Design of Bivak ideas. Organization of bivochy work

The most common error of novice tourists is the laying of polyethylene under the tent allegedly in order not to be swollen, do not wet the bottom. What you fear will happen even faster. If the edge of polyethylene is at least a little bit from under the tent, water with a tent will inevitably be inevitably under the rain. This is a classic situation: Mountain tourist wakes up in a pool, they are artificially created. It is not scary to put a tent on wet grass. Let the bottom get into the bottom, but the rug will still remain dry. If you are so afraid of wet grass, laying polyethylene inside the tent. The main thing is not to put a tent in the campaign of the relief!

In the spring, when the snow has already descended, but the Earth is completely not yet eliminated, on the site of the tent you can first divorce the fire. After an hour, the land warms up, the fire can be alleged, toft and cover up with fresh spruce legs. And to put a tent on top. Night to sleep will be significantly warmer. The main thing is not to leave large coal so that the bottom of the tent does not go!

Campgrounds:
- Taganok in the case (steel cable with hooks);
- saw (better two-handed) in the case;
- axes (big and small) in covers;
- workers mittens - 1 pair;
- matches in waterproof packaging;
- awning (3x5 m sizes) in a case equipped with dents, collapsible racks and splies;
- Merging (pieces of plexiglass, dry alcohol tablets, candle).

Kitchen equipment:
- Flat buckets, inserting one to another, with covers, in covers - 3-4pcs. on a group. The capacity of the dishes is selected at the rate of 1 l per person;
- Half - 2pcs. (for the first dish and tea);
- Knives: Kitchen - 2-3pcs;
- Soap economic;
- urinary for washing dishes (not metallic);
- Kitchen oilcloth;
- Flats for vegetable, foam oil;
- Pouchs for packaging products (plastic and polyethylene, for cereals and sugar, it is convenient to use plastic 2 liter bottles).

Pulling trunks and stumps are the same melting material that flashes from the first match and you can quickly cook food, without spending effort on the punch and cutting. In rainy weather, when droplets flow on Berré, and dry fir branches are actually raw, look in the lowland, in the water, the stems of aspen or alder. Osin's trunk and alder even be wet.

And what if there is no ax and saws? Not trouble - some pretty thick trunks can be dumping and without tools. A dry birch birch is most often raw from the inside, it burns well outside, but then it begins to smoke and goes out. It is better to use the mixture with other firewood. Oak is good, it gives even heat and excellent coals, but his wood bare breaks into pieces and heavy. However, torn oak, you can breed a fire, without taking anywhere, right on the spot. The most comfortable tree breeds for fuel production without a saw and an ax is aspen or alder. The lack of firewood mined, they practically do not give coal.
Noticed the appropriate sushina - try to swing the barrel with your hand. If he gives up, continue to rock it. Get into the resonance, and then with each push, the trunk will be clone more and more. Take care of the heads of dry trees often fall off the tops of the trunk. But when the tree collapsing, it is usually falling apart into several pieces.
If the trunk collapsed on too long parts - do not flavor. And do the exemplary-defined code not necessarily. Mix the two longest trunk so that they tightly touch each other comulats throughout at least a meter one and a half. Laying firewood precisely on this part of the Sushin. The ends of the long Sushin you will move to the center. A couple of long trunks can be pasted across, on top of the fire, and the flame itself "will repent" them. Long dryers can be broken, clamping them between two growing trees.

If there is no fuel !!
Look around, maybe still have? In the tundra a tiny branch of the dwarf birch - also fuel. If you go for a walk through the tundra with an empty backpack, you can fill it to the foreclosure such ones. In the fire, there is sure to overeat the raw trunks of the IV and birch, otherwise the dry fuel will be infused. Such a bonfire must be breeding, not sprinkling from the wind. He will bloom the flame. And in the desert you will be helped with Kizyak.
Once when moving through the Poocean Putua, our acquaintances saved old turbo companies, on which lunch was cooked for four persons. Old sneakers are very well burning. New too, for sure, they are not bad, but we did not try. And on the golters of the flavored vertices of the sobs of Altai, Sayan, the Far East, there are often destroyed wooden triangulation tower.

In the leading traditional way of life of the peoples of the Far North and Siberia, there is a belief that firewood and branches should be laid in one direction, according to the move of fire and the location of the remaining firewood and branches. The fire is devouring a tree, and therefore will not be able to take food, laid across the mouth. In this belief there is a fair share of truth: the fire is better dispelled when the campfire material lies in a strictly defined orientation.

Approves Candidate of Medical Sciences Matvey Lifshitz: "In no case, there are no axes, the handle of which is covered with varnish or paint. If the water is lowered a purified wooden handle, you will get an amrene or birch blade (depending on the handle material) and some carbohydrates: in them The plant fiber turns out in the tree. It is not harmful to the body, although the boiled ash is unlikely to like it. If you have a hubbird in the pan in the pot (not covered with Teflon), then the water will acquire an unpleasant metal taste, which, however Also does not harm the body, because some patients are specifically prescribed iron-containing drugs. But in this form, the metal is hardly learned, but the colorful black color can be given to your chair. "

Whose axes are better?
Fiskars is a very self-confident company that gives a 10-year warranty on the handles of his ax, arguing that it is impossible to break them. These handles are hollow inside, and therefore light, made of durable, reinforced with fiberglass polyamide, are not afraid of dampness and cold weather. The blades have teflon coating (not rust), gently and easily included in the tree.

By gaining water from a marshy pond, you should not just cry out. It is much better to dull up next to the pond of the pond and wait a few minutes until it fill in a cleanest, filtered through the soil, water. In the period of flood and melting of snow, water from forest lakes and pits does not require cleaning.

Bone breeding without matches.
To do this, you will need what is in any house - it is a mangartan and glycerin. Nothing about 1 gram of potassium manganese powder (mangartee).
Then, from a pipette or from a glass tube, carefully drop on it 2-3 drops of glycerol and quickly clean your hand. It will take place for only 2-3 seconds, and you will see how the fire will break up. Do not get drunk too big. In the summer around the fires, we will construct the grass around the fire, and even better steps the fire.

If during the parking there is a chain rain, if everything is wicked with a circle so that it is nowhere to be wet, and I spent a few not enough to send the boxes of matches to the fire of the fire, - especially you want hot food, seagull.
In this case, you need to look for Sushnyak Krasnutala (Shelyuga); Those sticks that crack in the breakdown - on the extrudes that are not quiet - on firewood. You will find Krasnotal - a fire is provided, hot food, warmth, tea and light are provided.
Reference.
Krasnotal, Red Verba, Shelyuga (Salix Acutifolia), shrub or a tree (height up to 7 m) from the kind of IVA; Differs on bare brown-red shoots with a naiza nour. Linear lanceal leaves, long-terrible, top-green-green, bluish-green bottom. Growing on the sands of Northern Kazakhstan and the European part of Russia. In Siberia and the Far East on the shores of the rivers, a close view is growing - Iva Rosoye (S. RORIDA).

Once you caught fish, cut the gills and large blood vessels at the ridge. Sleep the scaly. To turn out the fish, cut the abdomen and remove the insides. If you do not hit the fish on a spit, cut her head. Some fish, for example, no scales, should be removed from it. Small fish (less than 10 cm) should not be gouted, it is necessary to scrape it from it or remove the skin.

The method of obtaining fire in the absence of matches is to quickly drag the segment of steel wire through the wooden bar. Wire heats up, and it can be lit powder, a film, other flammable materials from it.

To preserve the caught fish, it will be worked out, but it is not soaked in water and are not solid, but only dryly rub the grass or cloth. Then, inserting the struts in the abdomen, the fish wept and hang in the wind for 15-20 minutes. Slightly rolling carcasses are shifted with nettle or fresh (but necessarily dry).
Fish can also be dried, spreading on hot stones. When the fish dry, sprinkle with salt water to it to spill; Do not attempt to store fish products if they are not dried and not salted.

If you decide to pamper yourself with a fried kebab or something as tasty, then good coals are simply necessary for you. So, coals in the fire are ready, and the fire does not fall. Take the stone salt and generously sprinkle with it. The heat will become even and strong, and the fire will bet.

W. experienced tourists Equipment, including dishes, serves a long time. When used on the pots, a thick layer of Nagar is formed. Mechanically consider it quite difficult. We propose to do this annealing.
Annealing produce cast iron, aluminum dishes on a strong flame of a gas burner or a soldering lamp. At first, when heated, the flare is charred, smokes, the dishes black even more. Then heated to a weak red luminescence, the outer walls are cleaned: the thick layer of the car is peeling and disappears, and the thin turns into the ashes and crepts, leaving a completely clean surface. It remains only to give a bowel or a saucepan to cool naturally, in air. You can then slightly polish the bowler with a dental powder, and then rinse with a weak solution of soda.
Annealing is better spent on the street or in a well-ventilated room. Do not allow dishwashes, otherwise it can boost, it is especially dangerous for the handles. Note that aluminum and its alloys in a hot condition are fragile, so do not be thrown over the handles until the dishes cooled, otherwise they can fall off. Plastic handles remove it at all, if it is impossible to do it, wrap them with a wet rag and wake it up regularly during annealing.

Food is the most suitable stirred by a wooden blade. Prepare it in advance: the length is 8 cm, the width is 4 cm, the thickness is 1 cm. The handle is long, 55 cm. By making a hole at the end of the handle, strengthen the hook from steel wire in it: the blade can be hung on any bit. Such a shoulder blade is well wash and dried. When switching it, it will be possible to put together with a tripod for the kittel.

Experienced tourists travel light, so the wash basin is not included in the list of important things. Nevertheless, things are dirty. We offer the original way of washing, if there is no reservoir nearby. Drop the hole, put a revealed package into it. Fill the water in the package - the water basin is ready. Erase on health!

Tin cans and pieces of aluminum foil before injection is useful to burn on the fire: after it is completely burning around the varnish, which are usually covered with these products and materials, they are faster.
The surface of the metals becomes porous, and corrosion under the action of oxygen air and moisture of the soil will go with a double strength. Two or three years - and almost nothing will remain from the banks buried in the ground.

Polyethylene packages and polystyrene bottles are also better to burn, because under action only natural conditions These polymers will fully decompress the years in a hundred years.
And waste from polyvinyl chloride, which is fairly easy to distinguish between polyethylene (polyvinyl chloride plastic and less durable than polyethylene, is made fragile in the cold), it is better not to burn (with its combustion, extremely poisonous chlordioxins are formed), but to bury in a pit with non-flammable waste.

They say that the Eskimos do not wash the dishes at all, but give it to lick the dogs. If you have four-legged friend, you can try and this way, but then we still advise you to wash hiking bowls with water!

Additionally starch and naphthalene were introduced into the coating of straws of storm matches. Such matches are not afraid of wind even by force in 10--12 points, which is especially relevant for sailors and fishermen. Useful storm matches to have tourists in a serious campaign, and climbers.

Organization of bivochy work

The usual error of an inexperienced leader lies in the fact that he believes that bivan work does not require the organization at all. Having come to the place of Bivak, he gives an approximately such team: "Well, now, guys, for work! Take the firewood, divide the fire, put the tents. Let's not waste time. " After that, for a while there is general turmoil, and then young tourists embraced by enthusiasm are running through the forest. And here it turns out ... Everyone, who had ax, went beyond the wood. Tents can not be put, since there is nothing to score pegs. Someone has already brought firewood, but it is impossible to breastfing, because the focus is not ready. It is impossible to bring water, because young tourists, in the backpacks of which were pans, also ran out of firewesters. Instead of going for water, running around the forest, asking, who has a pans in a backpack. As if all are busy, everything is in case, but it takes two hours, and the leader sees in bewilderment that Bivak's breakdown is still in the initial stage. It can be guaranteed that there is no less than 4-5 hours on the Bivacter and cooking device.

So that nothing like this happens, the head must be in advance, while driving on the route, to think over the organization of bivo works. The main thing is why you need to strive for this is to ensure a wide front of work. In other words, the maximum possible number of cases must be performed in parallel. But since all the required work is hardly possible, it is unlikely to be able to make it clear at every stage of the breakdown of Bivak, which section of the work at the moment inhibits the promotion of all works, and focus on it on it, throwing here the most experienced and skillful guys.

Consider what is said on the example. The group stopped in the summer campaign for the night in the forest. Bival place is sufficiently provided with water and firewood. What section of work is the main one? Warehouse workpiece for evening, bonfire breeding or installation of tents? Of course, the breeding of a fire. Therefore, it is very important at this moment so that someone preparing someone in parallel, someone went for water, someone was preparing the extract and someone else's first batch of small firewood. At the same time, you need to plan Bivak: a place for a fire, tents, firewood, etc. All other works are performed at this time, because there are unoccupied people in the group.

What will happen if all this is not replenished? Suppose the young tourist who is entrusted to cook, the hearth, instead engaged in installing tents. Then for a while there may be such a situation: the bonfire burns, the water is brought, but it stands away from the fire and does not heat up, since there are nothing to hang on the pans. The time that will be held from the moment when the bonfire tanned, until the moment when the pans are finally hanged over the fire, is an unjustified increase in the total time of belligent work. With the skillful planning of bivodi work, they can be mainly completed by the time when food is ready. Experience shows that after dinner, it usually arises a kind of discharge - it begins to feel the fatigue not commemorated earlier, a desire appears to calmly sit by the fire, talk, sing something. Therefore, it is necessary to strive for the maximum of work, including the stalling of the tent with blankets and cooking headings, have time to finish up to dinner.

Of course, the case considered is nothing more than an example and should not be regarded described in it the procedure for performing the work and arrangement of people as optimal for all hiking. If in place where the group puts the camp is difficult with firewood, then from the very beginning it is this plot that will be decisive in the unfolding front of the work and it is here to send the best forces. If rain is rained during the breakdown of the camp, then it is necessary to focus the efforts first of all on the installation of the tents. In many ways, the correctness of certain solutions in the arrangement of forces on bivan work depends on the number and tourist experience of the group.

The ability to estimate the course of camp work and allocate among them the main plot at each stage largely depends on tourist experience. Therefore, if the head itself does not possess such experience, he should, having thought of the balance of strength and the sequence of work on Bivak, to discuss this with someone from the most experienced participants in advance. By the time of arriving at the place of Bivak, the manager should have all orders that he will immediately be prepared after the stop. It is necessary to do this earlier than young tourists will begin work who in which far and bivodacing will flow in the style of free improvisations.

The first order should be an indication of the place where the backpacks should be folded. Otherwise, the backpacks will be scattered under various bushes and trees on pretty big Square. And the search for one of them (for example, with a salt or tent) may occupy a lot of time in the coming darkness. It should be borne in mind that appearance Bivaca places are often changing beyond recognition after the fire is arranged, tents are set, etc. The person has a feeling that Polyana, where he left a backpack, was not at all that he is at the moment.

The second order is who and what should get from backpacks earlier than everyone will disperse on belligent work. Usually you need to immediately reach the axes, dishes (both for cooking food, and personal), products for today's food, tents with capes or awnts, matches (if there are no duty). Of course, this list is purely approximate. The third order contains the distribution of orders - who should be done. The manager must completely clearly say who chooses a place for a fire, who - for tents, who go beyond water, etc. It takes into force the considerations about the need to ensure the widest possible front of the work, about which it was above. If any of the current affairs leader intends to fulfill himself, he must say to everyone. Often, it is possible to give the same person to the same person, but several orders, but be sure to specify the order of their implementation, for example: "Vitya will first bring water, and then will take a tent." If I say differently: "Vitya will do firewood and a tent," it is quite possible that Vitya will leave the bonfire without firewood at the crucial moment, carried away by installing the tent.

In order to continuously maintain a wide front of work, in time by throwing people to the site, which at the moment becomes the main one, someone must take on the role of the dispatcher. Most often they are the leader. In the numerous group, he should not take on any other functions. This, of course, does not mean that he will stand in the middle of the camp folder and only give guidance. Let him, besides this, will retain the function that tourists call "be on pickup". In other words, he will learn the fulfillment of many small cases, which all the time arise during the work: Bring Rogulina brought to the ground or pulls the cable, will help the fire to dilute fire, she fits a stirrer for duty, will help to prick firewood, which guys brought to the fire, will open Canning cans or damn bread will help stretch the tent, etc. But it will only be done in those moments when it is free from its dispatching functions.

In the small group, when to have a specially allocated dispatcher when setting a specially allocated dispatcher - a non-disabilities, this person should take on some functions associated with staying in the center of the camp, the best duties of the fire. The bonfire is always a kind of center of Bivak, and, being near him, it is not difficult to be aware of events all the time. Combining the duties of the fire and dispatcher is possible, and, for example, the duties of the cooking of firewood and the dispatcher are unlikely to succeed. Harvesting firewood usually falls in. The side of the camp, and this does not allow you to follow how work goes on other sites.

In addition, being aware of events, the head retains another role - the last reserve introduced into the case at a critical moment.

To the head, or dispatcher, it is useful to monitor the time of work on the clock and periodically declare everything, how much time has passed. It is only necessary to pre-put a specific task before young tourists - to meet with beer work within a certain period. Then periodic (let's say, once every 30 minutes) the reminder of the time spent acts mobilizing. Sports Azart appears - to meet at the appointed time. Of course, this time should be real for this tourist group.

In training campaigns, when the situation allows, the function of the dispatcher should contact someone from the most prepared guys (first of all the elder in the group), thereby preparing them to continuously perform dispatching duties, and as experience gains more and more often to charge them Not only in training campaigns.

Everything that was told about the organization of work on Bivak was primarily to the heads of campaigns. And now several tips addressed directly to the participants.

Tip first. Take once and forever solid order: taken from the comrade thing always give him personally in hand. Otherwise, it will be all the time, then another.

Council second. Do not swear in other people's backpacks and do not let you dig in your backpack to others. Often, a young tourist, having heard the duty issue: "Do you have a salt?", Replies: "I have! Climb into my backpack! " To start, the duty officers will recover several similar backpacks until the desired one will find. After their search in the backpacks, everything will be looked, so then if necessary necessary thing It will not be able to find the owner himself. And most importantly - all this will leave much more time than if the owner of the backpack was interrupted for a few minutes and took out what is needed.

Council third. After graduating to work, look for a business. Counting, which has not yet been done, where you can be useful, who needs to help to speed up the work. If all the necessary cases are already done and help is not required, think that it can be improved or re-equipped. Maybe it will be a dryer for socks and a boot or seat, which will build a group by a fire for dinner, or firewood in the morning. Remember: the work should end as soon as possible for everyone.

Council fourth. Do business, not play. I remember, for example, such a case. One girl was instructed to quickly block dry branches for the fire. For about ten minutes she jumped under the tree, trying to grab the branch, to which she delivered only the tips of the fingers. The circle was how many dried branches at the height of its growth. But for some reason she wanted to get exactly the high branch. Once he jumped - did not take out, the second time - too. And then entered the excitement. The case was forgotten, the game began. Unfortunately, many young tourists differ in the ability to turn into the game.

Of the advice listed here, it is necessary to especially allocate the third one. It will not be an exaggeration to call the fulfillment by one of the basic rules of hiking life. As long as this has not become a habit, a person cannot consider himself a real tourist.

By the way, in this regard, I want to mention this. In a well-coordinated group, there is no need to distribute work and manage them, and no one assumes the responsibility of the dispatcher. Everything will be done quickly and well. But only the group, the participants of which have sufficient experience can work so that without any instructions at each stage, to understand which area is now decisive. They acquired a firm habit of constantly looking for a case, until all works are finished.