Ryazan Kremlin year of foundation. Ryazan Kremlin

Ryazan Kremlin is considered one of the oldest parts of Ryazan and is one of the oldest open-air museum-reserves in Russia.

History of the Ryazan Kremlin

The Ryazan Kremlin stands on a high hill with a cliff surrounded by two rivers: Lybid and Trubezh. The Ryazan Museum-Reserve is of federal importance and is part of the state register of especially valuable objects of peoples Russian Federation.

The reserve is managed by the Federal State Institution of Culture "Ryazan Kremlin".

Ryazan Kremlin in ancient times

The first people began to populate the current territory of the Kremlin during the Mesolithic era. Archaeological excavations have shown that there were ancient settlements on the site where Fefelov Bor is now located.

Slavic peoples began to settle on the site of the Ryazan Kremlin in the 6th-7th century. It is known that the inhabitants of the largest settlement called Borovskoe were actively engaged in trade with the Byzantine Empire, eastern and Western countries. Borisov-Glebov is the second largest colony, which was located on the lands of Ryazan. Subsequently, this settlement will turn into the Pereyaslavl residence of bishops, and later - into Borisoglebskaya Square.

The presence of a large number of people in this territory turned Borisoglebskaya Square into a city with the name Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky.

How the city of Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky was founded

Based on the entry in the Followed Psalter, it is believed that Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky was founded in 1095. In the 10th century, the city was surrounded by a fortress, which was located near the Kremlin. Now the Church of the Holy Spirit is located here, and its area occupies about two hectares. The fortress itself was surrounded by settlements and houses of the population that lived in the city. If speak about appearance streets of that time, they were made of wood. And where the Spiritual Church is now located, there was the prince's tower.

The entire territory that surrounded the city consisted of forests, and the Lybed and Trubezh rivers could be forded.

Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky in the 12th-15th centuries

Starting from the 12th century, the city began to grow rapidly, which led to the expansion of the fortifications around the settlement. At this time, it already occupied the entire Kremlin hill. Therefore, a new fortress and new residential buildings were built. Due to the fact that the buildings were advancing on the slope, which was dangerous place due to the onset of enemies, it was decided to build a rampart and a ditch. The information that has come down about the fortress says that its walls stood until the 17th century.

In the 15th century, stone began to be especially popular, therefore, it was widely used in construction. The Assumption Cathedral, which today is called the Nativity Cathedral, is considered the first building made of this material.

15-17 centuries in the life of the city and the Ryazan Kremlin

In the 15th century, the construction of the settlements began - Upper, Lower and Trade, where intensive trade was carried out. If we talk about the inner life of the Kremlin, then wealthy people lived there, and outside it were the houses of the Pereyaslavl governor, the archbishop and the diocesan office. Where the Cathedral Bell Tower is now built, there were the Order of Investigative Affairs, a prison, gunpowder and armory chambers. Also, there were three monasteries on the territory of the Kremlin. In the 17th century, more buildings were made of stone.

18th-19th century

At this time, the military buildings were significantly inferior to the civilian ones that adorned the city, and there were practically no wooden structures left.

Thanks to the reforms Catherine the Great, the city began to be called Ryazan, and in 1796 became the center of the Ryazan province. At the same time, a new layout of the city was being developed with the renewal of streets and squares. All buildings were redesigned in a new way, and trade began to occupy new areas of the city. But the Kremlin remained unchanged.
The modern historical and architectural reserve began its existence on June 15, 1884.

In 1918, by decision of the provincial department, all the houses and buildings of the Kremlin were united into the provincial historical and art museum, in the 20-30s, restoration work was carried out, which were interrupted by the war. In the 1950s, the restoration of the Ryazan Kremlin continued. Since 1964, the city planetarium has been located in the Assumption Cathedral, and traveling museum exhibitions have been held. Some buildings were transferred to state institutions.

Walls and towers of the Ryazan Kremlin

In the 16th century, the wooden walls of the Ryazan Kremlin began to be rebuilt in stone, and the Glebovskaya Tower was the first.

There are 12 towers in the Kremlin, some of them have not been preserved.

• Glebovsky tower with Glebovsky gates
• Spassky Tower
• Secret Tower with Secret Gate
• dukhovskaya tower
• Hypatian tower with Hypatian gates
• Tower number 6
• Tower number 7
• Tower number 8
• All Saints Tower
• Ryazan Tower with Ryazan Gates - had access to the city
• Vvedenskaya Tower
• Tower number 12

Kremlin churches

There are 8 churches in the Ryazan Kremlin:

• Assumption Cathedral (XVI-XVII centuries)
• Cathedral of the Nativity (XV-XIX centuries)
• Archangel Cathedral (XV-XVII centuries)
• Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral (XVII century)
• Church of the Epiphany (XVII century)
• Church of the Holy Spirit (XVII century)
• Church of St. John the Evangelist (XX century)
• Archbishop's house church (XVII century)

Ryazan Kremlin - oldest part the city of Ryazan, historical and architectural open-air museum-reserve, one of the oldest museums in Russia.

It was on the site of the Kremlin in 1095 that the city of Pereyaslavl was founded.-Ryazansky (in 1778, as a result of administrative-territorial reforms carried out by Catherine II, it was renamed Ryazan, and in 1796 it became the center of the Ryazan province).

The place for the new city was chosen very well: two natural barriers - the Trubezh and Lybid rivers, navigable at that time, on three sides reliably covered a high platform of 26 hectares in the form of an irregular quadrangle, and on the fourth side, a deep ditch blocked the path of a potential enemy. During the flood, the Kremlin hill turned into impregnable island, and the presence on its territory (at that time) of two lakes - Bystroye and Karasevo made it possible to withstand a siege for a long time and without having a shortage of drinking water ...

Initially, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky was one of the many fortress-settlements of the Ryazan principality, however, after the destruction of the capital of the principality by the army of Batu, the real Ryazan (it, more precisely, all that was left of it is located 20 km from modern Ryazan) in 1285, Archbishop Vasily Ryazansky transfers to Pereyaslavl the episcopal see, and then - in the middle of the XIV century, the capital of the principality was transferred ...

For a long time, the buildings of the Ryazan Kremlin remained wooden. Only at the beginning of the 15th century, not far from the prince's palace, the first building of white stone was erected - the Assumption Cathedral. The main flowering of stone architecture in Pereyaslavl falls on the second half of the 17th century. During this period, on the site where the princely palace complex was once located, an ensemble of civil structures was erected, including the residential chambers of the bishop, which later became known as Oleg's Palace, a number of administrative and outbuildings - the Singing and Consistorial buildings, sheds, a smithy, a cooper and other.....

But let's go back to our time and start a tour of the Ryazan Kremlin. In most cases, it starts from the side of the Cathedral Square (this is where the sightseeing buses and private vehicles). Along the central alley, past stalls with souvenirs, we slowly move towards the Kremlin...

Not long walk (5 minutes),

if you do not linger at the stalls ....

Before going directly to the Kremlin - along the way you can get acquainted with the temple in the name of the holy prophet Elijah - it is located on the right ...

It was built in 1699 - 1700 instead of a wooden church. Of the icons of the temple, the most valuable and revered was the Hodegetria-Smolenskaya icon of the Mother of God. According to legend, she once stood in a stone chapel at the city gates near the Glebovskaya tower. In 1618, the icon miraculously saved the city from enemy attacks. His Grace Simon (Lagov) transferred the icon to the Ilyinsky Church. The current location of this image is unknown. The temple was closed on November 18, 1929 and began to be used for grain storage. Then, for quite a long time, the lecture hall of the Knowledge society was located in the church. In the 90s of the last century, they wanted to make the Wedding Palace in it, but nevertheless, on February 5, 2000, the temple of Elijah the Prophet was consecrated again ....

Currently, it houses the Ryazan Diocesan Administration of the Ryazan Metropolis of the Moscow Patriarchate.

And opposite the temple, i.e. to the left of the central alley - there is a more modern monument - a monument to the heroes of the civil war .....

But, if you believe the title of our page, we are primarily interested in the Ryazan Kremlin Museum-Reserve, so the poster that appeared co the scheme of the museum is very relevant and timely for us .... It clearly and intelligibly shows the main attractions and their binding to the area ...

If you understand everything - go ahead ...

The first thing that catches your eye is the Cathedral Bell Tower (the bell tower of the Assumption Cathedral is the tallest building in the Kremlin. Its height is 86 meters, the height of the gilded spire is 25 meters. Three architects are involved in the architecture of the bell tower: I. F. Russko, K. A Ton and N. I. Voronikhin Probably because of this, it took 51 years to build (from 1789 to 1840)). By the way, and now it is constantly in the scaffolding. It is rather problematic to see it without this entourage... There is a feeling that it will be an eternal restoration...

But before we get to the territory of the Kremlin, we need to overcome the Glebovsky bridge, which is laid over a moat that separates the Kremlin rampart from the outskirts of the old city... wooden bridge, which, due to the absence of the threat of attack, was replaced by a stone one in the 18th century ...

We pass along the Glebovsky bridge to the Kremlin shaft (defensive structure XII-XVII centuries)...

Behind us, on the one hand, is the Ilyinsky Church (we have already talked about it), and on the other hand -

Church of the Savior on Yar , near which there is a monument to S. Yesenin ...

We are on the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin. If you are walking as part of a group of tourists and you have a limited time - at your service accurate clock Cathedral bell tower. They are well visible from afar and allow tourists to constantly keep abreast of time ...

The territory of the Kremlin is quite extensive. It will take some time to see everything, and in order to minimize its costs, it is necessary to correctly lay out the route of inspection ... We offer the following option for sightseeing the Ryazan Kremlin: after the Cathedral Bell Tower, keep to the right side (and not go immediately to the left). So our path runs along the walls with the towers of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Ryazan monastery XV century and the Kremlin shaft .... (For your information - in this corner tower of the monastery fence in 1908 the Chapel of Panteleimon the Healer was built, which was closed after the revolution. It has not been restored to date)

After 150-200 meters there will be a passage (passage) in the wall. Your task is not to pass by,

otherwise, the length of the current Kremlin Wall is 300 meters, and there are no sights behind it ...

Before the passage, you can familiarize yourself with the Rules of Conduct in the Museum-Reserve....

If they suit you, feel free to go in and find yourself on the territory Spaso-Preobrazhensky Ryazan Monastery

At one time, two monasteries were located on the territory of Pereyaslavl: in the northeast - Dukhovskoy, to the south - the most ancient, Spassky. The exact date of foundation Spaso-Preobrazhensky there is no monastery, but in the second half of the 15th century it already existed. In 1467, the monastery received a charter from the Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich for estates.

The monastery is surrounded by a fence on three sides, and on the fourth side it adjoins the house of the spiritual consistory. There are two towers at the corners of the fence. On the territory of the monastery there was a garden and the richest cemetery in the city, where, in addition to monks, noble Ryazan people were also buried. In 1920, the monastery was closed and given over to the barracks of acutely contagious patients. The buildings of the monastery housed the infirmary, the city executive committee, and billeted military units. In 1935, the monastery was transferred to the museum, but for a long time people lived on its squares and some institutions were located ...

In 1996, the transfer of the buildings of the monastery to the church began, and on October 6, 2005, by the decision of the Holy Synod, headed by His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia, it was decided to open the Transfiguration Monastery in the city of Ryazan and resume monastic life in it. During this period, the Transfiguration Cathedral, the Church of the Epiphany of the Lord, the Church of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian were transferred to the monastery. Church of the Holy Prophet Elijah.

On the left in front of us - g hotel of the Nobility (architectural monument of the 17th - 19th centuries ). Despite the fact that the building itself is made in the style of the second half19th century- on the ground floor, significant parts of the walls of the ancient cells of the 17th century have been preserved....

Until recently, the building was residential. In the 20s last century even lived here future writer K. M. Simonov with his parents.

After the transfer of the building of the Ryazan diocese in 1995, it housed the theological seminary and the superior and fraternal building of the Transfiguration Monastery....

If you look closely, you can find that this long building consists of two buildings built at different time intervals (one - in XVIII century, another - in the XIX century ke), united in 1901 -1904. Church of John the Evangelist. At present, it is the house church of the seminary...

Opposite the Noble Hotel the Cathedral of the Transfiguration (the main cathedral of the former Spassky Monastery) built in the late 17th and early 18th centuries is located. on the money of the Ryazan merchant M. Nemchinov ...

The Transfiguration Cathedral is active and at the stand located in front of its entrance, parishioners can get all the necessary information about the schedule and activities of this church....

The brick church was erected in 1647. In Soviet times, it was used as an archive of the registry office. Transferred to the diocese in 2007, services have not yet been resumed,

but judging by the construction activity, the service will begin in the foreseeable future ....

Behind the Transfiguration Cathedral, next to the Church of the Epiphany, you can see some burials...

If you remember, we said above that the richest cemetery in Ryazan was once located on the territory of the monastery. In the 30s of the last century, it was barbarously destroyed, but a number of burial places still survived. Let's get closer and find out who these "lucky ones" are....

The first grave belongs to Sofya Dmitrievna Khvoshchinskaya, better known in her circles under the pseudonym Ivan Vesenyev - a novelist writer, translator, who was born in 1824 in the village of Voronki, Ryazan district ... The results of her creative activity are the novels: “Familiar People”, “Inheritance aunts"; novels “A Wise Man”, “Mere Mortals”, “Some of Our Morals”, etc. She translated the works of John Stuart Mill “On Freedom”, had a talent for painting. She died in Ryazan in August 1865....

There are several other graves nearby.

The left one belongs to the poet and prose writer Yakov Petrovich Polonsky. He died in St. Petersburg, was buried in the monastery of the village of Lgovo, Ryazan province, then in 1958 he was reburied in Ryazan on the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin ...

In the center of the graves there is a symbolic grave in memory of all those who once rested on this site...

And the owner of the far right grave is Ivan Petrovich Pozhalostin, a master of reproduction engraving, born on May 25, 1837 in the village of Egoldaevo, Ryazhsky district, Ryazan province ....

Well, we have completed our inspection of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery and through the gate at the Church of the Epiphany of the Lord we are entering the "central square" of the Ryazan Kremlin Museum-Reserve...

To our left we already know the Cathedral bell tower,

and on the right - the most grandiose building of the Kremlin - the Assumption Cathedral ....

Briefly about the history of this building can be found at the information stand in front of its entrance...

Assumption Cathedral (XVI-XVII centuries) - was the summer cathedral church of the Ryazan diocese. This grandiose building (area 1600 sq. m., height 72 m) surpassed almost all contemporary buildings in its size and is the most significant architectural monument of the “Naryshkino” baroque era. Masterpieces that have no analogy are the white stone carving of the portals and architraves of the windows of the cathedral, as well as the tallest iconostasis in Russia...

To the left of the Assumption Cathedral is the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ (until the 18th century - the Assumption) - a winter cathedral, and the oldest surviving building of the Kremlin. The cathedral was built at the beginning of the 15th century as the Assumption Cathedral and was the cathedral for the Ryazan principality.

The cathedral is the tomb of the Ryazan princes and princesses, who still rest in it (including the Ryazan princess Anna - the sister of Ivan III, and the daughter of Dmitry Donskoy Sophia) ...

In the left kliros of the cathedral are the relics of St. Basil of Ryazan.....

Well, we are moving along the footpath between the two Assumption Cathedrals (former and present) ...

and in front of us (on the right side) there is the Archangel Cathedral....

The cathedral was built as a princely house church and at the same time - the tomb of the Ryazan bishops and metropolitans. Among the 22 graves located in the cathedral a special place is occupied by burial famous religious and public figure of the Petrine era - the president of the Holy Synod - Stefan Yavorsky ....

Following the Archangel Cathedral, we get on the territory of the Bishop's court .....

Before us is Oleg's Palace...

Oleg's Palace, with an area of ​​2530 sq. m., erected on the site of the Ryazan Kremlin, where the princely court was supposedly located until the 16th century. On its pediment there was once an image of the most famous Ryazan prince - Oleg Ivanovich. The authors of this building and its history are described in sufficient detail at the information stand - so we will not repeat .....

To the right of Oleg's Palace is the Singing Corps, which got its name from the choristers held here. However, the main purpose of the building is completely different - it is the living quarters of the bishop's ministers: the housekeeper and the treasurer....

Opposite Oleg's Palace is the Consistor's Building - a monument of civil architecture of the mid-17th century. In its architecture, it is close to Oleg's Palace and the Singing Corps, as it was supposedly built by the same architect Y.K. Today, this building houses the ancient storage of the Church Historical and Archaeological Museum...

Adjoining the Consistory Corps are stables and a carriage house, a bishop's kitchen, sheds for "miscellaneous luggage", a smithy and a cooper's shop. These outbuildings, located on the territory of the Bishop's Court, were built by the architect N. Ustinov (one of the assistants of Y. Bukhvostov) ....

On one of the households buildings saw an interesting sign ...

It turns out that this ..... historically valuable barn houses the Ryazan regional branch of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments .... Now everything has fallen into place: it is not surprising that many architectural monuments in Ryazan region they look so sad...

However, let's not talk about sad things ... It's good that the state transferred at least part of the architectural monuments to the economic hands of the church ... At least for now there is still something to admire and see ....

Well, we are leaving the territory of the Bishop's Court , and passing by the Ryazan regional branch .....

we go to the next attraction of the Ryazan Kremlin - Cherni Hotel.

True, in order to get to it, you need to pass by the territory where archaeological excavations are carried out in the summer ....

Near the excavations there is a shield, from which it follows that there were once Malt Chambers on this site, which make up a single whole with the Cherni Hotel....

Carefully moving along the fence (in no case leaning on it - after all, we are sober),

we go to the place of residence of the blacks ...

The original purpose of this building is barns for storing grain and other supplies. However, in the middle of the 19th century, due to the housing crisis, the barns were converted into a hotel, which has 14 almost identical isolated rooms, seven each on the first and second floors. Currently, the second floor of the building is used as a museum depository, and the premises of the first floor are used as exhibition halls ... But it’s not clear which side is here, on the territory XVII centuries they stuck a cannon from the times of the Patriotic War .... As they say, they don’t argue about tastes ....

Well, that seems to be all ... Although no, we have not looked at everything with you ....

Firstly, interesting place in the exposition of the Ryazan Kremlin, this mountain is occupied, sorry - an archaeological dump ....

But God forbid, if you rush to conquer it .... The fact is that if you climb there, you will find yourself in close proximity, or rather within reach of your hand or head (it depends on your height) to the existing power line ... However, all the signs warning about the danger are in place ... Well, if you don’t know the Russian language, or can’t read - your problems ...

But you and I were interested not in the archaeological dump, but in what is behind it ...

Glancing once more at the colorful domes of the Assumption Cathedral,

we go around Oleg's Palace and the Nativity Cathedral from the back side,

and we find ourselves at the side gates of the Kremlin ...

We leave through them and on the right in front of us is the Church of the Holy Spirit ....

The temple was built in 1642 by the famous craftsman from Soligalich V. Zubov and is a rare example of a two-tented temple with two apses. In 1864, a bell tower was added to the church (author I.S. Stopychev). The Temple of the Holy Spirit is the only surviving building of the Dukhovskiy Monastery, which existed on the territory of the Kremlin in the 15th-18th centuries. (was abolished after a fire in 1783)

This is how it looks if you take a short walk along the Kremlin wall...

To the side of the Church of the Holy Spirit is a small octagonal chapel built in memory of the lost defensive structures of Pereslavl-Ryazan. Niches for icons have been preserved on its facades...

We will return back by another road - along the Trubezh River ....

Below you can see the pier, from which pleasure boats depart along the Oka River during the navigation period....

And here is real island in the center of Ryazan....

The fence of the Kremlin rampart has become a place of pilgrims in the person of the newlyweds, who believe that a padlock attached to a lattice is a symbol of cloudless family happiness....

Well, when we leave the Ryazan Kremlin, we try to keep in memory its most iconic sights...

In conclusion - a few pictures of the Ryazan Kremlin taken with a quadrocopter...

The solution to the housing problem thoroughly crippled my life. I haven't been out for almost three months now. So there is not much to write. Here are some pictures from my summer trip to Ryazan. Pictures because of the gloomy weather and crooked hands did not come out very well, but oh well.

1. The Epiphany Church of the Spassky Monastery was erected around 1647. This is a very spectacular and beautiful building in which two clear geometric shapes are visually opposed: the cube of the church's quadrangle and the octahedral pyramid of its bell tower. The contrast of the combination of the pyramid of the tent of the bell tower with the cube is perceived here especially sharply, because the pyramidality of the tent is emphasized by its relatively small height, and the cubicity is emphasized by the absence of rows of kokoshniks on its roof and the exquisite refinement of its domes.

2. Against the background of the huge Assumption Cathedral, the church seems like a toy.

3. View from the Kremlin to the Trubezh River. I stuck to the imposing pier for a long time. How do steamboats go along this stream? Then the locals kindly explained that the pier was just a lure. See the bus below? On it, tourists are taken to the navigable part of the river.

4. Ryazan romance.

5. Archangel Cathedral. One of ancient structures Ryazan Kremlin (15th-17th centuries). This is a former princely house church and at the same time - the tomb of Ryazan bishops (22 burials), including the well-known religious and public figure, associate of Peter the Great Stefan Yavorsky. The cathedral is a four-pillared, cross-domed, one-domed temple with three apses and three entrances. Despite significant rebuilding after a devastating fire in 1647, the cathedral retained typical features of 15th-century architecture.

In the 19th century a refectory with a magnificent portal in the pseudo-Russian style was attached to the cathedral (see in the foreground).

6. Nativity of Christ (before the 18th century Old Assumption) Cathedral - the earliest stone building of the Kremlin - a monument of ancient Russian architecture of the early 15th century. The white-stone masonry of the apses and the plinth, typical for temples of the 15th century, testify to the antiquity of the cathedral. Initially, the cathedral served as a citywide temple and was the burial place of Ryazan princes and princesses. In connection with the construction of a new Cathedral of the Assumption Cathedral, the old church was renamed the Church of the Nativity.

The current appearance of the cathedral dates back to the 19th century.

7. Oleg's Palace (Bishops' Chambers) - an architectural monument of the 17th-18th centuries, the largest civil building in the Kremlin, with an area of ​​2530 square meters. m. It was built on the site of the Ryazan Kremlin, where until the 16th century. presumably was the prince's court. A beautiful building with colored architraves, a baroque pediment and tower windows, not only among the people, but also in special literature, has long been known as Oleg's Palace.

8. Inside the chambers there is a local history museum. The museum is fairly modern. But I still didn't get along with him.

9. Singing Corps (in the background) - a monument of civil architecture of the mid-17th century. It got its name from the singing sessions held here, but the main purpose of the building is different: it is the living quarters of the bishop's servants - the housekeeper and the treasurer. In the end part of the building with a separate entrance there was a reception room. The two-storey brick building, rectangular in plan, is designed in the strict style of architecture of the 17th century. The porch, made in the style of ancient Russian architecture, gives it a special elegance.

10. View of the Church of the Epiphany, the Assumption Cathedral and the Consistor's Building.

11. Belfry of the Church of the Epiphany and the dome of the Transfiguration Cathedral.

12. Old Russian melancholy. In the distance you can see the domes of the Spas-on-Yar.

13. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral - a monument to the last stages of the development of Russian architecture of the 17th century. The grandiose building is distinguished by a certain heaviness of forms, foreshadowing the Baroque. Its four-slope roof is a well-established finished architectural form. Flat, strictly semi-circular false mosquitoes in the plastic of the wall do not play any role and are only one of the elements of a complex finish. The bunches of columns at the corners are almost devoid of the expression of the Naryshkin style, and rather contribute to the impression of the massiveness of the wall itself. In the decoration of the windows, however, architraves, characteristic of the Naryshkin style, with their elaborate pattern, and even colored glazed tiles, especially in the altar part, were used.

14. General view of the Ryazan Kremlin from the defensive rampart.

15. Walls and tower (18th century) of the Spassky Monastery.

16. On the southwestern side of the Kremlin hill there is an ancient earthen rampart - a defensive structure of the 13th-17th centuries. The length of the shaft is 290 meters. Until the end of the 17th - beginning of the 18th century. on the shaft there were wooden walls and towers of the Kremlin.

17. Behind the rampart was a moat filled with water. Time has made the rampart flatter and less high (now its height is 9 meters from the side of the Kremlin and 18 meters outside, from the bottom of the moat), but until now the Kremlin rampart towers impressively over the surrounding area, admiring its grandiosity.

18. The Cathedral Bell Tower is the latest monument of the history and architecture of the Kremlin. This is a grandiose four-tiered structure 86 meters high with a gold-plated almost 25-meter spire. The bell tower was built in the classical style, and despite the fact that it was built for more than 50 years (1789-1840) according to different projects by different architects, I.O. Russian, K.A. Ton and N.I. Voronikhin, the overall composition of the bell tower with perfectly found proportions of the spire retained the unity and integrity of expression. Its town-planning significance for Ryazan is comparable to the significance of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower for Moscow or Zakharov's buildings for St. Petersburg. In terms of purity and austerity of style, the bell tower of the Assumption Cathedral in Ryazan is unique; there are no similar bell towers in the classicist style in other cities of Russia.

19. View of the moat and the bridge leading to the Kremlin.

20. Hotel of the Nobility - a monument of civil architecture of the 17th-19th centuries. The building is decorated in the style of the second half of the 19th century, however, significant parts of the walls of the ancient cells of the 17th century have been preserved on the ground floor. The building consists of two buildings of different times, which at the beginning of the 20th century. were united by a church in the name of John the Theologian.

21. Due to a strange effect, the dome and cross of this church turned out very dark in all (!) Photos.

22. On the opposite side of the Kremlin moat are the remains of the Elias Church.

Since 1953, the city lecture hall has been located in the building of the temple. The authorities intended to arrange a "Wedding Palace" in the unrecognizably altered building of the ancient church. They even decorated the main entrance to the building with a bas-relief - an image of naked Adam and Eve. The Ryazan diocese protested, rightly seeing blasphemy in an erotic sign on an ancient church.

23. And finally, the main dominant of the Kremlin is the Assumption Cathedral (1699).

This grandiose building (area 1600 sq. m, height 72 m) surpassed in its size almost all the buildings of its time. The Assumption Cathedral is the most significant architectural monument of the Naryshkin baroque era. Unique monument of ancient Russian art, it is an unsurpassed example of an organic synthesis of architecture, sculpture and icon painting. A masterpiece that has no analogy is the white stone carving of the portals and architraves of the windows of the cathedral.

Bukhvostov took the Moscow Assumption Cathedral as a model, but made several changes to the scheme. For example, he abandoned the zakomar-kokoshniks crowning the building, replacing them with a beautiful decorative cornice made of brick in the form of patterned brackets supporting the upper white stone slab. Thanks to this technique, the cubic form of the cathedral was more emphasized and completed. Secondly, the cathedral was raised to the basement. The use of the basement was news for such large building what a cathedral is. Thanks to the basement, the building not only rose above the city, but the cubic silhouette of the cathedral was outlined even more sharply.

24. Glebovsky bridge (18th century), leading to the Kremlin.

25. A monument to Oleg Ivanovich (Ryazansky) on Cathedral Square meets tourists at the exit from the Kremlin. Guess the author?

The Ryazan Kremlin was a pleasant surprise. I did not expect that he survived so well and is kept in a relatively well-groomed condition. So there is a reason to roll up here in the "for the weekend" format, since Ryazan is quite close from Moscow.

Pictures are mine, copy-paste from here. Maybe someone will come in handy.

“The earth, as you know, begins from the Kremlin,” says one of Mayakovsky’s poems. At least any Russian city begins with the Kremlin. The core of the city, the concentration of its secular and spiritual power, a fortress that sheltered the townspeople in the dashing years. And, of course, Ryazan (and to be quite precise, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, as this city was called until 1778) begins with the Ryazan Kremlin. The Ryazan Kremlin is visible from afar, no matter where you drive up to Ryazan.

The Ryazan Kremlin is not only the oldest part of Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, but also one of the oldest museums in Russia, founded by the decision of the Provincial Registration Commission on June 15, 1884. It stands on a high hill, protected on three sides by the Trubezh rivers and the Lybid stream flowing into it. And from the fourth, a dry ditch was dug, which was filled with water during the flood. And then the Kremlin was on the island.

Like many Russian cities, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky did not arise from scratch. The first settlements appeared here in the Mesolithic era, and in the 6th-7th centuries the Slavs came here. Convenient location, rich lands contributed to the emergence of several settlements here. And soon a fortified city appeared next to them, called Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky.

In the summer of 6603 (1095) the city of Pereyaslavl-Ryazanskaya was founded near the church of St. Nicholas the Old
- Followed Psalter of Elias Church, 1570, p.378

The first Kremlin, built in the 11th century, was located just north of the current one - where it now stands church of the Holy Spirit, and covered an area of ​​about 2 hectares. On the site of the church itself stood the Prince's tower.

The city grew, and so did the Kremlin, occupying the entire territory of the Kremlin Hill in the 12th century. New wooden walls and towers appear, in the southern part, unprotected by natural barriers, a defensive rampart and a ditch in front of it are being built.

Perhaps Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky would have remained one of the cities of the Ryazan principality, of which there are many more in the Ryazan region. But in 1237 everything changed. The capital of the principality - was devastated by Batu. The city, most likely, has not yet recovered from the ruin. And in 1285, the episcopal chair was transferred to Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky. And in the middle of the XIV century, the capital of the principality also moved here.

The city began to grow rapidly. In the 15th century, a fortified city prison was built. A little later, settlements spread around it - Upper, Lower and Trade, and then settlements stretched: Chernoposadskaya, Vladychnaya, Zatinnaya, Streletskaya, Yamskaya, Vypolzova.

Stone construction begins on the territory of the Kremlin. Looking at, you would never guess that it is he who is the most ancient in the Kremlin, the white stone masonry in the altar dates back to the 15th century. Later alterations changed its appearance beyond recognition. Yes, and he himself changed his name - initially it was he who was called the Assumption Cathedral before the construction of the huge Assumption Cathedral.

The oldest part of the Nativity of Christ Cathedral (photo from Wikipedia)

Inside the fortress walls are the courtyard of the Pereyaslavl governor, the chambers of the archbishop, and the diocesan office. Next to them were stables, a cooper's workshop, malting chambers, a mill, warehouses. Where it now rises, it used to stand Glebovskaya tower, which adjoined the Order of detective affairs, the city prison, gunpowder and armory chambers.

Surprisingly, three more monasteries fit on the territory of the Kremlin: the Spassky Monastery, the Epiphany Convent and the Dukhovskoy. And also - 9 churches, 3 cemeteries, food warehouses, more than two hundred courtyards ... Torgovy Posad adjoined the Kremlin from the east, a trading port and Rybatskaya Sloboda from the west. And orchards. You can imagine how beautiful it was here in the spring when they bloomed.

In the 17th century, all the main buildings of the Ryazan Kremlin, which still exist today, were built: the Singing and Consistorial buildings, the Epiphany Church. The Bishops' Chambers (Oleg's Palace) are expanding.

Construction begins in 1684 Assumption Cathedral- the former one ceased to accommodate all believers. By 1692, the cathedral was almost built, but on the night of April 18, a catastrophe occurred: due to incorrect calculations or weakness of the ground, it collapsed, destroying also the gate church of St. Varlaam Khutynsky in the Spassky Monastery. In January 1693, new auctions were scheduled, and stone master Yakov Grigorievich Bukhvostov, one of the founders of the "Naryshkin baroque", received a contract. By 1699 the cathedral was rebuilt.

As time went on, many buildings fell into disrepair. Even before the middle of the 17th century, fortress walls rose on the defensive Kremlin rampart. But if before the Ryazan Kremlin was one of the outposts southern border Moscow Rus and was one of the fortresses of the security line, but now everything has changed, the borders have moved away, and the need for powerful defensive structures has disappeared.

In 1789, on the site of the Gleb Tower, it was founded. Construction continued until 1840. Four great Russian architects had a hand in it: S.A. Vorotilov, I.F. Russko, K.A. Ton, N.I. Voronikhin. But, surprisingly, despite this, the bell tower turned out to be surprisingly harmonious, being one of the best examples of classicism.

At the end of the 18th century, it was rebuilt and, having acquired its present form.

The Ryazan Kremlin survived all the hard times of the revolution and civil war. In 1818, all museum funds were merged into a single provincial historical and art museum. Restoration began, which was prevented by the Great Patriotic War. From the first to the last days of the war, one of the firing points of the city's air defense functioned on the Kremlin shaft. German air strikes did not hit the Kremlin.

After the war, restoration work resumed. Two pearls of the Kremlin - the Assumption Cathedral and the Bell Tower were in danger: the foundation of the cathedral tilted, and the bell tower was dangerously close to the edge of the hill. To save them, metro construction specialists were invited. In the 1960s, the territory of the Kremlin and around it was landscaped.

After perestroika, the temples were transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. And today the museum buildings, located in the old Kremlin chambers, side by side with the churches. Archaeological work is also carried out here.

And now I invite you to take a fascinating walk along the Ryazan Kremlin and admire its sights with me.

Sights of the Ryazan Kremlin and photos

The Ryazan Kremlin is a must-visit place. At least in order to admire its powerful defensive shaft, ancient temples and civil buildings. Moreover, now much has been restored.

As you can see, there are a lot of buildings, and they are located very compactly. The temples are active, so if you plan to visit them, you must dress appropriately.

We parked the car in a small parking lot on Cathedral Square and went to the Kremlin. In the rays of the sun, he looked unusual.

cathedral park

Cathedral Park is located southwest of the Ryazan Kremlin. Here our attention was drawn to the chapel built in 1995 in honor of the 900th anniversary of Ryazan. In its form, it resembles an ancient Russian helmet.

Then the road led us past the temple of Elijah the Prophet. He has an interesting history. It was built in 1699-1700, then rebuilt several times. Moreover, the last time was in 1940, when the temple was already closed here, due to the similarity with places of worship. And now, by its appearance, it bears little resemblance to a church.

And now, the graceful Cathedral bell tower is shown ahead. In the rays of the sun, she looks unusual, all glows. The height of the bell tower is 86 meters, it is crowned with a 25-meter gilded spire. Looking at it, you can see how Russian architecture has changed over more than half a century - from classicism to empire.

The first tier was built in 1789-1797 according to the project of the Kostroma architect V.A. Vorotilov. The second tier - in 1816 by the architect I.F. Russko. The third, fourth tiers and the spire were built in 1835-1840 according to the project of the Ryazan architect N.I.Voronikhin, A.N.Voronikhin’s nephew, using the project of K.A.Ton.

Surprisingly, at the same time, stylistic discord is not felt at all, and the bell tower successfully fits into the ensemble of buildings of an earlier time. On the third tier of the bell tower there is an observation deck, from where beautiful views to Ryazan and its environs.

Glebovsky bridge

To get to the Kremlin, you need to go along the Glebovsky bridge, which is thrown over the moat that protects the Kremlin from the south. The arch bridge that exists today was built in the 18th century. Previously, there was a wooden bridge at this place, which led to the Glebovskaya tower, on the site of which the Cathedral bell tower now stands.

Church of Elijah the Prophet and Glebovsky Bridge

From the Glebovsky bridge, a beautiful view of the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior on the Yar, with a chapel in honor of the nine martyrs of Kiziche, opens up. It was built in 1695 on the edge of a cliff above the Trubezh River. The temple is very ornate. Bunches of columns at the corners give it a special harmony and completeness.

And now, we are on the territory of the Kremlin. In front of us, the Cathedral bell tower goes into the sky. Four angels are blowing trumpets. Their figures are tuned to a sublime mood.

Cathedral bell tower, angel

However, before moving on to a detailed examination of the Kremlin churches and buildings, let's go around it. Thanks to this, you can better feel its size and power. First, we will go towards the pier on the Trubezh River. From there, excursion boats leave every hour along the Oka, the ticket price is 300-400 rubles, depending on the time of day.

Here you can clearly see the butt Oleg's Palace- We'll get to him later. In front of him is the foundation of the first Bishops' chambers.

In the distance, behind the trees, the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior on the Yar, already known to us, hid

Near the descent to the pier is where the library of the Ryazan Kremlin is located.

Kremlin Island

Not far from the pier, you can see a pontoon bridge thrown over the narrow Trubezh. It leads to the Kremlin Island, which is formed by the Trubezh bend and is practically cut off from the city during the flood. In the future, the tourist and entertainment "Kremlevskiy Posad" should appear here.

A very beautiful view of the Kremlin Hill and the temples of the Ryazan Kremlin opens up from the pier.

And we continue our way around the Kremlin. To the right of the House of the clergy is the Church of the Holy Spirit, built in 1642 on the very edge of the cliff to the Trubezh River by a craftsman from Soligalich Vasily Kharitonov Zubov. It is a rare example of a two-tent temple and has two apses. At the end of the 18th century, a refectory was added, and in 1864 a new three-tier hipped bell tower was built to replace the dilapidated old one. Now this building houses the scientific library of the museum.

Bell tower of the Church of the Holy Spirit

Go ahead. Our path lies along Street Workers. A rare tourist will wander here. But the locals often take walks here. From here, on the north side, a very beautiful view of the Kremlin buildings opens.

It is touching that old wooden houses have been preserved almost close to the Kremlin.

The street turns right. Soon the houses on the left end, and before our eyes is a wasteland.

Kremlin shaft

We pass a little forward, and a tall man stands in front of us. Kremlin shaft who defended the Kremlin from the south. I think you guessed what we did?

Assumption and Transfiguration Cathedrals of the Ryazan Kremlin, view from the Kremlin Wall

Panorama of the Ryazan Kremlin from the Kremlin Wall

From here, very beautiful views of the Ryazan Kremlin and the surrounding areas open up. Alas, there are clouds.

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Left almost unnoticed Bishop's garden- all our attention is directed to the Kremlin.

Again I approach the Cathedral bell tower. Now we have to get acquainted with the buildings inside the Kremlin.

Between the Cathedral of the Assumption and the Transfiguration of the Savior stands the elegant Church of the Epiphany, built around 1647. It is made in the type of the Posad five-domed, pillarless church with a refectory and a hipped bell tower and is an example of the early Moscow Baroque. In the 18th century, its chapters were changed.

Assumption Cathedral attracts the eye. Wherever you are in the Kremlin, it is visible from everywhere. You want to look at it endlessly, it is so elegant and, at the same time, monumental. This is the most big temple in the Naryshkin baroque style - 72 meters high, 1600 sq. m. area.

The Assumption Cathedral has a traditional structure - a six-pillar five-domed church. But thanks to its colossal size, as well as the circular abyss in the basement around it, it is innovative in many ways. Initially, the walls were completed with figured pediments, which were later knocked down and replaced with a hipped roof. The facades are decorated with double vertical rods. Portals and architraves are richly decorated with white-stone carvings with floral motifs, made by an artel of craftsmen under the direction of Ya.G. Bukhvostov.

In 1800, a terrible danger hung over Assumption Cathedral. The Holy Synod decided to dismantle the dilapidated cathedral and build a new one in its place:

... in view of the height and open location, the temple’s domes and roof were torn off by a storm, cracks appeared in the vaults and walls, and the mica inserted in the upper windows was knocked out by the winds. Snow swept into the holes in the winter time in the temple; in summer, jackdaws and sparrows flew in and made nests in the iconostasis and spoiled it. Church services were barely audible behind the bird's hubbub, screaming and fluttering. - Wikipedia, article Assumption Cathedral.

The people of Ryazan defended their handsome cathedral. An architect invited from Moscow, having examined the temple, confirmed that it could be restored. Eminent merchants donated part of the money for restoration, and on August 15, 1804, the restored cathedral was consecrated again.

The openwork ornament of the metal door trim has a mica lining.

Assumption Cathedral - detail

I will not tire of repeating how magnificent the Assumption Cathedral is. Truly, this is the temple that you need to see, regardless of whether you are a believer or not.

The cathedral inside looks huge, full of light. Two pairs of pillars, one of the most powerful in ancient Russian architecture, carry high vaults. The third pair of columns is behind the iconostasis.

- unique, the largest in Russia. It was made in 1699 by a large artel of carvers led by master Sergei Khristoforov. It consists of eight tiers separated by cornices. Its height is 27 meters. Columns, consoles, capitals are richly decorated with carvings typical of the Baroque style. The icons were painted at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries by the artist Nikolai Solomonov.

The iconostasis of the Assumption Cathedral (photo from the Internet)

Let's go around the Assumption Cathedral, admire its magnificence.

Assumption Cathedral - detail

Gallery

The gallery connects the Assumption and Archangel Cathedrals with Oleg's Palace.

This place is unique in its own way. Several buildings almost touch here - the Nativity, Assumption and Archangel Cathedrals, Oleg's Palace. From here, interesting views open up, you can catch interesting angles.

Cathedral of the Archangel

Adjacent to the gallery is the Archangel Cathedral, located between the Assumption Cathedral and Oleg's Palace, one of the oldest in the Ryazan Kremlin. It was built in the 15th-17th centuries and served as the prince's house church and the tomb of the Ryazan bishops (there are 22 burials in it). Among them is the grave of Metropolitan Stefan - Stefan Yavorsky(1658-1722), one of the largest religious figures of the Petrine era.

Passing through the gallery, you find yourself in a vast courtyard formed by several buildings. Ahead is the Singing Corps, an architectural monument of the 17th century. Now within its walls there is an ethnographic museum.

Oleg's Palace (Bishop's House)

To the left of the gallery is the beautiful Oleg's Palace (Bishop's House), the largest civil building in the Ryazan Kremlin, an architectural monument of the 17th-18th centuries. Its area is 2530 sq.m. The two lower floors, including the Church of John the Baptist on the second floor) were built in 1653-1655 by Moscow master Yuri Korniliev Yarshov (Ershov) in the early Moscow baroque style. In 1692, the Kostroma master Grigory Leontiev Mazukhin rebuilt the church and the third floor of the chambers in the developed baroque style. In 1778-1780, the architect Yakov Ivanovich Shneider completed an extension to the eastern part of the building in the Petrine Baroque style, increasing its length to 94 meters.

The name of the palace comes from the image of the most famous Ryazan prince, Oleg Ivanovich, who once existed on the pediment (in the schema, Joachim, reigned from 1350, died in 1402). The chambers of the Ryazan bishops were located here - residential chambers, a house church, and household services.

Now Oleg's Palace houses historical expositions of the museum-reserve, the western part of the Palace was transferred to the Ryazan diocese.

On the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin, many service and outbuildings have been preserved.

Archaeological excavation

A large area between the Singing Building and the Cherni Hotel is fenced - here is archaeological site. Expedition materials can be viewed in the Kremlin museums.

Information about the Pereyaslavl-Ryazan archaeological expedition

Hotel Cherni is located in the eastern part of the Bishop's Court. The building was built at the end of the 17th century according to the project of the architect I.Ustinov. Initially, grain and other supplies were stored here. In the middle of the 19th century, the building was converted into a hotel. Its feature is the presence of 14 isolated rooms - 7 on each floor. Each room had an exit to the street, on the second floor a separate porch was led to each door. The rear facade, facing the street, was deaf and served as a fortress wall.

Currently, museum halls are located on the first floor, and the museum's depository is on the second.

On the landing in front of the porch stood before divisional gun ZiS-3 in memory of the anti-aircraft battalion that defended the Ryazan Kremlin during the war. Where the gun went, I don't know.

Foundations of the "Malt Chambers" (Malting)

On the right, the foundations of the Malting Chambers, covered with a canopy, adjoin the Cherni Hotel. Malting chambers were built in 1697-1699 and were intended for growing malt. The building had two floors, on the ground floor there were malting baths. However, in the middle of the 18th century, they stopped brewing malt, and at the end of the century, the chambers were dismantled due to dilapidation. Now there is a project for the reconstruction of Solodezhni.

The consistory building is another monument of civil architecture of the middle of the 17th century. It was built, presumably, by Yu.K. Ershov and forms a single ensemble with the Oleg Palace and the Singing Corps. It was the main administrative office of the diocese. The church archives were kept here, the judicial chamber was located. Now there are expositions of the museum.

In the southern part of the Kremlin there is a hotel of Nobility, XVII-XIX centuries. Initially, these were two buildings, which at the beginning of the 20th century were connected into a single volume by the Church of St. John the Evangelist.

Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky

The Ryazan Kremlin is the oldest part of the city, the historical, cultural and spiritual center of Ryazan, an open-air historical and architectural museum-reserve, one of the oldest museums in Russia. It is located on a high steep hill, surrounded by the Trubezh and Lybed rivers, as well as a dry moat. An architectural monument and a reserve of federal significance, it is included in the state register of especially valuable objects of the peoples of the Russian Federation.
The museum-reserve is managed by the federal state institution of culture "Ryazan Kremlin".

Human settlements on the Kremlin territory arose here in the Mesolithic era. Archaeological excavations testify to large settlements on the territory of modern Fefelovo Bora in Kanishchevo, microdistricts in Borki and Rybatskaya Street.
Slavic colonized these places already in the 6th-7th centuries. Closest to the future fortress large Borkovo settlement , located on the Oka Island, conducted active trade with Byzantium, the countries of the East and West.

The second major fortified settlement was hill fort Borisov-Glebov . Later it will become the Pereyaslavl residence of bishops, and then - Borisoglebskaya Square.
Large concentrations of settlements in this area, as well as the presence of a large trading port, necessitated the construction of a fortified city - to protect the population and surrounding territories. This city became Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky.

Foundation of the city

The date of foundation of the Kremlin of Pereyaslavl-Ryazan is indicated in the Followed Psalter, which is stored today in the Museum-Reserve:

In the summer of 6603 (1095) the city of Pereyaslavl of Ryazanskaya was founded near the church of St. Nicholas the Old
- Followed Psalter of Elias Church, 1570, p.378

In the XI century, the Kremlin of Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky was a fortified fortress, located in the highest, northwestern part of the modern architectural complex, on the site of the Church of the Holy Spirit that exists today, with an area of ​​2 hectares. Around the fortress there were settlements and numerous unfortified settlements in which peasants, fishermen and poor artisans lived. The streets of the city were paved with wood, the yards were located close to each other. The prince's tower apparently stood on the site of the modern Spiritual Church.
The area around the city was occupied by extensive forests, two natural barriers - the Trubezh and Lybed rivers were navigable. There were two lakes on the hill - Bystroye and Karaseva, from where they took drinking water. During the flood, both rivers, as well as the Oka flowing nearby, overflowed, turning the Kremlin Hill into a full-fledged and impregnable island.

Initially, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky was one of the many fortified fortresses-settlements of the Ryazan principality. After the destruction of the capital of the principality, Ryazan, by the Mongol-Tatar army of Batu, in 1285, Archbishop Vasily of Ryazan transferred the episcopal chair to Pereyaslavl, and then, in the middle of the XIV century, the capital of the principality was also transferred here.

St. Vasily Ryazansky and Muromsky, the miracle worker (1295) fed the flock of Murom after the ruin of the region by Batu. However, he was slandered and expelled by the hard-hearted people of Murom. When, miraculously, the bishop floated along the rapids of the Oka on his mantle with the Murom Icon of the Mother of God, the townspeople shed tears of repentance, but the Saint had already left them...

As a sign of veneration of this Muromo-Ryazan Saint, in 1996 in (where St. Basil was tonsured) the Church of Vasily Ryazansky was built and consecrated by the Archbishop of Vladimir and Suzdal Evlogy.

Starting from the XII century, the city has been growing, gradually occupying the entire territory of the Kremlin Hill. This required a significant expansion of defensive structures. New wooden walls and towers are being built. The gentle southern slope posed a significant danger to the defense of the city, so in the middle of the 12th century, the construction of a defensive rampart and a moat in front of it began. Until the middle of the 17th century, walls were located on it. Lithuanian chronicles of the 14th century emphasize that main city The principality is located in a “natural defensive place”, and its fortifications “make the impression of a capital castle”.

Assumption Cathedral

The Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan Kremlin was built in 1693-1699 by the serf architect Yakov Grigoryevich Bukhvostov.
Despite the similarity of the general plan with the Moscow Assumption Cathedral and its traditional features - the three-part western facade, the division of the southern and northern walls into four divisions, five domes, etc., the architect implemented a number of innovations that enriched the features of the "Naryshkin style".
The height of the cathedral (without basement) to the cornice is approximately 28 m, 31 m wide and 45 m long, and with galleries 41 m wide and 56 m long, and the width of the walls is up to 2.4 meters. The grandiose building was built in seven years and is decorated with lacy white stone carving, rare for its age.

A large brick six-pillar five-domed cathedral on the basement. The walls of the unplastered building, cut through by three rows of windows, are decorated with rich white stone decor in the spirit of the Naryshkin baroque. Closed ok. 1929, handed over to the museum. Since 1992, it has been jointly used by the museum and the diocese, in 2008 it was completely transferred to the diocese.

Chandelier of the Assumption Cathedral

The central part of the iconostasis

Painting of the inner column of the Assumption Cathedral

Carved white stone decoration of the window of the western facade

Fragment of carved white stone decoration of the outer semi-column

Portal of the Assumption Cathedral

south portal

The painting of the vault of the Assumption Cathedral

Detail of white stone carving under the apse window

Interior of the Assumption Cathedral

Royal Doors of the Assumption Cathedral

Shrines of the Assumption Cathedral

The miraculous Feodotievo Icon of the Mother of God, which appeared in 1487 in a field near the village of Feodotievo, near Spassk, was considered the main Ryazan shrine. In honor of this icon, celebrations were held annually on July 2.
Another miraculous icon of the Mother of God - Murom - is more ancient. With this icon he blessed St. blgv.kn. Konstantin of Murom (Yaroslav before St. Baptism) his father Svyatoslav, Grand Duke of Kiev, grandson of St. Equal-to-the-April Grand Duke. Vladimir to reign and spread Christianity in the Muromo-Ryazan region. In front of this icon, St. Vasily, Bishop of Ryazan, when in 1288 he sailed from Ryazan (old) to Pereyaslavl-Ryazan. In ancient descriptions, the icon is called “prayer of St. Vasily".
There was also a very revered ancient image of St. John the Baptist.

By the 15th century, a fortified city was being built near the city. Prison. Then the stone building begins. The first building was the Assumption Cathedral, which has survived to this day in a rebuilt form under the name of the Nativity.

Cathedral of the Nativity . Turn of the XVI-XVII centuries.

Brick temple, built at the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries. on the site of the old white-stone and later overhauled. Originally a two-pillar five-domed building. Initially Assumption, since 1753 Nativity. The refectory was built in 1753, the western portico in 1826, the drum with a dome in 1873-1874. Closed in 1929, in the 2nd floor. 20th century occupied by the regional archive. Returned to believers in 2002
Winter Church at the Assumption Cathedral. In the XIV-XV centuries. - the tomb of the Ryazan princes.

In the left kliros of the cathedral are the relics of St. Basil of Ryazan.

Commemorative marble cross dedicated to St. Vasily Ryazan near the Nativity Cathedral

Kremlin hill, rampart and moat

Kremlin Hill of natural origin, surrounded by two rivers from three sides - Trubezh and Lybed. On the fourth side there is a man-made dry moat dug by city dwellers in the 13th century. The ditch could fill with water and connect both rivers, thus forming a continuous water ring around the hill.
The Kremlin wall was built from the soil dug for the moat. The current length of the shaft: 290 meters, modern height: 18 meters from the outer bottom and 8 meters from Verkhneilinskaya street near the Kremlin. Until the 18th century, defensive walls and towers were located on its top. The other two ramparts were located on the territory of the fortified Ostrog, adjacent to the Kremlin. They were completely torn down during the reconstruction of the city in the 18th - 19th centuries.
During the Great Patriotic War, one of the air defense points of the city was located on the rampart, and at its foot there was an artillery school, which worked almost until May 1945.
Kremlevsky Val Street is named after this fortification.

Walls and towers

The entire period of its existence, the Ryazan Kremlin was wooden. In the 16th century, the first stone tower was built - Glebovskaya, which was located on the site of the modern Cathedral bell tower. The city walls were made of strong oak woods and encircled the entire territory of the Kremlin Hill. The top of the walls ended in a "bull" - a platform covered with a hewn, significantly protruding outward - which made it difficult for the attackers to take the walls. This site also housed city defenders and patrols, who could freely move along the wall from tower to tower.
The city walls supported 12 towers, the names of some of them have not been preserved:
1. Glebovskaya Tower (with Glebovsky Gates) - got its name in honor of the location: it looked at the small fortified fortress of Borisov-Glebov, which was the residence of the Ryazan bishops.
The tower was made of stone, with an open area on which hung a milestone bell weighing 11 pounds. On the second floor of the tower there was a gate chapel, in which the image of Our Lady Hodegetria was located, later transferred to the Ilyinsky Church.
2. The Spasskaya Tower - got its name in honor of the Image of the Savior not made by hands, which was then transferred to the Cathedral of the Savior on Yar.
3. Secret Tower (with Secret Gates) - it was called so due to the secret passage located in it, which was used to take water from Trubezh during sieges.
4. Dukhovskaya tower - located on the territory of the Dukhovskiy monastery.
5. Hypatian tower (with Hypatian gates)
6. Tower number 6
7. Tower number 7
8. Tower number 8
9. All Saints Tower
10. Ryazan Tower (Ryazan Gate) - looked at the "Ryazan side". At the foot of the tower began the Big Ryazan tract leading to Ryazan.
11. Vvedenskaya Tower
12. Tower number 12
The wooden walls fell into disrepair by the 18th century, and were demolished during the approval of the Catherine's town-planning plan after 1778.

Gates and bridges

By the 15th century, the fortified Ostrog was located next to the Kremlin, in which the poorer urban classes, as well as artisans, lived. The Kremlin and Ostrog were connected by the only lifting Glebovsky bridge - during sieges, the bridge rose to the walls. The modern stone Glebovsky bridge was built in the 18th century, simultaneously with the construction of the Cathedral bell tower. Today it connects the territory of the Cathedral Park with the Kremlin.

Glebovsky bridge. 18th century

Bell tower. 1789 - 1840 Architects: S.A. Vorotilov, I.F. Russian, K.A. Ton, N.I. Voronikhin.

The foundation of the bell tower was laid in 1789 on the site of the former Gleb Tower of the defensive belt of the Ryazan Kremlin. The bell tower of the Ryazan Kremlin has a total height of 83.2 meters. It is used for ringing by two Ryazan cathedrals: the summer Assumption and the winter Nativity of Christ.

In the XIII - XVIII centuries, the time of the maximum development of the Kremlin, there were four gates on its territory, built into the towers and leading to four main directions from the city: Glebovsky Gates (Glebovskaya Tower) - Ostrog, Big Moscow Trakt Tainichny Gates (Tainichnaya Tower) - Ipatsky city pier gate (Ipatskaya tower) - Vladimirsky tract Ryazan gates (Ryazan tower) - Big Ryazan tract
In addition to the Glebovsky bridge, under the walls of the Kremlin, there were two more leading through Lybid - next to the Ipat and Ryazan gates. All bridges were wide, made of bog oak with railings.

Then the Archangel Cathedral was built.

Cathedral of the Archangel (XV-XVII centuries) - the cathedral was built as a princely house church and at the same time - the tomb of the Ryazan bishops and metropolitans. 22 graves are located in the cathedral, among them - a well-known religious and public figure, an associate of Peter the Great and the president of the Holy Synod Stefan Yavorsky.

A small brick one-domed four-pillar three-apse temple. Initially, it had Borisoglebsky and Prince-Vladimirsky aisles, later abolished. It was repeatedly rebuilt, the last time - in 1865. Currently it is occupied by an exposition of church art of the Ryazan Museum.

The Kremlin is surrounded by a chain of defensive near and distant outposts: Borisoglebskaya fortress, Trinity, Solotchinsky, Poshchupovsky and Bogoyavlensky monasteries. By this time, the Kremlin, like Pereyaslavl itself, becomes the starting point of a large border line of the Russian state.

By the 16th century, settlements appeared around the fortified city - Upper, Lower and Trade, on which there was a lively craft activity and trade. Outside the city and Ostrog there were settlements: Chernoposadskaya, Vladychnaya, Zatinnaya, Streletskaya, Yamskaya, Vypolzova.

Inside the Kremlin, the life of the wealthiest urban classes was concentrated. Outside the walls was the courtyard of the Pereyaslavl governor, the courtyard and chambers of the archbishop, and the diocesan office. Next to them were stables, a cooper's workshop, malting chambers, a mill, warehouses. Directly behind the stone Glebovskaya tower, located on the site of the modern Cathedral bell tower, there was the Order of Investigative Affairs, the city prison, powder and armory chambers. Inside Kremlin walls 3 monasteries were also located: the Spassky Monastery, the Yavlensky Women's and Dukhovskoy, 9 churches, 3 cemeteries, food warehouses, more than two hundred courtyards. One of them was the courtyard that belonged to the grandfather of Peter I - Kirill Poluekovich Naryshkin. Under the eastern wall of the city there was a Trade settlement, and under the western wall - a ship port and Rybatskaya Sloboda. The fortress was surrounded by numerous orchards. Since the second half of the 17th century, stone construction has been predominant in the Kremlin. Significantly increases in size Bishops' chambers. The Singing and Consistory buildings, the Epiphany Church with a bell tower are being built. At the same time, a new Assumption Cathedral was being laid, since the old one had ceased to accommodate everyone. The new cathedral was built by 1692 - however, due to errors in calculations, it collapsed in one night. In 1693 Yakov Bukhvostov began construction of the building. He managed to build a cathedral twice as high as the previous one, with luxurious carvings, huge domes and a wide abyss, which became the most grandiose building in Russia in the 17th century.

In the 18th century, as a result of the expansion of the Russian Empire, the country's borders moved deep from the Ryazan Kremlin and the notch line. Military construction in Pereyaslavl is gradually fading away, giving way to the flourishing of civil architecture. The wooden walls and towers of the Kremlin, in the absence of proper care, gradually fall into disrepair.

In 1778, as a result of the administrative-territorial reforms of Catherine II, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky was renamed Ryazan, and in 1796 it became the center of the Ryazan province. At the same time, a general development plan was handed over to the capital of the new land with clear, regular, geometrically correct forms of streets and squares. The dilapidated walls and towers of the Kremlin were demolished, as were many other buildings. Administrative, secular, commercial and cultural life cities concentrated in new centers. However, the Kremlin continues to be actively reconstructed and built up.
In 1789, the construction of the Cathedral bell tower of the Assumption Cathedral began, the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ was reconstructed and rebuilt, acquiring modern features. Until the end of the 19th century, numerous reconstructions of the Bishops' Palace took place. River port on Trubezh continued to be the main port facility of the city. A stone church is being built on Spassky Yar.
On June 15, 1884, by the decision of the Provincial Accounting Archival Commission, the Ryazan historical Museum, which later became a modern historical and architectural museum-reserve.
In 1895, on Ilyinskaya Square, next to the Kremlin, as part of the celebration of the 800th anniversary of Ryazan, Cathedral Boulevard was broken and the Triumphal Arch appeared.

Since 1964, the city planetarium and traveling museum exhibitions began to work in the Assumption Cathedral. Many buildings were transferred by an administrative institution - a state regional archive appears in the Nativity of Christ Cathedral and the Church of the Epiphany, the Spiritual Church is occupied by a museum library, the Ilyinsky Church is being rebuilt into a scientific lecture hall.
In 1968, by order of the USSR Ministry of Culture, the Ryazan Kremlin became a historical and architectural museum-reserve with a special protection status.

Transfiguration Cathedral . 1702

Transfiguration Cathedral (XVII century) - the main cathedral of the former Spassky Monastery. It was built with the money of the Ryazan merchant M. Nemchinov. The windows of the building are decorated with carved white-stone architraves of the "Naryshkin" style, and in the lower part of the building there is a belt of highly artistic colored polychrome tiles.

Church of the Epiphany. 1647

Church of the Epiphany (XVII century) - the second church of the former Spassky Monastery. The building is located close to the monastery wall, next to the Holy Gates. It was supposedly built by the architect V. Zubov on the site of an older white-stone church of the 16th century, destroyed by a fire in 1647.