Life in the Mariana Wpadin. The deepest places in the world

On a black and white photograph of half a century ago - the legendary Batiskof "Trieste" at the time of preparation for immersion. The crew of two people was in a spherical steel gondola. It was attached to the float filled with gasoline to ensure positive buoyancy.

The deepest vpadina

Mariana Vpadina (Mariana Horbon) - Oceanic Wpadina, the deepest in the World Ocean. According to the measurements of 2011, the bottom of the gutter is lowered to the maximum mark of 10920 m. These are the data of UNESCO organizations, and they approximately correspond to the measurements made by descended devices, which showed the maximum depth of 10916 m. This place is called the Abyss Challenger - in honor of the English vessel, I found a depression in the XIX century.

Wpadin is a tectonic rift.

In 2012, the American Oceanographic Expedition found four ridges up to 2.5 km at the bottom of the Mariana depression. According to the University of New Hampshire, they have formed about 180 million years ago in the process of constant movement of lithospheric plates. The edge of the Pacific Plate gradually "leaves" under the Philippine. And then folding in the form of mountains near the boundaries of lithospheric plates is formed.

In the context, the Mariana Vpadina has a characteristic V-shaped profile with very cool slopes. The bottom is flat, a width of several tens of kilometers, separated by ridges into several almost closed areas. The pressure on the day of the Mariana depression is more than 1100 times higher than the indicator of ordinary atmospheric pressure, reaching 3150 kg / cm 2.

The temperature at the Day of the Mariana Wpadin (Mariana Globra) is surprisingly high due to hydrothermal sources, nicknamed "black smokers". They constantly heat the water and maintain the total temperature in the cavity at about 3 ° C.

The first attempt to measure the depth of the Mariana Wpadin (Mariana Globra) took in 1875 by the Team of the English Oceanographic Ship "Challenger" during the scientific expedition on the Ocean. The British found Mariana Wpadin completely by chance, during the duty room of the bottom with the help of a lot (Italian hemp rope and lead cargo). Upon all the inaccuracies of such a measurement, the result was amazing: 8367 m. In 1877, a map was published in Germany, on which this place was noted as the abyss of the Challenger.

Measured in 1899, from the side of the American coalsel "Nero", showed greater depth: 9636 m.

In 1951, the bottom of the depression was measured by the English hydrographic vessel "Challenger", named after his predecessor, unofficially referred to as "Challenger II". Now with the help of the echo sounder was recorded depth of 10899 m.

The maximum depth rate was obtained in 1957. The Soviet Research Ship "Vityaz": 11 034 ± 50 m. However, when the testimony is not taken into account, the change of medium conditions at different depths was not taken into account. This erroneous figure is still present on many physico-geographical maps published in the USSR and Russia.

In 1959, the American research vessel "Sturger" measured the gutter depth rather unusual for the science method - with the help of deep bombs. Result: 10915 m.

The last known measurements were produced in 2010 by the American vessel "Sumner", they showed a depth of 10,994 ± 40 m.

Get absolutely accurate readings Even with the help of the most modern instrument, it is not yet possible. The operation of the echo sounder interferes with the fact that the speed of sound in water depends on its properties that manifest themselves differently depending on the depth.

Immersion in Mariana Wpadin

It has been known about the existence of the Marianian depression for quite a long time, and there are technical opportunities for descent to the bottom, but over the past 60 years only three people have the opportunity to do this: a scientist, military and film director.

For all the time the studies of the Mariana Vpadina (Mariana Globra), devices with people on board and four times were lowered twice (as of April 2017) - automatic devices.

On January 23, 1960, Batiskof "Trieste" fell to the bottom of the abyss of the Mariana Vpadina (Mariana Globra). On his board were the Swiss oceanologist Jacques Picar (1922-2008) and Lieutenant US Navy, researcher Don Walsh (born in 1931). Batiskof designed the father of Jacques Picara - a physicist, the inventor of Stratostat and Batiskaph Auguste Picar (1884-1962).

The descent of Trieste lasted 4 h 48 minutes, the crew periodically interrupted it. At a depth of 9 km, the plexiglass glass cracked, but the descent continued until Trieste fell to the bottom, where the crew saw a 30-centimeter flat fish and a certain crustacean creature. Having spent at a depth of 10912 m about 20 minutes, the crew began the rise, which was held for 3 h 15 min.

Another attempt to descend to the bottom of the Mariana Wpadin (Mariana Globra) was taken by a man in 2012, when American film director James Cameron (born in 1954) became the third, reached the bottom of the challenger's abyss. Previously, he was repeatedly immersed on Russian Mir devices in Atlantic Ocean To the depth of over 4 km during the filming of the movie "Titanic". Now, at Batiscife, Dipsey Challenger, he sank into the abyss for 2 hours 37 minutes - almost widow faster "Trieste" - and spent 2 h 36 min at a depth of 10898 m. After that, it rose to the surface in just an hour and a half. At the bottom Cameron saw only creatures similar to shrimp.

The fauna and flora of the Mariana depression have been poorly studied.

In the 1950s Soviet scientists during the expedition of the vessel "Vityaz" found life at depths of more than 7 thousand m. before that it was believed that there was nothing alive. Pulbores were discovered - a new family of marine invertebrate animals living in chitinium tubes. Disputes about their scientific classification are still going.

The main inhabitants of the Mariana Wpadin (Mariana Globra), living at the very bottom, are barro (developing only at high pressure) bacteria, the simplest creatures of the foraminifera are single-cellular in the sinks and xenophyophoras - amids reaching 20 cm in diameter and living due to shocking il.

Foraminifera managed to extrude the Japanese automatic deep-angled probe "Kaiko" in 1995, immersed at 10911.4 m and taking samples of soil.

Larger inhabitants of the gutter live throughout its thicker. Life at the depth made them or blind, or with very developed eyes, often telescopic. Many have photophors - the glow bodies, a peculiar bait for mining: some on long proceedings, like a fish farmer fish, and others do not immediately in the mouth. Some accumulate the luminous liquid and, in case of danger, they whine the enemy by the "light curtain" manner.

Since 2009, the territory of the Vpadina is part of the American environmental zone Maritime National Monument to the Marianian Gulb of 24,6608 km 2. The zone includes only the underwater part of the gutter and the water area. The basis for such actions was the fact that the Northern Mariana Islands and the island of Guam - actually the American territory - are the island borders of the water area. The abyss of the challenger in this zone is not included, as it is located on the ocean territory of the Federated States of Micronesia.

general information

Location: West of the Pacific Ocean.
Origin: tectonic.
Administrative belonging :

Numbers

Length: 2550 km.
Width: 69 km.
Besleless Challenger : Depth - about 11 km, width - 1.6 km.
SAMI deep point : 10 920 ± 10 m (challenger's abyss, 340 km south-west of Guam Island (USA), 2011).
The average steepness of the slope : 7-9 °.
Pressure at Dn.: 106.6 megapascals (MPa).
Nearest Islands : 287 km south-west of Oostrov Fais (Yap Islands, Federated States Micronesia); 304 km. To the northeast of the island of Guam (non-coordinated United States organized territory).
The average water temperature at the bottom : + 3.3 ° C.

Curious facts

• To emphasize the sizes of the depression, its depth is often compared with the most high mountain Earth - Everest (8848 m). It is proposed to submit that if Everest was at the bottom of the Mariana depression, from the top of the mountain to the surface of the Pacific Ocean would still have more than two kilometers.
• Research vessel "Vityaz" is a 109-meter single-dual-choke ship with displacement of 5710 tons. Lowned in 1939 at the German shipyard "Shikhau" in Bremerhafen (Germany). Initially, it was a cargo-passenger vessel called "Mars". During World War II, there were military transport from East Prussia more than 20 thousand refugees. After the war, the reparations were first turned out to be in England, then in the USSR. Since 1949 - the research vessel of the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, named "Vityaz" in memory of the famous Russian Corrowts XIX in. Depicts the USSR postage stamps. Since 1994, at the eternal parking lot at the Pier of the World Ocean Museum in the heart of Kaliningrad. Feature of the design: winches for anchor parking, the trawls of the bottom and taking the samples of the soil at a depth of 11 thousand m.
• To date, only 5% of the World War Ocean is investigated relatively detailed.
• In 1951, after the expedition members of the Challenger's vessel measured the gutter with an echo sounder (10,899 m), it was decided - just in case - to move the old good rope lot. The measurement showed a small deviation: 10,863 m.
• The British writer Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930), describing the immersion on the bottom of the deep-water depression in his novel "Marakothov", predicted future studies of the Mariana foam with the help of managed devices. Its predictions turned out to be much more realistic than the description given by the previously French fantastic Jellow Right (1828-1905) in the novel "20,000 Lingerie underwater", where the Nautilus submarine is descended to the depth of 16 thousand m and rises to the surface, " Having emerged from water, like a flying fish, "just 4 minutes.
• ■ After descending to the Mariana Batiskof, the Trieste has been used more than once for deepwater dives. In 1963, with its help, the US Navy found a wreckage of the sunken atomic submarine "Trecer", lying at a depth of 2560 m along with the crew of 129 people. As a result of numerous modifications, almost nothing from the original apparatus has been preserved. Currently, Batiskof is put up in the hall National Museum US Navy in Washington (Colombia District).
• Submarine substance-poles are very difficult to research. These are the finest filamentous worms with thickness often only in one tenth of a millimeter at a length of up to two or three tens of centimeters, besides, prisoners in fairly durable tubes.

Our planet is amazing and unique, and when describing it, I want to use only the brightest epithets and an excellent degree.

But every time hearing about the new opening of scientists, we are convinced how little we still know about the planet Earth. This applies to both the depths of the seas and oceans and sushi.

This is about such amazing objects and will be discussed in the article, and if we speak more specifically, we will visit the deepest place on Earth. There are many such places, some of them are created by the hands of a person, but most of natural origin.

Lake Baikal

Russian Baikal record holder in many indicators, but it is also the most deep lake in the world. The deepest place in the lake is located from the water surface at a depth of 1642 meters. For comparison, the deepest point in the Black Sea is equal to 2245 meters.

First of all, such a depth on Baikal is due to tectonic origin, and secondly, the age of Baikal, which is about 25 million years. In addition, this is the largest tank fresh water on the ground.

Thousands of tourists from all over the world come to a wonderful lake to admire the unique nature and get a charge of cheerfulness.

River Congo

The African River, possessing a big length and a large pool, is the deepest river on the ground. The deepest place on the Congo River is 230 meters.

The amazing river, not only the deepest, but also ranks second in the world in full strength. Such indicators led to a rich animal and vegetable world On the banks of the river, and more than 1000 species of fish and animals live in waters.

This natural masterpiece - deep cave in a row studied such objects on the planet. The depth of the unique cave, which is in Abkhazia, is 2 196 meters.

Despite the impressive depths, the cave is not devoid of their inhabitants. Some types of bacteria and scrapers made it their home.

For the first time about the cave, the world found out in 1960, when the speleologists managed to go down 95 meters. Below then, for the purpose of security of the group, it was not decided to descend. Only after 44 years, scientists overcame a two-kilometer front.

From the natural masterpiece we go to the man-made object. Not far from the capital of South Africa is the deepest development of the Tau-Tone mine, which produces a gold-containing ore. A valuable ore also contains uranium, which makes work in a hazardous mine.

The depth of the mine today is equal to 4 kilometers, and 1,200 tons of the most valuable metal have already been produced in all the time of its work. Naturally, the work on such an object is conjugate with a lot of dangers. But so far safety pays for gold pay off.

Another deep object of human hands is the Kola well. It appeared as a result of a unique experiment of Soviet scientists, which in 1970 began drilling to learn as much as possible about the structure of the earth's crust.

The place was not chosen by chance, because it was on Kola Peninsula On the surface, the outlets of ancient rocks were discovered.

Scientists and engineers managed to deepen 12262 meters. An adventurous, at first glance, the project made it possible to learn a lot about the structure of the Earth. After the closure, the well did not find further use, and weakened.

The deep-water gutter was discovered during the cable laying on the Pacific DNU, not far from Japan. The vessel "Tusskaur" at the end of the XIX century, with the help of a lot, could fix a depth of 8,500 meters.

The bottom of the depression has thresholds of different depths. But the oceanologists from the Vityaz vessel installed at one time and the maximum depth of the ocean gutter - 9810 meters. Wpadina stretches along the bottom of the ocean by a thousand kilometers, and connects with the Japanese chute.

The vessel "Vityaz" investigated another natural object - a narrow deep-water depression between the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka. Maximum depth of the depression in Pacific Ocean equals 9783 meters.

Interestingly, this gutter was opened by the scholars of the Tuskaroral vessel, and before the 50s of the last century it was called on the name of the American Research Ship.

In addition to gigantic depths, it is also the narrowest ocean sweep, the width of only 59 meters.

The southeast foot of the Pacific Island of Kermadek at the end of the XIX century was opened by the same name Vpadina. The maximum depth is 10047 meters.

By the seabed, she stretched out 1,200 km. The chute is permanent objects of the study, and more recently, oceanologists opened a new type of marine slugs living in the depths of the gutter.

Wpadina in the Philippine Sea, which is 10,540 meters from the water surface, makes this sea the deepest sea on the earth's surface. It is noteworthy that the middle depths, 4,108 meters, are rather not small.

Millions of years ago were formed, and became the result of the collision of the huge tectonic plates. One can only assume the scale of the earthquake and the tsunami caused by it. Yes, and today this area is one of the most seismic on the planet.

From the island of Tonga to the depression of Kermadek for a distance of 860 kilometers along the DNU of the Pacific Ocean, another deepest chute was stretched, called Tonga.

This catch is only a little inferior to the Mariana and its depth is 10,882 meters. W. natural facility There is also its entertaining story. In 1970, the landing step of the American ship Apollo-13, containing plutonium, sank in Tongo's gutter. Until today it was not raised.

Mariana Trench. "Abyss Challenger"

That's the end point of our journey is the deepest place on the planet. This is the Mariana Wpadina, the depth of which is 10994 meters, and the total length of almost 2 and a half thousand kilometers.

The deepest place in the world was opened in the 70s of the XIX century, an English research vessel with the calling name "Challenger".

In the photo: shark-house - one of the holders of the challenge challenges

Interestingly, there are inhabitants at such depths. Wpadin chose a variety of simplest, rare types of clams and unique deep-sea fish. But, as oceanologists declare, Cardina stores many more secrets that have yet to solve.

Conclusion

A varied landscape of the earth surface led to the appearance of various objects. Self deep places Can not not cause surprise and even admiration. Nature is diverse, and except, created amazing deep places, both on land and in the ocean.

But also a person during the research and economic activity Also created depth objects worthy of taking their honorable place in the list of land attractions.

What every schoolboy from the object of geography knows: the most high Point Planets - Mount Everest (8848 m), and the lowest is Mariana Vadina. It makes it a good and most mysterious point of our planet - despite the fact that the oceans are closer than space stars, humanity has managed to study only 5 percent of ocean depths.

Wpadina is located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean and is a V-shaped form, which flows on 1500 km Mariana Islands - hence the name. The deepest point is the abyss of the Challenger, who received a name from Echohotel Challenger II ("challenge"), who was able to fix 10,994 m below the sea level. Measure the bottom in pressure 1072 times higher than the rule for a person to suicide, under the thickness of the water in 1875, the Corvette of the English expedition was sent for the first time. Invaluable contribution and Soviet scientists - Vityaz ship In 1957, invaluable data were received: there is life in the Mariana Wpadin, despite the fact that even the light does not penetrate the depth of over 1000 m.

Ocean monsters

In 1960, Lieutenant Navy USA Don Walsh and Researcher Jacques Picar on Batiscife "Trieste" descended into the dark abyss, in depth of Mariana Vpadina. At record indicators of 10,915 m, they found flat fish resembling Cambal. Not without problems: the devices recorded the shadows of creatures resembling mystical multi-headed dragons. Scientists heard the grinding of the teeth on the metal - and the shift of the ship was a thickness of 13 cm! As a result, it was decided to urgently raise the Trieste to the surface until the tragedy had happened. On land found that the thick cable was almost half a snack - unknown creatures clearly did not suffer from strangers in their underwater kingdom ... Details about this dangerous journey in 1996 were made public in the New York Times newspaper.

Later, researchers with the help of special equipment confirmed that at the bottom of the depression there really is life - the latest developments in the field of technology allowed to make unique images of half-meter octopus mattants, strange jellyfish and beautiful people. They feed mostly with each other - and sometimes bacteria. Interestingly, caught in the abyss of the wraps have much more toxins in their vanity calves than the inhabitants of the coastal water of the ocean. Most of the scientists surprised the mollusks - in theory, the monstrous pressure should have flatten their shells, but the ocean residents feel nice in these conditions.

Champagne at the bottom of the ocean

Another mystery of the depression is the so-called "champagne", a hydrothermal source emitting an unnecessary amount of carbon dioxide bubbles in the water. This is the world's only underwater source of liquid chemical element. It was thanks to him that the first hypotheses were born about the appearance of life on earth in the water. By the way, the temperature in the Mariana depression is not the coldest - from 1 to 4 degrees. It is provided by "black smokers" - the same thermal sourcesMolding ore substances, because of which they acquire dark color. They are very hot, but at the expense of high pressure water in the abyss does not boil, so the temperature is quite suitable for living organisms.

In 2012, the famous film director James Cameron became the first person who reached the bottom of the Pacific Ocean alone. Moving on the "Dipci Challenger" apparatus, he managed to take samples of soil with the "challenger's abyss" and draw a pressure in 3D format. The received frames served as science and became the basis documentary film On the channel National Geographic. Russia is not lagging behind - to the expedition to the bottom depths of the Mariana Vpadina Preparing and our famous traveler Fedor Konyukhov. Maybe it will be able to shed light on the riddles of the lowest point of the planet?

Pavilion "Around the World. Asia, Africa, Latin America, Australia and Oceania "

Ethnomir Kaluga region, Borovsky district, Petrovo village

In the Ethnographic Park-Museum "Ethnomir" - amazing place. "Urban" street is built inside the spacious pavilion, so on the street of the world is always warm, light and good weather - just right for a fascinating walk, especially since within the framework of the latter you can commit an integer trip around the world. As well as on any street, in love with tourists, there are attractions, workshops, street artisans, cafes and shops that are inside and outside 19 homes.

The facades of the buildings are made in different ethnic styles. Each house is a "quote" from the life and traditions of a certain country. Already the appearance of the houses begins a story about distant lands.

Enter the inside - and you will be surrounded by new, unfamiliar subjects, sounds and smells. Color range and finishing, furniture, interior and life items - all this helps to plunge into the atmosphere of distant countries, to understand and experience their uniqueness.

Back in childhood, I did not really love to go deep into the sea. All the time it seemed to me that someone or something would drag me to the depth. But then I have not yet understood that three meters from the shore is generally difficult to call the depth. On our planet there are such marine depths that even half have not yet been studied. I'll tell you about this place.

Where is Mariana Wpadina

Mariana Vpadina is also called the Mariana chute. It is this place that is referred to as the deepest on our planet. Expeditions have shown that maximum depth Mariana Vpadina is about 11,000 met.ditch. Just think about this figure. As many as 11 km under water. The deepest point of this gutter has the name "the abyss of the Challenger."

Located this underwater attraction in the western part of the Pacific Ocean Not far from the shores of Micronesia and Guam. In this place, anyone, of course, will not be able to visit this place. For visiting, an expedition prepared for all rules will be prepared.

The first time they learned about this place. in 1875.. Research of that time has shown that the depth of this gutter is about 8000 m. The person for this depth for the first time went in 1960.

Mysteries of the Mariana Vpadina

This is an incredibly deep place on the planet, one can say practically not studied. All its territory was not more studied than 5%. And during this time it was noted some amazing facts associated with the Mariana depression:

1. Having hot water At a depth of 1.6 km.
2. In depths live ameba huge sizes.
3. Great molluskswhich adapted to high pressure.
4. At the bottom there sources of liquid carbon dioxide.
5. In 2011 were found 4 stone bridges.

The latter who was immersed in the Mariinsky Wpadin, was James Cameron. His name, I think, many know or heard. It was he who removed the famous film "Titanic". Immersion was fulfilled in 2012. Probably, Mariana Wpadina keeps many more riddles. Perhaps years years, and maybe hundreds of years, humanity will be able to fully profit this depth.

Mariana Wpadina, or Mariana Globrel - Oceanic Wpadin in the West of the Pacific Ocean, which is the deepest geographical objects known on earth.
Wpadina stretches along Mariana Islands 1500 km; It has a V-shaped profile, steep (7-9 °) slopes, a flat bottom 1-5 km wide, which is separated by thresholds into several closed depression. At the bottom, water pressure reaches 108.6 MPa, which is more than 1100 times the normal atmospheric pressure at the ocean level. Wpadina is on the border of the docking of two tectonic plates, in the zone of movement in faults, where the Pacific stove leaves under the Philippine plate.

Registering sounds The device began to transfer to the surface of the noise, resembling the separation of the saws in the metal. At the same time, unclear shadows appeared on the TV monitor, similar to gigantic fairy dragons. These creatures had several heads and tails. An hour later, scientists of the American Research Ship "Glomar Challenger" was worried that unique equipment made from heavy-duty titanium-cobalt steel beams in the NASA laboratory, having a spherical design, the so-called "hedgehog" with a diameter of about 9 m, may remain in the abyss forever. It was decided to raise it immediately. "Hedgehog" removed from the depths of more than eight hours. As soon as he appeared on the surface, he was immediately laid on a special raft. The camera and echo sounder raised on the deck "Gombus Challenger". It turned out that the strongest steel beams of the design were deformed, and the steel 20-centimeter cable, on which it was lowered, turned out to be half the perennial. Who tried to leave hedgehog at the depth and why is an absolute mystery. Details of this interesting experiment conducted by American oceanologists in the Mariana Wpadin were published in 1996 New York Times newspaper (USA).

Is not the only case Clashes with inexplicable in the depths of the Mariana depression. Something similar happened to the German scientific research apparatus "Haifish" with the crew on board. Once at a depth of 7 km, the device unexpectedly refused to pop up. Finding out the cause of malfunctions, the hydraulics turned on the infrared chamber. The fact that they saw in the next few seconds seemed to them by collective hallucination: a huge prehistoric lizard, drinking his teeth to Batiskof, tried to spoke him like a nut. Friendly, the crew pulled the device called the "electric gun". The monster affected by a powerful discharge was disappeared into the abyss.

The inexplicable and incomprehensible always attracted people, so scientists around the world want to answer the question: "What is in their depths of Mariana Wpadina?"

Can live organisms in such a tremendous depth, and how should they look, given that there are huge masses of ocean waters on them, which exceeds 1100 atmospheres? The difficulties associated with the study and comprehension of creatures living on these unimaginable depths are sufficient, but the ingenuity of a person does not know the boundaries. For a long time, oceanologists considered the madness of the hypothesis that at the depths of more than 6000 m in a impermeable darkness, under the monstrous pressure and at temperatures close to zero, life could exist. However, the results of studies of scientists in the Pacific Ocean showed that in these depths, much lower than 6000-meter marks, there are huge colonies of the living organisms of the pogonophores ((Rogonophora; from Greek. Pogon - beard and choros - carrier), the type of marine invertebrate animals living) In long chitinovy, opened with both ends of tubes). IN lately The curtain of secrets was opened by manned and automatic, made of heavy-duty materials, underwater vehicles equipped with video cameras. As a result, a rich community of animals was opened, consisting of both known and less familiar marine groups.

Thus, at the depths of 6000 - 11,000 km found:
- Barophilic bacteria (developing only at high pressure),
- from the simplest - foraminifera (the detachment of the protozoa subclass of cunnoxes with a cytoplasmic body, dressed sink) and xenophyophores (borophical bacteria from the simplest);
- Of the multicellular - multi-singing worms, equal cancer, booplasts, wilderness, bivalve and burglary mollusks.

At depths there is no sunlight, there are no algae, salinity constant, temperature is low, abundance of carbon dioxide, huge hydrostatic pressure (increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters). What are the inhabitants of the abyss feed?

Sources of food of deep animals - bacteria, as well as rain "corpses" and organic dedrites entering from above; depth animals or blind, or with very developed eyes, often telescopic; Many fish and cephalopod mollusks with photoflukers; Other forms have a body surface or its plots. Therefore, the appearance of these animals is as terrible and incredible, as well as the conditions in which they live. Among them - the frightening type of worms with a length of 1.5 meters, without mouth and anus, octopus mutants, extraordinary starfishes and some mild creatures of the two-meter length, which have not yet been identified.

So, a person could never resist the desire to explore the unknown, and the rapidly developing world of technological progress makes it deeper to penetrate the secret world of the most non-micro-refinery and recurrent environment in the world - the World Ocean. The subjects for research in the Mariana Wpadine will be enough for many years, given that the most inaccessible and mysterious point of our planet, unlike Everest (height above sea level 8848 m), was conquered only once. So, on January 23, 1960, US Naval Force Officer Don Walsh and Swiss Researcher Jacques Picar, protected by armored, 12-centimeter thickness, the walls of Batiskaph called "Trieste", managed to fall at a depth of 10915 meters.

Despite the fact that scientists have made a huge step in the studies of the Mariana Wpadin, the questions did not decrease, new riddles appeared, which still have to solve. And the ocean abyss can keep their secrets. Will people succeed in reveal them soon?