Physical and geographical characteristics of the Black Sea. Coastline of the Black Sea: description and features

06.03.2020

The Black Sea, connecting through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits, as well as the Marmara and Mediterranean seas with the Atlantic Ocean, is strategically important for Russia. The coastline was conquered by the state, some territories remain the subject of disputes today.

Russian Black Sea coast

(Black Sea coast with resort towns Of Russia)

The length of the Russian coastline The Black Sea today is 1200 km. It starts with Caucasus mountains, continues along the coastal strip from Taman to Adler, and includes the Crimean coast.

Its relief is represented by the mountains of the Caucasus and the South Coast of the Crimea, lowlands and estuaries, mainly in the eastern part, as well as steep ledges. In general, the line is weakly indented, there is only one peninsula - Crimea. There are no islands in the Black Sea.

Russia's exit to the Black Sea

For the first time, Russia began to claim access to the Black Sea with the appropriation of coastal lands in the 18th century. It was a victorious war with Turkey, the result of which was the conquest of Anapa and Crimean peninsula... After that, at the beginning of the 19th century, the settlement of the conquered lands by the Slavs began.

Crimea was given to Ukraine immediately after the collapse of the USSR, but in 2014 the entire peninsula, including the Crimean Black Sea coast, was re-incorporated into Russia, and is the subject of disputes with Ukraine and the Western world.

Characteristics of the Black Sea

Depth: maximum 2210 m

average temperature water (Black sea coast, Russia): Winter 7.7 ° C, Summer 19 - 24 ° C

Coast: pebbles, gravel, sand and steep stone banks

Climate: mostly continental, the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and Tuapse have a milder subtropical climate

The location of the Russian coastline the Black Sea coast and landscape features led to the formation of three climatic zones at once:

humid subtropical;
Mediterranean;
temperate marine.

The underwater world of the Black Sea is represented by dolphins and a species of shark - katrana. The latter are not dangerous for people. Among the commercial fish found in the coastal waters, it is worth noting the flounder, goby and mullet.

Cities on the Black Sea in Russia

(Dune sandy shores Anapa)

Most of the cities on the Russian Black Sea coast have the status of resorts, due to the availability of appropriate resources and climatic conditions on the territory.

Anapa... The most western settlement among the cities of the mainland part of the Russian Black Sea coast. At one time, the capture of the Anapa fortress allowed the Russian government to exercise control over the Black Sea. Today, it is a resort town.

Novorossiysk... The city does not have a resort status, despite the annual number of tourists. The settlement is surrounded on all sides by the mountains of the Caucasian ridge, but not high. The same relief is characteristic of the vicinity of Gelendzhik. The height of the mountains in the Gelendzhik region is greater.

Tuapse... It is the starting point of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The resort is surrounded by high mountains.

Sochi... The largest and most equipped resort Russian Federation... Known all over the world. The length of the Greater Sochi coastline is over 100 km.

Kerch... The most east point Crimean coast. The city is located at the junction of the Black and Sea of Azov... There is a ferry in Kerch that connects the peninsula with the mainland of Russia.

(Stone coast of the Crimean peninsula)

Yalta... The world famous resort city with a mild climate. Located surrounded by the high Crimean mountains.

Sevastopol... A city with federal status. In its bays is based Black Sea Fleet Russian Navy. The city does not have the status of a resort, its infrastructure is designed to serve the base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.

Evpatoria... Most Big City from the western side of the Crimean coast. It is a health resort. There are many children's recreation centers and hospitals here. It is a recognized balneological resort.

In the north through Kerch Strait connects with the Azov Sea. A large area of land - the Crimean Peninsula - cuts deep into the sea surface. On the banks of the reservoir there are countries such as Russia, Georgia, Abkhazia (partially recognized state), Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine.

Geographic data

According to the US gazetteer, the Black Sea area is 436.4 thousand square meters. km (168.5 thousand sq. miles). Maximum depth is 2,212 meters (7,257 ft). Average depth corresponds to 1240 meters (4067 feet). Overall volume salt water is 547 thousand cubic meters. km. The greatest length from west to east is 1175 km. The maximum length from north to south is 580 km. The reservoir is notable for the fact that at a depth of more than 150 meters there is no life due to the saturation of deep waters with hydrogen sulfide.

The coastline is slightly indented. Its total length is 3.4 thousand km. There are large bays, such as Sinop, Samsun, Feodosia, Varnensky, Tendrovsky, Burgas, Kalamitsky, Yagorlytsky. In the northern and northwestern regions, estuaries overflow at the confluence of rivers. There are many swampy and brackish areas. The western and north-western coasts are low-lying, in places there are cliffs.

In the south and east, the spurs of the Pontic and Caucasian mountains rise to the sea. In Crimea, the coast is low, only the southern part of the peninsula is remarkable for its mountainous shores. A similar relief is observed on the Tarkhankut Peninsula in the western part of Crimea.

Islands

There are few islands. The largest island is Dzharylgach with an area of 62 sq. km. It is part of the Skadovsky district of the Kherson region. It is washed by two bays - Dzharylgachsky and Karkinitsky. Since 2009, a national nature park has been located on the island.

Other islands include Serpentine. It is part of the Odessa region, has a cruciform shape, and its area is 20.5 hectares. On this piece of land is the village of Beloe.

Another large island is called Berezan. It is located in the sea at a distance of 8 km from the city of Ochakov. Belongs to the Nikolaev region. It stretches for 1 km in length and 500 meters in width. The island is uninhabited and has the status of a historical and archaeological reserve at the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Black Sea on the map

Rivers

Such large European rivers as the Danube, Dnieper and Dniester flow into a huge salt reservoir. In addition to them, Inguri, Mzymta, Rioni, Kodor flow into the sea from the east. They originate from the Bolshoi Caucasian ridge... Sakarya, Chorokh, Yeshilyrmak flow into the southern part of the reservoir. The Chorokh River flows into the territory of Georgia, and the other two in the territory of Turkey.

Southern Bug carries its waters into northern part reservoir. This river flows entirely through the territory of Ukraine. It has a length of 806 km. In the west, the sea is fed by the Bulgarian rivers Veleka and Kamchia.

The annual flow is approximately 310 cubic meters. km. At the same time, 80% of all water is provided by the Dnieper and Danube. It should be noted that the reservoir has a positive water balance. The net outflow of water is 300 cubic meters. km per year. Water flows through the Bosphorus into the Sea of Marmara and further into the Aegean and Mediterranean. At the same time, there is a bilateral hydrological exchange. More salty and warmer water flows from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea.

Cities

There are many large cities on the seaside. The largest of these is Istanbul (Turkey) with a population of 13.6 million. In second place is Odessa (Ukraine) with a population of 1 million people. The third place is occupied by the Turkish city of Samsun with a population of 535.4 thousand people.

This is followed by the Bulgarian Varna. It has 474 thousand inhabitants. The fifth place belongs to the hero city of Sevastopol with a population of 379 thousand people. Then there are Sochi (Russia) - 343.3 thousand people, Trabzon (Turkey) - 305 thousand people, Constanta (Romania) - 284 thousand people, Novorossiysk (Russia) - 242 thousand people, Burgas (Bulgaria) - 224 thousand inhabitants.

On the Black Sea beach

Climate

The climate prevailing over the reservoir largely depends on Atlantic Ocean... It is above it that those cyclones arise, which then bring rains and storms to the sea. Cold air masses come from the north. Warm winds blow from the southwest. All this variety forms hot and dry summer weather. As for the winter, it is warm and humid.

Winter temperatures range from minus 1 to plus 5 degrees Celsius. Very rarely, it drops to minus 10 degrees Celsius. Snow falls only in the northern regions. The average summer temperature is 24-25 degrees Celsius. At its maximum, it rises to 37 degrees Celsius. The warmest part of the coast is the Caucasus, where the average annual temperature equals 17 degrees Celsius.

In the southern part of the Black Sea, the climate is milder than in the northern one. It is also less wet. Precipitation falls more evenly. They are possible not only in winter, but also in summer. Black sea water does not freeze in winter. Only once every few decades in the northern regions, the water can be covered with ice in a too cold winter. The average water temperature is 7-8 degrees Celsius.

Ecology

In general, the ecological situation in the reservoir is unfavorable. Many polluted rivers flow into the sea, as well as runoff from the fields, saturated with nitrates and phosphates. This provokes the growth of phytoplankton. The transparency of the water decreases, multicellular algae die. Waters are polluted with oil products, sewage, construction waste. V recent times the number of dolphins, tuna, mackerel has noticeably decreased. But a lot of jellyfish appeared. Currently, they are the main living organisms of the Black Sea waters.

Some experts believe that over the past 10 years, the ecological situation of the reservoir has deteriorated. There is even an opinion that the Black Sea waters are among the dirtiest in the world.

In accordance with this, an international convention on the environmental protection of the Black Sea has been adopted. It was signed by six countries whose territories are in contact with the reservoir. An environmental program has been developed, which should give positive results in the near future.

(Characteristics of the Black Sea, the composition of water in the Black Sea, Black Sea and Ancient Greece, rivers flowing into the Black Sea, Black Sea bays, rest on the Black Sea, vegetation and animal world Black Sea)
Black Sea located in mid-latitudes, approximately between 41 and 47 degrees north latitude and 28 and 42 degrees east longitude. The northern shores belong to Ukraine, the eastern ones belong to Russia, Georgia and Abkhazia, the southern ones belong to Turkey, the western ones belong to Romania and Bulgaria. For almost 400 km, the Black Sea washes Krasnodar region, having a beneficial effect on its climate. Through the straits Bosphorus, Dardanelles and through Sea of marmara the Black Sea waters merge with the Mediterranean, and through Kerch Strait with Sea of Azov.

Black Sea has been known to mankind since ancient times! Over the millennia and centuries, it has changed several names. The first Greek sailors called him Pont Aksinsky, that is, inhospitable. However, later the ancient Greeks changed their mind and began to call him Pont Aksinsky, that is hospitable sea... In Russia in the old days Black Sea called Pontic, and Russian by the sea.

Scientists explain the modern name in different ways. Some - the Turks called Karadeniz(as a football player of FC Rubin), that is, the inhospitable "Black" sea, because all the conquerors who came to its shores received a decisive rebuff from the tribes inhabiting it. the time of the storm gets dark in it. And there is a third version, which is connected with the fact that metal objects lowered to the great depth of the Black Sea turn black under the influence of hydrogen sulfide.

The ancient Greeks who sailed along the Black Sea coast, saw here the settlements of the Scythians, Taurus, and in the east - Kolkhs. The Greeks named the Black Sea coast of Kavakaz by the names of these tribes. Colchis, Crimea - Tavridoy, and the Northern Black Sea region - Scythia.

Bays of the Black Sea

There are few bays in the Black Sea, the largest of them Odessa, Karkinitsky, Kalamitsky, Feodosia, Tamansky and Sinopsky... Coast Krasnodar Territory extremely scarce in some of the bays, except for Gelendzhik and Novorossiysk (bays). From the bays for receiving ships, the most convenient Tsemesskaya and Gelendzhik.

The Black Sea is poor in islands, the largest is Serpentine(0.17 sq. Km). Of the peninsulas, the most significant are Crimean, Kerch and Taman.

Characteristics of the Black Sea

The total area of the Black Sea is 413,488 sq km. The volume of water is 537,000 cubic meters. km. The sea is deep depression oblong in shape with a fairly flat bottom and steep slopes (from 6 to 20 degrees). Maximum depth 2245 m, average 1271 m.

They flow into the Black Sea Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug, Dnieper, Rioni, Chorokh, and within the Krasnodar Territory - over 80 small rivers. Half of the river flow falls on the Danube. The annual runoff from land to the Black Sea is 400 cubic meters. km, the same amount evaporates from the sea surface. The Black Sea receives 175 cubic meters per year. km of salty Mediterranean water and 66 cu. km of Azov water of low salinity.

Most of all, the Black Sea water contains sodium chloride (77.8% of the total salt content), magnesium chloride (10.9%), calcium sulfate (3.6%) .. In addition, the Black Sea water contains about 60 more chemical elements: iodine, bromine, silver, radium etc.

The Black Sea is the warmest in our country. Temperature in the Black Sea in winter in the open part + 6..7 degrees of heat, in the south + 8..10, in the northwestern part it often drops to -1 and ice fast ice forms there. In summer, the water temperature is on average +24 degrees, near Sochi it can warm up to +28 degrees. At a depth of 50-70 meters, the temperature is stable at + 6-7 degrees.

Surface currents in the Black Sea are weak, their speed usually does not exceed 0.5 m / s. The main causes of surface currents are river runoff and wind.

The ebb and flow in the Black and Azov Seas are very weak. Their amplitude is 3-10 cm. The secular changes in sea level - an increase of 20-50 cm in a hundred years.

During storms in the Black Sea, waves up to 10 m high and 150 m long develop. Typically, wave sizes are much smaller.

The force of the waves hitting the shore is enormous. In the Sochi region, it reaches 20 tons per 1 sq. m.

The flora of the Black Sea quite rich and varied. There are thickets of brown algae in the coastal waters - cystorises... On sandy and muddy shoals, there are whole underwater fields of sea grass - zosters... Deeper there are vast thickets of red algae - phyllophores.

Fauna of the Black Sea It is very diverse, but due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide, it is concentrated mainly in the upper 200-meter layer of water. There are sharks in the Black Sea - katran but they are harmless. Of the large mammals in the Black Sea, there are many dolphins - bottlenose dolphins and gray dolphins, they often swim to the very shore and swim among vacationers.

Holidays on the Black Sea you can choose to taste - you can, like 30 years ago, with grandmothers in folding beds, or in expensive hotels. Almost all cities and towns on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory are built up with private hotels. The prices in them are cheaper to fly to Turkey. The summer season on the Black Sea begins in mid-May and ends at the end of October. In Sochi, in some years you can swim until mid-November.

Ancient Greece and the Black Sea

Black sea in ancient times

During the era of the Great Greek colonization on the coast Black sea many cities were built, which by the beginning of the 5th century BC. have become economically stable policies closely related to city-states Aegean Greece... The largest of them were Heraclea of Pontic and Sinop on south coast(modern Turkey), Apolonia and Istria- in the west (respectively modern Bulgaria and Romania), Olbia, Theodosia, Panticapaeum and Phanagoria- in the north (modern - the first two Ukraine, Fanagoria - Russia, Krasnodar Territory), Dioscuriada and Phasis on east coast Black Sea (modern. Russia and Georgia (or Abkhazia)).

Materials for abstracts on the Black Sea.

Black Sea coastline

The Black Sea is located in the northern temperate belt of the Earth, stretching from north to south between points with coordinates 46 °, 32 ′ and 40 ° 55 ′ north latitude.

But if we bear in mind the climatic features, then the coastline of the Black Sea belongs to two zones. North and west coast correspond to the temperate zone, and the southern coast of Crimea, the coast of the Caucasus and Turkey - to the subtropical belt, and the southern part of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Colchis lowland belong to the humid subtropics with an annual rainfall of 1400-2500 millimeters. One of the distinctive features of the subtropics is mild winters, allowing year-round vegetation of plants.

The length of the Black Sea coastline is about 4,790 kilometers. It is not a constant, fixed value. Not only the length, but the whole appearance of the shores is constantly changing under the influence of both natural forces and the will of man. Among the natural factors affecting the sea shores, the main role belongs to waves and currents. Inaccessible coastal cliffs, picturesque bays, islets, “velvet” smooth beaches, covered with sand and silt of the harbor, washed-out road embankments, villages and resorts destroyed by landslides - all this is the result of the activity of the surf and currents.

So writes about the "life" of sea coasts in the annotation to his book "The Shores of the Black and Azov Seas", a prominent specialist in this field of marine science, Professor V.P. Zenkovich. Thanks to the works of V.P. Zenkovich, his colleagues and colleagues, the Black Sea coast is now the most studied. This made it possible to successfully carry out large-scale works on their strengthening and improvement in a number of places. Description of the Black Sea shores by V.P. Zenkovich is not only a valuable source of firsthand scientific information, but also a poetic story about that very specific zone where the sea meets land.

So, all the way from the Danube to Ochakov stretch the famous "velvet sands", sandy strips sea beaches as well as numerous estuaries. Clay cliffs are not uncommon here. They are constantly crumbling surf, and from time to time, landslides of a grand scale occur. Now landslides due to the development of science about seashores managed to tame the system of powerful bank protection structures.

From Ochakov to Western Crimea the shores are also characterized by their sandy beaches and low cliffs. Between the Dnieper-Bug estuary and the Karkinitsky bay there are extensive sandy spits (Kinburnskaya, Tendrovskaya) and islands (Dolgiy, Krugly, Dzharylgach). These are mostly sparsely populated or completely uninhabited places, the kingdom of birds, all kinds of small animals, deer, and even wild horses on Tendra. Here is the Black Sea state reserve Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, which is doing a lot of work on the study of seagulls and others, birds, their role in the life of the sea and land. Nearby are the large bays of the Black Sea: Yagorlytsky, Tendrovsky, Dzharylgachsky, Karkinitsky, which in their own natural features- shallow water, protection from waves, distance from settlements, from powerful sources of pollution, high biological productivity and others - are considered the most promising places for the development of underwater farms in the Black Sea.

The southern coast of Crimea is mountainous. Crimean mountains They are not particularly high, but their summit plateaus - yayls - lie very close to the sea and fall in sheer cliffs several hundred meters high. Covering the coasts from the northerly winds, they create the climatic conditions of the subtropics here. Beaches South Shore The Crimea is not sandy, but pebble and much narrower than the north-western coast of the Black Sea. The underwater landscape of the southern coast of Crimea is very beautiful: clear water, many rocks (some of them rise above the sea surface) and blocks overgrown with algae, mussels and other organisms. The species diversity of fauna and flora makes these places convenient for acquaintance with the inhabitants of the sea, especially for scuba divers.

The southern coast of the Kerch Peninsula, as well as the southern coast of Taman, is distinguished by wide sandy beaches and shallow waters of the coastal strip of the sea, somewhat reminiscent of the northwestern coast. Salty seaside reservoirs are found here again. On Kerch Peninsula- these are Uzunlarskoye, Koyashskoye and Tobechikskoye lakes, on Tamanskoye - the estuaries Tsokur, Kiziltashsky, Bugazsky and Vityazevsky. And the water is more turbid than that of the southern coast of Crimea, and is desalinated by the runoff of the Sea of Azov through the Kerch Strait. From Anapa to the southeast to Batumi, the Caucasian coastline with a predominance of pebble beaches stretches. The coastal mountains are covered with dense forest, numerous evergreen trees and shrubs, citrus fruits. Great depths come close to the shore. Mountain rivers bring little turbidity, and the sea water is transparent, like on the southern coast of Crimea.

Turkey's Black Sea coast is mountainous, with narrow, mostly pebbled beaches and rapidly increasing depths.

The shores of Romania and Bulgaria resemble the northwestern ones and are also famous for their wide sandy beaches. As in the Odessa region, clay cliffs prevail here, there are salt lakes and estuaries, and the sea is freshened by the Danube runoff.

Acquaintance with the wildlife of the Black Sea coast is greatly facilitated by visiting local museums of local lore, available in all cities, as well as botanical gardens and marine aquariums.

Among the botanical attractions on the Black Sea coast, the botanical garden of Odessa State University, founded in 1867, the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in Crimea, created in 1812, the Arboretum in Sochi, founded at the end of the last century, the tisosamshitovy grove, located two kilometers from the sea, should be mentioned. the Khosta river, - the remains of the ancient relict flora, the subtropical park in Gagra, the Pitsunda relict long-coniferous pine reserve at Cape Pitsunda, the Sukhum Botanical Garden, and finally the Batumi Botanical Garden, founded in 1912, one of the largest and most famous in our country.

Marine aquariums are less ancient and famous than botanical gardens... They are very helpful in getting to know the inhabitants of the Black Sea, their appearance and habits. In our country, marine aquariums have been created in Sevastopol at the Institute of Biology southern seas, in Kerch at the Azov-Black Sea Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, in Sochi in the Arboretum and in Batumi at the Georgian branch of the All-Union Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography. The Black Sea fauna is most fully represented in the Sevastopol Aquarium, opened back in 1897 at the biological station and subsequently modernized several times. Today it is a very popular institution that showcases the inhabitants of the Black and other seas. There is a central round pool with a diameter of 9.2 and a depth of 1.5 meters, as well as 12 wall aquariums with a volume of up to 7 cubic meters. Several dozen species of Black Sea fish, crabs, molluscs and other animals can be observed in the aquarium at the same time.

The first scientific demonstration dolphinarium in our country was recently opened in Batumi, where there is an opportunity to get acquainted with the Black Sea dolphins and the work that scientists and trainers carry out with them.

There are several nature reserves on the Black Sea coast. The largest of them is the Black Sea State Reserve of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR with an area of more than 60 thousand hectares, founded in 1927. It is located between the Dnieper-Bug estuary and the Karkinitsky bay on the sands of the Kinburnskaya and Tendrovskaya spits, the islands of Krugly, Dolgiy, Orlov, Babin and others. The area occupied by the reserve is 12 606 hectares. The rest of the area is shallow sea water.

The biggest attraction of the Black Sea Reserve is a large colony of black-headed or Mediterranean gulls, numbering up to 200,000 pairs. This beautiful white bird with a brilliant black head (the so-called "mating outfit", in winter the seagull's head is white), during the nesting period is found in many places - in Greece, Asia Minor, Romania and even in Mongolia, but its largest colony is in the Black Sea reserve. The black-headed gull deserves protection not only as one of the adornments of the sea coast, where there are fewer and fewer deserted places near the sea, but also as a human assistant in the fight against agricultural pests. The fact is that, in addition to small fish and marine invertebrates, this gull feeds on insects that it hunts in the steppe. Scientists have calculated that over the summer, black-headed gulls from the Black Sea Reserve, together with their chicks, eat more than 5 thousand tons of insects, which prevents an annual loss to agriculture in the amount of up to 2 million rubles. An excellent example of a combination of nature conservation and a biological method of pest control that is safe for humans!

Another protected place on the Black Sea coast is located around Cape Kaliakra in Bulgaria. On the secluded coastal cliffs of this steep cape, the monk seal, the only species of seal in the Black Sea, breeds. It is listed in the International "Red Book" of rare and endangered species. According to Bulgarian scientists, only a few pairs of seals remain there today, which are under the strict protection of the state.

Yes, it is more and more difficult now for birds and animals to find secluded places on the shores of the Black Sea. People are so fond of them that sometimes it seems: a little more time will pass - and all coastal settlements will merge into a continuous ring of cities and resorts. In any case, they talk about the resort development of the entire coastline back in this century. Of course, the sea should help people in rest and treatment, this is indisputable. But what are the reasonable limits of this "human load" per unit of coastline has not yet been calculated. This is one of the immediate and important tasks of science. In the meantime, the ranks of all kinds of recreation centers, camps, campgrounds, medical institutions, sports centers, beaches, boat docks and other forms of "sea use" are growing without hindrance, why not introduce such a term, by analogy with "nature management"? Our relations with the sea must be built in such a way as to ensure a gentle regime for it. Indeed (in addition to these seasonal recreational and medical facilities) around the Black Sea there are about forty settlements of the rank of ports with a population of about 4 million people and with a certain negative impact on the marine environment. Thus, according to statistics, there is about 1 meter of coastline for one permanent inhabitant of the Black Sea coast. But in the summer, the population at least doubles, and then the share of the coastline per person is reduced to half a meter. And if we take into account that “sea use” is not evenly distributed along the coast, then in settlements, resorts and other places, the “personal” section of the coast is sometimes reduced to a few centimeters. This is the tense ecological situation, requiring from a person special thrift and attentiveness to the natural environment around him, for the sake of meeting with which he sometimes overcomes thousands of kilometers and bears so many bright plans during the year. And since the concept of "nature protection" implies, first of all, the protection of its living inhabitants, let's move on to getting to know them.

Yu.P. Zaitsev

Photo beautiful places Crimea

Kalamitsky Gulf is a part of the Black Sea protruding into west coast Crimean peninsula between capes Lucullus and Evpatoria. This bay is partially washed by the coast of Sevastopol in a small area from Cape Lukull to the administrative border with the Bakhchisarai region (only 1.5 km approximately). The entire area around Cape Lucullus is protected by the state as a nature reserve and is an object of a unique natural fund. The coastal aquatic complex occupies more than 125 hectares; it is a hydrological natural monument.

Kalamitsky Bay. Geography

Kalamitsky Bay is a picturesque place. The width of the bay at the entrance is 41 km, 13 km from the entrance to the coast. The depth reaches 30 meters. The bay in the north rests on the city of Evpatoria. The shores in the south of the bay are clayey and high, in the north are sandy and low, where in many places there are beaches. Salt lakes are found not far from the coast, behind the sandy embankments. The largest of them are:

Saki,
Sasyk,
Gull,
as well as the curative lake Kyzyl-Yar.

Several rivers flow into the Kalamitsky Gulf (Belbek, Alma, Bulganak and Kacha). Directly on the coast of the bay there are several settlements visited by tourists, including Beregovoe, Uglovoe, Novofedorovka, Andreevka, Nikolaevka, etc.

There are different versions regarding the name of the bay. The most common one associates the name with the city of Calamita, which was built by the Genoese. The city has not survived to this day. Translated from Greek, Kalamita is translated as "good cape".

Attractions and places of rest

Not far from Cape Lukull is the Ust-Alminskoye settlement. This is a Scythian settlement that arose at the turn of the 2nd century BC. Its true name is not known. In fact, in this part of Crimea there were many ancient settlements, but not all have survived. For example, due to the collapse of the soil into the sea, more than half of the Ust-Alminskoye settlement were irretrievably lost.

There are many private hotels and boarding houses along the coast of the bay. Tourists wishing to come here will find a place to stop.

Some of them, for example, the recreation center "Volna" (information on) are located near the sea, but also not far from lakes or estuaries.

The city of Evpatoria is considered a children's health resort precisely because of the favorable climate and shallow water of the Kalamitsky Gulf. The beaches are mostly sandy. The Kalamitsky Gulf warms up very quickly and often the swimming season begins in May and ends in September.