Cuba: the geographical position of the country, climate features, flora and fauna. Cuba

27.09.2019

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International economics

Vitebsk, 2017

1. Where is the country, territory, main cities of the country

2. The size, density and growth rate of the population

3. Official languages

4. Transport infrastructure

5. Two interesting facts from the history, economy or politics of the country

6. Specialization of the country in the world market

7. Availability, composition of natural resources

8. Major national companies

9.GDP for the last 5 years, the dynamics of GDP per capita, compare with other countries

12. State of the state budget and public debt

13. Characteristics of the national currency and the stability of the exchange rate

14. Main articles of import and export and their dynamics

15. State of the foreign trade balance

16. Country participation in regional agreements or communities

List of sources used

1. Where is the country, territory, main cities of the country

Kumba (Spanish. Cuba), official name- Republican Kumba (Spanish. Repъblica de Cuba), unofficial since 1959 Liberty Island -- Island state in the northern Caribbean. The country occupies the territory of the island of Cuba as part of the Big Antilles, the Juventud Islands and many smaller islands. From North America Cuba is separated by the Florida Strait in the north and the Yucatan Strait in the west. The country has been a member of the UN since 1945.

Capital and The largest city- Havana.

Cuba is located at the junction of North, Central and South America, on the island of Cuba (the largest in the West Indies), the island of Juventud, as well as on the adjoining about 1600 small islands and coral reefs belonging to the group of the Greater Antilles. The coastline is characterized by deep bays and many convenient bays. The island is surrounded by reefs and other coral formations.

The territory of Cuba is 110 860 km². The island, which stretches from west to east for 1250 km, is often compared to a lizard with its head facing the Atlantic and its tail at the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico. In the south, Cuba is washed by the Caribbean Sea, in the northwest by the Gulf of Mexico, and in the northeast by the Atlantic Ocean. The distance from Cuba to the United States is bottleneck Florida Strait - 180 km, to the island of Haiti through the Windward Strait - 77 km, to the island of Jamaica through the Strait of Colon - 140 km, to Mexico through the Yucatan Strait - 210 km.

Cuba population resource imports

2. Population size, density and growth rate

According to our estimate, at the end of 2016, the population of Cuba was 11,417,147. During 2016, the population of Cuba increased by approximately 16,417 people. Considering that the population of Cuba at the beginning of the year was estimated at 11,400,730, the annual increase was 0.14%.

Table 1 - Population density by countries of the world

		Population density, people / km2

	Singapore


	Germany

	Belarus

Population growth rates in Cuba for 2011-2015 are presented in table 2.

Table 2 - Population of Cuba

3. official languages

Official language Spanish. V resort areas English, German, Italian are widely used. Cubans are a proud people. They really want to make a good impression on foreigners and try to speak English: but if you say even a few words in broken Spanish, they will really love you. Cubans speak Spanish relatively quickly compared to other Latin Americans.

4. Transport infrastructure

Marine and air

Cuba has five international airports: in Havana, Santiago de Cuba, Varadero, Holguin and on the island of Cayo Largo. By far the largest number of flights arrive in the Cuban capital, Havana. International flights carried out mainly by foreign airlines such as Aeroflot, British Airways, Air France, KLM, Lufthansa, etc.

Cuban airlines operate domestic flights mainly on small aircraft. Tickets for these flights are not very expensive and you can get up to 25% discount when presenting an international ticket. The country has 77 paved airfields and 94 unpaved airfields.

Seaports are located in the cities: Havana, Cienfuetos, Manzanillo, Mariel, Matanzas, Nuevitas, Santiago de Cuba.

Public transport

It is not worth using public transport in Cuba. Firstly, due to the fact that it is simply impossible to find it, and secondly, buses run rarely and are packed. The main urban mode of transport is the bus. It is called "gua-gua" ("va-va"). The bus stops every four blocks, the chauffeur will announce your stop if you ask him to. During rush hour city buses are packed to capacity, the routes are not marked, and getting on the bus can be very difficult. There is no timetable at all.

An unusual bus runs across Havana - a "monster" based on our ZIL, called a "camel". This giant bus carries up to 300 people. In Havana, there is even a toy bus, from the windows of which a whole bunch of Cubans and Cubans look out.

In Cuba, services for the transportation of passengers and goods in buses on different directions carry out transport companies(Association public transport countries) and "Viazul" ("Viazul"). When buying tickets for the Astro bus, foreign tourists have priority. For one US dollar, you can buy 4 seats at once. You can pay for the fare on buses of the "Viazul" company only in hard currency.

For tourists in Cuba, there are so-called tourist taxis. These are modern executive class cars (with a cordless telephone and air conditioning). Taxis can be ordered from any hotel. At the same time, the movements of tourist taxis are constantly monitored, which ensures your safety. Taxi prices range from 50 cents to 1 US dollar per kilometer.

There are three state-owned taxi companies in Cuba: Cubanacan, the most expensive (Mercedes), Turistaxi (Japanese air-conditioned minicars), and Panataxi (Lada), the cheapest, but only operates in the capital. In the provinces, in hotels and in tourist centers you can find taxis "Cubanacan" and "Turistaxi". The safest way to catch a taxi is at the hotel entrance. When you arrive at Havana airport, do not pay in advance for a taxi at the travel agency. Better to go to the Panataxi branch at the exit, it will cost less - about US $ 15.

There are intercity buses and group taxis. They run between cities.

Road system

The road system in Cuba, although developed, is very specific: there are no road signs as a class, and only a basic knowledge of the Spanish language will help somehow save the situation. Length highways is 61 thousand kilometers, of which with a hard surface - 30 thousand kilometers. The vehicles are badly worn out and need updating.

On the roads, Cubans move mainly on bicycles. The car park consists mainly of cars imported from the USSR and American "old" -mobiles of 1936, 1948, 1956 and 1960s. Police patrols still drive old Zhiguli cars.

Many locals hitchhiking around the country. Governmental vehicles by law, they are obliged to take fellow travelers if there are empty seats in the car, therefore, people in yellow clothes armed with notepads are often on duty at the main city exits and intersections. Their tasks include ensuring the organization of sending people hitchhiking.

At one time in Havana, they tried to build a metro, but due to the lack of a monolithic foundation, the attempts were stopped.

Length railways in Cuba is about 11 thousand kilometers. In recent years, the railway service has practically disappeared.

Rent a Car

It is impossible to see all of Cuba without a car. During your vacation, you can travel the whole country, from the Caribbean to Atlantic Ocean, get to know everyday life ordinary people and make sure that the words about their sincere openness and benevolence are correct.

You can rent a car if you are 21 years of age or older. The cost of car rental is from 60 USD per day, depending on the class of the car, plus the cost of insurance. The cost of gasoline is 1-1.2 US dollars per 1 liter. There are no special problems with gasoline, although refueling is not very common. Before taking the car, you need to carefully inspect it for defects, which must be noted in the contract.

There are a lot of police in Havana, but she does not touch cars with tourist (owned by rent-a-car companies) license plates. Cars with such numbers enjoy certain benefits, such as, for example, passage through tunnels closed for repairs connecting parts of Havana, parking in unauthorized places, etc.

5. Two interesting facts from the history, economics or politics of countriesNS

1) Cuba is one of two countries in the world where Coca Cola is not sold. Another country where a ban on the trade of this drink was introduced in connection with US sanctions is North Korea.

2) The United States pays Cuba $ 4,085 for the Guantanamo rent annually. The Cuban government has not yet cashed a single rent check.

6. Country specialization in the world market

The country's economy is completely dependent on the conjuncture of prices for sugar, nickel and tobacco on the world market. The main branch of the Cuban economy is the sugar industry, the main agricultural crop is sugar cane. There are about 170 sugar refineries in the country. The famous Cuban cigars are produced by 6 tobacco factories. An important source of income - international tourism... In the production of nickel, the reserves of which Cuba ranks first in the world, the republic managed to reach the highest level, which is about 68 thousand tons. 50% of the nickel mined comes from the joint venture Moa Nickel. Bilateral contracts entered into by the Cuban side with foreign companies are carried out by an organization called Gtominera S.A. Another specific feature of Cuba is the ubiquitous sugar industry, the enterprises of which are distinguished by a pronounced seasonality in their work. During the safra period, sugar factories require a large amount of fuel, primarily for the production of process steam and electricity. During the safra months, the consumption of liquid fuel for the operation of reed harvesters, for the transportation of tens of millions of tons of cut sugar cane from the fields to the sugar central regions and millions of tons of sugar from the central regions to the ports, also sharply increases.

The sugar industry is one of the leading sectors of the Cuban economy. The potential capacities of 156 sugar factories in Cuba are able to process 670 thousand tons of sugar cane per day, which theoretically can provide the production of 9-9.5 million tons. sugar a year. In the 80s. Cuba was able to achieve stable sugar production at the level of 7-8 million tons. per year, of which 3-3.5 million tons. supplied to the USSR. In the past, the relatively high performance of the industry was based mainly on the extensive way of developing the sugar industry, actually encouraged and paid for by the CMEA member countries.

More than 50 products are known that are obtained from the waste of this valuable biological raw material and are successfully sold on the international market. markets (artificial fibers, paints, plastics, raw materials for the production of paper and technical rubber, feed additives for livestock, etc.). In the future, Cuba intends to increase the number of sugarcane derivatives to 100 items. This direction is recognized as one of the priorities in the implementation of scientific and technological progress in Cuba.

The production of ecologically pure sugar has begun on an industrial scale. products. The prices for organic sugar on the world market are three times higher than the prices for conventional sugar varieties. The leader of the national production of this product is the Carlos Baligno plant in the province of Las Villas. In 2000, it produced 4.2 thousand tons of organic sugar. In 2005, about 21.3 thousand tons of this product were received. In general, the annual demand of the world market for this type of sugar is 200 thousand tons. The deployment of the program for the production of organic sugar, according to the Cuban sugar industry experts, will allow Cuba in the coming years to take a leading position among the producers of this product in the world.

Russia retains the leading position in the consumption of Cuban raw sugar, however, its supplies to Russia are carried out mainly through firms from third countries. In 2000, Russia imported 2.02 million tons. Cuban raw sugar (in 1999 - 2.08 million tons), accounting for 63% of Cuba's sugar exports

7. Availability, composition natural resources

Mineral resources of Cuba. The country is relatively rich in mineral resources. Prospective oil and gas fields have been explored in the west of the island. Cuba has large deposits of cobalt (26% of the world's reserves) and nickel (800 million tons - the second largest in the world). Also in the bowels of the country are gold, silver, chromium, copper, manganese and iron ores, construction raw materials (siliceous sand).

Plant and animal resources of Cuba. The country's tropical vegetation is diverse: there are more than 30 types of palm trees, red, black and sandalwood trees, virgin pine, masiflora, citrus trees grow in the mountains. Palm trees are widely represented, and on the coasts - mangrove vegetation. Forests cover 10% of the island's area. The plains are covered with grassy savanna. The island is inhabited by rodents, reptiles and birds, as well as insect pests (sand flea and malaria mosquito). V sea waters valuable commercial fish, molluscs, lobsters, shrimps, turtles are found.

8. Major national companies

The main largest companies in Cuba are presented in Table 3.

Table 3 - The largest companies in Cuba

9.GDP for the last 5 years, the dynamics of GDP per capita inhabitedia, compare with other countries

The volume of GDP and GDP per capita in Cuba in comparison with other countries is presented in Table 4

Table 4 - Cuba GDP per capita for 2011-2015 in comparison with other countries (in billions of dollars)






	Germany

The volume of income per capita in Cuba in comparison with other countries is presented in Table 6.

Table 6 - The volume of national income per capita of Cuba for 2011-2015 in comparison with other countries (in dollars)




	Liechtenstein



	Germany





	Belarus

Cuba ranks 46th in the world in terms of human development. This indicator in comparison with other countries over the past 5 years is presented in Table 7.

Table 7 - Cuba Human Development Index for 2011-2015 in comparison with other countries



	Norway
	Australia





	Germany

	Belarus

12. State budget and public debt

Total government budget revenues in Cuba in 2016 were US $ 47.0 billion (56.8% of GDP), while total expenditures were US $ 49.0 billion (59.2% of GDP). Financial results(budget deficit) amounted to -2.2% of GDP. And the national debt of Cuba as of October 31, 2015 is 23,440 (million USD)

13. Characteristics of the national currency and the stability of the exchange rate

In fact, there are 2 monetary units in Cuba - the Cuban peso (CUP, code 37), which is used by the local population, and the convertible Cuban peso (CUC), which is used in the tourism industry (our tourists call them "cookies"). First of all, tourists are interested in the second type of currency - after all, they have to deal with convertible Cuban pesos.

The Cuban Convertible Peso is pegged to the US dollar at a rate of about 1 to 1; the exact exchange rate against the ruble and other currencies can be viewed on the currency converter on the right.

In circulation there are banknotes in denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 convertible pesos, as well as coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 centavos, 1 and 3 pesos.

Convertible pesos in Cuba can be purchased with Euros, British Pounds, Canadian Dollars and Swiss Francs; 8% tax will be charged on exchange. All transactions with US dollars, in addition to the 8% tax, are subject to an additional 10% tax, so it is better to leave US dollars at home and go to Cuba with any other of the four currencies listed above.

You can exchange currency in Cuba at banks, exchange offices (CADECAs) and in most hotels. It is not recommended to change money on the street - there is no benefit, but there is a risk of encountering scammers.

Banks in Cuba are open from Monday to Friday from 8.30 to 12.00 and from 13.30 to 15.00 / 16.00, on Saturdays - from 8.30 to 10.30 / 12.00

Credit cards of the world's leading payment systems, except for North American ones, are accepted for payment in many hotels, restaurants and shops. All credit card transactions will be charged 11.24%

14. Main articles of import and export and their dynamics

The commodity structure of exports in 2015 (%): sugar - 30.1, nickel - 25.6, tobacco products - 14.5, seafood - 4.4.

Imports grew in 2015. up to $ 4781.8 million. The main purchases fall on (%): machinery and equipment - 23.6, energy - 23.5, food - 14.4, chemicals - 8.8.

The main trading partners are (2015,%): in exports - the Russian Federation (19.4), Canada (16.6), Spain (8.9), Germany (7.2), the Netherlands (7.0); in imports - Venezuela (18.6), Spain (15.4), China (9.2), Mexico (6.2), Italy (6.0).

The volume of trade with the Russian Federation is $ 322.5 million, incl. export 288.0, import 34.5.

15. Foreign trade balance

Inflation in 2014 was 1.4%, in 2015 - 2.9%. A serious threat is a huge negative foreign trade balance, partly offset by receipts from foreign tourism and remittances from Cubans from abroad (almost $ 1 billion annually). For example, last year Cuba exported goods worth $ 3.8 billion, imported goods worth $ 10.4 billion. due to the lack of spare parts, lack of fertilizers, cutting out livestock), it is necessary to import up to 80% of food.

16. Country participation in regional agreements or communities

Cuba is a member of:

Mercosur (common market for South American countries);

CARICOM (Caribbean Community);

United Nations (UN);

The World Trade Organization (WTO);

International Organization of African Countries, The Caribbean and The Pacific(ACT);

WITHlist of used sources

Country GDP per capita // http://svspb.net/danmark/vvp-stran-na-dushu-naselenija.php

Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia // http // ru.wikipedia.org

World Trade organisation. Official site. http://www.wto.org

The World Bank. World Bank database. http://www.worldbank.org

Geographical directory "About countries" // http://ostranah.ru/

European Statistical Agency Eurostat Official website http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu

World Data Atlas // http://knoema.ru/atlas

Survey information on the world economy. http://www.ereport.ru

Forecasts of exchange rates // http: // http://fx-currencies.ru

Statistical information website: http: // www.datacenter.utoronto.chass.ca.

Comparison of development levels of countries: http://wnr.economicus.ru

Real-time statistics. Official site. http://countrymeters.info/ru/

13.cuba-tut.ru - All about cube

14.https: //www.smileplanet.ru/cuba/ - Cuba - detailed information about country

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The Republic of Cuba is the first socialist state in the Western Hemisphere. Cuba is located in the West Indies at the junction of the North, Central

and South America. According to the configuration of the territory stretching from west to east for 1250 km, Cuba is often compared to a lizard. In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea.

Cuba is located on the most important sea and airways Atlantic.

The area of the Republic of Cuba is 111,000 sq. km., including the island of Cuba - the largest in the West Indies and gave the name to the whole country. Cuba is equal in area to Bulgaria, and in terms of population it surpasses it.

Cubans with legitimate pride call their homeland “America's First Free Territory”, and Cuba's friends all over the world call it “The Island of Freedom”. Socialist Cuba has traveled a difficult and glorious path in a historically short period of time.

The supreme organ of state power of the Republic of Cuba is the National Assembly of People's Power, elected for a term of five years, and endowed with legislative powers. The National Assembly elects the Council of State from among its members. The highest executive body is the Council of Ministers. The Chairman of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers is the head of state. Administratively, Cuba is subdivided into 14 provinces, which in turn are divided into 169 municipalities, one of which, Juventud, is centrally subordinated.

In Cuba, the slogan is popular: “Power of the people is really power! ”.

The supreme leading force of Cuban society and state is the Communist Party of Cuba.

The coat of arms of Cuba depicts the surrounding blue sea, a key, a palm tree and hills. The key symbolizes the position of the island on the world's most important sea routes. Palm trees are the favorite trees of Cubans, and they grow everywhere, singly or in small scenic groups. And the hills and low mountains along the edges of the island enliven the view of the plains.

Recreational resources
In 1998, for the first time in the entire tourist history of Spain, 47,743,000 tourists were registered here, which made it an honorable second place in the world after France. USA, for many years had ...

Economic and geographical position of Cuba.

CUBA, Republica de Cuba, an island state in the West Indies. Includes islands: Cuba, Juventud (formerly Pinos) and approx. 1600 small islands and coral reefs from the Greater Antilles group. It is separated from the Florida Peninsula by the Florida Strait. The area is 110.9 thousand km2.

Political system Cuba.
Administrative divisions of Cuba.

Cuba is the only socialist state in the Western Hemisphere. Supreme body state power - the unicameral National Assembly of People's Power. The head of state and government is the chairman of the State Council.

Fourteen provinces and a special municipality about. Juventud.

Population of Cuba.

Cuba has a population of 11.26 million (2004). Most of the Cubans (51%) are mulattoes and Hispanic-Indian mestizos, 37% are white, 11% are blacks, the descendants of African slaves. The official language is Spanish. Most of the believers are Catholics, many adhere to syncretic Afro-Christian cults. The population density is 101.6 people / km2. The urban population is 76%.

Climate of Cuba. Relief of Cuba.
Vegetable and animal world Cuba.

The relief of Cuba is mostly flat, approx. 1/3 of the territory is occupied by hills and mountains. Highest mountain system- Sierra Maestra (1972 m, Turchino Peak) is located along southeast coast Cuba. The most big river- Kauto. Karst landforms are developed, there are large basins of groundwater.

The climate is tropical trade wind with a rainy season from May to October. Tropical hurricanes and showers are frequent. On the plains, natural vegetation has been preserved only in places. OK. 1/4 of the territory is covered with forest, Ch. arr. in the mountains and wetlands. Mangroves grow along the shores. Sandy beaches often stretch for many kilometers (e.g. worldwide famous resort Varadero).

The fauna of the land is relatively poor, while the coastal waters are teeming with life. Diversity natural conditions and the magnificent beaches attract many tourists to Cuba. Reserves (El Cabo, Kupeyal, etc.) and reserves (Cienaga de Zapata, Cienaga de Lanier) have been established to protect the fauna and natural landscapes.

Economy and industry of Cuba.
Minerals of Cuba.

Cuba is an agro-industrial country, a traditional supplier to the world market of sugar, nickel, tropical fruits, rum, tobacco and cigars. The state plays a major role in the Cuban economy: it owns a monopoly on foreign trade, most industrial enterprises and the entire banking sector. The main source of foreign exchange earnings is the service sector associated with servicing foreign tourists (1.4 million people in 1998). GNP per capita - $ 1,550 (1999).

From the beginning. 1990s In the Cuban economy, crisis phenomena began to grow, caused by the excessive centralization of management and the severing of ties with the USSR. Currently, Cuba has partially moved away from the practice of building socialism on the Soviet model and entered a phase of limited market reforms.

Cuba occupies one of the leading places in the world in nickel mining (2nd in the world in reserves and 3rd in production), has significant reserves of chromium, manganese, iron and copper ores, asbestos, rock salt, phosphorites. the country has discovered oil and gas fields. The main industrial center is Havana. Home s.-kh. the crop is sugar cane (63% of the export value in 1996).

Russia remains the largest importer of Cuban raw sugar. Citrus fruits, coffee, pineapples, bananas, etc. are also grown. An important traditional culture is tobacco. The main food crop is rice. Marine fishing is of great importance.

The monetary unit is the Cuban peso.

The Republic of Cuba is unofficially called the Island of Liberty, and occupies the entire territory of the island of Cuba, which is part of the Greater Antilles. The history of the Republic is closely connected with political events during the Cold War and the confrontation between the United States and the Russian Federation in the political arena, which is explained by its advantageous location and proximity to the North, South and Central parts of America.

The official name of the Republic of Cuba has two versions of the origin story. Some scholars believe that this word came from the language of local Indian tribes, who so called fertile lands. Others believe that this is what Columbus named the island at the time of its discovery, giving the island the name of a settlement with the same name in Portugal.

Geographic characteristics

The island is located at the junction of three parts of America - North, South and Central. This is the most large island which belongs to the territory of the West Indies, and it represents most of the territory of the Republic. It also includes adjoining islands and Coral reefs from the Greater Antilles.

Cuba is quite impressive in terms of territory, and occupies 110,860 square kilometers, which stretch from west to east for 250 kilometers. The outlines of the Republic on the map are very reminiscent of a lizard that turned its head towards the Atlantic.

People with mixed national origins live here. When the Spaniards reached the island, it was inhabited by the tribes of the Indians of the Arawak group, as well as those who had recently moved from Haiti. However, in the process of colonization, the indigenous people were practically destroyed, and most of the territory was occupied by the Spaniards and other colonizing peoples. Today, the population of the state is more than 11 million people, of which only about 65% of citizens can be attributed to the white race.

Nature

Rivers and lakes

The rivers on the territory of the Republic are not large in size. They are usually quite short and not a lot of water. More than 600 rivers or streams are found here, and many of them head north, although there are some that flow in the south into the Caribbean Sea.

On the shores there are a huge number of swamps, the largest of which is called Zapata. Lakes, like rivers, are small, and most often freshwater, although there are also salt lagoons. Largest lake with fresh water called Laguna de Leche, and its waters are distinguished by a whitish milky hue, which is explained by the content of chalk in the water ...

Sea, bay and ocean that surround Cuba

The southern part of the territory of the Republic is washed by Caribbean, and from the northwest, the island skirts the Gulf of Mexico. The northeastern coast faces the Atlantic Ocean ...

Plants and Animals

More than 3,000 species of tropical fruit plants and flowers grow in Cuba and the surrounding islands. Forests are represented by both deciduous and evergreen trees, and it is not uncommon to find mahogany or log tree. In the middle of the 20th century, forest plantations were actively planted, and today more than 30% of the territory is covered with green spaces and forests ...

One of the most interesting mammals of Cuba is the practically exterminated Cuban cracker. The island is home to 23 species of bats, as well as many different rodents. Parrots and blackbirds predominate among the birds, and flamingos and hummingbirds live in large numbers.

Amphibians are represented by alligators and a variety of lizards, including the iguana, as well as turtles and crocodiles. Among the snakes, there are many varieties of non-poisonous and not dangerous to humans. More than 7 thousand species of insects and 500 species of fish complement the fauna of this Republic.

Cuba climate

The tropical location close to the Gulf Stream and warm trade winds provides a fairly warm climate in Cuba. average temperature in January it usually does not drop below 22.5 degrees Celsius, and in August it reaches 27-28 degrees on average. From the beginning of May to October, there can be quite heavy torrential rains, and in the fall the picture is complemented by hurricanes. From November to March, the most favorable tourist season ...

Resources

Industry and agriculture

The sub-platform areas on which the state is located are composed mostly of limestone fossils. There are practically no expensive minerals in the country that could bring profit to the budget of Cuba. The main types of industry are light, textile and food, heavy industry occupies a very small place in the country.

Fertile lands give rich harvests, therefore, agriculture is quite well developed in Cuba. The bulk of the plantations is occupied by sugar cane, but other aspects of agricultural structures are also actively developing. Cuba supplies the world market with a large number of elite cigars and sugar, as well as nickel in quite significant quantities ...

State system of Cuba.
Administrative divisions of Cuba.

Cuba is the only socialist state in the Western Hemisphere. The supreme body of state power is the unicameral National Assembly of People's Power. The head of state and government is the chairman of the State Council.

Fourteen provinces and a special municipality about. Juventud.

Population of Cuba.

Climate of Cuba. Relief of Cuba.
Flora and fauna of Cuba.

The relief of Cuba is mostly flat, approx. 1/3 of the territory is occupied by hills and mountains. The highest mountain range, the Sierra Maestra (1972 m, Turchino Peak), is located along the southeastern coast of Cuba. The largest river is Kauto. Karst landforms are developed, there are large basins of groundwater.

The fauna of the land is relatively poor, while the coastal waters are teeming with life. The variety of natural conditions and magnificent beaches attract many tourists to Cuba. Reserves (El Cabo, Kupeyal, etc.) and reserves (Cienaga de Zapata, Cienaga de Lanier) have been established to protect wildlife and natural landscapes.

Economy and industry of Cuba.
Minerals of Cuba.

The monetary unit is the Cuban peso.

History of Cuba.

In 1492 the island inhabited by Indians was discovered by H. Columbus. In the 16th century. Cuba was colonized by the Spaniards, who destroyed most of the indigenous population and imported slaves from Africa to work on sugarcane plantations (slavery persisted until 1886). In 1902, as a result of many years of armed struggle by the Cuban people (the ten-year war against the Spanish colonial oppression 1868-1878, the 1895-1898 uprising led by J. Martí and A. Maceo), Cuba's independence was proclaimed, but the country was actually occupied by the United States. After the withdrawal of American troops from Cuba in 1902, the United States again resorted to armed intervention and occupation of Cuba.

In 1934, the pro-American dictatorial regime of F. Batista was established. In January 1959, as a result of the Cuban Revolution led by F. Castro Batista, he was overthrown and fled. Cuba was guided by the USSR, which provided it with economic assistance in the situation of the island's embargo by the United States. In October 1962, during the Cold War, the Caribbean crisis broke out, caused by the deployment of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. In 1975 Cuba was proclaimed a socialist state under the leadership of the Communist Party headed by F. Castro. The United States is still continuing its blockade of Cuba, causing enormous damage to its economy.

National holidays - January 1 (Liberation Day), May 1 (International Day of Workers' Solidarity), July 26 (National Uprising Day), October 10 (the beginning of the struggle for Cuba's independence from Spain in 1868).

Cuba: the geographical position of the country, climate features, flora and fauna. Cuba

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History of Cuba.

State system of Cuba.
Administrative divisions of Cuba.

Climate of Cuba. Relief of Cuba.
Flora and fauna of Cuba.

Economy and industry of Cuba.
Minerals of Cuba.