Switzerland. Plant world Switzerland

The Swiss Confederation is a state in Central Europe. By state Device - federal Republic. Country Area 41.3 thousand square meters. km. In the north she borders with Germany, in the West - with France, in the south - with Italy, in the East - with Austria and Liechtenstein. The northern border partially passes through the Lake Bodeno and Rhine, which begins in the center of the Swiss Alps and forms part of the eastern border. The Western border passes through the mountains of Yura, South - by Italian Alpam and Geneva Lake. The capital of Switzerland is Bern.

Three natural areas are distinguishable in Switzerland: mountain array Yura in the North-West, Swiss Plateau (Plateau) in the center and Alps in the south-east.

Switzerland and France, stretch from Geneva to Basel and Schaffhausen. The Swiss Plateau was formed at the site of the deflection between Yura and Alps, which was filled with loose glacial sediments in the Pleistocene and is currently cut by numerous rivers. There is a concentrated part of the country's old population, located big cities and industrial centers. In the same area, the most fertile agricultural land and pastures are concentrated.

Almost all southern half of Switzerland occupy mountains Alps. Mountains Switzerland High, uneven, snow-covered mountains are dismembered by deep gorges. In the comb zone - fibils and glaciers (10% of the country's territory). high peaks - Peak Dufur (4634 m) in the Montte Rosa massif on the border with Italy, house (4545 m), Weisshorn (4505 m), Matterhorn (4477 m), Grand Combne (4314 m), Finservarhorn (4274 m) and Jungfrau (4158 m).

Climate Switzerland

Switzerland refers to a moderately continental climatic area. But, speaking of the climate of this country, it should be borne in mind that about 60% of its territory is occupied by the mountains, so here you can get from the winter in the summer in two hours. The Alps are a kind of barrier that impede the flow of cold Arctic masses to the south, and warm subtropicals - north. In the northern cantons, winter is soft and lasts about 3 months: from December to February. At this time, the minimum temperature is -1 ...- 4, the maximum +2 ... + 5 degrees. In the summer (from June to august) at night, usually +11 ... + 13 degrees, in daytime air heats up to +22 ... + 25 degrees. Precipitation falls quite a lot throughout the year. Their maximum falls on the summer period (up to 140 mm per month), at least for the period from January to March (a little more than 60 mm per month).

In the south, winter temperatures are almost the same, and summer - above. The average minimum temperature is +13 ... + 16, the average maximum +26 ... + 28. The precipitation in the area falls even more. From March to November, more than 100 mm of precipitation falls here, and from June to August this amount is approaching 200 mm. The least precipitation falls in January and February (about 60 mm).

Statistical indicators of Switzerland
(as of 2012)

The weather in the mountains depends on the height of the terrain. In the highlands in winter snow. Temperature most of the year (from October to May) both at night and the day is negative. In the coldest months (January and February) at night, the temperature decreases to -10 ...- 15, during the day - up to -5 ...- 10. The warmer in July and August (at night 2 ... 7, day 5 ... 10 degrees). Maximum height Snow is observed, as a rule, in early April. At an altitude of 700 meters, he holds 3 months, 1000 meters - 4.5 months, 2500 meters - 10.5 months.

Water system Switzerland

For the most part, Switzerland flows Rhine and his influx of aara. Southwestern regions belong to the Rhone Waterbon Basin, Southern - Ticino and Southeast Basin - to the pool r. Inn (Danube Inflow). Switzerland rivers do not have shipping. On the Rhine shipping is supported only to Basel.

Many lakes, the most picturesque of them are located at the edges of the Swiss Plateau - Geneva, Tun, in the south, Firwaldstessky, Zurich, in the East, Neuncement and Bill in the north. Most of these lakes have a glacial origin: they were formed in the era when large glaciers descended from the mountains to the Swiss plateau. South of the Alps axis in the canton of Ticino are Lake Lugano and Lago Maggiore.

Plant world Switzerland

About 1/4 of the country covered with forests. The composition of forests depends on the height above sea level. In the area of \u200b\u200bSwiss Plateau, the height of 800 m is dominated by broader forests from oak, beech, ash, elm, cock, linden. Above 1000 m from broadcasting remains, mainly beech; Spruce appear, pines, fir. And since the height of 1800 m, the main place is occupied by coniferous forests of ate, fir, pines and larchs. At the largest altitudes (up to 2800 m) there are subalpine and alpine meadows, thickets of Rhododendron, Azalea, Juniper.

Swiss plateau is located in the zone of European large forests. Prevailing breeds - oak and beech, pine is mixed in some places. On the southern slope of the Alps typical chestnut. Coniferous forests, forming a transition belt between broad-sided forests and alpine meadows (at large altitudes), grow higher on the slopes of the mountains. For the Alpine, multilateral spring is typical crocuses and daffodils, summer - rhododendrons, stamps, princes and edelweiss.

Animal world Switzerland

Animal world Strongly depleted. While the snow partridge and hare-white is still quite common, such characteristic animals of the upper tier of mountains, like roe, ground and sulfur, are much less common. Large efforts are being taken on the protection of wild fauna. In Swiss national Parklocated near the border with Austria, they dwell roots and sulfas, less often - Alpine mountain goat and fox; There are also white partridges and several types of predatory birds. There are numerous reservations, reserves.

In the mountains there are foxes, hare, sulna, cunnic, alpine grounding, from birds - degrahar, thrush, haircut, a snowy reel. On the shores of the lakes can be found for chaps, and in the lakes, trout, Golts, Siga, Harius.

From an airplane flying over Switzerland, it seems that there is literally there is no place to land: no plains, everywhere mountains with sparkling snow vertices in the sun; As if the teeth of a huge crest, there are tormented by rocky peaks, in narrow gorges silver the threads of rapid flows. In Switzerland is the most powerful, the most high part Alps - the main mining system of foreign Europe. Mountains occupy the entire central and largely southern and eastern part of the country. Rhone and Rhine Valley share the Swiss Alps into two almost parallel groups of mountain ranges stretching from the southwest to the northeast. To the north of these valleys, the Berne Alps are raised with the tops of Finservarhorn and Jungfrau, exceeding 4 thousand meters, as well as the Fatroldststess Alps and Glarn Alps. To the south of the valleys are the Pennic Alps with Pefour Peak (4634 m) - the highest point Switzerland, the second after Mont Blanca in the top Foreign Europe, and Lepontinian Alps. The highest part of the Alps is composed of crystalline rocks (granites, gneisis) and limestone. Alpine areas are covered with eternal snow and glaciers. The largest of these glaciers and one of the largest in Europe - Alechsky is located in the heart of Bern Alps. It stretches for 27 km, occupying an area of \u200b\u200b115 square meters. km. Bernski Alps and Yura from the Rhine Border with Germany Geneva lake A wavy low (400-600 m) Swiss plograms stretches. The main charm of the landscape here is the large lakes - Zurich, Neuncement, Geneva - and Rounded Green Hills. Swiss plateau is the most populated part of the country. Here are its most important industrial and agricultural districts and the largest cities - Zurich, Basel, Bern, Geneva, Lausanne. Due to the complexity of the relief, climatic conditions of various regions of Switzerland are different. In the Alps, for example, the winter is relatively cold (the temperature is usually lowered to -10 ° -12 °, sometimes up to -20 °), but almost always very sunny. That is why in Davos, Montana, St. Moritz, Zermatt and to other mountain towns have long been flown in the hope of cure patients with tuberculosis. These small towns, keeping their meaning as climatic resorts, more and more become centers of tourism and ski Sport; About, they are often held international sports competitions. Above 2500-3000 m snow does not melt throughout the year. In winter and spring, due to the accumulation of snow on the slopes, snow collaps. In the summer, the rains are frequent in the mountains, fogs. On the Swiss Plateore Winter Soft, average temperature January about -2 °. Snow, as a rule, keeps only a few days. In December and January with the Atlantic blowing strong windsAfter raining, frequent fogs, the sun is almost no, then the case has changed sharply atmospheric pressure. But the summer is warm (the average temperature of July + 18 °), the autumn is long and sunny. Such climate favors agricultural work. On the Swiss Plateau, it has time to grow even grapes. For this area and for the Bases of the Alps are characteristic of the "biza" - gusty, cold and raw winds with the Atlantic, which are interesting (interesting phenomenon of nature!) Without a break, the number of days, multiple of three, - sometimes up to nine days, as well as hair dryers - winds, passing Through the Alps and descending into the Valley of Switzerland are very dry and warm. The mild and warm climate have inland mountain valleys and brands. For example, in the canton of Tessyne, in the so-called Italian Switzerland, on the coast of Lake Lugano and Lago Maggiore, protected by mountains from the cold northern winds, many sunny days, there are no large leaks of temperature and strong seasonal weather fluctuations. Here in the open ground, palm trees, magnolia and other plants of the southern countries are growing. In Tessene, which along with some mountainous areas Call "Solarium Switzerland". The rivers of such a small country, like Switzerland, belong to the pools of the three seas: north, Mediterranean and black. In the Swiss Alps, such major European rivers, like Rhine and Ron begin. Ron is born in the thickness of the Ronegetcher glacier, at an altitude of 2 thousand m. From under the blue and white edge of ice, a river is destroyed from the chaos of huge blocks, which is destined to escape down the entire valley, join the Lake Geneva and, breaking his bluish Water with light gray jet, go away from Geneva in close green gorges from the Swiss land to France. From the Alps, the tributary of the Danube r. Inn, as well as the influx of the P. Ticino. Almost all of the central part of the country crosses the influx of Rhine Ara, at high, whose rippled shores is the city of Bern. Most rivers are stormy, replete with waterfalls and thresholds, because of which are not suitable for shipping, but are sources of energy and serve for the forest alloy. In the future, it is designed to turn Rhine and Ron to transport arteries. In the meantime, ships do not rise over the Rhine above Basel, followed by the thresholds. With the completion of the construction of the Rhine - Min - Danube canal (in Germany), they will be able to reach the Lake Boden's on the Austro-Swiss-West German border. Then the cargoes from the Rhine will turn over to the Danube. Atlantic connects to the Black Sea. There is also a project to connect Rhine (on a plot between Basel and Shafhausen) with Rona, using r. Ara, Neuncertain and Lake Geneva. Pride of Switzerland - it picturesque lakes. The largest of them are Geneva (588 square meters) and Bodenskoye (537 square meters), then Neuchatory, Lago-Maggiore, Firwaldstesskoe (Lake Four Cantons), Zurich, Lugano. Some lakes are very deep: the depth of Lago Maggiore is 372 m, and Geneva-310 m. Because of the high depth and transparency of the lake water have blue or blue. The origin of them is mainly tech-tonic-glacial. The shores are bordered by wooded hills or rocky mountains, whose slopes are broken directly into the water. Large lakes are not only the places of pilgrimage of tourists, they play a role in shipping, especially passenger. Sometime, Swiss lakes were very rich in fish, but all increasing poisoning by their industrial waste quickly reduces natural resources. The question of the protection of the lakes and in general the whole environment from pollution is very acute in Switzerland. However, to force the owners of factories and factories to thoroughly clean the discharged industrial waters and install reliable filters on flue pipes cannot be installed. In recent decades, more than three dozen artificial lakes appeared on the country's map - this is a hydroelectric power plant reservoir. The largest of them is Grand Dixance in the Penni Alps. Back in the XVIII century. Switzerland covered the dense forests, where he abundant bears, wolves, deer, wild boars. Currently, the forests are severely cut down and occupy about% of the country's territory, but they are the most productive in overseas Europe. On the Swiss plateau there are only individual groves and parks in the estates. On the slopes of the forests of the forest preserved better, especially in the eastern and southern parts of the country. In the east of Switzerland, in the canton of graubyunden, on the Rivers Inn and Landquart, created National Reserve where the vegetable and animal world carefully guarded. Only in this reserve or in hard-to-reach mountain areas, you can still meet brown bears, mountain goats, suln, foxes, hares. On the plateore and on the slopes of the Alps and Yura to the height of 800 m, cultural plantings, crops of grain, forage herbs, fruit gardens, vineyards, hop plantations, gardens are dominated. At an altitude of 800 to 2000 m, forests stretch, first deciduous - beech and oak, then coniferous - cedar, spruce, pine. Above the borders of the forest are highly harvested subalpine meadows, alpine, covered with low-handed shrubs and low grassy plants, including a lot of blooming, such as Saldannelles, primroses; On steep slopes, you can sometimes see the edelweiss - "unofficial" symbol of Switzerland. Switzerland soils do not differ fertility. For processing, only the brown forest soils of the Swiss platea and the lower parts of the slopes of the mountains are suitable, as well as alluvial, occupying very small areas according to the valleys of rivers. In addition, on the mountain slopes, the collaps and landslides that demolve the soil layer or falling asleep-processed stones. High (23.6 share of lands, completely unsuitable for agriculture, such as rocks, glaciers. And only 6.5% of the country's area are suitable for the cultivation of grain and garden crops. In some areas, such as the Valley Valley, important Agricultural Territory, soil fertility strongly depends on irrigation. There is not enough water here, and the peasants have to build wooden or stone trays - "bisers", by which water goes from high mountain areas, glacial lakes and rivers on the fields and gardens. Fate, so generously rewarded Switzerland with amazing beauty of nature and generally a fertile climate, clearly sentenced her minerals. In the "Underground Store" there are only small coal reserves, deposits of iron ores and small fields of graphite, talca and asphalt. In the upper reaches of the Rhône The role is played by the mining of a stone salt, covering the needs of the country. In fairly significant sizes there are raw materials for the construction industry - sand, clay, stone. There is an assumption that there are small deposits of uranium ores in the Alps. Poverty coal and oil forced Swiss to use their exclusively rich hydropower resources. Currently, the overwhelming part of electricity consumed comes from hydrostations. However, hydropower reserves have already been practically exhausted. In this regard, in the late 1960s, the construction of nuclear power plants began. The two stakeholders of the nuclear power plant in NAMPU came into operation (east of the city of Zolled) with a total capacity of 700 thousand kW and a nuclear power plant in Mühlberg (west of Bern) with a capacity of 306 thousand kW. In the process of construction there are still three nuclear power plants.

Switzerland is a country where amazing wonders of nature are concentrated on a small space. On her just over 41 thousand square meters. km, you can see such a number of a wide variety of landscapes and landscapes, which is not found in one other country with the same small area.

General information about the country

Switzerland is the country of the most reliable in the world of banks. This is a country of army knives, chocolate, clock and cheese. But the main thing is that Switzerland is a country having an amazing nature.

We offer to get acquainted with the nature of Switzerland, the most beautiful corners and features of flora and fauna.

Location

There is a state in the heart of Europe. It borders with and Austria in the East, with Germany in the north, with France in the West and in the south with Italy. More than half of the territory occupy the mountains. It's mostly alpine mining system (Central part) with the main four passes: Oberalp, Saint Gottard, Furka and Grimsel. Here are the origins of the Rhine and Rona.

The nature of Switzerland (photos are presented in the article) are great, mainly due to the mountains. The central and southern part of the territory occupy the Alps, in the northwest is the Jura, and in the south - Apennins. The Alps and Jura are separated by hilly stalls with a large number of tectonic lakes. The area of \u200b\u200bglaciers is 2,000 square meters. km. The height of the mountains - an average of 1,700 meters. Mount Monte Rosa, which is the highest peak of Apenne (South Peak Dufur), has a height of 4,634 meters.

Legend of Nature Switzerland

According to one old legend, when the Lord God was distributed by the wealth of the subsoil of the Earth, to the country located in the very center of Europe, they were not enough. In order to correct such injustice, the Lord presented Switzerland high mountains With shining glaciers, stormy waterfalls, picturesque valleys, beautiful rivers and azure lakes. So it turned out unusually beautiful Switzerland. Her landscapes are great in any season and in any weather.

So, wildlife Switzerland. What is she?

Mount Matterhorn

This is the most famous mountain peak of the Alps, located on the border of Switzerland with Italy. Peak has the form of almost the right pyramid. He rises among low hills and plains, and it is this chosen one that gives this mountain such charm.

The height of Matterhorn is 4,478 meters.

The nature of Switzerland is magnificent thanks to a variety of landscapes. This valley travelers call almost the most beautiful and amazing on the whole earth. In fact, it is a deep cleft, which is between high sheer cliffs. Its length is 8,000 meters, and the width is no more than a kilometer. Three beautiful are visible from this place. mountain peaks - Aiger, Men and Jungfrau (translated - cannibal, monk and virgin).

The feature of the valley lies in numerous waterfalls. Yes, and the name of Lauterbrunnen in translation is "many springs". In total there are 72 waterfalls, and they all shake their beauty.

The nature of Switzerland is impossible to submit without this lake. No wonder this country is often referred to as the "country of mountains and lakes". And indeed it is. In addition to the mountains, occupying most of its territory, there are more than 1,500 lakes extraordinary beauty. The largest in the Swiss Alps and the second largest freshwater reservoirs of Central Europe - the Lake Geneva. Local residents Often referred to him by Lehman. It lies in the floodplain r. Rons.

The lake fascinates its amazing pristine beauty and unusual clean water. The Alps are reliably covered with wind from the wind, thanks to which the water surface is almost unshakable, and the peaks of the mountains and all the surrounding nature are clearly reflected in it with houses and medieval castles, comfortably suitable on the mountain slopes. The lake, stretched in the shape of a crescent, is located on the border with France (or rather, the border passes through its center).

Vegetable world

The nature of Switzerland is rich and vegetation. Swiss plateau extends in the zone of the deciduous forests. Oaks and beech are dominated here, sometimes pines are mixed up. For the southern slopes of the Alps typical chestnut. Further, coniferous forests are growing in height, which are a transitional belt between alpine meadows located above, and wide forests.

Many in the mountains of a variety of bright colors. Narcissus and crocuses bloom in spring, edelweissions, rhododendrons, princes and stakes - in the summer.

Animal world

Fauna Unlike Flora is severely depleted due to human economic activities. The most common inhabitants are hareboat and snow partridge. And the animals are characteristic of the top tier, such as the ground, roe, and sulfur, are already much less common.

The border with Austria has a Swiss national Park, in which sulfur and roofing are inhabited, foxes and alpine mountain goats are still less common. Here you can find a white partridge and several varieties of predatory birds.

Finally

It should be noted by one interesting fact. Scientists argue that the Alps of Switzerland are now in the formation process. According to research, the height of the mountains increases every year per millimeter.

Unable to describe all natural sights of this little european state. Rhine Waterfall, Alech Glacier - is not all wonders of the nature of Switzerland.

On the territory of Switzerland, three natural areas are distinguished: the Mountain Array of Yura in the North-West, the Swiss Plateau (Plateau) in the center and the Alps in the south-east.

Mountains of Yura share Switzerland and France, stretch from Geneva to Basel and Schaffhausen.

Swiss plateau was formed at the site of the deflection between Yura and Alps. The surface of the plateau is hilly, in wide valleys of agriculture, interferes are covered with forests. Here lives the harder part of the country's population, large cities and industrial centers are located.

Alps are almost the entire southern half of Switzerland. Picturesque nature Highland Alps attracts many tourists and climbers. The highest peaks are peak Dufur (4634 m) in the Monte Rosa massif on the border with Italy, house (4545 m), Weisshorn (4505 m), Matterhorn (4477 m), Grand Combne (4314 m), Finserhorn (4274 m ) And Jungfrau (4158 m).

The harder part of Switzerland is irrigated by Rhine and his influx of ARA. Switzerland rivers do not have shipping. On the Rhine shipping is supported only to Basel.

Large and small Switzerland lakes are very picturesque. The largest and most famous - Lake Geneva. No less famous of the Fatroldststessky Lake, formed from seven reservoirs. Brirensky and Tun Lake shares irregular Delta Lucin River.

In the north-east of Switzerland, part of the Lake Bodensky. Most lakes have a glacial origin: they were formed in the era, when large glaciers went down from the mountains to the Swiss plateau.

Switzerland expressed climatic differences due to altitude and exposure to the sun and winds. The climate is wet, on the plateau - moderately warm, in the mountains is cold. Daily temperatures in lowlands fluctuate during the year from +10 to + 16 ° C, in the summer they increase to + 27 ° C and more. The hottest month is July, the coldest - January.

The highest tops of the Alps are covered with eternal snow. In winter, the temperature drops below 0 ° C throughout the country, with the exception of the northern shore of the Lake Geneva and the shores of Lake Lugano and Lago Maggiore, some of which is belonging to Italy. The climate is the same soft, as in northern Italy, as the mountains protect against the invasion of cold northern winds.

Switzerland frequent sharp strong winds, accompanied by rains and snowfall. In the spring, summer and autumn, Feno are dominated - warm dry winds, which have become from the east and southeast. Since the streams of wet air from the side Mediterranean Sea Climb up the slopes of the Alps, and then descend to the Swiss plateau, on the southern slopes of precipitation falls almost twice as much as on the northern.

Swiss plateau is located in the zone of European large forests. Prevailing breeds - oak and beech, pine is mixed in some places. On the southern slope of the Alps typical chestnut. Coniferous forests, forming a transition belt between broad-sided forests and alpine meadows (at large altitudes), grow higher on the slopes of the mountains. There are many bright colors in the mountains. In the spring, crocuses and daffodils are blooming, in summer - rhododendrons, stamps, prinels and edelweiss.

Animal world experienced a strong influence economic activity man. While the snow partridge and hare-white is still quite common, such characteristic animals of the upper tier of mountains, like roe, ground and sulfur, are much less common.

In the Swiss National Park, located at the border with Austria, they live roams and sulfas, less often - Alpine mountain goat and fox; There are also white partridges and several types of predatory birds.

Due to topographic features, the central part of the country, located on the Swiss Plateau, is very thick inhabited. High concentration of industry, agriculture, transport and entertainment and sports industry leads to environmental pollution.

Especially the mountains are subject to this. Climate change leads to the increase in flooding and sealer streams, and also negatively affects the tourist industry.

Switzerland has a significant water and resource potential, which is used to ensure the needs of the population, industry, electric power industry, agriculture, shipping, fisheries and recreation.

The law on the protection of water facilities is enshrined in the Constitution of the Swiss Confederation. The Federal Environmental Protection Office (BAFU) is an executive authority that implements public policy in the field of use and environmental protection, including water resources countries.

Switzerland is constantly monitored by water quality. Bafu carries out state monitoring of water resources, which consists of monitoring underground water objects (NAQUA) and monitoring surface water objects (NADUF).

Drinking water, current from Switzerland cranes, is not inferior to bottled quality mineral waterAnd besides it is 500 times cheaper!

About 80% of the water used in Switzerland for drinking purposes and industry comes from underground sources.

As shown by the latest results of national monitoring of underground water objects (Naqua), underground water in most cases contains nitrates, pesticides, herbicides and hydrocarbonates. First of all, this refers to densely populated areas.

The eternal problem is nitrates. The highest content falls on agricultural areas. An increase in the arrival of nitrates into water sources is largely related to the use of organic and mineral fertilizers in agriculture.

Practically natural and unpolluted underground water remains in forest areas, because here the soil is not processed by fertilizers and, accordingly, is not infected with pesticides.

Protection of underground water objects - the task of the long-term perspective. Territorial planning, agriculture, forest management and industry should make a contribution to the problem to solve the quality drinking water It remained still high.

Many rivers of Europe take their beginning in Switzerland. Because of this, the state takes appropriate measures to prevent their pollution.

The most important reservoirs fresh water are lakes. They concentrated more than half of the supply of Switzerland water. Eternal snow and glaciers also play an important role in water use, which account for 26% of all stocks.

In order to improve the quality of water, from the middle of the 20th century there is a construction of wastewater treatment plants and installations for wastewater and industrial water treatment.

The important problem is chemical nutrients, in particular, phosphate additives contained in synthetic detergents. In 1985, phosphate washing powders were prohibited, and the use of phosphate additives was allowed only in the production of dishwashing detergents. Thanks to these measures, it was possible to significantly reduce the phosphate content in the lakes.

The following pollutant are agricultural focus. Organic enriched water contributes to the powerful stimulation of unwanted growth of aqueous vegetation, such as algae, etc. This process reduces water life forms and to the emergence of harmful effects associated with oxygen dissolved in water. First of all, this problem concerns small lakes, but the Geneva and Tsug Lakes are not exceptions.

The subject of special concerns are microclawers, which are difficult to neutralize even with the help of modern wastewater treatment systems. Mainly, they are contained in the spree of pharmaceutical preparations.

In recent years, the number of fish has significantly decreased in Switzerland. This is due to the decrease in their habitat, contamination of inland water bodies and with water temperature fluctuations. Climatic changes also lead to a violation of the equilibrium of freshwater ecosystems.

Water resources are the most important source of raw materials for Switzerland. They are used primarily for energy production. For these purposes on the shores large riversIn particular the Rhine and his tributaries, numerous hydroelectric power plants were built. Today, 2/3 of the country produced in the country of hydropower is produced in the Mountain Cantons of Graubyunden, Ticino, Uri and Valis.

Hydroenergy is a renewable energy source that does not forms harmful emissions into the atmosphere. However, hydraulic structures adversely affect environmentDisrupting the thermal, hydraulic and climatic condition of the area. HPP leads to a decrease in water levels in rivers and prevent the migration of fish and animals.

Currently, electricity producers operating hydropower plants understand the importance of the situation. During the reconstruction of hydraulic structures, measures are taken to preserve the natural environment for the banks of rivers and special fish facilities are built.