All islands on a physical map. Atolls on the equator

Or an island, while others are surrounded by water. It is often difficult to determine the exact boundaries and area of ​​this geographic site... Distinguish between detached, annexed and accumulative peninsulas. This article provides a list of the ten largest peninsulas in the world with brief description and location on the map.

10. Taimyr

The area is 400,000 km². The peninsula is located in the north of the central part of Siberia, between the estuaries of the Yenisei and Khatanga. Located in the Arctic Circle, Taimyr is characterized by a harsh climate. Winter lasts 8 months. The landscape is represented by and. Rocky lands with lichens and bushes give way to cedar forests. Reindeer, musk ox, arctic fox, and sable live in Taimyr. Walrus rookeries are arranged on the coasts. Internal and external reservoirs are rich in fish. The territory of the peninsula belongs to Russia.

9. Balkan Peninsula

The area is 505,000 km². The peninsula is in the south. Here dominates mountainous relief, the climate is humid and cool. Pine and oak forests grow in the south, the north is represented by deciduous forests. Animal world diverse, it has many representatives, and. Mammals include wild boar, roe deer, deer, and bear. The peninsula is shared by 13 countries, including Greece, Serbia and Bulgaria.

8. Iberian Peninsula

Area 582,000 km². The territory is located in the southwest of Europe, it is washed by the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Thanks to the Pyrenees, the climate in different parts of the peninsula has its own characteristics. Peat bogs and deciduous forests dominate in the north and west. To the south, the flora takes on a Mediterranean character. Groves of cork oak and dwarf palm grow here. In the interior, the landscape resembles a semi-desert. There are 25 bird species. There are many reptiles and, few have survived. You can meet deer, wild boars, mountain goats, bears. The lands of the peninsula belong to Spain, France, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar.

7.Somalia

The area is 750,000 km². The peninsula is located in the northeast. This area has an arid climate. Summer rates are + 34˚C, which is why the flora is not very diverse. Tropical forests grow along the banks of water bodies. The rest of the land is covered with grass and shrubs. The animal world is multifaceted, but some species are on the verge of extinction. Crocodiles, hyenas, lions, buffaloes live here. The peninsula belongs to the Federal Republic of Somalia and Ethiopia.

6. Asia Minor

The area is 756,000 km². The land lies to the west. It is washed by the Black, Aegean, Marmara and Mediterranean seas. Most of the territory is occupied by mountains and plateaus. Climate, January temperatures average + 10˚C. Evergreen and deciduous forests grow on the mountain slopes, which turn into the zone of alpine meadows. The fauna is rich in reptiles, birds and fish. The peninsula belongs to Turkey.

5. Scandinavian Peninsula

The area is approximately 800,000 km². The territory is located in the northwestern part of Europe. The north and west of the peninsula are famous for their fjords, which form many islands and archipelagos. In the south and east there are dangerous underwater rocks. The climate is mostly temperate. Almost half of the territory is covered by forests. There are coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests. The fauna is represented by deer, elk, foxes and hares. There are bird colonies on the coasts. Sea waters are rich in fish. Norway, Sweden and Finland are located on the peninsula.

4. Labrador

The area is 1.4 million km². The lands are located in the east of Canada. On one side it is surrounded Atlantic Ocean, and on the other - several bays. To the east are rising mountain ranges... The climate is cool, the average summer temperatures do not exceed + 18˚C. Most of the territory lies in the forest-tundra zone. Vegetable world represented by fir, larch, white spruce. Martens, foxes and muskrats live in Labrador. The peninsula belongs to Canada.

3. Hindustan

The area is over 2 million km². The territory is located in the southern part of Asia. Hindustan lies in the equatorial monsoon belt. During the summer, 90% of the annual rainfall falls. The hinterland, closed by mountains, has a dry climate. The flora is alternating with light forests. On the banks of the rivers is observed. Most of the tropical forests have been cleared, and the area is occupied by plantations. There are many representatives in Hindustan: tigers, spotted leopards. Amphibians, birds and reptiles are widespread. The lands of the peninsula are divided by India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.

2. Indochina

The area is about 2.4 million km². The peninsula is located in the southeast of Asia, between the water basins of the Pacific and Indian. The relief of the territory is diverse: mountainous areas give way to plateaus and lowlands. Indochina is located in the climatic zone. Tropical forests coexist with mangroves, but most of the natural vegetation has been supplanted by cultivated plants. From animals there are monkeys, tigers, rhinos, wild cats. Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Cambodia are located in Indochina.

1. Arabian Peninsula

The area is about 3.25 million km². The peninsula is located in the southwest of Asia. Influenced by the continental tropical air, the peninsula has low rainfall all year round. The relief is represented by deserts, lowlands, plateaus and mountain ranges... There are no permanent bodies of water here. The main plant crops are the date palm and the coffee tree. Savannah vegetation appears on the slopes of the mountains. The fauna is similar to the fauna of the neighboring regions of Europe and Africa. Here you can meet jackals, antelopes, gazelles, fenechs, leopards. The world of reptiles is diverse. Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, UAE, Yemen, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia are located on the Arabian Peninsula.

If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl + Enter.

Last revised: July 2017

Many people think that vacationing on the islands is a heavenly vacation. And they are not wrong. Probably, paradise was in some such place, and not at all in heaven. Our list of wonderful islands in the world, of course, is not exhaustive, since for a description of all, all, all beautiful and interesting places life would not be enough. We have compiled a selection of the most popular islands among tourists, which are definitely worth your attention.

Madeira

Country: Portugal

This is an entire archipelago with extremely beautiful nature: endemic birds chirping in dense forests, rocks against which sea waves break ... And all this borders on stunningly cozy European buildings and European tourist services.

Majorca

Country: Spain

This is one of the most environmentally friendly resorts Mediterranean Sea... Plus, it's always very affordable. The mild maritime climate allows you to relax here all year round. Mallorca has history and beautiful architecture intertwined with interesting forests for tourists, and the coast offers spectacular views and excellent beaches.

Canary Islands
Location: Atlantic Ocean
Country: Spain

The Canary archipelago is a place where the maximum number of attractions is concentrated in relatively small spaces. And what! The archipelago's symbol is the Teide volcano with its ever-snow-capped peak, which looks almost the same both in winter and in summer. And what are the Maspalomas dunes, which border the ocean! And tourists love the Canary Islands because they are islands of eternal spring: it is never too cold or hot here.

Cape Verde
Location: Atlantic Ocean
Country: Cape Verde

Experienced tourists believe: the islands of Cape Verde are good because the tourism industry here has not yet been put on stream, and therefore the attitude towards tourists is very reverent. In addition, these islands are somewhat reminiscent of the Canary Islands. Here you can visit and uninhabited islands, and see black dunes, and volcano craters, on the slopes of which are grown grapes.

Zanzibar
Location: Indian Ocean
Country: Tanzania

Zanzibar is a real African island exotic, complete tranquility and unity with nature in the midst of snow-white sandy beaches made of powdered sugar, snorkeling to coral reefs, a trip to the giant tame turtles, flying dogs and baobabs.

Madagascar
Location: Indian Ocean
Country: Republic of Madagascar

Speaking of traveling to Madagascar, it is worth mentioning the exceptionally exotic nature. This piece of land once broke away from a huge continent - and as a result, evolution went its own way here. Local animals are completely different from others, mostly endemic. Also, the tourist attraction of the island is the giant baobabs, shrouded in the fog typical of these places. A truly spectacular sight for true travel connoisseurs.

Maldives
Location: Indian Ocean
Country: Republic of Maldives

The Maldives is a luxurious bliss, complete relaxation, ubiquitous music and refusal from alcohol. All this state is complemented by tourist lodges, unusually standing in the crystal clear turquoise waters of the ocean.

Sri Lanka
Location: Indian Ocean
Country: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon)

It is here that you can go on a river safari in the middle of huge mangroves with snakes hanging from, as well as climb Adam's Peak - a huge sacred mountain... And be sure to try for yourself what real Ayurvedic practices are.

Samui
Location: Gulf of Thailand
Country: Thailand

This is an island for those who love bliss and exoticism. South-East Asia... Here you can ride elephants, see Buddhist temples, swim in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Thailand, bask on the hot sand, watch snake shows and taste delicious exotic food.

Phuket
Location: Indian Ocean
Country: Thailand

Phuket is a resort for the wealthy. Here along coastline lined up numerous bungalows. And the symbol of this island is huge rocks growing directly from the waters of the ocean. Also, all the same exoticism that the island of Koh Samui offers is available here.

Koh Chang
Location: Gulf of Thailand
Country: Thailand

Ko Chang (Elephant Island) is located near the coast of Thailand and is one of the most accessible islands for travelers - both in terms of price and transport. In Ko Chang, you will see stunning sunsets, and you can also climb mountains covered with dense jungle. In addition, there is an absolutely stunning elephant nursery here, where you can ride elephants among the banana thickets, and also order swimming with elephants in the sea.

Samet
Location: Gulf of Thailand
Country: Thailand

In terms of accessibility, it is even easier than Ko Chang, the island offers quite budget vacation... It is very small, but there are secluded places here, in connection with which Samet was chosen by Europeans. The hotels offer accommodation mainly in bungalows facing the beach.

Bali
Location: Indian Ocean, Bali Sea, Pacific Ocean
Country: Indonesia

Bali is a very exotic place, saturated with humid fogs, stormy sea waters, Buddhist symbols with elements of animism. Bali also has very tasty cuisine and interesting traditions. A real traveler should visit Bali at least once in his life.

Borneo
Location: South China Sea and other seas
Country: Malaysia, Indonesia

The highlight of Borneo is its virginity and endemic plants and animals. So, for example, here you will meet monkeys with noses, or you will see a corpse lily in the jungle, which emits a terrible smell, but at the same time is very beautiful, and you can also get acquainted with predatory flowers that can slam their mouths.

Komodo islands
Location: Indian Ocean
Country: Indonesia

The Komodo Islands are symbolized by monitor lizards, which are one of the most ancient animals on Earth. They look very touching, but do not put a finger in their mouth - the monitor lizard is very predatory, and does not mind eating even a man.

Djerba
Location: Mediterranean Sea
Country: Tunisia

The island of Djerba is one of the most expensive resorts in Tunisia, but Tunisia itself is inexpensive, so you won't spend too much money on Djerba. There is a lagoon in which they live pink flamingos: when there are many of them, it is simply amazing to see.

Fiji
Location: Pacific Ocean
Country: Republic of Fiji

Fiji is famous for exploring rainforests, swimming in the purest waters ocean, watch the life of geckos and iguanas, plunge into the unique ethnic flavor of this island forgotten by our people.

Bora Bora
Location: Pacific Ocean
Country: French Polynesia

If we talk about the most beautiful sea and beach vacation, then it is simply impossible not to remember Bora Bora. Here is one of the most interesting underwater worlds on the planet, which are accessible by a snorkeler. Walking in thickets of orchids and ferns, swimming in grottoes and lagoons, exploring stingrays - all this will give you the island of Bora Bora.

Dominican Republic

Country: Dominican Republic

Palm trees leaning over secluded beaches, the purest Caribbean Sea, the colonial capital of Santo Domingo, luxurious Punta Cana and Puerto Plata. Over the past years Dominican Republic, thanks to its mild warm climate, rich cultural and historical heritage and excellent hotel infrastructure, is gradually gaining the title of a world famous tourist center.

Vanuatu
Location: Pacific Ocean
Country: Republic of Vanuatu

The islands of Vanuatu are pristine places in the volcanic mountains, where local tribes live, not knowledgeable civilizations... If you want something really unusual, then this is the place for you. It is after such a trip that you can boast of your trip even among sophisticated travelers!

Hawaii
Location: Pacific Ocean
Country: USA

If you really want to give yourself the greatest joy in life - rest in the present heavenly place where the beach, the tropics and the sea make you forget from the daily hustle and bustle, then you will certainly go to Hawaii. The entire island chain is made up of volcanoes. It's Diamond Head on Oahu, Kilauea's fire breathing National park Hawaiian Volcanoes (Big Island of Hawaii), where you may see red-hot lava for the first time in your life. Maui is famous for the beauty of the dormant crater of the Haleakala volcano.

Bahamas
Location: Atlantic Ocean
Country: Bahamas

George Washington called them the islands of the eternal June. And you, if you tell someone that you are going to the Bahamas, you will definitely see an envious reaction, because this vacation is not for everyone, but only for the elite. For those who truly appreciate natural attractions and believe in mysticism. What is Bimini Road worth? The American fortuneteller Edgar Cayce called it the lost Atlantis. And after that, in the sea, off the coast of Paradise Point in North Bimini, 700 meters of neatly laid limestone blocks were discovered, which are called Bimini Road. Obviously, this is not a natural, but a man-made monument. But who built it?

Marieta island
Location: Pacific Ocean
Country: Mexico

The highlight of the island of Marieta is the unusual beach, which is called hidden. It is located inside a huge rock cavity, into which sea water is poured.

Seychelles
Location: Indian Ocean
Country: Republic of Seychelles

Seychelles is a resort for the very wealthy. In addition to first-class rest, the islands also offer acquaintance with Seychelles turtles, viewing the famous sloping rocks falling into the ocean, and also be sure to buy the huge coconuts known to the whole world.

Mauritius
Location: Indian Ocean
Country: Republic of Mauritius

Mauritius is a civilized exotic and the best hotels in the Indian Ocean. These are gorgeous beaches framed by palm trees. This is a glamorous getaway for the elite. If you are in Mauritius, you do not need to prove anything to anyone. The very fact that you are there speaks for itself.

Cuba
Location: Caribbean
Country: Republic of Cuba

it Island state with incredibly beautiful landscapes, beaches and attractions! However, of course, tourists are interested in the special culture of this country, which seemed to hang in the last century, as well as the world famous Cuban cigars, Cuban dances and Cuban rum.

Jamaica
Location: Caribbean
Country: Jamaica

Few tourists know, but Jamaica is famous for its nudist and swing hotels. Jamaica also gave the world such a direction of music and art, as well as a philosophy of life, like reggae. Jamaica is literally imbued with the spirit of measuredness and freedom. It is also famous for its glittering carnivals and other fun festivals.

Malta
Location: Mediterranean Sea
Country: Republic of Malta

Malta is one of the most beautiful archipelagos and, at the same time, financially accessible to a large mass of tourists. This is an island offering European service, island with rich history. Beach vacation here it is good, and among the excursions, walking is preferable, since the places are very beautiful.

Cyprus
Location: Mediterranean Sea
Country: Republic of Cyprus

Cyprus is a wonderful island of sea and sun. Cyprus is the birthplace of Aphrodite. Cyprus is a tidbit that has passed from hand to hand throughout its history, remaining on the periphery of various empires. Cyprus is a place to fall in love with at first sight ...

Sardinia
Location: Mediterranean Sea
Country: Italy

NS that Italian island offers tourists a mild climate, interesting story and delicious Mediterranean cuisine. Here you will plunge into blue sea waters, dive to sunken ships, visit Neptune's cave and taste excellent nutmeg wine.

Crete
Location: Mediterranean Sea
Country: Greece

Crete is rightfully considered one of the paradise islands the world. Beautiful landscapes are intertwined here, and ancient history and the rich cultural traditions... In addition, Crete is located at a relatively short distance from us, which means that in terms of money it is much more affordable than other heavenly places.

Easter Island
Location: Pacific Ocean
Country: Chile

The symbols of Easter Island are idols that settled here hundreds of years ago and were created by people from an extinct civilization. Why this civilization died out - we do not know. But to this day, Easter Island is saturated with her spirit. A tourist will find here, in addition to the historical part of the journey, there are also many purely physical pleasures, such as taking a natural bath among stones with warm water from a natural source - overlooking the ocean in front of your eyes and a glass of champagne in hand.

Galapagos Islands
Location: Pacific Ocean
Country: Ecuador

The Galapagos Islands are the pinnacle of a traveler's dreams. They are located very far away, so, having been here, you can confidently say that you have seen the end of the world. And at the end of the world, at the same time, people live a fairly measured life, sharing the islands with fur seals, to see which is the goal of absolutely all tourists arriving here.

Do you know how many times the largest island in Russia is smaller than the big island the world? Read the post and find out.

No. 10. Ellesmere (Canada) - 196,236 km2

Ellesmere is the most north island Canada is one of the ten largest islands in terms of area in the world. Due to the harsh climate, the population of the island is about 150 people.

On the territory of Ellesmere, the remains of prehistoric animals have been repeatedly found. The first settlers were nomads from Siberia. In 1250, the Tule people, the ancestors of the Eskimos, settled on the territory. But by the middle of the 18th century, the island had become deserted.

The island was discovered in 1616 by the English navigator William Buffin.

No. 9. Victoria (Canada) - 217,291 km2

Victoria Island (Canada) is in ninth place in terms of area. The island was discovered in 1838 during the expedition of the British explorer Thomas Simpson.

In the 50s of the 20th century, there were several settlements on the island where meteorologists lived. By the end of the 20th century, the population has increased, and the Eskimo settlers who have taken up fishing activities here will notice.

No. 8. Honshu (Japan) - 227,970 km2

Honshu is the largest island in the Japanese archipelago and ranks 8th in the ranking of the largest islands in the world. Honshu Island has the largest Japanese cities: Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Kyoto, Hiroshima, etc.

The island is covered with many volcanoes, some of them are active. The population of the island is more than 103 million people.

No. 7. Great Britain (Great Britain) - 229 848 km2

The UK is ranked 7th on the list of the largest islands in the world and is the largest island in the British Isles and in Europe as a whole.

The beginning of the history of Great Britain is considered the period of the Roman conquest in 43 BC, but the island had more early history.

Great Britain was inhabited by the people of Noto several hundred thousand years ago. Modern man has arrived at British Isles before the beginning of the last ice age, but retreated in Southern Europe because of the glaciers that cover the island. According to archaeological finds, after 12,000 BC. NS. The British Isles were re-populated. About 4000 BC NS. the island was inhabited by people of the Neolithic culture.

Today, the population of the island of Great Britain is more than 61 million people, which makes it the most populous region in Europe.

No. 6. Sumatra (Indonesia) - 443,066 km2

Sumatra is the sixth largest island in the world. It is located in two hemispheres at once, since the Equator passes almost in the middle of the island. The island belongs to Indonesia and is part of the Malay Archipelago. It is located in a zone of frequent earthquakes and tsunamis.

Today the population of the island of Sumatra is more than 50 million people. The main cities of Sumatra are Medan, Palembang, Padang. People of many nationalities live in Sumatra, about 90% are Muslims.

About 73 thousand years ago, an explosion of the Toba volcano occurred on the island of Sumatra. This event led to an 1800 years ice age and a decline in the human population to 2000 people.

The name of the island comes from the Sanskrit word samudra - "ocean" or "sea".

No. 5. Baffin's Land (Canada) - 507 451 km2

Baffin's Land is the first in area among the islands of Canada and the fifth in the world. Due to the harsh climatic conditions of the island, the population is about 11 thousand people. The largest locality islands - Iqaluit.

The first description of the island was made by William Buffin in 1616, and the island was named after him.

No. 4. Madagascar (Madagascar) - 587 713 km2

The fourth line of the rating is occupied by the island of Madagascar. Located in Indian Ocean at east coast Africa. The island is home to the state of Madagascar (the capital of Antananarivo). Today the population of the island of Madagascar is more than 24 million people.

Locals call Madagascar the red island because of the color of the soil. More than half of the animals that live in Madagascar cannot be found on the mainland, and 90% of the plants are endemic.

No. 3. Kalimantan (Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei) - 748,168 km2

Kalimantan or Borneo is the third largest island in the world. It is divided between 3 states: Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. The island is located in the center of the Malay Archipelago.
Kalimantan means diamond river in the local language. It was named so because of its rich resources, in particular, a large number of diamonds.

The first people settled Kalimantan about 40 thousand years ago. Today the population of the island is about 20 million people. More than 300 ethnic groups live on the island.

№2. New Guinea(Indonesia, Papua New Guinea) - 785 753 km2

There are still places in New Guinea where people have not been. This place attracts researchers of flora and fauna, as they can meet the rarest species of animals and plants here. More than 11 thousand species of plants, 600 unique species of birds, over 400 species of amphibians, 455 species of butterflies and about a hundred known species of mammals live here.

New Guinea bala was inhabited by humans at least 45 thousand years BC. NS. from Asia. More than a thousand Papuan-Melanesian tribes originated from the first settlers. The lack of large animals suitable for domestication on the island hindered the development of agriculture and made cattle breeding impossible. This contributed to the preservation of the primitive communal system in large areas of New Guinea up to the present day. The mountainous landscape contributed to the isolation of people from each other, as a result of which a huge variety of languages ​​appeared on the island.

The pioneer of New Guinea was the Portuguese Don Jorge di Menezes, who landed on the island in 1526. According to legend, he gave the island the name "Papua", which translates as curly, this is due to the curly hair of the local aborigines.

Today the population of the island of New Guinea is more than 9.5 million people.
On the territory of New Guinea is the ancient agricultural settlement of Cook, showing the isolated development of agriculture for 7-10 millennia and is included in the List World heritage UNESCO.

# 1. Greenland (Denmark) - 2,130,800 km2

The largest island in the world is Greenland. The green country, as this island is also called, belongs to Denmark. Due to the glacial cover (84% of the surface) and unfavorable climatic conditions, most of the island is not inhabited. Today the population of Greenland is more than 57 thousand people. The largest settlement on the island is Nuuk (Gothob).

Several thousand years before the arrival of Europeans, the Greenlandic Eskimos, who call themselves Inuit, lived on the island. Inuit have adapted extreme conditions arctic climate and feel quite comfortable. From time immemorial they have been fishing and hunting.

Of the Europeans, the first to enter the island was the Norman Gunbjorn in 875. In 982, Eric Raudi settled on the island with several comrades, exiled from Iceland for his crimes. Later they were joined by the Norse Vikings. In 983, the first Norman colony was founded in Greenland.

After the settlement of Greenland by Europeans, the island was repeatedly passed from hand to hand. Until 1536, the island belonged to Norway, then it began to belong to Denmark, in accordance with the union between Denmark and Norway. In 1721, a Danish colony called Gothob was officially established on the island. In 1814, after the dissolution of the union between Norway and Denmark, Greenland became completely Danish possession.

The main activity of the population of Greenland is fishing. But at the end of the 20th century, breeding appeared reindeer and sheep and oil extraction. Tourism and air transport play an important role. More than 20 thousand tourists visit Greenland annually.

The largest island in Russia (Sakhalin) is 27 times smaller than the largest island in the world (Greenland).

The largest islands of Russia:
Sakhalin - 76,600 km2
Northern - 48904 km2
Yuzhny - 33275 km2
Boiler house - 23,200 km2
October Revolution - 13708 km2

About 79% of the entire island's land is accounted for by 28 large islands, of which the largest is.

Islands can be arranged singly or in groups. A group of islands lying at a short distance from each other and having a common underwater base is called archipelago ... An example of an archipelago is the Sunda Islands, the Kuril, Aleutian, Japanese, Philippine, Greater and Lesser Antilles, and the Canadian Arctic archipelago. The origins of the islands are different. Islands in the ocean by origin are divided into the following groups:

• mainland islands ... These are separated parts of the mainland, similar to it in and. The mainland islands include the British Isles, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Part mainland islands is a continuation of the mountain folds of the mainland. So, - one of the folds of the Far Eastern mountainous country; - continuation Ural mountains; - Australian Alps.
• volcanic islands . These are islands formed from the surface of the water. Many islands of volcanic origin were formed by the spreading of lava. Volcanic islands are found in all but oceans. Most large island volcanic origin - Iceland. This group also includes the Hawaiian Islands, Ascension Island.
• coral islands . The typical form of the islands of this group is the atoll (Maldivian - atoll). It is a ring-shaped island in the form of a narrow ridge, solid or broken, surrounding a well-heated lagoon. The atoll is formed by the calcareous skeletons of marine animals - coral polyps. They mine from sea ​​water lime and form straight vertical columns or coral thickets similar to dense bushes. These tiny animals live shallow, as they love a well-warmed clear water- either off the coast or on the top of seamounts. Having lived for a short time, coral polyps die, and on the empty houses - calcareous skeletons - new polyps build their new thickets. Under the weight of the upper buildings, the lower ones are compressed, forming a solid foundation. It will take a long time, and on this foundation there are chains of coral rocks - reefs ... If the coral structures were erected along the edges of the circular crater of an underwater volcano, then an island is formed that has the shape of a ring with a lagoon in the middle, in which the ocean water that flows here during high tides has a surprisingly clear, azure color. Most often, coral islands are found in warm waters and, their size is from 2 km to 90 km in diameter.

On rivers, islands are most often formed in the channel and estuary, since they are formed by sediments carried by the river. In the lower reaches of the rivers, the speed of the watercourse is less, therefore, the deposition of suspended material occurs here. Sometimes there are floodplain islands, which were formed as a result of erosional separation of the floodplain of the river by branches.

The part of the mainland or island that goes deep into the sea, ocean or lake is called. It is surrounded by water on three sides, and on the fourth side it connects to land. The most large peninsula on Earth is. By their origin, the peninsulas are of three types:

• severed peninsulas . They represent the continuation of the land in geological terms. For example, the Apennine Peninsula.
• affiliated peninsulas . These peninsulas are not geologically connected to the mainland. For example, it is a fragment of the ancient mainland of Gondwana, which later joined.
• accumulative peninsulas . They are most often formed in rivers and lakes by creating a lacustrine and river sediment dam that connects the shore to the island.
  For example, the Budagi peninsula in.

The narrow end of a peninsula or a small protrusion of land (peninsula, island, mainland coast) is called cape.