Singapore. Economics and geographical position

Singapore's geography is quite interesting and unique. Partly for this reason, the country attracts a large number of tourists. After all, many would like to visit the island, enjoy unique and unique landscapes, panoramic views of the water horizons.

Complex geography of Singapore

So the fate of the country is that singapore Geography - It is 63 islands, which make up one holistic country. Each island has its particular importance. Interestingly, the highest point in the country Singapore Located at a distance of 166 meters above sea level. Approximately 5-6% of Singapore lands are used as reserves. Previously, there were many rainforest on the islands, but recently their square is rapidly decreasing due to the need to occupy the territory under the construction of cities.

Singapore time

The country is located on the territory where the deviation of Greenwich's time is 8 hours, or UTC / GMT +8 hours. Sometimes tourists that are not accustomed to changing time, it is difficult to adapt. But this is not a big trouble, travel is also very tired, so the body quickly gets used to changing the situation. Singapore time At the moment, it does not have a transition to a summer cycle, which further simplifies the situation for tourists.

Climate Singapore

The country on the islands boasts that the summer reigns all year round here. Climate Singapore Very warm, but every year there is a lot of precipitation. Air temperature fluctuations are not big. For example, the lowest temperature is 20 degrees for Celsius, which is very rare. And the highest is 36 degrees. The standard highway indicator is approximately 28-32 degrees for Celsius.

Weather Singapore

Of great importance for the tourist has. It is very good that there are many attractions in the country, but even better when weather conditions allow you to visit these places, make unforgettable photos, as well as get a lot of pleasure from staying in the country. That is why singapore tourism Very actively developing.

Nature Singapore

Very rich and unique. Here you can see and visit the rainforests, in many reserves. Do not forget that tourists open wide water horizons. That's what a successful thing mean geography. From some islands you can see the neighboring land, and some are not so successful. But in any case, the species are very beautiful and exciting. Such a spectacle cannot be seen anywhere else.

The state is located in the heart of Southeast Asia, near the island of Malacca, from which Johor is separated from the Strait. From all sides is washed by the waters of the Singapore Strait and the Indian Ocean. The state territory is the Island of Singapore and 58 small islands in the territorial waters.

The name of the country comes from Sanskrit "Sinha" - "Lion" "Pooms" - "City".

Official name: Republic of Singapore

Capital:

The area of \u200b\u200bthe land: 692.7 square meters KM

General population: 5 million people

Administrative division: Not.

Form of government: Parliamentary republic.

Head of State: The president.

Population composition: 77% - Chinese, 15% - Malaya, 7% - Indians.

Official language: English, Chinese (Putunhua), Malay, Tamil

Religion: 30% - Buddhists, 20% - Christians, 18% confess Islam, 15% - Confucianism, 5% - Taoism.

Internet domain: .sg

Voltage in the power grid: ~ 230 V, 50 Hz

Country Code: +65

Country barcode: 888

Climate

Singapore refers to the field of tropical monsoon climate. The annual temperature of the temperature is smooth, without well-pronounced maxima and lows. The average monthly air temperature fluctuates from +25.7 in December to +27.5 in May. At the same time, in the daytime, the air warms up to +30: 32, and in the night cooled to +20: 23.

There is no arid period in Singapore. The amount of precipitation at any month exceeds 140 mm, and the most intense rains occur for the period from November to January. About 2500 mm of precipitation falls per year. The maximum number of them (about 300 mm) falls on December, the minimum (140 mm) is June. Shni fell unexpectedly, but also quickly end. Frections thunderstorms, the largest amount of them falls on May and on average is 19 days a month.

The climate of Singapore is characterized by high humidity. In the morning hours, its value is about 90%, and by the middle of the day, it decreases to 70-75%.

Geography

The city-state Singapore is located on the island of the same name and the small islands adjacent to it. In total there are more than 50 islands, the largest among them is the island of Satoze. From Malaysia Singapore is separated by the Johor Strait, through which the dam was built, from Indonesia - Malacca and Singapore Strait.

Singapore Square is 581 square meters. km. Its length from the west to the east is 42 km, and from north to south - 23 km. About 40% of the territory is occupied by park zones, reserves, plantations and forests. Almost half of the land has the status of residential, commercial and industrial significance. The relief island is plain, here are not places exceeding in a height of 180 m. Coastal areas are lowlands, often wetlands. The southwestern shores have coral reefs.

The Kalang River and Singapore rivers flow around the island.

Flora and fauna

Vegetable world

The natural vegetation of Singapore is wet tropical forests, but most of them were reduced and given to agriculture, water tanks and urban development. The northern and northwestern areas remain the latest intact islands of equatorial vegetation, but most of them are aligned and used as a garden-park zone.

Forests of forests are also preserved on the islands. The largest zone of untouched forest is the Bucit Timan Reserve, where more than 800 varieties of local plants are numbered, including giant trees, ferns and flowering plants.

Animal world

Also lives an extensive population of long-tailed macaques, lemurs, mesh pythons, DRONGOs and a whitewood sea eagle. The Natural Park of Sungi Boulo, lying on the marshy lands, is the place of wintering of migratory birds from all over the eastern part of the Asian continent.

sights

Singapore is one of the most unusual cities of Asia. The largest shopping center of the region and one of the main ports of Asia, he since its foundation attracts the attention of millions of guests from all over the world. Old colonial quarters and ultra-modern skyscrapers, temples and green parks, lively shopping streets and one of the largest seaports of the world - all this is concentrated here on a relatively small territory, forming a unique aura of this city-state.

Banks and currency

Singapore dollar (international designation - SGD, inside the country - S $), equal to 100 cents. In the circulation there are banknotes in dignity 2, 5, 10, 20,000, 100, 500, 1000 and 10,000 Singapore dollars, as well as coins with a nominal value of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 cents and 1 dollar. Also free walking in the country has a dollar Brunei equivalent to Singapore.

Banks work from Monday to Friday from 9.30-10.00 to 15.00, on Saturday - from 9.30-11.00 to 13.00. Many branches of large banks on Orched Road work on Sundays from 9.30 to 15.00. Exchange points are located in most shopping centers, but they work from 10.00-11.00 to 17.00, some - until 20.00-21.00. Therefore, the exchange of currency should be disturbed in advance.

Foreign currency and traveler checks can be exchanged in most banks and specialized exchange offices. The course is stable and almost everywhere the same. To avoid additional costs to fluctuate the exchange rate, it is recommended to take with you travelers in pounds sterling.

Credit cards have the widest distribution and are the main means of payment. Singapore even plans to switch in the near future when paying for goods and services only on non-cash payment products. All establishments are accepted American Express, Diners Club, MasterCard and Visa, as well as local banks. ATMs can be found in all establishments, even in tiny cafes or private shops.

Useful information for tourists

Singapore is an ideal place to relax, with a well-developed entertainment industry, excellent climate and attractions. Life in Singapore is strictly regulated by strictly performed laws that guarantee the safety and prosperity of tourism. Local residents are not entitled to neglect such an article of state income, because it gives a lion's share of profit. Singapore is one of the few countries where the annual number of tourists exceeds the population.

To maintain the image of the exemplary state, the largest fines and strictest penalties for violation of laws are provided here. The use and importation of drugs, for example, are punishable by the death penalty. For smoking in public places, abandoned to earth trash, chewing gum charge astronomically large fines. All these rigors are accurately paying off: Singapore is an absolutely clean and completely safe city.

The Republic of Singapore is an autonomous state that is a developed megalopolis. It occupies the islands focused in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Malack Peninsula. Nearest neighbors of the country - Malaysia and Indonesia. The states of the state spread over the archipelago. It includes fifty tiny land sushi.

general information

Sentose is the largest island. Singapore area area exceeds 580 square kilometers. Its maximum length is 42 km. Approximately half of the land belongs to parks, squares and forest arrays. Senthosis landscape. Plain, minimal height differences. In the south-western tip of the island are coral reefs.

List of large islands of Singapore:

• Killed.
• Brahi.
• Semakaau
• Temong Besar.
• Judge.
• Satoze.
• Singapore.

Official languages \u200b\u200b- Indian, Chinese and Malay. The latter is assigned state status. Almost all residents of the archipelago speak English.

Administrative division

The state of Singapore is divided into five equivalent districts. Each region is headed by the elected mayor. His activity is controlled by the Council for Community Development. List of administrative districts of the country:

• Southwestern.
• Southeastern.
• Northwestern.
• Northeastern.
• Central.

The South-Western District area exceeds 210 square kilometers. The population of Singapore in this part of the state is 1,270,200 people. The density exceeds 6,000 inhabitants at km². The territory of the South-Eastern District is 103 km². The number of permanent people - 952,280, the population density is 9,237 at km².

The Earth of the North-West District extends 107 km². The population of Singapore in the north of the country exceeds 764,920 people. Density - 7,128 at km². 1,007,126 islanders live in the Northeast District. Its territory exceeds 151 km², population density - 6,665 people at km². The central district occupies a plot whose area is 142 km². It contains 1,189,000 people, the density is 8,332 at the KM².

All of the listed districts are still divided into election communities, which are local municipalities. They consist of areas.

Regions

In addition to districts, Singapore is divided into regions. Their borders are conditional. Regional descriptions are used to prepare tourist and geographical directories, economic reports and statistical forecasts. The population of Singapore also uses this gradation system. List of regions of the country:

• Central.
• Oriental.
• Northern.
• Northeastern.
• West.

The total number of areas is 55. A similar system of dividing the country's territory was commissioned in 2000. Today it is used everywhere. It was made in the course of the National Census of the Population of Singapore. In the central region there are 22 municipalities. The biggest - bucital measures. Its area exceeds 131 km². Population - 929,082 people.

12 communities are concentrated in the Western district, the largest of them are Gurong West. The provincial area is 255 km². The population of Singapore in the West exceeds 893,000 inhabitants. In the northeast is seven municipalities. Lead District - Hohan. Its territory takes 138 km², the number of islanders is 747,000. The eastern region is divided into six quarters. The main thing is the area of \u200b\u200bthe dish. Its area is 110 km². The population of Singapore in the East has almost reached 700,000 people.

The northern region of the country is divided into eight communities, Woodlands are considered the main one. The province area exceeds 135 km², the population is 504,000. The largest is the West region. It belongs to the massive land of sushi and many small islands.

Ethnic composition

On the territory of the countries of Southeast Asia, the Republic is the lowest state. At the same time, the density of the population of Singapore is considered one of the highest. The first census of residents on the islands was carried out in 1824. According to the information received, in that period there were about ten thousand people in the country. In 2003, this figure exceeded 4,600,000. In 2012, 5,310,000 inhabitants were registered in the state.

Migration flows play a leading role throughout the history of the islands. Since ancient times, the city attracted merchants and navigators. Most of the population of the country of Singapore represent visitors from Asia. All of them are urban residents, peasants and farmers in Singapore no. Europeans and representatives of other continental ethnic groups on the minority archipelago.

Almost 80% falls on the Chinese, 12% on Malaysev, 7% on Indians, 1% for immigrants from Europe and Africa. Demographic burden on the able-bodied population is minimal. The number of persons retirement age in the country is 7%. A group of people aged 15 to 64 years exceeds 75%. The share of the young population of Singapore has reached a value of 17%.

Chinese diaspora

The first guests from the subway, who arrived on the islands of the republic were the inhabitants of its Eastern province. They spoke on a special dialect. It was used in Fujian. Today, 42% of all immigrants from China are represented by residents of this Eastern province. The remaining ethnic groups own various chalk dialects. Their number does not exceed 23%. The visitors from Guangdong numbered 9%, the descendants of the inhabitants of the island of Hainan not more than 6%.

Malay diaspora

The current inhabitants of Singapore of Malay origin are considered heirs of fugitives who arrived from Malack Sultanate and Johor. They also migrated from the colonies of East India. A large number of population of Singapore sailed from Riaau, from the islands of Sulawesi, Java, Sumatra. Some ethnographers range to indigenous malaitsa descendants of merchants from Arab countries.

Indian diaspora

Under Indians in the state understand the whole community of people who relate to different nationalities. These are Hindus, Pakistanis, Bangladeshns, Lankans. Most of the Indians in the population of Singapore represent Tamils, which are heirs of migrants who left Sri Lanka lands. Malayali, Punjabs, Telugu and Bengalz are in the minority.

Demography

According to January 2018, the population of Singapore amounted to 5,892,211 people. Number of men - 2 970 256, which exceeds 50%. Female people are somewhat less. They are numbered 2 921 956. For the first weeks of 2018, 1,463 children were born on the islands. About 115 babies appear per day. 715 inhabitants of the country died. 56 people die per day. I was issued migration cards 2,347 foreigners. Every day, the state takes 180 immigrants.

Over the past year, the population of the republic increased by 113,491 people. Annual increase was almost two percent. Natural profits are considered positive. Mortality rate is lower than the birth rate. According to experts, in 2018, the growth rate of the population will exceed 300 people per day. The age pyramid of Singapore belongs to the regressive type. The high standard of living of the population in Singapore explains the gradual aging of the inhabitants of the archipelago.

The coefficient of general demographic load in the country exceeds 29%. This indicator is considered low. The potential substitution coefficient is committed to 18%. Pension load is estimated at 12%. Demographers expect the average life expectancy in the republic in 2018 will exceed 82 years. At the same time, the employment of the population of Singapore almost reached a hundred percent level.

Wheel-bodied young people do not work. Faces older than fifteen, but younger than twenty-five years are trained in colleges and universities. After the completion of the student, almost all young professionals take on labor obligations. Currently, the average life expectancy of women is 85 years old. Men dying in 80. Literacy almost reached 97%. Each man older than fifteen years owns one language on which he can write and read.

National features

The desire for order is a distinctive feature of the inhabitants of Singapore. Smoking tobacco in public places is under a strict ban. The value of the money fine in terms of usual currency is 60,000 rubles. For smokers, special places are equipped, which are located near trade and business centers. Tootold will also have for the transition of the roadway in the wrong place and for the garbage left on the street. Guests of the city urge to use urns.

In Singapore is prohibited chewing gum. For its use in the territory of the state faces a fine of 18,000 rubles. The main national holiday is Independence Day. He is celebrated in the first half of August. Singapore is recognized as a multi-religious state. Representatives of various concessions get on its territory. Freedom of religion is enshrined at the constitutional level.

Religion

Buddhists make up 42%, Muslims - 15%, Christians - 10%. The share of adherents of Taoism is above 8%. The number of Catholics seeks to 5%. Persons who belong to Hinduism have 4%. At the same time, in Singapore, the church is not separated from public life. Every citizen of the republic pays a small tax that goes to the development of religious institutions.

Almost all the Chinese living in Singapore are confessing Buddhism. Indians and Malays are associated with Islam. Most often they adhere to the Sunni direction. The largest Muslim prayer house on the islands is the mosque of Sultan Hussein.

Her mosaic minarets come out at the crossroads of Nord Bridge Road streets and Arab Street. Jews attend the synagogues of Magin Abot or Hesed El. Christians in Singapore are Europeans or descendants of mixed marriages. There is even an Armenian church in the country. She was erected at the beginning of the XIX century. Her building is under state government.

Welfare of the population

To date, the GDP per capita of Singapore exceeds the majority of similar indicators of the countries of Southeast Asia. This is one of the most dynamically developing states. The average annual income of an ordinary citizen in 2000 to the date of deduction of funds in favor of pension and social foundations was $ 42,000 (≈ 2,500,000 rubles). If analyst forecasts come true, the inhabitants of the republic will become the most secured in the world in 2020. Their income will be $ 155,000 (≈8,700,000 rubles).

Already today in the country there are more than 380 millionaires. Plus, about 1,500 people came close to this level. The five inhabitants of Singapore were recognized by billionaires. The magnitude of the average pension in the country exceeds 15,000 rubles. The minimum age to access the rest for men is 65 years old, and for women - 60. As such as the magnitude of the minimum wage in the state there is no. Maximum payments are not limited. In the year, Singapore's President receives five times more than the head of the United States of America.

The average resident of the islands is five times richer than an ordinary citizen of the Russian Federation. The difference between the salary of the surgeon and the waiter on the archipelago is ten times. The cost of living in the republic is one of the highest in the world.

The country is extremely high level of medical care. Every year Singapore is attended by about 400 thousand tourists (including 9.8 thousand from Russia), indicating medical care as the main reason for visiting the country. Undoubtedly, factors such as convenience, security, environmental cleanliness in combination with world health standards and high quality service contribute to Singapore to become a leading direction in the field of medical tourism.

- Not the smallest state in the world, but its square is small - only about 716 square meters. km. The government, however, is very actively working in the direction of increasing the territory, annually adding to it several kilometers, in the manner: coastal zones are dried, falling asleep and quickly mastered.

This state is located in Southeast Asia, a few dozen islands, and for several decades, the rest of the world has been surprised by the phenomenon of its development and prosperity: the rapid rise of Singapore is called the "economic miracle", and it is not by chance that the tourist industry is now becoming one of the most significant tourist industries.

Singapore call the "Lviv city on the islands": Many local legends and legends are associated with lions. The Malay word "Singanga", in turn, having Sanskrit roots - "Sinha", and means "lion". Many cultural and historical sights are associated with lions. So, one of the legends says that in time immemorial (the history of Singapore is traced from the III century AD) inhabitants of the locality protected from enemies and disasters a wonderful animal, with a fish body and a lion's head.

In honor of the mythical beast in Singapore, several monuments were installed in Singapore, but the most famous fountain in the form of "Rus Maloching Lion" in Merlyon Park, on the river bank: It was built in the 70s of the XX century. The park this in itself is an important tourist attraction. Millions of tourists come here every year, photographed against the background of local wonders, admire - completely free! - Laser show, which takes place in the hotel Marina Bay every evening, make cruises on the river, bearing the same name as the state city.

Singapore climate: with umbrella and air conditioning

The climate in Singapore is quite hot and wet - about 85% and higher, and rains are frequent phenomenon at any time of the year. It is impossible to say that there is a dry season, so the umbrella is better to have with you always: short rain rains, reminiscent of mini-waterfalls, begin suddenly and also stopped sharply, and then the sun shines again.

The climate is influenced by the proximity of the equator and the island location: the day the air is heated to 31 ° C, and at night "cools up" to 25 ° C, and this is the average. The last time below 20 ° C, the temperature dropped more than 80 years ago.

From November to the end of January, the rains go almost every day, or every other day, and there are very few sun. Such the weather likes Local - no heat, but tourists are not delighted: it is impossible to bathe, and the photos are obtained in neuropric and ineffective.

Evenings in Singapore Early - after 18 hours already darkens, and nightlife begins somewhere in 20-21 hours, when it becomes easier to breathe. The heat in the open air contrasts with a significantly cool (17-18 ° C) atmosphere inside the overwhelming majority of buildings and structures: air conditioners are working everywhere, so warm things will be needed.

Main sights Singapura

In the small city-state of an interesting and bright so much what to say, and it is very brief, you can only about several places. Singapore is called an advanced state and the only former British colony, who managed to get ahead of Britain in economic development.

In the city, in addition to the statue of Leo, you should visit the embankment: it is very big and especially beautiful at night; In order to just go through it, it will take about 1.5 hours. Hotel Marina Bay Sands is also a landmark, with 200 meter hull towers, a huge terrace, an even more impressive garden and a swimming pool.

Gardens by the Bay guide gardens, which deserve descriptions, as a separate miracle, have become not only the main holiday destination for local and tourists, but also a national symbol. Artificial "superdevian" up to 50 m high - a unique spectacle Day and night, are real vertical gardens, with alive green plants and flowers.

On the island of Sentoza, where adults and children love to relax, there is a S.E.a oceanarium. Aquarium, the largest in the world; He is open not so long ago, in 2012. Oceanarium - part of the Park "Marine Life"; Another part of it is the "adventure bay", with amazing water attractions. For example, you can sail more than 600 m down the river, on a special rubber device, and see more than a dozen of interesting natural and man-made compositions; Swim together with dolphins, etc. Even children from 1 year are invited to the park.

A local zoo is distinguished, also considered one of the best in the world: many species contained here are rare and extinct. For beasts, everything is arranged as natural as possible, in a natural environment, without cells. Closed enclosures only for the most dangerous, but also with natural landscape, very large and glazed. Singapore Zoo is the only tropical climate where white bears live and breed.

Wonderful Wildlife in Singapore

Labrador - Mixed Park: Although the nature reserve is natural, with wild forest thickets, it is arranged for tourists and other zones. On the shore there is a well-maintained park area, and on the territory - the Park of Military Relics of the Second World War, with a real fort and a multitude of underground tunnels; The latter were built even earlier, at the end of the XIX century.

Sunghei Buloh - Wetland Reserve, Paradise for reptiles, insects, crustaceans and birds, including flight, leaving here on the way to southern countries. Three rivers merge here, forming an extensive wetland: the feeds are plenty, and the conditions for breeding are perfect.

Pulau Island is killed - "granite", famous for thick vegetation and rich animals of the world: the local places in terms of lovers of untouched nature, and move the most convenient on bicycles. Building the island did not become, although the problem of free space for Singapore is very relevant. It was decided to maintain this natural zone, so you live on the island of only about 100 people; It can be said that this is the only village where there is no centralized water supply and an electrical network. The islanders are engaged in agriculture - they grown jasmine, coconuts, fruits, coffee, and also catch fish. For visitors on the island there is a hotel - if desired, you can spend the night; You can eat in the restaurant on the shore. However, tourists often come here for a few hours, capturing food to "snack in nature" with them.

From the equipped natural attractions, it is worth mentioning the park "Night Safari", the first in the world in its own way. It works at night, and visitors can observe the active life of night animals. On the territory you can move on a special tram, but there are hiking routes; So, for fishing of many cats living in the park - large and not very, observed with a pedestrian trail.

Singapore's beach rest is not too famous, but sunbathing and swimming with comfort can be on the island of Satoze, in the city center: sand there is bridal, small and white. Beaches in Singapore landscaped, well-groomed and free. In the eastern part of the islands of people very little; There are very cozy places, surrounded by coconut palm trees and with beautiful coral reefs.

Singapore - a city-state city located on the island in Southeast Asia, separated from the southern tip of the Malack Peninsula by a narrow Johor region. It borders with the Sultanat Johor, which is part of Malaysia and with RIAu Islands in Indonesia. The name Singapore occurred from Malay Singa (Lion), borrowed from Sanskrit Simha (Lion), and Sanskrit Pura (city).

Singapore Square is 710.2 square meters. km. (2008), incl. Water - 10 km2. Coastline: 193 km .. Square is gradually increasing due to the program for a worn territory operating since the 60s. The territory includes the main island of Singapore and 58 small islands lying along its coast. The largest of them were killed, Temong Besup, Brani, Sentosa, Semakau and the Judge. The highest point is the hill Bukit Tifi (163.3 m).

Singapore occupies a rather insignificant area of \u200b\u200bthe island in six hundred fifty kilometers square, as well as sixty-three small islands in the southern tip of the Malacca Peninsula, from which Singapore Island is separated by a kilometer strait Johor. Such a small width of the Strait made it possible to build a bridge between the two shores. Malacca and Singapore Strait separated the island from the state of Indonesia.

Once Singapore Island was a solid array of rainforest. But, unfortunately, there are no half of this natural wealth and half of this natural wealth, only on the coast there are low-speed evergreen thickets from mangrove trees, and in the northern part of the island, small areas of forests are preserved, given to preservation of the parks. The highest point of the island is a lowland budgery with a maximum height of one hundred and sixty-two meters above sea level. For the central part of the island, the predominance of plans covered with a parel, and for the eastern part - low hills.

Singapore - Parliamentary Republic. The executive authority belongs to the Cabinet of Ministers led by Prime Minister, the president fulfills a more representative role, but in some cases it can impose a veto for critical solutions.

Since 1965, PEOPLE'S Action Party, PAP) has politically dominated in Singapore. Critics are called Singapore de facto a one-party country, and accused PAP in suppressing the opposition. Nevertheless, such opposition parties such as the working party and Singapore Democratic Alliance are presented in parliament). Reporters without borders put Singapore for the 140th place in the index of the press freedom of 167 countries.

Despite this, the Government of Singapore created an extremely effective and transparent market economic system in the country. In addition, the government has a reputation as honest and non-corpped, various researchers constantly put Singapore to the top ten of the least corrupt countries in the world and to the highest place in the absence of corruption in Asia (see Transparency International).

Statistical indicators of Singapore
(as of 2012)

Singapore is part of such international organizations as the Commonwealth of Nations, the UN and the Association of Southeast Asia (ASEAN). Diplomatic relations with Russia (USSR) were concluded in 1968.

Singapore Island

the main island of the state is Singapore, is most of its territory. The island lives most of the population of the state. Located 137 km from the Equator. Separated from the Malacca Poland, Johor Width, just over 1 km. In the south of Indonesia, it separates Singapore Strait, connecting the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. The length of the island is 42 km, width 23 km. Area 617.1 km2. Singapore is the plain island. His highest point is the hill Bukit Times (164 m), is located among the preserved tropical forests of the state of Singapore. The river flows around the island: Singapore, the length of which is 3 km, Shangeha Sellovear, proceeds north, its length is 15 km. There is also the Kalang River. Singapore is located in the south of the island. 15 km west of it is located a large industrial center - the village of Urban-type Gurong.

Singapore is associated with two bridges with Malacca Peninsula. It takes the railway and car transportation is moving. In addition, there is a Changi International Airport, as well as a ferry message with neighboring, owned by Indonesia, Batam and Bintan Islands.

Climate Singapore

Singapore refers to the field of tropical monsoon climate. The annual temperature of the temperature is smooth, without well-pronounced maxima and lows. The average monthly air temperature fluctuates from +25.7 in December to +27.5 in May. At the same time, in the daytime, the air warms up to +30: 32, and in the night cooled to +20.

There is no arid period in Singapore. The amount of precipitation at any month exceeds 140 mm, and the most intense rains occur for the period from November to January. About 2500 mm of precipitation falls per year. The maximum number of them (about 300 mm) falls on December, the minimum (140 mm) is June. Shni fell unexpectedly, but also quickly end. Frections thunderstorms, the largest amount of them falls on May and on average is 19 days a month. The climate of Singapore is characterized by high humidity. In the morning hours, its value is about 90%, and by the middle of the day, it decreases to 70-75%.

The city is located almost at the equator, so the temperature fluctuations of the climate are minimal. The average temperature of January is 1 ° below the average temperature of June (respectively, the coldest and hottest months). So climatic conditions are stable throughout the year. That is, whenever you come to this country, always warm and wet weather. When within two months - from November to January - the northeast monsoon comes to the island, then you can expect heavy rains. The average annual precipitation reaches one and a half thousand millimeters per year. One of the features of local torrential rains is that they are sharply and suddenly begin and in the same way - suddenly - end. And as quickly, the warm sun shines again, as if there was no rain. The average daily air temperature reaches thirty degrees, sharply dropping to plus twenty five. The humidity coefficient is high, making up seventy five percent. Day heat is very easily transferred thanks to the permanent breeze from the sea - they bring long-awaited relief.

Flora and fauna

The natural vegetation of Singapore is wet tropical forests, but most of them were reduced and given to agriculture, water tanks and urban development. The northern and northwestern areas remain the latest intact islands of equatorial vegetation, but most of them are aligned and used as a garden-park zone. Forests of forests are also preserved on the islands. The largest zone of untouched forest is the Bucit Timan Reserve, where more than 800 varieties of local plants are numbered, including giant trees, ferns and flowering plants. Also lives an extensive population of long-tailed macaques, lemurs, mesh pythons, DRONGOs and a whitewood sea eagle. The Natural Park of Sungi Boulo, lying on the marshy lands, is the place of wintering of migratory birds from all over the eastern part of the Asian continent.

Singapore zoo, in which animals are contained in natural conditions. Reserve "Bukit Tima" - 70 hectares of untouched tropical forest, Giurong Bird Park, with an area of \u200b\u200b20 hectares, where many tropical birds live. Tourist island of Satonza with golf courses and other entertainment.

Singapore is one of the largest international decorative fish breeding centers for export. The most important, dominant view of the export of decorative fish Singapore - Guppy (Poecilia Reticulata), other important species are scales (Poecilia Latipinna, P. Sphenops), Middle Mares (Xiphophodhorus Helleri), Pecilia (X. Maculatus), Barbusi, representatives of the Haracinov family and gurors.

According to the legend, the first prince came here with Sumatra, who saw a creature with a lion head and a fish tail. The settlement founded by them was called the "City of Leo", and the temple was erected mythical animal. Singapore residents, having tradition, call their city "Lion and Temple".

Population of Singapore

Singapore is the second country in the world in population density. The population of 4.987 million in 2009 (4.42 million in 2005) differs in distribution from neighboring Malaysia. Most of the population make up the Chinese - 76.8%. Malays of different origin make up 13.9%. The immigrants from India are 7.9%, most of which are tamils, in smaller quantities - Malayali, Punjabs and Bengalts. Small groups make up Arabs, Jews, Thais, Armenians, Japanese and Metisia (Eurasiats).

Singapore is a multi-itelectric country. 40% of the population confess Buddhism. Most Chinese people follow traditional beliefs, combining Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism and ancient animism. Most Muslims are Malaya, but Other nations are confess. Christianity adheres to 14% of the population; Presented both Catholicism and other confessions, in particular, Orthodoxy. After serious national conflicts flewing in Singapore in the 1960s, the government began to carefully monitor national relations and proclaimed the principle of harmony, which follows the systems of education, housing, army and other social spheres. Since the 1970s, conflicts have almost stopped. Currently, it is forbidden to wear Islamic handkerchiefs in schools. In October 2005, for racist comments, one Internet user was sentenced to a month of prison.

The national language for historical reasons is the Malay language, and the State Anthem Majulah Singapura goes on Malay. Official languages \u200b\u200bare English, Putunhua, Malay and Tamil. Since independence, the administration is actively engaged in English. The large-scale campaign "Speak on Putunhua" was carried out to merge all the dialects of the Chinese language. Many ads, newspapers and publications are printed only in English and Chinese.

Historically, Chinese immigrants are divided into several groups and use several dialects, so different that it is almost impossible to understand each other: it is a hockey or Hawk-kjeng, Yue or Cantonese, Hokch, Chauzaan, Hakka and Hainan.

An English language introduced through schools also acquired a street form - the so-called "singlish" (eng. Singlish), to which you can still add a mixed Malaysco-English language "Mangrish" (Manglish). Nevertheless, Singapore literature and official institutions enjoy regulatory English.

In Singapore, there are a number of ethnic regions, such as Little India ("Little India") and "Chinatown". The areas appeared as a result of the Ruffle Plan on the adaptation of new immigrants through national ghetto. Now these areas have lost their former importance, but remain cultural centers where national goods are sold and national restaurants work.

The government monitors compliance with the principle of tolerance, including for freedom of religion. There are several Hindu, Buddhist and Taoist temples in Singapore, as well as mosques and Christian churches. There are also unorthodox religious groups.

The cosmopolitan orientation of Singapore culture led to a variety of arts, music and theater. In 2003, a new "Esplanade" theater was built and opened in Singapore (in shape resembling a Durian's local fruit) for a large number of places in which performances and presentations are held.

Source - http://singapyr.ru/
http://ru.wikipedia.org/