European states and their. Map of Europe

Union) significantly increased by the number in recent decades. Until the summer of 2011, this Union was called Western European. List european countries Extensive, but not all countries from this list are included in the European Union.

EU Prerequisites and Creation

Today, this community is quite similar to the Honor of the USSR, and it was formed in 1948 as opposed to the "Eastern Monster". The reason for the creation of a new education is not to give a revive of Germany as an independent one state, preventing the revival of fascism after the end of the war.

A separate conversation could take place about the status of the Federal Republic of Germany in the Lona of the European Union: this is a locomotive that pulls almost the entire community economy. Differences with the Soviet Union from the European, of course, is.

Similarities and differences

There is no single currency. But the federal device has general legislation, you can use a common cash register, a single central bank and customs space. The management is also akin to the planned economy, the Board of Command-Administrative.

For example, all the limits on sowing areas for crops are approved at the top. This applies to each country of the European Union. The list of results is truly depressing.

Greeks on the hot and fertile south are buying Dutch vegetables and are not entitled to trade on the territory of the European Union, an original Greek product - olive oil. The Czech Republic also stopped growing vegetables, but rape ripped, oil from which is added even to diesel fuel. There are almost no good oil in the Czech Republic now. But thus increases profitability among agricultural producers.

Foreign policy

It is solved despicable than economic tasks. A list of European countries that have developed a single and integral foreign policy with an almost complete absence of disagreements can not be, as Brussels are very smoking who to pardon, and whom to execute.

Recent years, truth, show some slip, the crisis of the global economy made the government less bold and friendly. It would be more: the loss of eastern markets due to sanctions against Russia may well lead the least prosperous hosts to complete economic degradation.

Legislation and executive bodies

Here is the most similarity with the Soviet Union: only the parliament has a multi-party basis, but everything else is present: the European Commission as executive agency Headed by the chairman, and the European Council consists of the heads of EU member states. The European Parliament monitors the law (with his chairman) to the Council of the European Union.

Here you have the Politburo with the Central Committee of the CPSU, and the Congresses of the Party with the Supreme Council, and the Secretary General is present, and even the Chairman of the Presidium! But there is no constitution yet.

The boundaries between the countries are conditional, customs points are abolished, the free movement of all citizens within the community. But labor markets are regulated by strict provisions and require permission of authorities to employment. This is practiced by all countries of the European Community. A list of facilities and inconvenience of life in modern Europe can continue endlessly.

The list of European countries is constantly changing. At the moment, Europe has 44 states. Not only the quantity, but also the names. Metamorphosis of recent time: the Soviet Union during the decay gave Europe Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. Yugoslavia in the same circumstances replenished the continent of Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. But the GDR and Germany became one Germany.

This process does not bother. Not only the list of unpleasant consequences of the global crisis is extensive and eloquent. Sillar separatism in Catalonia and in the area where the basks live (this in Spain), in Scotland and Northern Ireland (this is the United Kingdom), Flanders is worried in Belgium. Everyone is trying to recognize Kosovo by a separate state (this is Serbia). The boundaries of the countries of Europe, if putting a number of recent cards, have become unrecognizable. Therefore, the list of European countries with the capitals is quite advisable to be considered temporary.

Austria

Republic. 8.5 million people. Color degrees of Austria - Vienna. Official language German.

Albania

Republic. Population of 2.830 million. The capital of Albania - Tirana. State language Albanian.

Andorra

Principality. Dwarf European state. 700 thousand people of the population. The main city is Andorra La Velia. The state language is Catalan, but in fact it is replaced by Spanish and French.

Belorussia

Republic of Belarus. 9.5 million people. Color degrees of Belarus - Minsk. State languages \u200b\u200bRussian and Belarusian.

Belgium

Kingdom. 11.2 million people. The capital of Belgium - Brussels. State languages \u200b\u200b- Netherlands, German, French.

Bulgaria

Republic. 7.2 million people. Color degrees of Bulgaria - Sofia. Administrative language Bulgarian.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Confederation, Federation, Republic. Population of 3.7 million. The capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo. State Serbian and Croatian.

Vatican

Absolute monarchy, theocracy. A dwarf ambulance, associated with Italy. City in the city, 832 people. Latin, Italian.

Great Britain

United Kingdom, including the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. Parliamentary monarchy. 63.4 million people. The main city of Great Britain - London. English.

Hungary

Parliamentary republic. The population is 9.85 million. - Budapest. Official language Hungarian.

Germany

Federal Republic. Population of 80 million. The main city of Germany is Berlin. Administrative language German.

Greece

Republic. The population is 11.3 million. The capital city of Greece is Athens. State language - Greek.

Denmark

Kingdom. 5.7 million people. Capital City of Denmark - Copenhagen. Public language Danish.

Ireland

Republic. Population of 4.6 million. The capital of Ireland is Dublin. State and English.

Iceland

Parliamentary republic. 322 thousand people. The main city of Iceland is Reykjavik. State Icelandic language.

Spain

Kingdom. Population 47.3 million. The capital of Spain is Madrid. State language Spanish.

Italy

Republic. 60.8 million people. All roads of Italy lead to Rome. Italian state language.

Latvia

Republic. Population of 1.9 million. The capital of Latvia - Riga. State Latvian language.

Lithuania

Republic. 2.9 million people. The main city of Lithuania is Vilnius. State language Lithuanian.

Liechtenstein

Principality. A dwarf state associated with Switzerland. Population of 37 thousand. The capital of Liechtenstein is Vaduz. State language German.

Luxembourg

Great duchy. 550 thousand people. The capital of Luxembourg - Luxembourg. State language Luxembourg, French, German.

Macedonia

Republic. Population of 2 million. Capital of Macedonia - Skopje. State language Macedonian.

Malta

Republic. Population of 452 thousand. The main city of Malta - Valletta. State languages \u200b\u200bMaltese and English.

Moldova

Republic. Capital - Chisinau. 3.5 million people. Administrative language Moldavian.

Monaco

Principality. A dwarf state associated with France. 37.8 thousand people. State language is French.

Netherlands

Kingdom. The population is 16.8 million. The capital of the Netherlands - Amsterdam. State languages \u200b\u200bWestern Africa and Dutch.

Norway

Kingdom. The population is 5.1 million people. The main city of Norway is Oslo. State languages \u200b\u200bNorwegian and Sami.

Poland

Republic. Population of 38.3 million. Color hail of Poland - Warsaw. Public language Polish.

Portugal

Republic. 10.7 million people. The capital of Portugal - Lisbon. Public languages \u200b\u200bPortuguese and Mirandsky.

Russia

Federation. Population of 146.3 million. Solar degrees of Russia - Moscow. National language - Russian.

Romania

Parliamentary republic. Unitary state. 19 million people. The capital of Romania is Bucharest. Administrative

San Marino.

The light republic. Population 32 thousand. Capital San Marino - San Marino. Italian state language.

Serbia

Republic. 7.2 million people. Chief - Belgrade. State language Serbian.

Slovakia

Republic. 5.4 million people. Color hail of Slovakia - Bratislava. State language Slovak.

Slovenia

Republic. Population of 2 million. Color hail of Slovenia - Ljubljana. Slovenian state language.

Ukraine

Unitary state plus parliamentary and presidential republic. Population of 42 million. The main city of Ukraine is Kiev. State language is Ukrainian.

Finland

Republic. 5.5 million people. The capital of Finland is Helsinki. State and Swedish.

France

Republic. Population of 66.2 million. France's main city - Paris. State language is French.

Croatia

Republic. Population of 4.2 million. The capital is Zagreb. Official Croatian language.

Montenegro

Republic. 622 thousand people. Solar degrees of Montenegro - Podgorica. Chernogorsky state language.

Czech Republic

Republic. Population of 10.5 million. Color degrees of Czech Republic - Prague. State language Czech.

Switzerland

Confederation. 8 million people. The capital of Switzerland is Bern. State languages \u200b\u200bGerman, French, Italian, Swiss.

Sweden

Kingdom. Population of 9.7 million. The capital of Sweden - Stockholm. State language Swedish.

Estonia

Republic. 1.3 million people. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn. State language Estonian.

To date, the list of European countries is such.

Detailed map of Europe in Russian. Europe on the world map - continent, who, together with Asia, is part of the mainland of Eurasia. The border between Asia and Europe - Ural MountainsFrom Africa Europe separates the Gibraltar Strait. There are 50 countries in Europe, general population - More than 740 million people.

Europe map with countries and capitals in Russian:

Europe map with countries is large - opens in a new window. The map shows the countries of Europe, their capital and major cities.

Europe - Wikipedia:

European population: 741 447 158 people. (2016)
Area of \u200b\u200bEurope: 10 180,000 square meters. km.

Satellite map of Europe. Europe map from satellite.

Europa satellite map in Russian online with cities and resorts, roads, streets and houses:

Sights of Europe:

What to see in Europe: Parthenon (Athens, Greece), Colosseum (Rome, Italy), Eiffel Tower (Paris, France), Edinburgh Castle (Edinburgh, Scotland), Church of the Holy Family (Barcelona, \u200b\u200bSpain), Stonehenge (England), St. Peter's Cathedral (Vatican) , Buckingham Palace (London, England), Moscow Kremlin (Moscow, Russia), Pisanskaya Tower (Pisa, Italy), Louvre (Paris, France), Big Ben (London, England), Blue Sultanahmet Mosque (Istanbul, Turkey), Hungary Parliament Building (Budapest, Hungary), Neuschwanstein Castle (Bavaria, Germany), Old Town of Dubrovnik (Dubrovnik, Croatia), Atomium (Brussels, Belgium), Charles Bridge (Prague, Czech Republic), Vasily Blessed Church (Moscow, Russia), Tauer Bridge (London, England).

The biggest cities of Europe:

City Istanbul - population of the city: 14377018 person. Country - Turkey
City Moscow - population of the city: 12506468 person. Country Russia
City London - population of the city: 817410 0 people Country - United Kingdom
City St. Petersburg - population of the city: 5351935 person. Country Russia
City Berlin - population of the city: 3479740 person. Country: Germany
City Madrid - population of the city: 3273049 person. Country - Spain
City Kiev - population of the city: 2815951 person. Country Ukraine
City Rome - population of the city: 2761447 person. Country - Italy
City Paris - population of the city: 2243739 person. Country - France
City Minsk - population of the city: 1982444 person. Country - Belarus
City Hamburg - population of the city: 1787220 person. Country: Germany
City Budapest - population of the city: 1721556 person. Country - Hungary
City Warsaw - population of the city: 1716855 person. Country - Poland.
City Vein- population of the city: 1714142 person. Country - Austria
City Bucharest - population of the city: 1677451 person. Country - Romania
City Barcelona - population of the city: 1619337 person. Country - Spain
City Kharkov - population of the city: 1446500 person. Country Ukraine
City Munich - population of the city: 1353186 person. Country: Germany
City Milan - population of the city: 1324110 person. Country - Italy
City Prague - population of the city: 1290211 person. Country - Czech Republic
City Sofia - population of the city: 1270284 person. Country - Bulgaria
City Nizhny Novgorod - population of the city: 1259013 person. Country Russia
City Belgrade - population of the city: 1213000 person. Country - Serbia
City Kazan - population of the city: 1206000 person. Country Russia
City Samara - population of the city: 1171000 person. Country Russia
City Ufa - population of the city: 1116000 person. Country Russia
City Rostov-on-Don - population of the city: 1103700 person. Country Russia
City Birmingham - population of the city: 1028701 person. Country - United Kingdom
City Voronezh - population of the city: 1024000 person. Country Russia
City Volgograd - population of the city: 1017451 person. Country Russia
City Permian - population of the city: 1013679 person. Country Russia
City Odessa - population of the city: 1013145 person. Country Ukraine
City Koln - population of the city: 1007119 person. Country: Germany

Microstate Europe:

Vatican (area of \u200b\u200b0.44 sq. Km - the smallest state in the world), Monaco (area 2.02 sq. Km.), San Marino. (area 61 sq. Km.), Liechtenstein (area of \u200b\u200b160 sq. Km), Malta (Area 316 sq. Km - Island in the Mediterranean) and Andorra (Area 465 sq.m.).

Subregions of Europe - European Regions according to the UN:

Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, France, Switzerland.

Northern Europe: United Kingdom, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia.

Southern Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Macedonia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Italy, Vatican, Greece, Malta.

Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Russia, Republic of Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova.

EU countries (members and composition of the European Union in alphabetical order):

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, United Kingdom, Greece, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Ireland, Spain, Republic of Cyprus, Luxembourg, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Finland, Croatia , Czech Republic, Sweden, Estonia.

Climate of Europe Most moderate. The European climate is particularly affected by water. Mediterranean Sea And the course of golfstream. In most European countries, a clear division of four seasons is felt. In winter, it falls on most of the territory of the continent and the temperature is kept below 0 s, and in the summer - the weather is hot and dry.

Relief of Europe - These are mostly mountains and plains, and the plains are much larger. Mountains occupy only 17% of the entire European territory. The largest European plains are the Middle Eastern, Eastern European, Middle Indian and others. The largest mountains - Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, etc.

Europe coastline is very raised, so some countries are island states. Through the territory of Europe proceed the largest rivers: Volga, Danube, Rhine, Elba, Dnipro and others. Europe is characterized by a special careful attitude towards his cultural and historical heritage and natural wealth. In Europe, many national parks, and in almost every European city, unique historical monuments and architecture of past centuries have been preserved.

Europe Reserves (National Parks):

Bavarian Forest (Germany), Belovezhskaya Pushcha (Belarus), Belovezhskaya National Park (Poland), Borjomi-Haragauli (Georgia), Borzhlavsky Lakes (Belarus), Vanuad (France), Wykos-Aoos (Greece), high Tauern (Austria), Dvoringerweld (Netherlands), Yorkshire Deylz (England), Kemeri (Latvia), Killarney (Ireland), Kozar (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Koto de Donyan (Spain), Lemmenioki (Finland), Narlaskansky (Belarus), New Forest (England), Pirin (Bulgaria), Plitvice Lakes (Croatia), Pripyatsky (Belarus), Snowdonia (England), Tatras (Slovakia and Poland), Tingvedal (Iceland), Shumava (Czech Republic), Dolomites (Italy), Durmitor ( Montenegro), Alonisos (Greece), Watnajekyudl (Iceland), Sierra Nevada (Spain), Retzat (Romania), Rila (Bulgaria), Triglav (Slovenia).

Europe - This is the most visited continent in the world. Numerous resorts of southern countries (Spain, Italy, France) and a rich diverse historical heritage, which is represented by a variety of monuments and attractions attracted tourists from Asia, Oceania and America.

Castles in Europe:

Neustvstein (Germany), Trakai (Lithuania), Windsor Castle (England), Mont-Saint-Michel (France), Deep (Czech Republic), de Haar (Netherlands), Coca Castle (Spain), Konii (United Kingdom), Bran (Romania ), Kilkenny (Ireland), Egueskov (Denmark), Peng (Portugal), Shenonso (France), Bodiami (England), Castle of the Holy Angel (Italy), Chambor (France), Aragon Castle (Italy), Edinburgh Castle (Scotland) , Spiser Grad (Slovakia), Hohensalzburg (Austria).

Worldwide known thanks architectural monuments and interesting story. It is difficult to answer the question of which one should be visited first. In this article, briefly described about some of them, namely, the most beautiful capitals european states.

Prague

This city, according to generally accepted opinion, is the most beautiful among the capitals of European states. Here is the abundance of medieval streets laid down by a paving, a lot unique monuments And Charles Bridge - one of the symbols of the Czech capital. Its length is more than five hundred meters. Important historical events are connected with the famous Prague Bridge, including the attack of the Swedes, who has encouraged in the middle of the XVII century.

The name of the city, which ranks first in the list of the most picturesque capitals of European states, is translated from Czech as a "threshold." On the basis of Prague there are many legends, including legends on the wise Libuch government.

Paris

The capital who once ruled one of the greatest commander in the world, famous Champs Elysees and Eiffel Tower. In fact, of course, the list of sights of Paris is quite extensive. We will not list everything here, but I will put in briefly the story of the famous symbol of the French capital.

The metal tower, the height of which is more than three hundred meters, can not be called an ancient monument. It was built only at the end of the XIX century. According to statistics, among all the attractions of the world is the most visited. Each tourist visiting Paris primarily seeks to take a picture against the background of the Eiffel Tower.

In 1889, the world exhibition dedicated to the anniversary of the French revolution took place in Paris. A few years before this event, a competition was organized, the winner of which was to create a project of structures. The monument reflects the technological and engineering achievements of the country. The authors of the project were employees of the Bureau of Eiffel.

Rome

The third place in the list of the most capitals of European states, which are known throughout the world, occupies main city Italy. There have been many talented artistic films, among them and "Sweet Life" Fellini. This city is considered one of the most romantic in the world. To the most interesting historical monuments Piazza Navona also refers, Pantheon.

Perhaps, talking about what kind of cities in Europe is the most beautiful, incorrect. For someone this is Moscow. Someone closer to Berlin or Athens. But, according to the rating drawn up not so long ago, on the basis of tourists' reviews and published in the media, the fourth place belongs to the German capital, the fifth - Greek. Moscow in this list is the sixth position. The list of beautiful capitals also includes Madrid, Helsinki, Amsterdam.

Self famous cities Europe can be issued in the list drawn up with the various signs. And alphabetically, and geographical location, and by age. Below is another two list, which included the aforementioned cities.

states from north to south

This list should be started with Helsinki. Among the European capitals, this city is the northernmost. Next, the list can be as follows:

• Stockholm.
• Oslo.
• Tallinn.
• Copenhagen.
• Moscow.
• Warsaw.
• Dublin.
• Prague.
• Paris.
• Belgrade.
• Sofia.
• Skopje.

Capital of European states in alphabetical order

If you draw up full list, then the forty-four cities will enter it. The first place is the European capital, which tourists perceive in different ways. For some of this city - the focus of debauchery. For others, the place where great painters worked. We are talking, of course, about Amsterdam. The second position in the list, composed in alphabetical order, occupies Andorra La Vella. Third - Athens. Then there are cities whose name begins on "b".

First of all, the capital comes to the head of Germany. But Belgrade precedes in this list. And then the capitals of such states as Switzerland, Slovakia, Belgium, Hungary are followed. What cities are the political and economic centers of these countries? Bern, Bratislava, Brussels and Budapest.

The complete list includes the capital of small states, for example, Liechtenstein. Main city dwarf state Is Vaduz. But further list the most famous capital:

• Brussels.
• Warsaw.
• Vein.
• Dublin.
• Copenhagen.
• London.
• Madrid.
• Moscow.
• Oslo.
• Paris.
• Prague.
• Stockholm.
• Tallinn.
• Helsinki.

This article will help to deal with Europe's geography in more detail.

If you are going to Europe, the preliminary information about the country of destination will not interfere. Including historical information. Since no trip to any country usually passes its capital, then the greatest interest is the data on the main city of the state. Acquaintance with the city begins with his name. The names of the capitals of European countries should be known from school. But few people know about the origin of these names. The selection of etymological references below will allow you to fill this gap in knowledge.

Amsterdam. Capital of the Netherlands. The city is located at the mouth of the river Amstel. Fishing village at this location titled Amstelrediam Known from 1282 translated as the "Village of the dam on the Amstil River."

Athens. Capital of Greece. The first settlements in this place are known from the XV-XIII centuries. BC e. The ancient Greeks associated the name of the city with the name of the goddess Athena Pallades - his patroness. It is assumed that the name it appeared before the ancient Greeks and was given by Pelasgami. Translated from the latter, it may be "hill, elevation".

Belgrade. Capital of Serbia. The city is founded by the Celts in the IV-III centuries. BC e. entitled SICALIDUN (dun. - "Hill"). After the conquest of Slavs in 878, first mentioned by title White City. Modern name - The same, only in Serbohorvatsky. The word "white" is believed in this case it has a symbolic meaning. Only the last interpret in different ways. Some associate element white With water, since all the "white cities" are near the river. Others explain it as synonymous beautiful. Third believe that this case white \u003d "Free" (that is, a city with certain privileges).

Berlin. Capital of Germany. The name is known since 1244. The origin of the name is still not fixed. A lot of explanations have been proposed. The most convincing are the following: 1. From a personal name Burle. 2. From Slavyansky brl. "Top, swamp". 3. From Slavyansky bRLEN. "Dam on the river for fishing or wood alloy."

Berne. The capital of Switzerland. The city is known from 1191. Many explanations have been proposed. The most convincing are the following: 1. From the Celtic Mountain. 2. This is transferred from Italy name Verona, recycled B. Berne. On the coat of arms of the city depicted a bear. And People's Solva binds the name of the city with the word "bear." This explanation by these themselves is rejected as unacceptable.

Bratislava. The capital of Slovakia. BC In the place of the city was a Roman fortified camp Sonyum. Later here formed the Slovak city Preslav, named by personal name. Subsequently, this name was transformed into Breslavsburg, and then Presburg.. After the formation of Czechoslovakia, the city is returned by the Slavic name Bratislava (This is a modified toponym version. Preslav).

Brussels. Soliga Belgium. The city is first mentioned in the VIII century in the form Brcelawhich was then transformed into modern French Bruxelles. And Flemish Brussel. Toponym consists of Flemish roots brock. "Swamp" and sela "Housing", that is, Brussels - "Seryolation of the Marsh".

Budapest. Soligar Hungary. In 1872, the city of Buda and the foot, who were on opposite shores of the Danube, were combined into one city, called name Budapest. Both parts toponym - Slavic: buda "House, building, settlement"; pest "Furnace" in the meaning of "home hearth, dwelling".

Vein. Solitz Austria. Named along the river flowing in this place in Danube. The name of the river alone is derived from Celtic vedunia. "wood". Others - from Celtic vindo. "White", "Building". Another version is from Celtic vedunis "Forest stream".

Bucharest. The capital of Romania. Under this title, the city was first mentioned in 1459. Toponym formed from a personal name Bucur, apparently belonging to the feudal owner. Suffix --EST Normal in the names of the Romanian settlements.

Vaduz. Solita Liechtenstein. Toponym is known from 1342. It is a modified name of the valley, whose name was given by Romans - Wallis Dulcia – vallis. "Sweet, pleasant" + dulcis "valley". Through intermediate Valduz. The city received a modern name Vaduz.

Warsaw. Poland's Trolitsa. Under this title, the city is known since the XIII century. Different opinions were expressed about the etymology. The most convincing is considered the construction of a personal name. Warcha + suffix accessories -Eve. I.e Warsaw - "Varha village".

Vilnius. Lithuanian Solita. Until 1939 was called Wicked. Founded in the 10th century on the Vilia River (lit. Nyaris) when Viley (Wilni) is pushed. By the names of these rivers the city and got their name. The name of the river Vilia - from Slavic velia "Big."

Zagreb. Trolitsa Croatia. Known from the XI century. The most convincing is the version of the Slavic origin of this toponym. His etymology is "for embankment (dam, moat)."

Kiev. Capital of Ukraine. The city appeared in V c. The etymology of his name is controversial. Currently, the distributed version is the formation of toponym from Slavic kuyava "Mountain, steep hill, top." In the Old Russian Chronicles "Tale of Bygone Years" title is displayed from the name Cue. However, already in the chronicles could not decide who was this cue - a simple person or prince? In the antiquity of the city received the names of the princes, so the princely version seems more believable. But then there is still a name Kyi Korov Therefore, the version appeared that Kiev was carrier through Dnipro. Supported version of a personal name Kiy. A. I. Sobolevsky, who took this name itself from Slavic koth "Stick, Six". There is also a version of the non-Slavic origin of toponym, which many famous Slavists reject. In this case, we are talking about an attempt to link toponym with Prakrit (Middle Indian Languages \u200b\u200band Dialects) koyava In the sense of "Place of Throne." In the Middle Ages, Kiev was called Sambatas. The origin of this toponym causes a variety of guesses.

Kishinev. Moldova's line. Toponym is known since the XV century. On Radlov, from Moldovan nEU. "New" and Turkic kyshlach "Winter". Other version: from an ancient village chisinau. "Well, spring, source." Among other hypothesis there is a version from Polovtsian origin: from kingdom "The scene of the burial, mausoleum."

Copenhagen. Soligitsa Denmark. Toponym known from 1231 consists of two bases from the words of the Danish language: kjobmann. "The merchant, merchant" + havn. "Harbor, Pier."

Lisbon. The capital of Portugal. First mentioned in the II century BC. e. The origin of the name is unclear. So, the second component is trying to withdraw from Phoenician iPPO. "Fence", the second component is unclear. In another case, try to explain from the Phoenician alis Ubbo. "Merry bay (joyful bay)." There is also a hypothesis about the appearance of the name from Lisso. or Lucio. - Domanian name of the Lisbon River, on which Lisbon stands.

London. The capital of Great Britain. Under this name, the city is known since 115 - Londinium.. A few explanations are proposed: from a personal name Londin ("Londin City"), from the name of the tribe londin ("Londin City"), from Celtic lON-DUN. "Strengthening on a hill", etc.

Ljubljana. The capital of Slovenia. Toponym is known from the VI century. To date, the semantic meaning of this name is unclear, although there are many versions: from the Slavic basis love From ethnonym ljubljana on behalf of the river deity Lubarus, from the Old Slavic name Love et al. However, the presence of numerous toponymic parallels indicates the dewan origin of toponym. So, try to bring out of Latin alluviana "flooding".

Madrid. Capital of Spain. The city was laid in 927 in 939, referred to as Magecherit. Believed that it comes from Arabic madarat - "city". But then another explanation appeared: the name of Doyrabsky and comes from Romanesque maderita. "Forest Porosl".

Minsk. Capital of Belarus. The city is known from 1067. The chronicle forms of toponym - Mesen, Mensk, Mensk. Ancient Minsk emerged a few south-west of the historic core of the modern city, on the river Meni (men), on which I received a name. The origin of the name of the river is completely unclear. Someone sees a parallel with the name of the river Mine (Rhine's influx) in Germany. Someone takes from Latvian main. - "Boloto".

Oslo. The capital of Norway. It was founded in 1048, at least two versions of the origin of this toponym. Of oS. "Usti" + LO. - the name of the river, i.e., "River at the mouth of the river Lo." Another version: from ass Og Lo. "Polyana (View) in the forest." From 1624, the city called the name King Christian Cristia (Christians). In 1925, he was returned to the original name.

Paris. The capital of France. At the turn of our era, the city was called Lutetia Parisiorium. It was the main city of the Gallic tribe of Parisian. Suggest that the first part of toponym is from Celtic lut. "Swamp". Etymology ethnonym Parisian is controversial. According to one version means "ship", on the other - "border people".

Prague. Czech Republic Czech Republic. The name is known since the X century. From numerous explanations, the most convincing is the construction of Czech pražiti. "A place on which the forest is burned out." Interpretation through the word threshold is very common. But it is mistaken, because neither linguistically is confirmed, nor geographically (there are no river thresholds).

Reykjavik. Soliga Iceland. The city was founded by Vikings in 875. and called the bay, on the shores of which he stands. Couples over hot springs on the shores of the bay called smoke. Hence the name of the bay Reykjavil - Reyka. "To smoke" + vik. "Bay, Bay."

Riga. Soliga Latvia. The city was founded at the turn of the XII-XIII centuries. The name is derived from the Baltic languages \u200b\u200b- from the word ring, Ringe "Bending, Ironing". From this word the name of the river, later acquired a decreasing form of Rigen. This river was falling asleep. Thus, the city was named either on the river, or by an uncertainty, which had a settlement.

Rome. Trolitsa Italy. The legend on the relationship of the city name named Romulus is a toponymic myth, a classic example of folk etymology. It is assumed that the toponym arose from the ancient name of the Tiber River, on which it is located, - Rumo, Rumon. The name of the river may be associated with the name of one of the tribes of the Etruscans, which were the ancient population of these places.

holm. stak. "Bay" and stok "Cole, pile, pole."

Stockholm. Soliga Sweden. The city is founded in the middle of the XIII century. The second part of toponym holm. means "island". The first part is less transparent. It may be stak. "Bay" and stok "Cole, pile, pole."

Tallinn. Solita Estonia. The city is known from 1154. The modern name arose in the XIII century, when the city captured the Dane and called it Taani Linn. "Danish city". Officially, this name was fixed only in 1917. However, the city is known and under other names. In Russian chronicles and in later sources, until the XVIII century - Kolyvan. Its origin is unclear. Derive from a personal name Kalele (hero epic "Kalevala"), and from Lithuanian kalvis "Forge". Until 1917 official name cities - Revel The origin of this toponym is also controversial. Some derive from the name of the entire coastal area - Rivel. Others - from the Swedish "Strag". Third - from the name of the shopping area Rebala. Discussion and the origin of an earlier city name Lindanisa.

Helsinki. The capital of Finland. The city is founded by the Swedes in the XVI century at the waterfall and named them Helsingfors. Second component fors. - "Waterfall". The origin of the first is unknown. Suggest that from ethnonym helsing. The city moved from the waterfall, but the Swedish name talked for a long time in pre-revolutionary Russia.

Sources

Nikonov V. A. A brief toponymic dictionary. M., 1966.

Pospelov E. M. School Toponymic Dictionary. M., 1988.

Europe is a region with a unique story. Geographical position European countries are more than successful. Before listed the list of European countries and their capital, we describe the European territory as a whole. Most states are in a favorable climatic zone and have a successful geopolitical position. Almost all European powers have access to the sea.

We give a list of European countries and their capitals. And add brief descriptions. What are the unique and interesting these powers?

Western Europe

1. Austria - Vienna: in this city lived and worked throughout his career Sigmund Freud.
2. Belgium - Brussels: the airport of the capital of Belgium - the largest point Sales of chocolate in the world.
3. United Kingdom - London: This is the only city in the world where the Olympic Games passed three times.
4. Germany - Berlin: Only three opera theaters operate in this world of the world.
5. Ireland - Dublin: in Dublin is the oldest in the world of the maternity hospital.
6. Liechtenstein - Vaduz: Despite the status of the capital, less than 6,000 people live there.
7. Luxembourg - Luxembourg: This is the second richest country in the world after Qatar.
8. Monaco - Monaco: Monaco borders Monaco from all sides and is actually a city-state.
9. Netherlands - Amsterdam: There are no free parking in all Amsterdam.
10. France - Paris: In the capital of France, only one sign "Stop".
11. Switzerland - Bern: The main language of the capital is not Swedish at all, but German.

Eastern Europe

1. Belarus - Minsk: The capital of Belarus older than Moscow and burned the dottle in his entire history 18 times.
2. Bulgaria - Sofia: almost one-way city, 95% of ethnic Bulgarians live in it.
3. Hungary - Budapest: in the center it is the largest synagogue in Europe, it accommodates 3,000 visitors.
4. Moldova - Chisinau: there was a time when there was no president in the country for 3 years.
5. Poland - Warsaw: There is no circus in the capital of Poland, and the number of theaters exceeds the number of cinemas.
6. Romania is Bucharest: the unofficially proclaimed capital of homeless dogs, here they are more than in the whole of Europe.
7. Slovakia - Bratislava: The city is famous for the most expensive hotel that the same person designed by the project "Titanica" - Thomas Andrews.
8. Ukraine - Kiev: Here is the widest and most short Central Street of Europe - Khreshchatyk.
9. Czech Republic - Prague: on one of the streets of the city of Faust is located.

Northern Europe

Consider a list of European countries with capitals.

1. Denmark - Copenhagen: There is still a pipeline profession here.
2. Iceland - Reykjavik: There are no ants and mosquitoes in this country.
3. Norway - Oslo: the most expensive city in the world.
4. Latvia - Riga: Riga Airport is the largest in the Baltic States.
5. Lithuania - Vilnius: 93% of Lithuanians own real estate.
6. Finland - Helsinki: Water from the tap in Helsinki falls there directly from mountain sources.
7. Sweden - Stockholm: 95% of the Swedes own english language.
8. Estonia - Tallinn: Estonians themselves write the name of their capital with two "l" and with two "n".

It remains to consider countries southern Europe And their capitals, the list is also represented in alphabetical order.

1. Albania - Tirana: A country that proclaimed himself the first atheistic state.
2. Andorra - Andorra La Velia: There is no His army here, the population under the protection of the troops of Spain and France.
3. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo: First, the country acquired independence and only then, after three years, there was a constitution in it.
4. Vatican - Vatican: all famous fact - This is the smallest state in the world, its area is only 0.44 sq. Km.
5. Greece - Athens: It was in the capital of Greece that the first Olympic Games were held.
6. Spain - Madrid: The capital is exactly in the geographical center of the country.
7. Italy - Rome: The city is one of the most beautiful in Europe, and the famous Colosseum enters the seven wonders of the world.
8. Macedonia - Skopje: The famous Mother Teresa was originally from Skopje, in the city there is a museum dedicated to her.
9. Malta - Valletta: The endemic appearance of the bees lives here, so the name of the country is in translated into Russian means "honey".
10. Portugal - Lisbon: 11 million people live in the country, and 232 million people in the world speak Portuguese.
11. San Marino - San Marino: At the entrance to San Marino there is no customs control.
12. Serbia - Belgrade: national pride - Nikola Tesla.
13. Slovenia - Ljubljana: The capital was designed in the form of a star.
14. Croatia - Zagreb: The capital of Croatia has the safest passenger transportation system.
15. Montenegro - Podgorica: Montenegrins are considered the highest nation in Europe.

This list of European countries and their capital for the southern part is the most numerous. Mostly due to the presence of small but interesting and distinctive countries.

So, we not only reviewed the list of European countries and their capital, but also led interesting Facts About each country or its capital.