Cognitive facts about Australia. As the work of prisoners prevents economic development History of Australia: a glimpse of hope

This, at first glance, strange, but often mentioned prefix to the name of the country sounds like a "prison continent". However, in fact, are there many countries in the world, the eleven prisons of which were listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List? Or there is another state that released a collection of gold coins dedicated to the domestic penitentiary system, which was made by the Central Bank of the Australian Union - is the country officially called the country, in 2012? And here as a guide, we will take this series and take.

Prison numismatics

The history of the prisons of Australia and Oceania began in the eighteenth century, when the first batch of convicts landed on the shores of the continent, who were forced to spend the rest of their lives away from their own Great Britain - to lay roads in the thickets, build new berths in ports. Together with them, the army of officials arrived, which was located in the farm building, survived the day of the day called the "Old Government House" and the wederated on one of the coins.

So, the first camps of the prisoners in the southern coast of Australia appeared, which later became known as the South Wales state, and the savory coal copy on the island of Tasmania, also immortalized on the coin. Three more coins are dedicated to the government institution "Baracki Gaid Park", a coward prison in and the Kesnevian women's prison. Completed the Fremantle Prison Poddollarik series, one of the very first prisons built for the content of particularly dangerous criminals. Her story began in 1850, when 75 convicts on the ship "Skindian", which arrived to the shores of the fifth continent, began construction, which lasted nine years. After some time, again the forces of prisoners, under the prison, a unique kilometer hydraulic structure was built - a system of tunnels with waterborne tanks. And at the beginning of the twentieth century, when, during the "gold fever", the number of serious crimes increased dramatically, a block was attached to the main citadel, in which suicide cameras were accomplished and sentenceded. The last here was hung in 1964 the serial killer Erik Edgar Cook.

Unfortunately, the inattention of the prison authorities to the conditions of the content of prisoners led to tragic consequences. In January 1988, when a fifty-degree heat fell into Australia, due to the lack of air conditioners, several inhabitants of the chambers died from a thermal impact, and the rest were raised the rebellion, when it was suppressed by a few more prisoners. Among other things, due to the flamm of fire, a significant part of the premises received significant damage.

After this incident, the authorities decided to transfer prisoners to the renovated and expanded prison of Perth, and Fremantle turn into a museum. Now visitors can familiarize themselves with the history of prison and its inhabitants, but also to be married in the Anglican Church. In the building of the former hospital, the Children's Literary Club, the College of Arts and the Art Gallery of paintings created by prisoners during the art therapy sessions.

Pioneers in Kandala

The first here, as strange, began to link not the most accurate criminals. Just the prisons of Misty Albion turned out to be so crowded that it was decided to send all prisoners there without parsing - no matter whether he was a killer or a small fraudster. But the fate for those and others was one - shackles, the rail collar with spikes, the punishment in the form of a spanking of a flutter or the stay of the donaga and chained to the pole under the scorching rays of the sun. However, those who could pay to the warders not only did not spend the night in miserable shacks, and on the "presentation" of the authorities not suitable for physical work they could spend all the time in reluctant homes rebuilt.

Relative privileges also used women casions that were sent to a weaving factory located nearby. However, some of them traded by their body successfully married their permanent customers, often the same convicts.

How sit?

The main inventory of Australia today is quite fair called the Parramatt prison in the state of New South Wales, where the prisoners who have committed the greatest crimes are serving. We will return to this list, but for now it is worth noting that the inhabitants of this prison can afford such a physician that is not for the means of other ordinary taxpayers. For example, insert an artificial jaw, make a cosmetic surgery or even change the floor. The orders here were so liberal that the administration even allowed to receive parcels from the will with condoms for men and latex napkins for women, and even cell phones. However, as it turned out in 2005, very many prisoners, mostly from the number of "shaft fathers," tried to use mobile phones to lead their groups even because of the lattice. Only in one month, 17 cases of such negotiations were revealed by the Police Service of the Radio Hat. After that, the warders staged the cooking searches, the invertible cell phones. Notifying the inhabitants of the cameras tried to hide the tubes in different places. Men - disguised them in slices of bread, and women hiding them in ... intimate places. It turned out to fight with penetration into the chamber of this infection, so the director of the prison ordered the establishment of "muffler". It is curious that after the introduction of this ban in another Rimutac prison, the warders organized a business. Some sold the tubes to the ace, and the others later confiscated them after some time, and then they sold again.

It turned out that during the Christmas period, numerous Santa Clauses brought a variety of gifts. During the operation conducted by the prison authorities, only two weeks later have tens of cold weapons - knives, machete, sharpening and even (just in case) ladies' overhead acrylic nails.

Last year at the government level it was proposed to close this oldest penitentiary institution, founded in 1852, and turn it into hotel. But so far this year decided to reconstruct under residential and trade complexes Other prison of the nineteenth century - "Pentbridge".

Food prisoners in Russian standards can be equal to sanatorium. The menu claims to be internationally. Breakfast typically English: omelet, oatmeal, bacon, sausages, buns, coffee, tea or juices. But for lunch, prison chefs can offer dishes from Malay, Japanese or Chinese cuisine. Most of the diet occupies vegetables, receptions grown in utility prison economies. Especially developed agricultural production in the prison of the city of Benbery, from where the vegetables are supplied to other ostrich. For example, in 2008, a pumpkin weighing 135 kilograms was raised here, which not only received a prize at the product exhibition, but it was used as the main ingredient for soup, submitted for lunch in the inhabitants of this correctional institution.

Without the right to pardon

We will not stop in detail on the judicial system of Australia for the reason that it can be described as "legal chaos". Surprisingly, in this civilized country there is still no single Criminal Code. The only document that operates in the territory of all states, determines the degree of responsibility for the commission of state crimes. But at the level of counties and districts, the main legal documents, in accordance with which the classification of crimes is made, be it murder or small theft is special acts. Yes, in addition, and the judiciary itself is extremely confusing: the courts of county and counties exist in the country, the Magistrates (intermediate), the courts of small sessions, family - by part of the divorces. In Victoria, it even operates a special tribunal, which disassembles controversial questionsarising from construction. In several states there are "industrial" tribunals, carrying out arbitration in resolving conflicts between entrepreneurs. True, sentences in grave crimes come into force only after approval by the Supreme Court.

But the laws in the country are sufficient. Russians are expected to be in interest with interest, which amendments will be deputies to the laws, tightening responsibility for automotive phlegm, including for managing vehicle drunk. This problem in Australia has already decided. In October 2012, the ex-champion of kickboxing Gurcan Ozkon in Melbourne drove in his racing "Mazda" to a red traffic light at a speed of 180 kilometers per hour. So, the Court of County did not accept the fact that the trip ended without serious consequences, nor the fact that the Turks was an honorable guest in the Australian Association of Oriental Martial Arts. PDD violator was sentenced to 3.5 years in prison for a dangerous ride. And conditionally early liberation can occur only in two years.

And there is a category of condemned, who does not shine at all early release. This, firstly, the members of the gang of Mark Hayden from the town of Snowtown, serving a sentence in the PRRRAMATT Prison Special Block. The leader and three more of his accomplices were condemned for the fact that, starting from the mid-90s of the last century, they lured victims to the rented building of the former bank. After that, representatives of the so-called sexual minorities were killed after torture, and their bodies were dismemberd, and the remains were preserved in barrels. So, according to the leader, they "cleared the world from the badge." Hayden will spend behind the lattice of the rest of his life, his friends received a timeline from 26 to 48 years of imprisonment. That's just marked on the verdict "without the right to pardon."

In the same acagge, Barra John Wats and his girlfriend Valley Fay Back are being. These two idlers who have been industrialed by fraud and theft, smoking "herbs", decided to use for their sexy fun Seven-year-old Shioge King. When they struck in Australia, they kidnapped the girl in a small town of Nuza, and then wicked over her wasts killed the baby.

A peculiar zack of this prison was Vincent Farrou. At twenty, he organized a gang, which was engaged in robbees and murders, however, thanks to the efforts of lawyers, to prove the guilt of a young man as the leader of the criminal group failed. But the judge after all, intermitted to him a rapid period of 55 years in prison for ... participation in the sual sin, which was qualified as group rape through the efforts of the prosecution. As the general prosecutor of the state of Bob Dabus noted, this is the most severe sentence made in Australia for such an act.

But the most famous prison prison remains the great-grandfather Prime Minister of UK Winston Cherchil - Nicholas Bartan, who, having settled in Australia, did not find anything better, how to do the production of drugs ecstasy, delivering them not only in clubs and discos, but also in prisons. As a result of the police, its underground laboratory was eliminated by the police. Production of steel 55 kilograms of raw materials for the production of potions, stamping equipment and head of the production of New Zelandes Ross Woodrit. Both were sent for the grille, and their former buyers were in despondency for a long time. After the drill supply channel was blocked, for example, in the same Parramatt prison, where accomplices were accomplished, the prisoners began to breed the poisonous spiders "Black Widow", from the exhaust of which diluted with water, drugs were made.

And in the prison "Holburn prizon", it came to the fact that the administration of the prison, the desire of his wards to work in the greenhouses, was unpleasantly surprised to learn that the "agronomists" were grown there with a hemp, processed then in marijuana.

However, the prisoners were shortly grieved in the absence of "Duri". One of them came up with a brilliant plan. The fact is that one of the victims of Australia is the rapidly expanding area of \u200b\u200bfrogs, living insects, and on which total hunting is declared. So, the smart zek suggested the authorities to start tailoring shorts from the skin in the prison workshop. "Good" was obtained, the work was boiling, but the final product appeared on the light was in no hurry. It turned out that from the skin of a poisonous amphibian, the craftsmen digested the drug, which in terms of its qualities is not inferior to the drug LSD.

Caution, Al-Qaida!

Psychosis, which covered Europe and the United States in connection with the activities of terrorist organizations, did not bypassed Australia. They even identified for the content of such terrorists "Barvon" prison near Melbourne. For example, it spent nine children submitted by Great Britain Jack Rocher. An Englishman who accepted by Islam was accused of an attempt to organize a terrorist act at the Israeli Embassy. He himself, at the arrest, admitted that she was trained in one of the Al-Qaida camps in Pakistan and even met with Bin Laden.

Nevertheless, after serving the sentence, it was decided to make his early release with the condition that Jack would be regularly in a police station for registration, and his telephone conversations and communication via the Internet will be monitored by Australian counterintelligence. Much less lucky to another "Australian Islamist", a taxi driver Joseph Thomson. He was convicted for 25 years for participating in the preparation of the explosion at nuclear power plants. The term did not succeed completely, since in April 2006 he was scored to death by the models.

By the way, from this prison committed the most extravagant zek. Robert Cole, in order to gain freedom, did in the Wall of Laz, but because of the completeness, he could not squeeze through it. And then he sat on a diet. After several months of starvation, he lost 14 kilograms, and then carried out a conceived escape.

Sergey Uranov
According to the newspaper
"Behind the bars" (№5 2013)

Correctional Center in the Australian city of Goulburn local residents They just call the "sphere". He enjoys the glory of the most terrible prison in the country. It is here that the most harmonious criminals are serviced - rapists, killers, sadists. British journalists managed to see a gloomy institution from the inside.

The correctional center in the Australian city of Goulburn is 90 kilometers from Canberra and in 195 kilometers from Sydney Local called simply "sphere". And also - "Human Zoo". In these cell cells, the most dangerous criminals of Australia are mainly killer and rapist.
The building of the prison in Goulburn was built back in the XIX century. Soon the institution will celebrate the 150th anniversary.
Each wing of the prison contains about 30 prisoners. The criminals are divided into national signs: the natives of Asia, the Middle East and Australian Aborigines live separately from each other. Killers and rapists hold together, in a separate wing.
The prisoner Matthew de Greet is serving in the "sphere" 28-year term for the murder of mother, brother and sisters. He recently participated in the attack on two prisoners, as a result of which the victims were sent to the prison hospital with fractures and brain damage.
Ivan Milat's serial killer, sentenced in 1996 to six life imprisonments, was unsuccessful tried to escape from the "sphere".
Thomas Hudson Wilson was a partner of Milal for an unsuccessful run. He fell into the sphere for the brutal beating of a woman with iron scrap. Wilson broke the victim of the face, interrupted his arms and legs. As the judge stated on the process, it will never be able to fully recover from injuries. The capture of the criminal did not take much time: due to the complete absence of hair on the head and the Wilson's body, the victim easily identified the criminal.
Hamby Bassham is the most, perhaps guarded criminal of Australia, Islamist and the leader of the organized criminal group of Assassins. After a few years of his stay in prison, it turned out that Hamzi successfully persuades other prisoners to accept Islam and safely taxed the affairs of a criminal group, while behind bars.
A poster with an emblem of his group "Assassins" - "Killers" - Hamzi kept in his cell.
Gate to hell is the main entrance to the Goulban Correctional Center. At these gates is located both the main building of the prison and the Special Supermax Corps for the most dangerous prisoners. It is there who serves the term Bassham Hamzy.
Mohammed Skaf was only 17 years old when he, after he, was in a youth criminal group, who had committed a number of brutal rapes of young residents of Sydney.
Bilal Skaf is now 31 years old. It is serving in the "sphere" 33-year-old term on charges of several rape.
There are always tensions between prisoners in prison, joint walks in the courtyards often end with fights and violence. The picture is homemade weapons selected by the protection of prisoners. Knives and sharpening make from any submitted items - comb, brushes, any metal objects found in prison.
The murderer Leith Marcant, serving the term in the "sphere" under the influence of the Bassama Hamzi appealed to Islam. Now he sleeps on the head of the floor of the camera and, as the warders say, constantly puts the plans of escape.
Mark Wang Crepel killed three men, paying and decorating his first sacrifice.
Vestor Fernando went to jail for killing Sandra's nurse choir. Already being behind bars, he killed his own cousin, who also turned out in the "sphere."
Lindsay Rose's serial killer was caught making duplicate keys from prison door. As it turned out, he was preparing to kill the guards.
The main building of the Goulburn correctional center was built in 1884.
The Australian Queen of Beauty Anita Cobbi Five Criminals kidnapped after a shift in the hospital, where she worked as a nurse. Anita was taken to the wasteland in the north of Sydney, brutally raped and killed, almost completely pouring off the girl's head. This crime was committed in 1986. Three accomplices of murder, Michael Brothers, Harry and Leslie Murphy, and today are serving the term for killing Anita Cobby in the Goulburn Correctional Center.
20-year-old Janin Bolding was raped and killed on one of railway stations Sydney in 1988. Her killer, a former tramp Stephen Jameson, now has a permanent residence in the "sphere".
Victims of the serial killer Aivan Milat. Basically, they became young tourists who traveled in Australia. Milat is very preferable to the conditions of its content: so when he selected a sandwich, he arranged a grand scandal and even declared a hunger strike, which, however, lasted less than two days.
Killer Janin Bolding Stephen Jameson on the nicknamed "Korotka": the growth of the killer and the rapist is just 147 centimeters. He is in
Killers Anita Cobby, Murphy Brothers: Lesli ...
... Harry ...
... and Michael. The brothers sentenced to life imprisonment will not leave the "sphere" until the end of life.
Goulburn is located in the south of Australia, in the new South Wales, 90 kilometers from the capital of the country, Canberra, and 195 kilometers from Sydney.
Farhad Quaums have repeatedly tried to arrange unrest in prison. So, he planned to flood the camera, calling for one-samplers to join him, escape from behind the lattice and start killing protection. For killing guards, he has already prepared a self-made knife when it was caught.
And this weapon was selected from visitors who were trying to bring him prisoners during the dates. Of course, rushing the weapon into the stroke prison territory is prohibited. If a visitor finds any weapon, it is removed, and the violators immediately arrest.
The killer Guy Stains in prison accepted Islam.
The mentally defective killer Craig Richardson, having sharpened from the details from the prison simulators, tried to arrange a fire in his camera to lure guards and attack them. As pronounced to violence, Richardson was translated into the Supermax Corps for particularly dangerous criminals.
Guards of the Goulburn Correctional Center almost every day of the prisoners and their guests of drugs, cold weapons, mobile phones and sims for them.
The serial rapist Bilal Skaf in the meeting room with the parents is the father of Mustafow and the mother of Baria. Later, Barium was worn in that he tried to endure the notes from prison from prison, which Bilal sent with her to the will to bypass the prison censorship. After this baria, dates with the son were banned.
Ronald was attracted, the killer, serving the term in the "sphere", has already taken part in the riots and the attacks on prison guard.
In the picture, the police endure the bodies of the victims of the serial killer of Isaen Milayl from Bellaglo Forest in the new South Wales. Milat himself will never leave the walls of the "sphere".

Each mainland, every country and the state is amazing, wonderful and unique. On any continent, every nation has its own characteristics, traditions and which will be very interesting for any tourist. Thanks to these features, a bright and complete idea of \u200b\u200bone or another area is also folded.

This article presents useful and very interesting facts about Australia.

Continent Country

Australia is a very big country. She ranks sixth in the world in terms of its territory. She is so huge that it takes a whole continent. Its territory takes more than seven million square kilometers.

Interesting Facts about Australia concerning geographical location Countries are undoubtedly three oceans. The mainland is washed immediately by Indian, quiet and southern.

The huge part of the country is occupied by deserts and semi-desert areas. The most famous of them are large sandy and Victoria. From a bird's eye view, Australia looks like a bladder and red desert.

The country is really considered the most arid continent, since only 500 mm of precipitation falls here per year.

But despite all this, the mainland is in the top ten countries in the world in terms of quality and level of living.

The most famous Australian animal is a kangaroo. It is a symbol of the country. They are complete in Australia. When it darkens, they are attracted by light headlights, go on highways and jump under the wheels of cars. Therefore, Australians even have a special sign "Kangaroo" to prevent drivers about the danger on the road. Mostly Australian small kangaroo - up to 60 centimeters. But there are more individuals more - up to 3 meters.

The most dangerous animals of Australia are crocodiles. Northern part Countries just teach them. And almost no weeks, as accidents involving these animals occur. Alligators simply devour people who came across them. Crocodiles on the continent are full. The most famous - Australian salted. It is found in salty sea water And is the largest of all species presented on Earth. An adult crocodile can weigh a ton (!) And reach 3-4 meters in length.

It is quite well known terrible stories about the predatory poisonous hundreds of people die. However, this is just a bike. Since 1979, in Australia, not a single person died from Spider bite. So you can be calm.

The same applies to the shark. At the coast of the Australian continent, they are not uncommon. Yes, they are dangerous, but if they behave carefully and not provoke them, then everything will cost. Sharks - non-conflict creatures, they never attack the first.

What other animals are varied Australia? Interesting facts about its inhabitants, you will learn if visiting local zoos. For example, have you ever heard of an animal called "Vombat"? And this is the continent. Little guinea pig, which externally looks very similar to wild boar. Do you know about the Tasmansk devil? This is the Australian breed of dogs, resembling French Bulldog.

River Life

The largest river Australia is Murray. It proceeds in the eastern part of the continent and reaches 2570 kilometers. His beginning of the river takes in the Australian Alps, and flows into Indian Ocean. On the way to the sea, it proceeds through the most different environments: cities, agricultural land, etc.

The largest river Australia is the most "live" of all reservoirs. Frogs and fish, and ducks, and crayfish, and snakes, and many other animals live here. The river is so diverse that every representative of the animal world can find the place for himself here. In pure crystal waters, proud swans float, and frog cooks and snakes and lizards are rocked in wetlands.

The Murray River is found a wide variety of fish: trout, cod, golden perch, Australian Koryushka, Pescari and many others.

Above the mountains of only mountains

Interesting facts about Australia are undoubtedly the lowest and highest geographical points. So, on the one hand, the continent is below sea level, if compared to other land sushi territories. The lowest point is Lake Air (15 meters below sea level). By the way, it is the most dry in the world. It is covered with a thick four-meter salt layer, and there is absolutely no water.

On the other hand, there are Alps here, in which the most high mountain In Australia - Kostyutko (2228 meters). This is the highest point of the green continent.

Why is the highest mountain in Australia, is the name of the Polish General and the Hero of Belarus Tadeusch Kostyuto? The fact is that its discovery was made by the Polish geologist of Strokenets in 1840. By the way, it was originally so not called, but I wore the name Townsend. "Kositko" - it was a neighboring mountain, which was then considered the highest. But later, when it was scientifically proven that the Townsend is 20 meters higher, the Australians changed the names of the mountains to highest point Wore the name of the hero of Poland. They made it as a sign of respect for the discoverer.

City life

The most Australia is Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane and Hobat. And none of the listed capital. The fact is that the capital of Australia - Canberra is a very small city. It lives a little more than 350 thousand people.

The largest Australian city is Sydney. It lives about five million people. Next comes Melbourne with a population of about four million. By the way, Melbourne was previously the capital of Australia. Today this city is only the cultural capital of the continent. In Brisbane, a large industrial center of the mainland - about two million inhabitants live. In Perth and Adelaide - one and a half million.

Gastronomic facts

What can the travelers agree to Australia? Interesting facts about the culinary characteristics of the country can also be bypass. First of all, you should talk about the traditional Australian dish - mesadis. The name sounds mysteriously, isn't it? And in fact, everything is much easier. These are ordinary yeasts, smeared on fresh bread. A sharp smell of brown mass and her salty taste will fall to taste far from every traveler. What you can not say about the Australians themselves, who simply adore their traditional "pate".

Another unusual edible feature of the country is patties in the shape of a basket. Inside - meat filling. And looks beautiful, and tastes nice.

Sydney sights

One of the most amazing and excellent buildings in the world is the Sydney Opera House. His discovery took place in 1973 by the orders of Queen Victoria. This unusual building is considered to be rightfully the most beautiful building of the twentieth century.

The television tower in Sydney is the highest design of all southern her height striking - 309 meters in height! Thousands of visitors rose annually to the tower to admire the panorama of the city from the sightseeing platform, opening up the heights and the largest bridge in the world - Harbor Bridge.

Also in Sydney is the largest aquarium in the world. His huge amount of submarine tunnels will not leave anyone indifferent. There is something to see - more than six thousand species of various representatives of the sea depths at your service!

What else to see in Australia?

The most important attraction of the continent is a big barrier reef. This is a real miracle of nature. The most huge system of coral reefs in the world. 900 islands stretched to a huge territory - more than 3,000 kilometers. By the way, it is here on one of the islands the most remote mailbox is located.

Another natural miracle of Australia is the pink cause of his scarlet, scientists cannot explain so far.

Local residents

Interesting facts about Australia You will tell the residents of the continent. By the way, Europeans live here - more than 90 percent of the entire population. Mostly it is the Irish and British.

The inhabitants themselves call themselves a funny nickname "Ozzy." They also refer to the American dollar. Strange, do they really associate themselves with money? But we do not understand this.

By the way, there are still aborigines in Australia. They occupy five percent of the entire population. These dark-skinned Australians live in remote reservations and settlements.

Australians are a very fun people. They love to joke and laugh. And in general, they seek to live and breathe full of breasts. Probably, therefore they are so friendly and hospitable. In addition, they love to travel very much. Not only in its continent, but in general throughout the light.

Every year, a wide variety of international holidays are arranged in Australia to attract foreign guests.

Unusual facts

1. Only in Australia there is a medical service "Flying doctor". They only provide urgent assistance to the patients living in the locality distant from the city. This service is a kind of symbol of the country. After all, she speaks of a high level of medicine and life at all.

2. Australia - country sheep. In 2000, there were more than 100 million of these animals in the country. It turns out that the number of "sheep population" is five times higher than human.

3. Here is the most huge pasture in the world. Still would! After all, in Australia so much sheep! And they must also graze somewhere. The most huge pasture is called Anna Creek and occupies a territory of 35,000 square kilometers.

4. Increasing capital. Canberra is a small town and unremarkable. Unlike Sydney or Melbourne. Then why is she? This is a kind of compromise. The city is exactly in the middle between Melbourne and Sydney. As they say, there is no disagreement.

5. In the mountains of Australia Snow more than in the Swiss Alps. The fact is that in the territory of the Australian Alps there is a huge amount of snow, much more than in Switzerland. Therefore, winter holidays is very popular here.

6. Continent of prisoners. Australia was discovered by Great Britain and became her colony. England used a distant island for the reference of criminals. Therefore, those who have survived the long-term sailing in the dirty shipprokes actually became the first inhabitants of this country. So a quarter of the Australian population is the descendants of British prisoners.

7. The largest part of Antarctic is owned by Australia. In 1933, the Antarctic Territory of Australia was officially transferred to it by England. This is a huge area - about six million square kilometers.

Australia: Interesting Facts for Children

1. This green continent was opened by James Cup in 1770.

2. The most common animal in Australia is a kangaroo. It dwells the most huge number of snakes around the world.

3. Australia is the smallest continent. At the same time, it is the most big island in the world.

4. In Australia they speak english language. And there are mostly Europeans here. Although the indigenous population is found - aborigines.

5. The main architectural value of the continent - Sydney Opera House. It is built directly in the harbor and is surrounded with water from three sides. The roof of the building resembles a ship with sails or swan wings.

Sue Paull photographed prisoners of the most famous prisons of Australia for 15 years when they taught them art. Her stunning photos show the world of murderers and rapists, hidden behind bars.

Before becoming a prison teacher of art and photographer, Paul worked in the school system, whose rules did not like her. When she came to classes with particularly dangerous prisoners, he felt rather ease.

Under her leadership, hundreds of prisoners painted paintings, made clay dishes and sculptures, which were later exposed to Long-Bay's prison and in many overseas gallery.

While working in the penitentiary system, the half began to photograph prisoners, first only in the midst of the studio, and after and outside it. Its stunning black and white pictures make it possible to look into the hidden world of Australia prisons in the period between 1993 and the end of the 2000s.

Using in many of its photos a documentary style, half, however, draws attention to beautiful images, such as the tattoos of prisoners and their physical strength, which is extremely necessary for survival behind the bars.

Terry prisoner stands in front of one of his paintings called "Long Bay Hilton Foyer".

Prisoner at the gym in the Long-Bay correctional complex in 1993 during daily exercise, which many prisoners do to maintain a proper form in rather dangerous prison conditions.

Jane's officer in full equipment in the correctional center of Gulburn, where in 2002 the officer's female officer saved the officers during the uprising of prisoners, having received knurless injuries and severe head injuries.

The prisoner Tom Foster shows its powerful physique and tattoos while working in the workshop of garden statues in the prison of the general regime of Silveruwner, where he was transferred from Long-Bay prison.

The attendant jailer in 1996 on the top tier of the Parramatta correctional center, which opened in 1798 and was closed in 2011, the old destroyed prison of sandstone, sising rats.

Amanda and Michael in 1993 in Long-Bay prison, one of the 34 correctional centers of the new South Wales, where transgender relations are part of the prison life.

The convicted killer Jeffrey Websdale, whom Sue Poll describes as an "excellent specialist," next to one of his works in Long-Bay prison in 2004. In 1989, being an intern on the combine, he shot two and wounded two people in the combiner camp, earning the maximum 25-year-old statement.

Waene Brown prisoner, dressed in prison green training pants, poses for a prison art and photographer Sue Paul inside the Long-Bay correctional complex in 1997. Poll Interested in his tattoos, including the word "mother" ("MUM") on the right hand.

Barbed wire and steel bars emitted the gate in the old part of the Long-Bay correctional complex in 1997, where they were placed on particularly dangerous prisoners, including murderers and rapists. Later, the prison began to take less dangerous criminals.

Andrew's concluded in the Statues of Statues in Silveruwer Prison in 1997, during one of the final stages before leaving freedom.

Prisoner without shirt takes a sun bath in Long-Bay prison in 1994

Armed jailer in the 8th tower of the Long-Bay correctional complex in 1997. Only guards in the tower can wear a weapon and, if necessary, shoot in fugitives or rebuilders.

Long-Bay prisoner is engaged in sports in the courtyard in 1993.

The jailers woman at the gate of the Long-Bay correctional complex in 2007, through which all the guards must pass to get into the work part of the prison.

Prisoners make a variety of sharpening and from any found pieces of metal and even from the toothbrushes.

Steve prisoner shows his tattoos in the Long Bay correctional center in Sydney in 1994.

Isolated courtyards in Parkle's correctional center in 1996 for cruel and violent prisoners.

Prisoner in Long Bay Prison gym in 1994.

Sue Poll worked with the prisoners a teacher of art. She found creative talents in hundreds of particularly dangerous criminals.

Sue Paul photographed tattoos of some prisoners.

Wedding between a woman and prisoners in the Long-Bay correctional complex in 1996, before the authorities banned weddings in prisons with a maximum security level. Few, which take place behind bars, should now be allowed by the Commissioner.

Some of the tattoos are quite difficult to decipher.

A concluded Tom Foster in the Long-Bay correctional complex in 1997 at his picture depicted a flower.

The interior of the 9th wing of Long-Bat prison in 1997 shows chambers doors during the reconstruction period, when their inhabitants were resettled into other prisons.

An official with a cigarette in the teeth, who led wage records, posing for Sue Paul in Long-Bay prison in 1993.

Armed with a rifle Woman guard in the Gulburn correctional center in 2004, two years after the rebellion, when 30 prisoners with improvised weapons attacked staff, wounding seven guards and almost killing one.

Prisoner-Aboriginal Doug Pier with one of his paintings. His works are now in collections in Canada, USA, France and Great Britain.

Clothes of prisoners hanging on the railing in the Batters correctional center in 2000.

Young prisoner Simon in Long Bay prison in 1993.

Aborigine Jason stands in the shadow of barbed wire from his large-scale painting near the middlewood in Long-Bay prison in 1999.

The former once a huge prison, Australia now ranks first in the global rating of happiness.

The history of modern Australia began in 1606, when the reckless Dutch captain Janszon moored to unknown land and called it "New Zealand" - in honor of the Dutch province.

Here this name did not fit, but subsequently went to the east of Australia to the east of Australia. Dutch was not taken: the local population met their hostile, several sailors died. Having gave the order to raise anchor, the captain wrote in the ship's journal: "nothing good can be done there."

I confirmed this conclusion and its compatriot Captain Carstenz: "These shores are unsuitable for life, they are inhabited by poor and miserable creatures."

The biggest prison in the world

Well, the Dutch has always been good sailors, but completely no warriors. Other business of the British. James Cook sent to spread the power of the crown on unknown land - he distributed. The English colonists walked to the fire and sword the English colonists on the Australian coast. The Dutch was probably seen in this only confirmation of the words of Captain Janson.

In those years, it has already become clear that the United Kingdom bit off more landWhat could really master. The only application that was found for Australia is beautiful, well isolated from civilized (thousands of miles) prison.

Already 18 years after the first visit, Cook ashore was landed by those who subsequently be delicately called "unfinless passengers on the courts of Her Majesty" - the convicts. Several tens of thousands of embittered people, often seriously patients who have been having sold people who have configured the aborigines and those who have become unknown in Australia diseases - became the basis of the future of the Australian society.

FOR REFERENCE : Now, in the 10s of the XXI century, Australia ranks first in the world ranking of Better Life Index's happiness from organizing economic cooperation and development. GDP per capita raises for 45 thousand dollars - a place in the first world ten, from large countries ahead of only the United States. 84% of Australians answer that "much more often" is experiencing positive emotions than negative.

How, damn it, did they do it?

At one time Australia (as well as New Zealand) I started climbing gold and wool. Sheep began to breed another convicts, and later it became literally a national occupation ("Australia jumps riding a sheep") and until the end of World War II ensured the main influx of funds to the country. Suffice it to say that in the 1880s, a unique "dog fence" was built here more than 5 thousand kilometers long (with more than enough, to overwrite the European part of Russia from north to south), protecting pastures from Dingo's dogs.

Like New Zealand, Australia survived the Golden Boom in the 1870s. But if the easily accessible deposits quickly depleted, then in general, Australian reserves were not overlooking so far. This is a real world pantry: almost the entire table of Mendeleev is mined here.

Australia has provided its actual independence from the British Crown of Australia thanks to ... Meat Freezing Technologies. After it became possible to export not only wool, but also other parts of the sheep, a country with a well-developed agriculture could simply ignore London. And the British had enough wisdom not to start a military operation for a thirty lands: in the air already smelled of the first world.

Yes, and there were little chances for victory. After all, it was the peculiar contingent of the first settlers played a role in the success of Australia. Courage, endurance, perseverance, ability to physical laborinitially, Australian trumps in front of the fryed Europe were originally.

There was no happiness, yes war helped

And then the world wars thundered, which prettyly enriched by Australia remote from conflict - both in high demand for raw materials and human capital: thousands of qualified specialists left the mobilization, fighting.

It must be said that they took not everyone: until the 1970s dominated the concept of "White Australia", and, let's say, the Asian entrance was virtually closed. Only when the level of education in Asia rose to more or less decent, the prohibition was removed - and now the immigrants from China, Indochina, India play an important role in the country.

Rich subsoil, wonderful climate southern coastMultipled to the harsh protestant ethics (her traces and are now traced in the country, although most of its inhabitants are no longer religious), they helped make a blooming edge from an unwriting continent. Problems in Australia, like everywhere, quite a lot - now, say, this is the confrontation of Muslim expansion (more precisely, a lifestyle, which is brought with me migrants), but it is difficult to doubt that the Australians will cope with this to their misfortune. This is not Europe, everything is more serious here and easier.