In which year, the Mausoleum Taj Mahal is laid. Where is the Taj Mahal? History of Great Love: Shah-Jahan and Mumtaz-Mahal

The Taj Mahal is a recognized symbol of eternal love, because he was created for the sake of a woman who conquered the heart of the Emperor of the Great Mogolov Shah-Jahan. Mumtaz-Mahal was his third wife and died at the birth of their fourteenth child. In order to perpetuate the name of the beloved, Padishah conceived a grandiose project on the construction of the Mausoleum. Construction took 22 years, but today it is a sample of harmony in art, which is why tourists from all over the world dream of visiting a miracle of light.

Taj Mahal and its construction

To build the greatest mausoleum in the world, Padishary involved more than 22,000 people from all of the empire and surrounding states. The best masters worked on the mosque to bring it to perfection, observing the full symmetry according to the emperor plans. Initially, the land plot on which it was planned to establish a tomb, belonged to Maharaja Gay Singhu. Shah-Jahan gave him in return to the empty territory of the palace in the city of Agra.

First, work was carried out on the preparation of the soil. The territory exceeding the area of \u200b\u200bhectares, replaced, replaced the soil for the sustainability of the future building. The foundation was the dumped wells, which were filled with butt. During the construction, a white marble was used, which had to carry not only from different parts of the country, but even from neighboring states. To solve the problem with transportation, I had to specifically invent the carts, construct the lifting ramp.

Only the tomb and the platform were built to it about 12 years, the remaining elements of the complex were erected over the other 10 years. Over the years, the following facilities appeared:

• minarets;
• mosque;
• javab;
• Large gate.

It is because of such a length in time that disputes often arise as to how many years the Taj Mahal was built and what year to consider the point of expiration on the construction of the sights. Construction began in 1632, and all work ended to 1653, Mausoleum himself was ready already in 1643. But no matter how long the work did not last, as a result, an amazing temple of 74 meters high, and surrounds his gardens with an impressive pool and fountains. .

The feature of the architecture of the Taj Mahal

Despite the fact that the construction is so significant from a cultural point of view, there are still no reliable information about who in fact was the chief architect of the tomb. During the work, the best masters were attracted, the Council of Architects was created, and all decisions made exclusively from the emperor. In many sources, it is believed that the project to create a complex proceeded from the statue of Ahmad Lahauri. True, when discussing the question of who built the pearl of architectural art, the name of the Turk of Isa Muhammed Efendi often pops up.

However, it does not matter who built the palace, as he is a symbol of love Padishah, who has sought to create a unique tomb worthy of his faithful companion of life. For this reason, a white marble was elected as a material, denoting the purity of the Mumtaz-Mahal soul. The walls of the tombs are decorated with precious stones laid out in intricate pictures to convey the amazing beauty of the emperor's wife.

A few styles are intertwined in the architecture, among which are notes from Persia, Islam and Central Asia. The main advantages of the complex it is customary to be chess sex, minarets with a height of 40 meters, as well as an amazing dome. The feature of the Taj Mahal is the use of optical illusions. So, for example, the inscriptions from the Qur'an written along the arches seem the same size over the entire height. In fact, the letters and the distance between them are much greater than below, but the person coming into the inside does not see this difference.

This illusions do not end, as you need to watch the landmark at different times of the day. The marble, from which he was made, translucent, so the day seems white, at sunset the sun acquires a pinkish hue, and at night, under the lunar light, gives silver.

In Islamic architecture it is impossible to do without images of colors, but how much a monument from mosaic was made, cannot but impress. If you look closely, you can see dozens of precious stones inlaid all over a pair of centimeters. Such details are found inside and outside, because all the mausoleum is thought out to the smallest detail.

The whole design has an axial symmetry outside, so some details were completed only to maintain a common type. The interior is also symmetrical, but already regarding the tomb of Mumtaz-Mahal. The total harmony violates only the tombstone of Shah-Jahan himself, who was already installed next to the beloved after his death. Although the tourists do not matter what the symmetry indoors looks like, because it is decorated so exquisitely that the look is running out, and this is considering that most of the treasures were charged vandals.

To build the Taj Mahal, it was necessary to establish massive forests, while it was decided to use not familiar bamboo for this, and durable brick. The masters who worked on the project argued that it would have to disassemble the created design for years. Shah-Jahan went to another way and announced that everyone could pick up as many bricks as he could carry. As a result, the design was dismantled by residents of the city in a few days.

Story says that at the end of construction, the emperor ordered the eyes of the eyes and cut off his hands to all the masters, created a miracle so that they could not reproduce such elements in other works. And although in those days, many really used such methods, it is believed that this is only a legend, and Padishah limited himself to writing that architects would not create similar mausoleum.

At this, interesting facts do not end, because opposite the Taj Mahal was to be the same tomb for the Indian ruler, but from black marble. This was briefly stated in the documents of the Son of the Great Padishah, but historians are inclined to the fact that they were talking about the reflection of the existing tomb, which seems black of the pool, which also confirms the Emperor's passion to illusions.

There are disputes that the museum can be collapsed due to the fact that the Jamna River overtones over the years. Recently, cracked were found on the walls, but this does not mean that the reason lies only in the river. The temple is located in the city where various factors associated with the environment affect it. The once white marble acquires a yellow shade, so it has to be often cleaned by white clay.

For those who are interested, as the name of the complex is translated, it is worth saying that it means the "greatest palace" from the Persian. However, there is an opinion that the mystery lies in the name of the Indian Prince of the Indian Prince. The future emperor was in love with her cousin before marriage and called Her Mumtaz-Mahal, that is, the decoration of the palace, and the Taj, in turn, means "crown".

Tourists on the note

It is not worth listed than the great mausoleum is famous, because it is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and is also considered a new miracle of the world. During the excursion, they will definitely tell a romantic story about whether the temple was built, and also give a brief description of the construction stages and open secrets, in which city there is a similar structure.

To visit the Taj Mahal, you will need an address: in the city of Agra, you need to get to State Highway 62, Tajganj, Uttar Pradesh. Photos on the territory of the temple are allowed to do, but only on ordinary equipment, professional equipment here is strictly prohibited. True, many tourists make beautiful photos outside the complex, you just need to know where the observation deck is located with a top view. On the map of the city, it is usually indicated where you can see the palace and which side is open to the territory of the complex.

Surely everyone heard about one of the real wonders of the world - Taj Mahal. He is not very popular, this is one of the symbols of the greatness of Islamic faith. The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum that is used as a mosque, he is now in India in the city of Agra, the Jamna River proceeds next to it. It is famous for his skillfully performed architectural design, his beauty literally fascinates and surprises. This is a real unique palace, which can be admired without ceasing.

Among the whole Indian architecture it will be difficult to find something similar, seeing him in a living, you not only feel the scale, but for sure you will admire his stunning beauty. Of course, tourists comes a huge amount, a crowd of the people comes every day. After all, not only the followers of Islam will be interested in Taj Mahal, but and anyone who wants to meet another culture and everyone who wants to enjoy the charming beauty.

Description

Work on the construction was done in 1632, the architect was the advantage of Ahmad Lahauri. Then he was built as a mausoleum of the deceased wife of Padishah, now it is one of the most magnificent and unique structures of man-made. The Taj Mahal is a skillful example of a certain Mongolian style, not to mention the fact that it is mainly made of marble.

This mosque combines several additional styles, for example, Indian themes, Persian and Arab motives are clearly felt here. It's amazing how fast the resulting building, although many years have passed and the earth have passed, even worried about earthquakes, the Taj Mahal looks as if it was built only a couple of years ago.

History

The motive for the creation was very romantic and beautiful, the Padisham of the Empire of Baburid Shah-Jahan gave the classification to build a similar building of Mausoleum in memory of the soy of his beloved wife. The fate of the beauties Mumtaz-Mahal was very sad, as she died at the birth of their fourteenth child, over, the mausoleum was assigned and later for the Padishah himself, so that they were resting there along with his wife. His sorrow on the spouse and devotion to her was so great that he wanted to build a magnificent building, which will not be comparisons.

In addition, this cultural monument has also a small but beautiful legend, which tells that the Indian Shah Jahan, by the will of fate he saw a girl in the local market that traded there. He was amazed and fascinated by the beauty of a stranger at first sight, so immediately decided to marry it. The girl not only justified his hopes, but was his beloved wife, who brought happiness and joy for all 17 years old. But this wonderful time broke off, she died at the birth of one of their children.

Shah was depressed and his heart was broken. He no longer loved anyone so much and believed that he would no longer see him happiness. As you understand this legend, a direct reflection of the history of mausoleum. The story really inspires and amazes how strong the love may be. This is a great building last gift to your beloved woman. This can be seen not only in its beauty, but also a special atmosphere, which all around him is being brought.

Architecture

The structure of the whole building was performed at the highest level. The most famous part of the Taj Mahal is considered to be his big dome, which is remembered at the first glance on the mausoleum. The mausoleum was built for a long time, it is believed that more than 25 years, although the exact date is unknown, the work ended in 1653, and we can immediately understand how much work was done. If you can enjoy the appearance of photographs to enjoy the appearance, although in a living course, the impression is incomprehensible.

Inside the mausoleum there are two tombs, one as you already understand, belongs to the wife of Shah, and the second Jakhan himself. But the bodies are not located in the tombs that you can see, but below in the ground, but exactly under the memorials. All Taj Mahal is a five-populated structure, its height is 74 meters, if you count with the bottom platform. There are four minaret around around, directly opposite the corners of the mausoleum.

You may notice that they are a little tilted in the other direction, this feature was made specifically, so that in the destroyer or catastrophe they fell in the other side and did not hurt the Taj Mahal. In addition, the beauty of the garden is striking, which is adjacent to cultural value, the pool with fountains is located here, which is very like to show on different pictures.

• Taj Mahal is translated as the "greatest palace."
• Airplanes are forbidden to fly over the Taj Mahal.
• A visit for citizens of India cost less, so for them the entrance will be 650 rupees, and for a foreign tourist 1000 rupees.
• Taj Mahal is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
• About 20 thousand craftsmen worked on the territory of the Taj Mahal.

Where is

You can find the Taj Mahal on the map by accurate coordinates: 27 ° 10'29 "s. sh. 78 ° 02'31 "in. He is located in India in the city of Agra, finding it there will be quite simple, as it is included in any tour of local attractions. This is not just one of the main places of Islam, but literally his character. You can get there if you are in Agra, from Delhi only 200 km. There are many trains in a direct flight through the city of Agra.

Taj Mahal (India): Architecture, Construction, Myths

Taj Mahal "This is a mosque combined with a mausoleum located in Agra on the shores of the local River Jamna. It is not known about who exactly the architect of this building. This construction was built on the orders of Shah-Janakha, which is a direct descendant of the famous Tamerlane. The Padisham of the Empire of the Great Mughal elevated the Taj Mahal for his wife Mumtaz-Mahal, who died at the birth of 14 children. Subsequently, Shah Jahan himself was buried here.

Taj Mahal (it is also called simply "Taj") is the most famous example of architecture style, which originated in Mongolia. He absorbed elements of Islamic, Indian and Persian architecture styles, as in the culture of Mongols there are generally a lot of borrowing. Taj Mahal received the status of the UNESCO World Heritage Site in the 83th year of the twentieth century. He is considered to be a generally accepted masterpiece and pearl of Muslim culture, which people from different countries of the planet admire.

Taj Mahal is a structurally integrated complex. Its construction began in 1632, and the work was finished only by 1653, that is, lasted for more than two decades. About twenty thousand masters and ordinary workers worked on the construction of the facility. The construction of the leading architects of the time was also led by the leading architects, but it is not known for certain, who exactly made the main contribution to the final result. The Creator of this famous building is usually considered Lahauri, but some information suggests that Turkey Mohammed Efendi is the chief architect. In any case, this question is unlikely to be able to receive an answer.

Inside the mausoleum you can see the tomb of Shah and his spouses. But in fact, they are buried not under the tombs, but slightly lower, underground.

The Taj Mahal is a five-populated building, whose height reaches 74 meters. It was built on the platform with four minarets in the corners. Minarets have a small slope away from the tomb so that in case of collapse, do not damage it.

Nearby is a garden with fountains. The walls are posted from a translucent marble, which had to be brought here from afar. The masonry is made with inlaid from gems. Thanks to this, the walls in the daylight look snow-white, they seem pink at the dawn, and the lunar night have a silver shade.

The construction of this building was held for a long time and at the facility managed to work more than twenty thousand people from different ends of the country, as well as from other states of Asia and the Middle East. Each of them contributed to the final result.

Taj Mahal erected a little south of Agri, which was surrounded by a high wall guarding the city. Shah-Jahan personally engaged in the choice of the site and exchanged a huge palace on him, which is located in the very center of Agry. As a result, construction began on a platform of approximately 1.2 hectares. To start the ground, the ground has replaced and replaced the soil, and then built the platform, which rose five meters above the bank's level of the local river. In the future, the construction of the foundation began, which was to become the basis of a massive building and during its construction the most modern technologies at that time were applied. It was thoroughly built even forests that were not bamboo, as usual, and bricks. They turned out so massive that the masters were afraid that after the end of construction they would have to disassemble for several years. But it turned out everything is somewhat different. Give says that Shah-Jahan announced that anyone can take so much bricks as the forests wanted hardly for one night, since in those days it was a popular building material.

The marble was transported with a special ramp, built from the pressed land. Along it, thirty bulls dragged each block to the construction site. The blocks were raised to the desired level using specially designed mechanisms. The proximity of the river also allowed to quickly produce water. The special cable system made it possible to fill the reservoirs as quickly as possible, after which water from the tanks from specially paved pipes was transported directly to the construction site. Work in this sense was done huge.

The tomb and platform were built in 12 years, and all other parts of the complex were built ten more. The construction was divided into steps and largely due to this it was possible to achieve timely delivery of all objects. Forces were not sprayed, but accumulated on a specific form of work.

Taj Mahal in 1865

Building materials were coming here from all over India and even from neighboring powers of Asia, therefore more than one thousand elephants were used for transportation. The Taj Mahal was really built by the whole country, and a huge amount of strength, time and money went on his construction.

Taj Mahal in 1890

From the very beginning of its existence, the Taj Mahal was not only a source of universal admiration, but also an excellent reason for creating myths and legends on its basis. As you know, any beautiful history surrounds a lot of accompanying narches, some of which is true, and the other full of half and fiction. Sometimes it is impossible to figure out where the truth, and where is the fiction. What exactly is true, and the number of legends themselves is not calculating, we will focus on the most remarkable.

The most common myth is that the Taj Mahal should have become not the only mausoleum. According to the legend, in front of it, another mausoleum was supposed to appear, but already from black marble. The new building should have been growing on the other side of the river, but this was prevented by certain circumstances. So, they say that Shah-Jahans tribal did not have time to finish the construction due to the fact that he was overthrown with the throne with his own son and the legal heir to Aurangzeb. This legend has been reinforced by the fact that on the opposite bank of the river, it was indeed discovered by ruins from black marble. But everything fell into place at the end of the twentieth century, when excavations and research were made to understand that black marble is actually just a white marble from time to time. At the same time, the pond in the Lunar Garden (there was due to the appreciation to be the second mausoleum) was reconstructed, it turned out that the reflection of the Taj Mahal in the water of the pond looks black and can be considered without problems. Perhaps the pond was built only for these purposes.

There is no evidence and the fact that after the construction completion, the architect cut off his hands so that he could not recreate such beauty. According to another version, the builders signed a special agreement that will never build anything similar to the Taj Mahal. Such legends accompany almost any known structure and are a fantasy of pure water.

Another legend applies to the fact that in the middle of the nineteenth century William Bentink planned to completely destroy the mausoleum and sell his marble at a large auction. Most likely, this myth arose after Bentink sold marble from the design of one of the forts in the city of Agra, but he did not have such plans regarding the tomb.

Often embellish the reality and guidebooks, according to which Shah-Jahan was overthrown with his son, admired the Taj Mahal straight because of his lattice of his dungeon. In fact, nothing like this was, since Shah-Jahan contained in more than comfortable conditions in the Red Forest, located in Delhi. From there Taj Mahal, of course, it is impossible to see. Here, the storytellers deliberately replace the Delian Red Fort by the fact that it is located in Agra. From the Red Fort in Agra really is really visible. It turns out that most of the myths and stories about the famous mausoleum are no more than the usual fudges, let and very beautiful.

Address: India, Agra
Start of construction: 1632 year
Ending construction: 1653 year
Architect: Fastener Ahmad Lakhauri
Height: 72 M.
Coordinates: 27 ° 10 "30.5" N 78 ° 02 "31.4" E

Content:

As soon as the famous Mausoleum Taj Mahal was not called! Famous Indian poet Rabindranat Tagore wrote about the Taj Mahahal that this monument is "a tear, sparkling on the face of eternity."

Taj Mahal from a bird's eye view

In 1983, Mausoleum was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and was recognized as the best example of Indo-Muslim architecture.

Taj Mahal is a legend of love frozen in marble

In the history of the white graded masterpiece, the facts and legends worked closely, but most historians converge in the opinion that the tomb was built in the 1630s. About the order of the emperor of the Great Mughal - Shah-Jahan in memory of the untimely died spouse Mumtaz-Mahal. Loves got married when the beautiful Mumtaz-Mahal was 19 years old. Shah-Jahan loved only her and did not notice other women. The emperor's wife became his closest adviser, participated in the conduct of public affairs and accompanied her husband in all military campaigns. The spouses had 13 children, and during the birth of the 14th child, Mumtaz-Mahal died. The emperor sat for a long time at his wife's mortal bed, tirelessly mourning her. The Shah-Jahan killed grief went, declared two-year-old mourning in the country and decided to build in the agra - the capital of the Empire of the Great Mughal, on the banks of the river Jamna Mausoleum, which are not there on Earth, there was no and will not. 22 long year continued construction. More than 20,000 people participated in it, among them builders from the whole empire, the masters from Venice, Persia, Central Asia and the Arab East. According to the legend, the ruler was so amazed by the grandeur and perfection of the tomb, which ordered his hands to cut off his hands to the chief architect - advocate, so that he could not repeat his masterpiece.

View of the Taj Mahal from the garden

Some scientists believe that the Mausoleum was designing Shah-Jahan himself, passionately fond of architecture. He gave his creation name, consonant with the name of the deceased spouse - Taj Mahal ("Crown Palace"). On another bank, the Lord of the Lord was going to build the same mausoleum for himself, but from black marble, and the openwork bridge made of gray marble, peroxided across the river, was going to combine these two buildings. But the ideas of the emperor were not realized. Soon the fierce struggle for power was unfolded during which Aurangzeb is the son of Shah-Jahan Survy Father from the throne and sharpened him into the Red Fort for 9 years, after which the prisoner died and was buried next to his wife in Taj Mahal.

Taj Mahal Architecture

Today, the white gradual monument of the Great Love, the "Pearl of Indian Architecture" is one of the most important attractions of India. In 2007, Taj Mahal entered the list of new seven wonders of the world, compiled after a survey of more than 100 million votes. The majestic five-core mausoleums with 4 minarets in the corners rise at the 74-meter height on the white plating platform and, reflecting in the fixed glads of artificial reservoir, as if he boot over the earth like a fabulous mirage.

Taj Mahal from the opposite shore of the Jamna River

Its walls laid out of polished marble, in a bright sunny day shine white, at sunset, raw rose shine emitted, and in the lunar night - silver. This marble was taken for construction for 300 km from Rajasthan. In the inlair of the walls used precious stones and gems; A decor with quotes from the Quran is made of black marble. Malachite was brought from Russia, carnelian - from Baghdad, turquoise - from Tibet, sapphires and rubies - from Siam, Lyapis-azure - from Ceylon, Chrisolite - from the coast of Nile. The symmetry is perfectly observed in the ensemble architecture. It is disturbed only by the Tomb of Shah-Jahan, which was built after his death, much later tombstones of Mumtuz-smeared, located strictly in the middle of the Mausoleum.

Symbols hidden in the layout of the Mausoleum

Taj Mahal has many characters. For example, in the park, framing an architectural ensemble, cypresses are growing - the personification of sadness in Islam, and at the entrance gate Ayata (revelations) from the Quran, addressed to believers and ending with the words "enter my paradise!". Thus, it is possible to understand the plan of Shah-Jahan - he built a paradise where his beloved will live. The modern researchers argue that Mounty from Grief, the emperor decided to approach the divine knowledge, creating paradise on earth. Sometimes Shah-Jahan said that he was building the throne to Allah himself.

Facade fragment Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal under threat of disappearance

Currently, the creation of medieval architects comes in decline. Cracks appeared on the walls of the Taj Mahal, he loses his shining whiteness due to contaminated airAnd minarets deviated from the vertical axis by 3 mm and in the future can be collapsed. River Jamna Cheleet, and this can lead to a change in the soil structure and settling the foundation. Nevertheless, despite all the threats of destruction, the magnificent Taj Mahal has existed for more than 350 years, attracting millions of guests from all over the planet with their romantic legend and architectural perfection.

This is the greatest monument of India, which was built in the name of love and extraordinary devotion to a woman of amazing beauty. According to its greatness, it has no analogues around the world and reflects the rich period in the history of his state, which captured a whole era.

The building built from White Marble became the last gift of Emperor Shah Jakhana his died wife Mumtaz Mahal. The emperor ordered to find the best masters who would build a mausoleum, so beautiful so that he was no analogues in the world.

To date, Taj Mahal is on the list of seven the most majestic monuments around the world. Erected from white marble, decorated with gold and semi-precious stones, Taj Mahal became one of the most beautiful buildings in architecture. It is difficult not to know and it is the most commonly photographed construction in the world.

Taj Mahal became not only the pearl of the entire Muslim culture of India, but also one of the recognized world masterpieces. For many centuries, he inspired artists, musicians and poets who were trying to embody the invisible magic of this construction in paintings, music and poems.

From the 17th century, people specially crossed whole continents to simply see and enjoy this truly fabulous monument of love. Even a century later, he still enchants visitors with his architecture telling about the mysterious history of deep love.

Taj Mahal, translates as the "Palace with the dome", and today it is considered the most preserved, architecturally beautiful mausoleum in the world. Some of it is called "Elegy in Marble", for others Taj Mahal is an eternal symbol of unfading love.

Indian poet Rabindanat Tagore called him "a tear on the cheek of eternity", and the English poet Edwin Arnold said - "This is not a work of architecture, like other buildings, but the love flour of the emperor, embodied in living stones."

Creator Taj Mahal

Shah Jahan was the fifth emperor of the Great Mughal, and besides the Taj Mahal, he left behind the many excellent architectural monuments that are currently associated with the appearance of India. Such as a pearl mosque located in Agre, Shahjahakhanabad (now Old Delhi), sofa-I-Has and sofa-and-am, that in the Citadel Red Fort (Delhi). As well as considered the most luxurious throne in the world, the peacock throne of the Great Mongols. But the most famous became, of course, the Taj Mahal, who forever perpetuated his name.

Shaha Jakhan had a few wives. In 1607, he was engaged to the young girl Ardzhumanad Banu to Begham, who at that time was only 14 years old, a wedding took place five years later. During the ceremony, Father Shah-Jakhan, Jahangir, gave the name of his daunt Mumtaz Mahal, that in the translation meant "Pearl Palace".

According to the chronicles of the columns, "the relationship of the emperor with other wives was simply formal, but all the attention, favor, intimacy and deep horizontality, which Jahan experienced to Mumtaz, were a thousand times stronger in relation to their other wives."

Shah Jahan, "Lord of the World", was a big patron saint of crafts and trade, art and gardens, science and architecture. In the opinion of the empire, he stood in 1628 after the death of his father and rightfully deserved a reputation as a merciless ruler. After a number of successful military companies, the emperor Shah Jahan, significantly increased the territory of the Empire of the Great Mongols. At the peak of the board, he was considered the most powerful person on the planet, and his yard's wealth and magnificence struck all European travelers.

But his personal life was overshadowed in 1631, when his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal died during childbirth. As the legend says, Jahan promised a dying wife that he will build the most beautiful mausoleum that will not compare with anything in the world. So it was, or not, but Shah Jahan embodied his wealth and all his love for Mumtaz to create the promised monument.

Shah Jahan, until the end of his days, looked at his excellent creation, but not as a ruler, but as a prisoner. He was imprisoned in the Red Fort Prison in Agra, his own son Aurangzeb, who in 1658 captured the throne. The only consolation for the former emperor was the opportunity to see the Taj Mahal window. And before dying, in 1666, Shah Jahan asked to fulfill his last desire: to take it to the window overlooking the Taj Mahal, where he was the last time he whispered his beloved.

Mumtaz married May 10, 1612 after five years of engagement. This date for a couple has chosen court astrologers, claiming that this is the most favorable day for marriage. And they were right, the marriage turned out to be happy and for Shaha Jahan and for Mumtaz Mahal. Last time, all poets praised the extraordinary beauty, harness and limitless mercy of Mamtaz Mahal.

Traveling with Shah Jahan throughout the Empire of the Great Mughal, she became a reliable companion of life. Only war could separate them, but in the future, even the war could not divide them. Mumtaz Mahal became a support and consolation for the emperor, as well as a rigorous satellite of her husband until his death.

For 19 years of his marriage, Mumtaz gave birth to the emperor of 14 children, but the latter became the fatal. Mumtaz dies during childbirth, and her body is temporarily buried in Burkhanpur.

The chronicler of the Imperial Court is extremely much attention to the experiences of Shah Jahan in connection with the death of his wife. The emperor was so luckless that after the death of Mumtaz, spent a whole year in solitude. When he came to himself, he was no longer like the old emperor. His hair was gray, the back bent and fell face. For several years he did not listen to music, stopped wearing richly decorated with clothes and decorations, as well as use perfume.

Shah Jahan died on an incident eight years since the seizure of the son of Aurangzeb's throne. "My father experienced a great attachment to my mother, so let his last refinement be next to her," said Aurangzeb and ordered the father to be buried next to Mumtaz Mahal.

There is a legend in which Shah Jahan was going to build an exact copy of Taj Mahal on the other side of the Yamuna River, but already from black marble. But these plans were not destined to turn into life.

Construction Taj Mahal

The construction of Taj Mahala began in December 1631. It was the fulfillment of the promise of Shah Jakhan given Mumtaz Mahal in the last minutes of her life that he would build a monument that could correspond to her beauty. The construction of the Central Mausoleum was completed in 1648, and the entire complex was completed in 1653, five years later.

No one knows who owns the planning of the Taj Mahal. Previously, in the Islamic world, the construction of buildings were not attributed to the architect, but the customer of construction. Based on multiple sources, it can be argued that the architects team worked on the project.

Just like many other great monuments, Taj Mahal is a bright testimony of the excessive wealth of his creator. For 22 years, 20,000 people worked for the fantasy of Shah Jakhan. Sculptors came from Bukhara, calligraphers from Persia and Syria, the inlay was made by masters from South India, Kamnetsee arrived from Beloohistan, and the materials were brought from all over Central Asia and India.

Architecture Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal consists of the following buildings:

• Main Login (Darwaza)
• Mausoleum (Rauza)
• Gardens (Bageecha)
• Masjid
• Guest House (Naqqar Khana)

Mausoleum surround the guest house on the one hand, and with another mosque. The building from white marble is surrounded by four minarets that are tilted into the outer side so that when destroying does not damage the central dome. The complex stands on the territory of the garden with a huge pool, which reflects a copy of the beauty of the Taj Mahala.

Garden Taj Mahala

Taj Mahal surrounds a beautiful garden. For Islamic style, the garden is not just part of the complex. The followers of Mukhamed lived on huge arid lands, so this garden, an obdicted wall, personified heaven on Earth. The territory of the garden occupies most of the complex 300x300 m, with the entire area of \u200b\u200b300x580 m.

Since in Islam, the figure 4 is considered a holy number, the entire structure of the garden Taj Mahala is based on the figure 4 and its multiple. Central reservoir and channels divide the garden to 4 equal parts. In each of these parts there is 16 beds, which are separated by pedestrian paths.

Trees in the garden or fruit, which denote life, or a family of cypressov, who denote death. Taj Mahal himself is not located in the center of the garden, but in the North Territory. And in the center of the garden is an artificial reservoir reflecting in his waters of the mausoleum.

History Taj Mahal after construction

Somewhere by the mid-19th century, the Taj Mahal turned into a place for a pleasant stay. The girls danced on the terrace, guest house with a mosque surrendered for wedding ceremonies. The British and Hindus plundered the semi-precious stones, tapestries, rich carpets and silver doors, once adorned this mausoleum. Many holidaymakers took a hammer with them, in order to make it more convenient to extract pieces of carneal and agate from stone colors.

For some time it seemed in general that the Taj Mahal could disappear as the Mongols themselves. Indian Governor General William Bentink in 1830 was going to dismantle the monument, and his marble to sell. It is said that the destruction of the mausoleum prevented only the absence of buyers.

Even more Taj Mahal suffered during the time of the Indian uprising in 1857, and at the end of the 19th century he fell completely to decline. The graves were desecrated by vandals, and the territory completely overgrown without care.

The decline lasted for many years until Lord Kenzon (Governor-General India) did not organize a large-scale project of the monument restoration, which ended in 1908. The building was completely renovated, and the garden and channels were restored. All this helped to return the Taj Mahalu to his former glory.

Many scolding the British for a bad attitude to the Taj Mahal, but the Indians were not better to him. As the population of Agrrew increased, the construction began to suffer from the pollution of the ambient with acid rain, which blew his white marble. The future of the monument was threatened, while in the late 1990s, the Supreme Court of India did not rule out all the particularly dangerous harmful proceedings behind the city.

Taj Mahal is the best sample of Mongolian architecture. It combines elements of Islamic, Persian and Indian architectural schools. In 1983, the monument was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and was named "Pearl of all Muslim art in India and a masterpiece of the world heritage causing universal admiration."

Taj Mahal became for tourists with a symbol of India, which annually attracts about 2.5 million travelers. It is considered one of the most recognizable structures in the world, and the story of its construction gives the right to consider it the greatest monument of love ever built in the world.