When the Titanic sank and how many people. How the titanic sank

26.09.2021

1. 3 million rivets were used to build the Titanic, most of which were handmade.

2. Launching the ship took 23 tons of grease, locomotive oil and liquid soap to lubricate the gangway guides.

3. The designers considered the liner unsinkable. The double bottom and 16 watertight bulkheads were know-how for that time. However, the designers did not know how penetrating the iceberg could be.

4. There was no such simple thing on the Titanic as binoculars. The captain fired his second mate Blair, who, in retaliation, stole the keys to the safe where the lookout binoculars were.

5. The shipwreck happened on April 14, 1912. Events are recreated to the smallest detail. Since early morning, ten times the crews of other liners transmitted reports that icebergs were already nearby, but the Titanic ignored these warnings. The last report arrived on the Titanic 40 minutes before the collision. But the Titanic radio operator did not even listen to the message and cut off the connection.

6. Many celebrities of that time were on the liner. Among them, for example, was the millionaire and feminist Margaret Brown. She was famous for knowing five languages and swearing at them like a shoemaker. After the collision with the iceberg, Margaret helped put people on the boats, but she was in no hurry to leave the ship herself. Finally, someone forcefully pushed her into the boat and sent her out to sea. Having reached another ship, the Carpathia, Margaret immediately began to look for blankets and food for the victims, made lists of survivors, and collected money. By the time the Carpathia arrived at the port, she had collected $ 10,000 for the survivors.

7. Another famous passenger of the Titanic, businessman Benjamin Guggenheim, got his companion into a lifeboat. He convinced her that they would soon see each other, although he understood that the situation was hopeless. Together with the valet, he returned to the cabin and changed into a tailcoat, and then sat down at a table in the central hall and began to drink whiskey. When someone suggested that they still try to escape, Guggenheim replied: "We are dressed in accordance with our position and are ready to die like gentlemen."

8. An outstanding ticket to the Titanic launching ceremony went under the hammer at a London auction for $ 56,300. And the onboard menu with a list of 40 dishes was sold in New York for $ 31,300. Another similar menu in London went for 76,000 pounds. The keys to the ship's quarters, which housed the lifeboat lanterns, also survived and were sold for 59,000 pounds.

9. The liner was sinking to the music. The orchestra stood up to the last on the deck and played the church hymn "Closer, Lord, to You."

10. In 1991 and 1995, the Russian deep-sea vehicles "Mir" sank to the ship, which is now at a depth of 3.8 kilometers. Then the devices shot a video that was included in the notorious film by James Cameron. This year, in honor of the centenary of the sinking of the liner, our submariners again promised to dive to the Titanic.

11. UNESCO has waited a hundred years to declare the wreck of the Titanic a cultural heritage site. For such cases, they have a special convention. Now UNESCO will make sure that the items from the Titanic do not go to uncivilized divers.

12. Released in honor of the centenary of the film "Titanic 3D" has already grossed an impressive $ 17.4 million in the United States. "Titanic" by James Cameron in 1997 was a phenomenal success and the box office at that time was huge: $ 1.8 billion. It was only 12 years later that the movie "Avatar" managed to break this record.

13. The ill-fated black iceberg, or rather his photograph, was found 90 years after the sinking of the Titanic. A few days after the tragedy, a certain Stefan Regorek from Bohemia on another liner sailed past the crash site and photographed an iceberg. After a thorough examination, it was proved that the dents on the iceberg could well have been made by the ship. So the block of ice also suffered.

14. Jack Dawson, the hero of the very film that brought Cameron fame and fortune, is a real character. True, Cameron later assured that he took the name from the ceiling and that it was a coincidence. Nevertheless, the real Jack Dawson was a coal miner on the Titanic. True, he was not in love with the green-eyed Kate Winslet (she was not yet born then), but with the sister of his friend, who persuaded him to become a sailor. In the end, of course, everyone died.

15. Legends are still told about the Titanic. For example, lovers of mysticism point out that in 1898 the writer Morgan Robertson wrote the novel "Vanity" - about a huge transatlantic liner and its smug passengers. There are many similarities in the narrative, for example, the name of the ship - "Titan" - and the collision with an iceberg on a cold April night.

16. Another legend says that once every six years, radio operators catch on the air the SOS ghost signal from the Titanic. For the first time this was stated by the crew of the battleship "Theodore Roosevelt" in 1972. The radio operator rummaged through the archives and found notes from his colleagues that they too had received strange radiograms allegedly from the Titanic: in 1924, 1930, 1936 and 1942. In April 1996, the SOS signal from the Titanic was received by the Canadian ship Quebec.

17. Although the official version says that the Titanic sank the iceberg, not everyone believes it. For example, some claimed that the Titanic was sunk by a German torpedo fired by employees of the company that built the liner to get insurance. However, this sounds unconvincing, considering how many employees of the company died on April 14, 1912.

18. The Titanic was not the only major liner of the White Star Line. The ship Olympic began to be built at the same time as the Titanic. In 1911, on her 11th voyage, the Olympic collided with the British cruiser Hawk. The latter miraculously remained afloat, while the Olympic got off with minor injuries.

19. The younger brother of "Titanic" - the ship "Britannic" was supposed to bear the name "Gigantic", but after the crash of the first liner, the builders decided to moderate their ambitions. The Britannic was the most comfortable of the three ships: it had two hairdressers, a children's playroom, and a gym for second-class passengers. Unfortunately, the passengers did not have time to appreciate the merits of the new liner. After the outbreak of war, it was converted into a hospital ship and was soon blown up by a mine near Greece. True, most of the people on board were saved.

20. The last of the Titanic passengers died in 2009 at the age of 97. She was 2.5 months old at the time of the shipwreck.

It was interesting? Then read these articles too. Your erudition will thank you. Telegram channel MAXIM: Reading

100 years ago, on the night of April 15, 1912, after a collision with an iceberg in the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, the Titanic liner, on board of which there were more than 2,200 people, sank.

The Titanic is the largest passenger ship of the early 20th century, the second of three twin steamers produced by the British White Star Line.

The Titanic's length was 260 meters, width - 28 meters, displacement - 52 thousand tons, height from the waterline to the boat deck - 19 meters, distance from the keel to the top of the pipe - 55 meters, top speed - 23 knots. Journalists compared it in length with three city blocks, and in height with an 11-storey building.

The Titanic had eight steel decks, located one above the other at a distance of 2.5-3.2 meters. To ensure safety, the ship had a double bottom, and its hull was divided by 16 watertight compartments. Watertight bulkheads rose from the second bottom to the deck. The ship's chief designer, Thomas Andrews, said that even if four of the 16 compartments were filled with water, the liner could continue on its way.

The interiors of the cabins on decks B and C were made in 11 styles. Passengers of the third class on decks E and F were separated from the first and second class by gates located in different parts of the ship.

Before the departure of the Titanic on its maiden and last voyages, it was emphasized that 10 millionaires would be on board the ship on the maiden voyage, and gold and jewelry worth hundreds of millions of dollars would be in its safes. American industrialist, heir to mining magnate Benjamin Guggenheim, millionaire with a young wife, Assistant to US Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft Major Archibald Willingham Butt, member of the US Congress Isidore Strauss, actress Dorothy Gibson, wealthy public figure British model Margaret Brown and many other famous and wealthy people of that time.

On April 10, 1912, at noon, the Titanic superliner set off on its only journey from Southampton (UK) to New York (USA), stopping at Cherbourg (France) and Queenstown (Ireland).

During the four days of the journey, the weather was clear and the sea calm.

On April 14, 1912, on the fifth day of the voyage, several ships sent messages about icebergs in the area of the ship's route. For most of the day, the radio was broken, and many messages were not noticed by the radio operators, and the captain did not pay due attention to others.

By the evening, the temperature began to drop, reaching zero Celsius by 22:00.

At 23:00 a message was received from the Californian ship that there was ice, but the Titanic's radio operator cut off the radio exchange before the Californian had time to report the coordinates of the area: the telegraph operator was busy sending personal messages from passengers.

At 23:39, two lookouts noticed an iceberg in front of the liner and reported it by phone to the bridge. The oldest of the officers, William Murdoch, gave the command to the helmsman: "Left rudder."

At 23:40 "Titanic" is in the underwater part of the ship. Of the 16 watertight compartments of the vessel, six were cut through.

At 00:00 on April 15, Titanic designer Thomas Andrews was called to the bridge to assess the severity of the damage. After reporting the incident and inspecting the ship, Andrews informed everyone present that the ship would inevitably sink.

On the ship, the bow began to be felt. Captain Smith ordered the lifeboats to be uncovered and the crew and passengers called for evacuation.

On the orders of the captain, the radio operators began sending out distress signals, which they transmitted for two hours, until the captain relieved the telegraph operators from duty a few minutes before the ship sank.

Distress signals, but they were too far from the Titanic.

At 00:25 the coordinates of the "Titanic" were taken by the ship "Karpatia", which was located at a distance of 58 nautical miles from the crash site, which was 93 kilometers. ordered to immediately head to the site of the Titanic disaster. Rushing to the rescue, the ship was able to reach a record speed of 17.5 knots - at the maximum speed for a vessel of 14 knots. For this Rostron ordered to turn off all appliances that consume electricity and heating.

At 01:30 the Titanic operator telegraphed: "We are in small boats." By order of Captain Smith, his assistant, Charles Lightoller, who led the rescue of people on the port side of the liner, put only women and children in the boats. The men, according to the captain, were to remain on deck until all the women got into the boats. First Mate William Murdock on the starboard side for men, if there were no women and children in the line of passengers gathered on deck.

At about 02:15, the Titanic's bow sank sharply, the ship moved significantly forward, and a huge wave swept across the decks, sweeping many passengers overboard.

At about 02:20 minutes, the Titanic sank.

At about 04:00 am, about three and a half hours after receiving the distress call, the Carpathia arrived at the Titanic crash site. The vessel took on board 712 passengers and crew members of the Titanic, after which it safely arrived in New York. Among those rescued were 189 crew members, 129 male passengers and 394 women and children.

The death toll, according to various sources, ranged from 1400 to 1517 people. According to official figures, after the crash, 60% of passengers are first-class cabins, 44% are second-class cabins, and 25% are third-class.

The last surviving passenger of the Titanic, who traveled aboard the ship at the age of nine weeks, died on May 31, 2009 at 97 years old. The woman's ashes were scattered over the sea from the pier in the port of Southampton, from where the Titanic set sail in 1912.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

The British transatlantic steamer Titanic was built in Belfast at the Harland & Wolfe shipyard for the White Star Line. At the time of commissioning, it was the largest vessel in the world. On April 10, 1912, the Titanic recovered on her first and last voyage. The command of the Titanic on the maiden voyage was entrusted to Edward John Smith, the most experienced captain of the White Star Line, with 25 years of experience as a captain. He led a crew of over 900 people.

Passengers boarding the Titanic began at 9:30 am on April 10 at the port of Southampton. At 9:45 am, a special White Star Line train departed from London Waterloo Station, carrying first-class passengers to Southampton. At about eleven o'clock the train arrived at the ocean dock where the Titanic was moored. 245 second and 497 third class passengers from London were delivered by the earlier train, which departed at 7:30 and arrived at 9:30.

At 11:50 am the ship's whistle announced that the Titanic would set sail in ten minutes. The board of the liner was abandoned by journalists, escorting officers and port officials. A pilot climbed aboard the Titanic. Six tugboats began to pull the Titanic away from the pier and into the Test River channel. When the tugs dropped the cables, the pilot ordered "Small forward", and the "Titanic" went past the quay walls located behind the ocean dock on its own. At that time the steamers Oceanic and New York were stationed there, the latter moored to board the Oceanic. At the moment when the Titanic caught up with the New York, six steel cables, which moored the steamer, burst, and the stern of the New York, which fell into the danger zone of external hydrodynamic pressure created by the movement of a larger liner, became approach the Titanic. Captain Smith immediately ordered the vehicles to be stopped. One of the tugs accompanying the Titanic bypassed the New York, secured the cable thrown to him from the deck, and with all the power of his machines began to pull the ship back to the shore. The Titanic parted with New York just a few dozen centimeters away. Two tugs relocated the narrowly escaped Titanic back to allow two other tugs to move the New York to a new anchorage.

After the incident, the Titanic continued its journey at low speed with an hour's delay. From the Southampton Bay, the Titanic sailed into the Solent Strait, skirting the Isle of Wight on the east side. Upon reaching the eastern end of the Isle of Wight, the ship slowed down again to allow the pilot to leave. After that, the order to increase speed was transmitted from the bridge to the engine room, and the Titanic headed south, towards the shores of France.

2 Cherbourg

The weather was windy and cloudy over the English Channel. The Titanic covered the 147 km distance in six and a half hours and arrived in Cherbourg at about 18:30. The port of Cherbourg did not have a berth suitable for the Titanic, so the liner anchored in the middle of the bay. Passengers and cargo were delivered on board by auxiliary vessels "Nomadik" and "Traffic". Many people got to the Cherbourg maritime station by a special train, coordinated with the schedule of the steamer, which departed at 9:40 from Paris Saint-Lazare station. A significant portion of the new passengers were wealthy Americans, who ended their winter season in Monte Carlo, Nice, Cannes and other resorts on the Riviera. Anchorage in Cherbourg lasted an hour and a half, at 20:00 the Titanic weighed anchor and set off for Queenstown.

3 Queenstown

On April 11, the Titanic was already approaching the coast of Ireland. A pilot boarded a few kilometers before the port. At 11:55 am, the Titanic dropped anchor in Cork Harbor, 6.5 km from Queenstown.

Utility ships America and Ireland carried passengers (mostly young Irish immigrants, third-class passengers) to the Titanic, cargo and mail. In addition to passengers, journalists, photographers and local merchants climbed aboard, with the permission of the captain. At 13:30, after all the guests had left the ship, the anchor was raised and the Titanic departed for New York with 2208 people on board.

4 Transatlantic Route

When the Titanic reached the Fastned lighthouse, which marked the beginning of the transatlantic route, the captain gave the command "Full speed ahead" and the steamer reached a speed of 21 knots (39 km / h). In 1898, shipping companies, whose ships provided communication between Europe and North America, entered into an agreement to service some of the lines used at different times of the year. First of all, this was to allow ships to avoid, especially in certain months, areas where there was a threat of ice and fog. In addition, precisely marked courses when moving from east to west and back were supposed to help minimize the risk of collisions between ships going towards each other. And finally, in the event of an accident, the established corridors in the navigation in the North Atlantic made it possible to count on the quick help of another vessel sailing the same route. From January 15 to August 14, ships were ordered to move along the southern route, the turning point to New York was located approximately 750 km southeast of Newfoundland Island. This was done in order to bypass the area of the Great Newfoundland Bank, where a large number of icebergs accumulated. High tides caused by the record close approach of the Moon and Earth in January 1912 caused the icebergs to reach the Great Bank of Newfoundland a month earlier. In April 1912, a north-northwest wind prevailed over the Atlantic. The coincidence of the directions of constant wind and ocean currents caused the penetration of icebergs to the south further than usual.

As soon as the Titanic left Ireland, the sky cleared and the weather was good for this time of year throughout the voyage. During the second day (from noon on April 11 to noon on April 12), the Titanic covered 715 km, in the third day - 962 km, in the fourth day - 1012 km.

On Sunday, April 14, the steamer was sailing at a speed of 22.75 knots (42 km / h), but in the morning, at the initiative of the captain, two more boilers were launched in boiler room 5. In the early morning the weather was cloudy, there was a light rain, the west wind was blowing up to 7 m / s. By noon, the sky cleared, but it got colder. The air temperature was 6 ° C

On April 14, the Titanic radio operators began receiving messages about icebergs and ice fields with their coordinates. The first ice warning came at 9:00 from the steamer Karonia, announcing ice fields and the accumulation of icebergs and growlers (ice debris). Captain Smith acknowledged receipt of the message. At 11:40 am the captain received a telegram from the steamer Noordam, in which it was reported about drifting ice in approximately the same area indicated by the Karonia.

At 1:42 pm, the Baltic ship relayed the following message: "To Captain Smith, Titanic." Clear weather from the moment of departure. The Greek steamer Athens reports the passage of icebergs and a large number of ice fields today in the region of 41 ° 51 ′ north latitude and 41 ° 52 ′ west longitude ... I wish you and the Titanic success. "

Smith, showing this warning to White Star Line managing director Bruce Ismay, calculated a new route. The Titanic took its course for Sandy Hook Spit an hour after passing the turning point where transatlantic vessels usually headed for New York. The liner continued to go south-west and went about 40 km in this direction, before at 17:50 Chief Officer Wilde ordered the helmsman: "The right rudder is 47 degrees", and the Titanic from the course of 242 ° lay on the course of 289 °. This was done in order to certainly avoid meeting with icebergs.

At 13:45, the German ship America reported that it had encountered two large icebergs 620 km south of Newfoundland. However, this warning was not transmitted to the bridge. The reasons for this have not been clarified, perhaps the radio operators forgot to transmit the information to the captain, as they were busy troubleshooting the equipment.

At 19:30 an ice warning was received from the steamer "Californian": "... Ice in the area between 42 ° and 41 ° 25" north latitude and 49 ° 30 "west longitude. We saw a large accumulation of broken ice and many large icebergs. There are ice fields too. The weather is good and clear. "

This message was also not relayed to the watchkeepers on the bridge. Apparently, radio operator Jack Phillips did not understand him, because he was busy sending private telegrams to the relay station at Cape Reis (Newfoundland Island), which had accumulated during the time the radio transmitter was out of order. The last ice warning was received at 22:30 from the steamer Californian, which was drifting on the edge of the ice field about 50 km from the Titanic. Californian radio operator Cyril Evans began transmitting the coordinates of the danger zone, but Phillips rudely interrupted him: “Shut up! I am working. I have a connection with Cape Reis. " Thus, the most important ice warning was ignored.

At 9:20 pm the captain left the bridge and went to dinner in his own honor, hosted by the Widener couple. At 10:30 pm, the Titanic parted ways with the steamer Rappahannok, heading on a collision course from Halifax. Shortly before this "Rappahannok", while maneuvering among drifting ice floes, received damage to the stern. As soon as both ships were within sight of each other, Albert Smith, who was replacing the captain on the Rappahannock, established a connection with the Titanic with the help of a Morse lamp: “We have just passed through an ice field and between several icebergs,” in response to “ Titanic "signaled:" Message received. Thank you. Goodnight". After that, no measures were taken: the number of sentinels was not increased, the ship continued to go at the same high speed.

At 21:30, another warning about the presence of icebergs was received - this time from the steamer Mesaba, which was addressed to all ships sailing to the east: “Ice situation. Today, icebergs and vast ice fields are seen in the region of 41 ° 25 ′ N, between 49 ° and 50 ° 3 ′ W. The weather is good, clear. "

In the evening it got very cold, in two hours the air temperature dropped from 6 ° C to 0 ° C, complete calm was established, there were no ripples on the surface of the water. The night of April 14-15 was calm, cold, clear and moonless. The Titanic was sailing at almost top speed, over 22 knots.

5 crash

At twelve o'clock in the morning, most of the passengers went to bed. First Mate William Murdock took over the watch, replacing Second Mate Charles Lightoller. On the Mars platform, at a height of 29 m above the waterline, two lookouts were on duty: Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee. The air temperature dropped to −1 ° С, there was no excitement. The ship was sailing at a speed of 22.5 knots (41.7 km / h).

Visibility was about six kilometers, but the moon did not shine that night. The lookouts were warned of the ice hazard, and they and other crew members were ordered to look out for icebergs and ice debris at sea especially carefully.

At 11:30 pm, Fleet and Lee noticed a slight haze on the horizon ahead, but did not attach any importance to this. Nine minutes later, Fleet saw the outline of an iceberg directly ahead of about 600 m. He struck the bell three times, which means an obstacle is right in the course, and contacted the sixth assistant, James Moody, by phone. He reported the iceberg to William Murdoch, who commanded the helmsman Robert Hichens: "Right on board" (in 1912 terminology, the "Right on board" command meant turning the steering wheel as far as possible to the left). He himself moved the handles of the machine telegraphs to the "Stop machine" position. A little later, so that the stern would not touch the iceberg, he commanded "Left aboard", thus trying to get around the iceberg. It took about 30 seconds for the steam drive to turn the rudder blade. Stopping the propellers led to a decrease in the angular velocity (reduced turnability).

The iceberg was approaching the ship, which continued to move forward at high speed by inertia. Only after 25-30 seconds the Titanic's nose began to slowly deviate to the left. At the last second, the iceberg passed the stem and smoothly passed along the starboard side. The Titanic managed to turn 2 points, which was enough to avoid a head-on collision, but not enough to avoid contact with the iceberg. At 23:40 the starboard side of the liner touched the underwater part of the iceberg. On the upper decks, people felt a faint shock and slight tremor of the hull, on the lower decks the impact was slightly more noticeable. As a result of the collision, six holes with a total length of about 90 m were formed in the skin of the starboard side. As a result of contact with the iceberg, five bow compartments were damaged, the ship's unsinkability system was not designed for this. Designer Thomas Andrews, summoned by the captain for consultation, said that the ship could remain afloat for no more than an hour and a half.

At 00:05, Captain Smith ordered the crew to prepare the lifeboats for descent, then entered the radio room and ordered the radio operators to broadcast a distress signal. The boarding of the first passengers in the boats began at about 00:20, in which, by the order of the captain, they put primarily children and women. Since the collision was practically not felt by the passengers, they were reluctant to leave the ship, on which everything was outwardly in order: there were no power outages, the trim to the bow increased slightly during the first hour. To avoid panic, the crew members reported that the evacuation was being carried out as a precautionary measure. The boarding of passengers in the boats was supervised by the captain's mates. During the first hour, only 180 people were evacuated, the boats were lowered half empty. At 1:20, the water began to flood the forecastle. At this time, the first signs of panic appeared. The evacuation went faster.

7 ships responded to the distress signal and went to the place of the distress. The steamer "Karpatia" was the closest of them (about 93 km). Heading towards the sinking Titanic, he developed a top speed of 14 knots.

After 1:30, the trim on the bow began to grow rapidly, and panic began on board. The boats aft on the starboard side were lowered overcrowded. The crew did their best to hold back the onslaught of the crowd and let women and children into the boats first. The members of the machine team did not stop working. Through the efforts of boiler operators, machinists, mechanics, the steam pressure was maintained in the system, which was necessary to generate electricity and operate the pumps that pump out water.

After 2:05 the last boat was launched, at about 2:10 the water began to flood the boat deck and the captain's bridge. The remaining 1,500 people on board rushed towards the stern. The trim began to grow before our eyes, at 2:15 the first chimney collapsed. At 2:16, the power went out. At 2:18 a.m., with a nose differential at about 23 °, the liner broke. The bow part, having fallen off, immediately went to the bottom, and the stern was filled with water and sank two minutes later. At 2:20 am, the Titanic disappeared completely under water.

Hundreds of people swam to the surface, but almost all of them died from hypothermia: the water temperature was -2 ° C. On two folding boats, which did not have time to be lowered from the liner, about 45 people were saved. Eight more were rescued by two boats that returned to the crash site (No. 4 and No. 14). An hour and a half after the complete immersion of the Titanic, the steamer Carpathia arrived at the scene of the disaster and picked up 712 survivors of the wreck. As a result of the tragedy, 1,496 people died.

SHIP DESCRIPTION: The Titanic is a British transatlantic steamer, the second Olympic class liner. Built in Belfast at the Harland & Wolfe shipyard from 1909 to 1912 by order of the White Star Line shipping company. At the time of commissioning, it was the largest vessel in the world. On the night of April 14-15, 1912, during the maiden voyage, it crashed in the North Atlantic, colliding with an iceberg. The Titanic was equipped with two four-cylinder steam engines and a steam turbine. The entire power plant had a capacity of 55,000 liters. with. The ship could reach speeds of up to 23 knots (42 km / h). Its displacement, which exceeded the twin steamer Olympic by 243 tons, was 52 310 tons. The ship's hull was made of steel. The hold and lower decks were divided into 16 compartments by bulkheads with sealed doors. If the bottom was damaged, the double bottom prevented the ingress of water into the compartments. Shipbuilder magazine called the Titanic virtually unsinkable, a statement widely circulated in the press and among the public. In accordance with outdated regulations, the Titanic was equipped with 20 lifeboats, with a total capacity of 1,178 people, which was only a third of the steamer's maximum load. The Titanic's cabins and public spaces were divided into three classes. A swimming pool, a squash court, an A la carte restaurant, two cafes, and a gym were presented to the services of first-class passengers. All classrooms had dining and smoking rooms, open and closed boardwalks. The most luxurious and sophisticated were the first class interiors, made in various artistic styles using expensive materials such as mahogany, gilding, stained glass, silk and others. The cabins and salons of the third class were designed as simply as possible: the steel walls were painted white or sheathed with wooden panels.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DISASTER: On April 10, 1912, the Titanic departed from Southampton on its maiden and only voyage. Having made stops in the French Cherbourg and Irish Queenstown, the ship sailed into the Atlantic Ocean with 1,317 passengers and 908 crew on board. The ship was commanded by Captain Edward Smith. On April 14, the Titanic radio station received seven ice warnings, but the liner continued to move at almost top speed. To avoid encountering floating ice, the captain ordered to go a little south of the usual route. At 11:39 p.m. on April 14, the lookout reported to the captain's bridge about an iceberg straight ahead. Less than a minute later, a collision occurred. Having received several holes, the steamer began to sink. First of all, women and children were put in the boats. At 2:20 am on April 15, breaking into two parts, the Titanic sank, killing 1,496 people. 712 survivors were picked up by the steamer "Karpatia".

WASTE SEARCH: The wreckage of the Titanic rests at a depth of 3750 m. It was first discovered by Robert Ballard's expedition in 1985. Subsequent expeditions raised thousands of artifacts from the bottom. The bow and stern parts have sunk deep into the bottom silt and are in a deplorable state; their ascent to the surface intact is not possible.

WHERE THE TITANIC SINKED: This question has received many answers from Internet users. Here is some of them:

1. For a long time, the exact coordinates of the location of the wreckage of the "Titanic" were classified and only the inaccurate coordinates from the SOS "Titanic" were mentioned - "41 degrees 46 minutes N and 50 degrees 14 minutes W", but after UNESCO recognized the wreckage of the "Titanic" as cultural heritage and took them under protection the valid coordinates were published.

2. The wreck of the largest steamer at that time, the Titanic, occurred during its maiden voyage on the night of April 14-15, 1912, in the northern waters of the Atlantic Ocean, 645 kilometers west of Newdowland Island.

3. The ship "Titanic" sank in the Atlantic Ocean, having passed more than halfway from Great Britain to New York on April 14, 1912 as a result of a collision with an iceberg. The remains of the "Titanic" lie at the bottom of the Atlantic, south of the Great Newfoundland Bank, at a depth of 3.75 km, but not compactly: separately the bow, which sank first, 700 meters to the south - the stern of the "Titanic", around a few hundred meters - the wreckage and individual components of the vessel.

4. The sinking of the Titanic is one of the biggest tragedies in the world. It happened on April 14, 1912. The Titanic made its maiden voyage, collided with an iceberg and sank in the North Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Canada.

5. The Titanic sank in the North Atlantic Ocean. Twenty-five minutes after the Titanic collided with the iceberg, at the command of the captain, the radio operator transmitted the first signal asking for help and indicated the coordinates - 41 degrees 46 minutes north and 50 degrees 14 minutes west. The approximate coordinates of the location of the ship's remains are 41.43.16 SS and 49.56.27 WD. Approximate because the two largest parts of the ship are at a distance of 600 meters from each other, and small parts are scattered within a radius of 3-4 kilometers. By the way, the underwater canyon, where the Titanic sank, now bears the name of the lost ship. (source National Geographic) The place of the sinking of the Titanic is now precisely determined, and if we take as the reference point the location of the steam boilers that fell out of the insides of a broken sinking ship and rapidly fell to the bottom almost vertically, then the coordinates of the Titanic crash site are as follows: 41 ° 43 "35" N and 49 ° 56 "50" W.

6. "Titanic" sank in the North Atlantic Ocean, before reaching Bermuda. The exact coordinates are still disputed. "California" gave some coordinates, according to which it is known exactly where the collision with the iceberg took place - at the point with coordinates 41 degrees 46 seconds; north latitude and 50 degrees 14 seconds; west longitude, but then it was found that these were calculated incorrectly. After the collision, the ship was still moving for some time before it sank.

7. The Titanic sank in the North Atlantic Ocean, at a distance of a little more than half a thousand kilometers west of Newdowland Island. The exact coordinates of the site of the sinking of the Titanic are: 41 degrees 43 minutes 57 seconds north latitude and 49 degrees 56 minutes 49 seconds west longitude. This is the bow. The aft part is in a slightly different place: 41 degrees 43 minutes 35 seconds north latitude and 49 degrees 56 minutes 54 seconds west longitude.

8. If you are interested in the coordinates of the shipwreck, that is, the exact place where the Titanic sank, then this is 645 km west of the island called Newfoundland. By the way, they learned about the exact crash site of the Titanic only in 1985. In 2012, the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic was celebrated. This was the first and last flight of the Titanic.

9. Place of sinking of "Titanic" has coordinates: 41 degrees 46 minutes north latitude and 50 degrees 14 minutes west longitude.

10. The Titanic sank off the coast of Canada on its very maiden voyage on April 14, 1912. Coordinates: 41 ° 43min. 55 sec. sowing. lat. 49 ° 56 min 45 sec app. duty. The sinking of the Titanic impressed and continues to impress - the famous film Titanic only fueled interest in the disaster.

11. The steamer "Titanic" sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on April 14, 1912. The exact coordinates of the place of his shipwreck: 41 degrees 46 minutes north latitude and 50 degrees 14 minutes west. For this event, director James Cameron even made the movie "Titanic".

12. The exact place where the remains of the Titanic liner are located was able to determine the expedition only in 1985. The Titanic is 3925 meters deep in the Atlantic Ocean, 375 miles from Newfoundland Island.

On the night of April 14-15, 1912, the Titanic, the most modern passenger liner at that time, making its maiden flight from Southampton to New York, collided with an iceberg and soon sank. At least 1,496 people died, 712 passengers and crew were rescued.

The catastrophe of the "Titanic" very quickly became overgrown with a mass of legends and conjectures. At the same time, for several decades, the place where the deceased ship rests remained unknown.

The main difficulty was that the place of death was known with very low accuracy - it was about an area 100 kilometers in diameter. Given that the Titanic sank in an area where the depth of the Atlantic is several kilometers, the search for the ship was very problematic.

Titanic. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

The bodies of the dead were about to be lifted with dynamite

Immediately after the shipwreck, the relatives of the rich passengers who died in the crash came up with a proposal to organize an expedition to raise the ship. The initiators of the search wanted to bury their loved ones and, to be honest, to return the values that had gone to the bottom along with their owners.

The decisive attitude of the relatives came across a categorical verdict of experts: technologies for searching and lifting the Titanic from great depths simply did not exist at that time.

Then a new proposal was received - to dump dynamite charges to the bottom in the alleged place of the disaster, which, according to the authors of the project, were supposed to provoke the bodies of the dead to emerge from the bottom. This dubious idea also did not find support.

The First World War, which began in 1914, postponed the search for the Titanic for many years.

The interior of the veranda for the first class passengers of the Titanic. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

Nitrogen and ping pong balls

It was only in the 1950s that they started talking about the search for the liner again. At the same time, proposals began to appear on possible ways to lift it - from freezing the case with nitrogen to filling it with millions of ping-pong balls.

In the 1960s-1970s, several expeditions were sent to the area of the sinking of the Titanic, but all of them did not achieve success due to insufficient technical training.

In 1980 Texas oil tycoon John Grimm financed the preparation and conduct of the first large expedition to find the Titanic. But, despite the presence of the most modern equipment for underwater searches, his expedition ended in failure.

The main role in the discovery of the Titanic was played by ocean explorer and US Navy officer Robert Ballard... Ballard, who worked on improving small unmanned underwater vehicles, in the 1970s became interested in underwater archeology and, in particular, the secret place of the sinking of the Titanic. In 1977, he organized the first expedition to find the Titanic, but it ended in failure.

Ballard was convinced that it was only possible to find the ship with the help of the latest deep-sea bathyscaphes. But getting such at your disposal was very difficult.

Photo: www.globallookpress.com

Dr. Ballard's Secret Mission

In 1985, having failed to achieve results during an expedition on the French research vessel Le Suroît, Ballard moved to the American ship R / V Knorr, with which he continued to search for the Titanic.

As Ballard himself said many years later, the expedition, which became historical, began with a secret deal concluded between him and the command of the Navy. The researcher really wanted to get the deep-sea research apparatus "Argo" for his work, but the American admirals did not want to pay for the work of equipment to search for some historical rarity. The ship R / V Knorr and the Argo apparatus were to carry out a mission to survey the sites of the deaths of two American nuclear submarines Scorpion and Thresher, which sank back in the 1960s. This task was secret, and the US Navy needed a person who could not only do the necessary work, but also be able to keep it secret.

Ballard's candidacy was ideal - he was well-known, and everyone knew about his passion for the search for the Titanic.

The researcher was offered: he can get the "Argo" and use it to search for the "Titanic", if he first finds and investigates the submarines. Ballard agreed.

About "Scorpion" and "Thresher" knew only in the leadership of the US Navy, for the rest, Robert Ballard simply explored the Atlantic and looked for "Titatnik".

Robert Ballard. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

"Comet tail" at the bottom

He coped with the secret mission brilliantly, and on August 22, 1985, he was able to start looking again for the liner, which had died in 1912.

None of the most advanced technology would have ensured his success if it had not been for the experience gained earlier. Ballard, while examining the places of death of the submarines, noticed that they left a kind of "comet tail" at the bottom of thousands of debris. This was due to the fact that the hulls of the boats were destroyed when submerged to the bottom due to tremendous pressure.

The scientist knew that steam boilers exploded during the immersion on the Titanic, which meant that the liner had to leave a similar “comet tail”.

It was this trail, rather than the Titanic itself, that was easier to spot.

On the night of September 1, 1985, the Argo apparatus found small debris at the bottom, and at 0:48 the camera recorded the Titanic boiler. Then they managed to find the bow of the ship.

It was found that the bow and stern of the broken liner are located at some distance from each other, at a distance of about 600 meters. At the same time, both the stern and the nose were seriously deformed when diving to the bottom, but the nose was still better preserved.

The layout of the ship. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

House for underwater inhabitants

The news of the discovery of the Titanic became a sensation, although many experts were quick to question it. But in the summer of 1986, Ballard carried out a new expedition, during which he not only described in detail the vessel at the bottom, but also made the first dive to the Titanic on a manned deep-sea vehicle. After that, the last doubts were dispelled - the Titanic was discovered.

The last shelter of the liner is at a depth of 3750 meters. In addition to the two main parts of the liner, tens of thousands of smaller fragments are scattered along the bottom on an area of 4.8 × 8 km: parts of the ship's hull, remains of furniture and interior decoration, dishes, and personal belongings of people.

The wreckage of the ship was covered with multi-layer rust, the thickness of which is constantly growing. In addition to multi-layer rust, 24 species of invertebrates and 4 species of fish live on and around the hull. Of these, 12 species of invertebrates clearly gravitate towards the wreckage, eating metal and wooden structures. The interiors of the Titanic are almost completely destroyed. The wooden elements were engulfed by deep sea worms. The decks are covered with a layer of clam shells, and rust stalactites hang from many of the metal elements.

The purse lifted from the Titanic. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

Are only shoes left from people?

During the 30 years that have passed since the discovery of the ship, the Titanic was rapidly destroyed. Its current state is such that there can be no question of raising the ship. The ship will forever remain at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.

There is still no consensus on whether human remains have survived on and around the Titanic. According to the prevailing version, all human bodies are completely decomposed. Nevertheless, from time to time there is information that some researchers still stumbled upon the remains of the dead.

But James Cameron, director of the famous movie "Titanic", on whose personal account there are more than 30 dives to the liner on Russian deep-sea vehicles "Mir", he is sure of the opposite: "We saw shoes, boots and other footwear at the site of the sunken ship, but our team has never encountered human remains."

Things from the "Titanic" - a profitable product

Since the discovery of the Titanic by Robert Ballard, about two dozen expeditions have been carried out to the ship, during which several thousand objects have been raised to the surface, ranging from personal belongings of passengers to a piece of skin weighing 17 tons.

It is impossible to establish the exact number of items lifted from the Titanic today, because with the improvement of underwater technology, the ship has become a favorite target of "black archaeologists" who are trying by any means to get rarities from the Titanic.

Robert Ballard, lamenting this, remarked: "The ship is still a noble old lady, but not the lady I saw in 1985."

Items from the Titanic have been sold at auctions for many years and are in great demand. So, in the year of the 100th anniversary of the disaster, in 2012, hundreds of items went under the hammer, including a cigar box that belonged to the captain of the Titanic ($ 40,000), a life jacket from a ship ($ 55,000), a master key first class steward (138 thousand dollars). As for the jewelry from the Titanic, their value is measured in millions of dollars.

At one time, having discovered the Titanic, Robert Ballard intended to keep this place a secret, so as not to disturb the resting place of one and a half thousand people. Perhaps he didn't do it in vain.