- one of beautiful places the upper reaches of the Volga. 4 The nature of the Zhiguli mountains is unique and picturesque. Zhiguli is the pearl of the Volga.
Volga! This name is close and dear to millions of residents of our Motherland. (140 words.)
Grammar assignment
1. Parse the sentence.
2. Write down 3 phrases of different types and sort them out:
Option 1 - from the sentences of 1 paragraph; Option 2 - from the sentences in paragraph 2.
3. Write out 3 different types of predicate from your paragraphs.
Levitan
Levitan went down the Oka to Nizhny and there he boarded a steamer to Rybinsk. All days he and Kuvshinnikova sat on the deck and looked at the coast, looking for places for sketches. But good places did not have. Levitan frowned more and more often and complained of fatigue.
The banks swam slowly, monotonously, not pleasing the eye with either picturesque villages or thoughtful and smooth turns. 4 Finally, in Plyos, Levitan saw from the deck a small church cut from pine logs. 4 She was black in the green sky, and the first star burned above her, shimmering and shining. In this church, in the silence of the evening, in the melodious voices of women selling milk on the pier, Levitan felt so much peace that he immediately decided to stay in Plyos.
The small town was silent and deserted. The silence was broken only by the ringing of bells and the bellowing of the herd, and at night the beaters of the watchmen could be heard. In houses, behind transparent curtains, there was a dried lime blossom. (140 words.)
Grammar assignment
1. Parse the sentence.
2. Write down 3 phrases of different types and sort them out: 1 option - from sentences of 1 paragraph; Option 2 - from the sentences 4 paragraph.
3. Make a morphological analysis of the word: option 1 - (church) chopped 3; Option 2 - selling 3 (women).
Summer
Blue summer morning. In the sky, high and clear, only here and there small roundish clouds are visible, like cannon haze in old battle paintings, but they also disappear. And below them, on the outskirts of the village, gray and soundless, almost without moving its wings, a hawk swims in circles. 4 The picture is peaceful, idyllic, when nothing special is expected.
And suddenly, in a few seconds, everything changes: from the wicker barn, quacking and raking the garbage, a brood hen with chickens emerges. Noise, squeak, flickering of yellowish and gray lumps. Noticing a chicken family, the hawk seems to freeze in place, then, falling on one wing, it dives steeply into the yard. 4 At the same instant, a dry old woman runs out of the entrance, raising a shabby broom 3 to the sky: "Fly away, robber!"
The hawk abruptly changes the flight line, diving around the corner of the house, and goes down into the collective farm garden. And from under a birch, from a rug, the grandchild of an old woman rises, who has just graduated from the 3rd philological institute and received a month of leave before leaving for work. (According to N. Gribachev.)
(143 words.)
Grammar assignment
1. Parse the sentence.
2. Write down 3 phrases of different types from the sentence and sort them out:
Option 1 - And suddenly, in a few seconds, everything changes: a hen with chickens emerges from the wicker barn, clawing and raking the garbage.
Option 2 - The hawk abruptly changes the flight line, diving around the corner of the house, and goes down to the collective farm garden.
3. Make a morphological analysis of the word:
Option 1 - (grandson) who graduated from 3; Option 2 - shabby 3 (broom).
The beginning of all beginnings
What did the word mean for the life of the people in general? Such a question is even a little creepy to ask, not just answer it. The fact is that the word was equated by our ancestors with life itself. The word gave birth to and explained life, it was for the peasant the keeper of memory and the guarantee of the infinity of the future. At the same time, it consoled, helped, moved to feat, interceded, healed, inspired. And it all happened by itself, like a flow river water... Will it seem surprising under such conditions the emergence of the cult of the word, which exists in the villages and in our time?
The ability to speak figuratively and tactfully was a measure for social and social status, a reason for respect and deference. For small and wicked people, this skill was the envy of. The word - whether spoken, sung, or even only felt in general - has always strived for its figurative perfection ...
Beautiful speech cannot be stupid speech. The ability to speak well is not at all tantamount to the ability to speak a lot, but the dense silent people were not at all honored, they were also laughed at. Deliberate silence was considered a sign of cunning and ill will, with all the ensuing consequences.
1. Explain the use of punctuation marks in the first paragraph.
2. From the text, write down examples of continuous or separate spelling NOT with words. Explain your choice.
3. Write out a sentence that summarizes the main idea of the text.
Control dictation with grammar tasks.
An experienced person, I am still happily excited, irresistibly attracted by the vast expanses of my native Russian nature. Perhaps that is why I was so passionately fond of and am fond of hunting. In the hunt, in the old wanderings of the sea, in the forest poetic lodgings, a blond, dreamy boy with an uncovered head, burnt out in the sun, came to life in me.
People who do not break their connection with nature cannot feel completely alone. As in a dreamy childhood, a wonderful sunny world is still revealed to them! And, as in the distant days of childhood, over the head of a weary traveler who lay down to rest after a tiring hike, white and gold flowers sway, and a buzzard hawk circling high in the sky, looking for the way.
After lying down in the fragrant grass, admiring the golden summer clouds motionlessly frozen in the heavenly ocean, with a new surge of strength I rise from the warm native land to continue my journey among the blooming beloved world ...
(I. Sokolov-Mikitov. "On the warm earth")
Additional tasks
1. Give an interpretation of the words (used in the text of the meanings): poetic, dazzling, extensive, dear.
2. Make a synonymous row with words wandering, road, traveler, hike.
