One of the first fixed in the history of eruptions of the volcano, which caused large human sacrifices, was the eruption of Vesuvius volcano in 79, stabbing Pompeii's volcanic ashes, Staby and Herkulanum. Of all the dangers that lie humanity, volcanoes are the most dangerous geological formations on the surface of our planet.

The Special Organization for the UN even amounted to a list of the most dangerous volcanoes of recent decades. Based on the list and other information, we will make a rating and learn what the most powerful volcano on earth in the history of mankind.

Merapy. Indonesia

Over the expanses of Java at an altitude of 2,914 meters there is a crater of a dangerous volcano South-East Asia. Merapy eruptions are recorded by specialists with regularity at 7 years.

Merapy releases smoke every day without giving people to forget that he can wake up at any time. One of the last major catastrophes happened in the mid-70s of the last century, when the village covered the village, and 29 people were listed.

Koryak. Russia

35 kilometers from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky over the hills of Kamchatka rose stratovolnik Koryaksky. Today it is one of the largest volcanoes of Russia.

Koryaksky, who formed about two and a half million years ago, periodically reminds itself emissions of ashes and eruptions.

In 2008, an emission was released from the western slope, which was visible from nearby townships, and the smoke loop stretched more than 100 kilometers.

Tadeid. Spain

On the spanish island Tenerife is a beautiful volcano Tadeid. It is noteworthy that this mountain is the highest point of Spain and pay in itself, despite the beauty, potential danger.

The island itself is one of the many volcanic formations off the coast of Spain. Today, Tadeid is not active, and the last time worried about the surroundings in 1909.

If it is awakened, and the seismologists do not exclude such an opportunity, it will become an unpleasant surprise not only for the Spaniards, but also the Southern Europe.

Santa Maria. Guatemala

In the mountain range in the West, Guatemala is a volcano with the beautiful and romantic name of Santa Maria. Despite the harmless name, in the history of the mountain was the most powerful emissions of the lava, and the explosions were heard over 700 kilometers.

Then, in 1902, more than 6 thousand people died, and today it is potentially dangerous for the population of Guatemala. After all, at any moment Santa Maria can wake up, demonstrating its character's emissions of thousands of tons of lava and ash.

Santorin. Greece

In the XVII century BC. A catastrophic eruption of the Santorin volcanic eruption destroyed the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete, and served as the birth of the legend of Atlantis.

And the tsunamis that followed the eruption reached the shores of Greece and flooded the Aegean coastal cities.

Tira Island itself has significantly changed his form. Crater failed, forming a convex caldera, which the sea immediately flooded.

Ethna. Italy

The largest of the existing volcanoes in Europe is located on eastern coast Islands of Sicily among the picturesque landscapes of the Mediterranean.

It carries a potential danger if several crater are activated simultaneously, and about four hundred and their counts are activated.

The last major emission of the lava and volcanic ash occurred in 2011. But if you believe the ancient Greek myth of the Goddess of Athena pressed the euti Giant Enkenlad, and the eruption is the fiery breath of the defeated titanium.

Tala. Philippines

On the island of Luzon, just 50 kilometers from the capital of the Philippines of the city of Manila spread its slopes of the actual stratovol.

Now Tal sleeps, and in his crater, a beautiful little lake was formed, which pleases the beauty of those who rose to the top. But for the last time he was erupted in 1965, as a result of which about 200 people died.

But at the beginning of the twentieth century, one small volcano of the planet caused a big trouble. In 10 minutes, all living things died within a radius of 20 kilometers, and the ashes of the ashes were visible for hundreds of kilometers from the island.

Wywoon. Papua New Guinea

The acting volcano, formed during the period of Pleistocene from basalt and Andesite rocks.

From the moment when the slave began to observe 22 powerful volcanic eruptions.

And from the latter it is worth noting the 2007 catastrophe when there was a powerful magma's emission. A large number of ashes then settled on the green slopes of the mountain and in nearby settlements.

Undwan. Japan

Now Undzen in the Japanese Peninsula of the Simabara is considered a weakly active seismologist, and at one time endowed a lot of noise in the region.

Powerful eruption Undzen was recorded in the Middle Ages era, in 1663. But in 119 years after that, its activity caused tsunamis, as sources with a wave height of 55 meters fix. As a result of natural disaster, 15,000 people died.

In 1991, during the research expedition, Lava covered 43 seismologists and media representatives, which at the time of the lava were located on the mountain slopes of the mountain.

Popochette. Mexico

In the Nastyl language, the name of this translates as a "smoking hill", and today it is one of of risk volcanoes In the ridge of Mexican mountains.

For a long time it was believed that Popochettel, as well as his fellow Istaxioatl, is extinct, but at the end of the twentieth century began to show activity.

The danger is that there are more than 20 million people around the mountain ridge, where there is more than 20 million people, and in the case of a powerful eruption, a large-scale evacuation operation will be required.

Yellowstone. USA

For several years, Yellowstone has been holding not only the scientific community in tension, but all of humanity. This caldera is often called supervulkan, but it is impossible to calculate the potential power and the danger of this geological education.

But no matter how it was, Yellowstone is considered today, even in perspective, the most powerful volcano of the world.

As a result of the most powerful eruption of approximately 650000 years ago, the yellosotunsk caldera was formed, and many exactly it is considered possible to cause the end of the world.

Volcano on Isabel Island in the Pacific Ocean for many centuries keeps the population of the region in suspense.

Sierra Negra, according to seismologists and researchers geological structure Earth is the most powerful volcano in the world. There are many catastrophes with him, and the last time the evacuation of the inhabitants due to its activity was carried out in 2006.

Ecuadorian giant has a thyroid shape, and often causes seismic activity in this part. Pacific Ocean.

Conclusion

As you can see, from time to time, volcanoes show their violent character, carrying the death of everything in the district and presenting the potential danger of mankind.

Many millions of years ago, the most powerful eruption of volcanoes formed the surface of the earth's crust, and today they are the causes of small shifts of tectonic plates. And, for example, in 1963, a new island appeared as a result of eruptions in Iceland.

Volcanoes - Geological formations on the surface of the earth's crust, through which magma appears. The name comes from the Roman God of Fire - volcano. Today on the planet there are more than 1000 existing volcanoes. Then we will introduce you to the classification of volcanoes, tell me where most of them are and which are considered the highest and most famous.

Volcanoes: Interesting Facts

There is a large classification of volcanoes. So, all volcanoes of the world We are divided into 3 types:
By type (thyroid, stratululkany, slag cones, dome);
By location (lines, terrestrial, underwater);
According to activity (extinct, sleeping, acting).

Each volcano consists of the following parts:
Main crater;
Side crater;
Garlo.


Some volcanoes erupt not Lava. There are also mud volcanoesThe post-taxia formations include geasers.

Where are the volcanoes of the world

Most volcanoes are located in Andes, Indonesia, Iceland, Hawaii and Kamchatka. However, they are not chaotic, but in strictly defined zones:
Most of the volcanoes are located in the zone called the Pacific Volcanic Fire Ring: in Andes, Cordillera, in Kamchatka, as well as in the Philippines and New Zealand. Almost all are located here. existing volcanoes The world of ground - 328 out of 540.
Another location zone is a Mediterranean folding belt, including the Mediterranean Sea (Santorin, Etna, Vesuvius) and stretches to Indonesia, where almost all powerful eruptions of the world took place: Tamboz in 1815 and Krakatau in 1883.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge Forming Whole Volcanic Islands. Irish examples: Canary Islands, Iceland.

Existing volcanoes of the world

Most of the acting volcanoes are located in the above zones. Volcanoes in Iceland are often eructed, periodically reminds of themselves the highest volcano of Europe - Etna. Others who are particularly widely known:
Popochetetet, located near Mexico City;
Vesuviy;
Mauna Loa;
Nyragongo (DR Congo), famous for his huge lake Boiling lava located in the crater.

Extluous volcanoes of the world

Often volcanoes are completed by active eruptions. Some of them are considered extinct, others are considered sleeping. Extluous volcanoes of the world Located throughout the planet, including in Andes, where the highest volcano of the world is (6893 meters), as well as the mountain of volcanic origin of Akonkagua (the main vertex of South America).

Often extinct volcanoes Used as observatory, for example, Mauna Kea in the Hawaiian Islands, in which 13 telescopes are installed in the crater. By the way, Mauna Kea is recognized as the highest volcano as a whole, if we consider it and the underwater part of its height is 10,205 meters.

The most famous volcanoes of the world

Stories about terrible eruptions that destroyed entire cities and the destroyed islands heard everything. Here we will tell about:
Vesuvius, this small volcano in Italy (1281 m) destroyed the city of Pompeii. This moment is even captured in the picture of the bullov "Last Day Pompeii".
Etna - the highest volcano in Europe, which is periodically erupting. The last eruption was held in May 2015.
Krakatau - volcano in Indonesia, whose eruption in 1883 was equal to the explosion of 10,000 atomic bombs. Now in his place the new volcano - Anak-Krakataau rushes.
Tamboy. In 1815, the most powerful eruption of our time took place, as a result of which volcanic winter came (Pollution of the atmosphere aside), and 1816 was a year without summer.
Santorin, who destroyed the Minoan civilization and destroying whole island In the Mediterranean Sea.
Mont-Pele on Martinique, in a matter of minutes, destroying the port of St. Pierre. 36,000 people died
Yellowstone caldera is a potential supervolkan, the eruption of which is able to change the map of the world.
Kilimanjaro is the highest point of Africa.

Once the eruption of volcanoes were considered the punishment of the gods. Today we know that the eruption is the phenomena of an exceptional natural nature. What does not make an explosive effect less terrible. Here is a list of volcanoes of the world, which are considered the most dangerous.

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Yellowstone Caldera, United States

The rush of sulfur hot springs in Yellowstone national Park Frequently attracted tourists. Park is awesome beautiful! But under the external attractiveness of Yellowstone, supervolkan hides, that is, a volcano that produces the strongest and voluminous eruptions. This volcano is able to destroy the entire western part of the United States and change the course of human history. The first well-known eruption happened 2.1 million years ago, and it was 25,000 times stronger than the famous eruption of Saint Helens volcano in 1980, which suffered a death of 57 people and scattered ashes over the entire country. Unlike conventional volcanoes, supervulcans do not have a conical shape of the mountain, and they are presented by caldera, huge basins that remained from previous eruptions. Essentially, all Yellowstone is a gigantic caldera, ready to explode and destroy all of humanity. Experts calculated that the eruption of the Yellowstone volcano will kill 87,000 people immediately, and the ash and gas clouds will lead to innumerable consequences for the whole world.

Vesuviy volcano, Italy

The volcano in the Italian district of the campaign was last erupted in 1944, but, as a rule, the cycle of eruptions of this peak is 20 years old, and it is terrible to imagine why he "silent" is still. 3 million people live in the relative proximity to the crater, located just 8 km east of Naples. Actually, this is the most populated volcanic region in the world. And Vesuvius is the only volcano that evemed on the European continent over the past hundred years, and, of course, he is known to the whole world after a powerful eruption in 79 of our era, when the hot lava buried the cities of Herculand and Pompeii.

Volcano Popochetetet, Mexico

High, ice-covered top of the volcano located approximately 56 km from Mexico City. The region of the volcano, which eves more than 20 times from 1519, is at home more than 9 million people. Does joke? For the last time, Popochetetet made itself felt in 2000, but, thank God, all 41,000 people from nearby cities were evacuated, which prevented a mass catastrophe.

Volcano Sakuradzima, Japan

This stratov toll in Japan was once on a separate island, but the lava flows after the 1914 eruptions were connected to the volcanic island with the main island. Many experts call Sakuradyzima "Vesuvivia East": every year it produces thousands of small explosions, which scatter ash over the surrounding areas. However, the eruptions can wear and much more tragic consequences for 700,000 residents of the Kagosima living a few kilometers from the volcano. In the city there are even special asylums, where people can hide from the falling stones from Zherla Volcano.

Volcano Galeras, Colombia

Located in the southern part of Colombia, not far from the border with Ecuador, Volcano Galeras is active, at least for a million years, although the first fixed eruption is dated 1580 year. Since 2000, the volcano is erupting almost every year - very scary for 450,000 residents of the city of Pasto, located on the eastern slope of the mountain.

Vulcan Merapy, Indonesia

Translated "Merapy" means "Fire Mountain", and this is the most active volcano in Indonesia, which produced in general more than any other volcano in the world. Merapy is spent regularly from 1548, and it is active for the last 10,000 years. Scientists believe that the activities of the volcano led to the death of the Hindu kingdom of Mataram. Currently, the city of Yogyakarta, where thousands of people live, and they are extremely scary for their lives, because the lava flows are usually sprawling 5-6 kilometers from the peak, although sometimes Lava descends 12-13 kilometers . Moreover, Lava flows descend very quickly, at a speed of 110-112 km / h! In 2010, 353 people died during the eruption of the Merapy, and 320000 local residents Stayed without bed.

Volcano Niiragongo, Congo

Nyragongo - one of the most active volcanoes On the African continent. He is known for its large lavam lakes in crater. Nyraongo represents great threat Nearby villages, because nowhere in the world there are no similar in the size of the stratulcanic lava lakes. From 1894 to 1977, the vertex crater Niiragono was filled with lava and, when the walls of the crater eventually cracked on January 10, 1977, "Lake" was spilled in huge burning flows carrying at a speed of about 100 km / h. These flows quickly covered nearby villages, as a result of which several thousand people died. In 2002, another strong eruption occurred, during which the stream of Lava passed even through the capital of the province of Goma. Fortunately, almost all the inhabitants were already evacuated, but still, 147 people died, and 4500 buildings were destroyed, leaving 120,000 people without a roof over her head.

Volcano Wywun, Papua New Guinea

Since the 1700s, there have been as many as 22 eruptions of the slave. The activity of this disaster volcano can lead to a real catastrophe and devastation of about 100 square kilometers of adjacent lands.

What are volcanoes? Mountains, spraying molten rocks on the surface of the Earth and falling asleep everything around ashes, or the most natural revenge of the gods? Who knows. Nevertheless, some volcanoes persistently do not want to fall into hibernation and constantly make tremendous those who have failed to settle in their immediate vicinity.

This is the most active and most deadly Indonesian volcano. For five of his eruptions from 1006 to 1930, more than 1,000 people died, and the 2010 eruption took the lives of another 353 people. After 2010, the Indonesian government created a forbidden zone around the volcano where people are not allowed. By the way, the inhabitants of Java, living near the volcano, believe that spirits live there and they must be pressed regularly so that they do not explore.

2. Yellowstone Caldera (USA)

Yellowstone national Park Every year hundreds of thousands of tourists visit, although it is probably one of the most dangerous places on Earth. Supervulkan Yellowstone Caldera takes almost a third of the park of the park and in lately Causes worry from volcanologists. In their opinion, the volcano has long called for a massive eruption, although it will definitely not lead to the apocalypse.

3. Vesuvius (Italy)

Vesuvy literally hangs over Naples and is the most "controlled" volcano on the planet. At different times, his eruptions, he either enveloped Europe with ash clouds, or completely destroyed everything alive at his foot for many decades. Remember the city of Pompei, forever buried under the thickness of volcanic ash in 79 AD. Since the volcano is still quite active, scientists constantly wait for a new volcanic vessel day, which, from a scientific point of view, can come at any time.

4. Sakuradzima (Japan)

In Japan there are 110 existing volcanoes. Of these, 47 are under close observation, and Sakuradzim Vulcan is considered the greatest threat to the Japanese. Despite his pictorial name (in translation means "island of cherry blossom"), he holds 700 thousand inhabitants of the nearby city of Kagosima in constant voltage. Previously, the volcano was an independent islandBut in 1914, he continuously resoled Lava for several months and as a result became part of the Island of Kyushu, at the same time carrying 35 people.

5. Nyragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Niragongo volcano is located on the rocky area of \u200b\u200bthe boundary between Ruda and Congo and is a constant danger to the region. Even when it does not erupt, out of its ventilation holes and pockets leaves the carbon dioxide, poisoning cattle and people. Lava in this volcano is more liquid than in other volcanoes, and can develop speed up to 100 km / h. During the last eruption of 2002, the nearby city of Goma was practically destroyed, as a result of which 200 thousand people were left without bed.

6. Fujiima (Japan)

Fujiima is not only a cultural landmark, but also a significant threat to the population, although this symbol of Japan has not been erupted about 300 years. After the earthquake in Tokhoku in 2011, the pressure in the magmatic chamber of Mount Fuji increased. Increased seismic activity in the country may well lead to the fact that Fujiima will wake up. And it will mean a catastrophe for 13 million inhabitants of nearby Tokyo.

7. Mauna Loa (USA)

Hawaii is volcanic islands, and the world's largest Hawaiian volcano Mauna Loa, though the oldest, but still very active. The erupting lava moves from the speed of a quick walk of man. In 1950, he gave the surface of almost 400 million cubic meters of Lava, which reached the ocean in three hours, overcoming the distance of 24 km. Since 1984, volcano has not been harmful since 1984, nevertheless, over the past decade, his top began to cause concern from seismologists.

8. Popochetetet (Mexico)

Although the volcano is located about 70 km south of the capital of Mexico City with its nine million population, it is still a powder bar, which enlightens possible trouble. In the period from 1994 to 2016, Popochettel was erupted 11 times before the death of frightening people and at the same time showing a picturesque show. His last major eruption was recorded in 2000, when 40 thousand people had to urgently evacuate. In March 2016, Popochetetet gave a post of 2 km in the sky in the sky. Fortunately, by this time the Mexican government has already created a "security ring" 11 km around the hot top.

Volcanic eruption is one of the most spectacular natural phenomenawhich attracts human attention to him despite a considerable danger. A particularly impressive picture is obtained when watching the night eruption. But for the surrounding nature of the volcanoes initially carry death. Feeding lava, pyroclastic flows, volcanic bombs can easily destroy nearby human settlements.

1. Lewlyalya, Argentina and Chile (6739 m)

This current volcano is located on the Chilean-Argentine border, in Peruvian Andes, in the Range of the Western Cordiller. As a few more high volcanoes It is located in hardly the most dry in the world of Atakam's desert, on the Pune de Atakam's alpine plateau. His peak is covered with eternal snow. In 1877 his last explosive eruption occurred, and now it is in the solfatar stage. Interestingly, in 1999, there were three mummified children's bodies near the top of the volcano, it is assumed that their inks brought sacrificing here about 500 years ago.

2. San Pedro, Chile (6145 m)

This active Andean volcano is located in the north of Chile, closer to the Bolivian border. It is located on the edge of the Atakam desert, the northeast of the city of Kalam, in the province of El Loa. This stratomulican mainly consists of basalts, datsites and andesites. East San Pedro is a similar volcano San Pablo, which has a height of 6092 meters. A high saddle stretched between the volcanoes. San Pedro was last erupted in 1960. Documentary confirmed first climbing on this top in 1903 was performed by the Frenchman George Courtes and Chilian Philoshon Morales.

3. Kotopakh, Ecuador (5897 m)

The active volcano of Kotopakh is the highest in Ecuador and the second top of the top of this country. This is one of highest vertices Western tip of the South American Range of the Eastern Cordiller. After 1738, this supercharge volcano everacted about 50 times, but in 1877 he fell for a long time. Finally, more than a century later, a new eruption of Kotopakh occurred in 2015. Translated from the language of Kechua, the name of the volcano can be translated as a "smoking mountain". In 1534, the first of its registered eruptions occurred, and the largest happened in 1532, 1742, 1768, 1864 and 1877. Until 1940, his minor activity was observed.
In 1768, the most destructive eruption of Kotopakh took place. From his train, in early April, a huge pillar of ash and a couple rose, and on April 4, emissions of lava, sulfur and pyroclastic flows began. As a result of a strong earthquake, the city of Latakung and nearby settlements were completely destroyed. The bang products of the volcano later found hundreds of kilometers from him, including on the shore of the Pacific Ocean and in the Amazon Pool.

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4. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (5895 m)

The highest peak of Africa Kilimanjaro is a potential stratululkan. The mountain is located in the north-east of Tanzania near the Plateau Masai, which itself is raised at 900 m above sea level. Volcanologists have discovered in 2003 that Magma is under the crater main vertex Cybo volcano at a depth of only 400 m. Now the volcano only throws gases and until nothing shows the proximity of the eruption. But there is an opinion that the dome of the volcano can collapse, and then a catastrophe may occur, similar to the one that happened during the eruption of the Holy Elena volcano. In the past, the shifts of soil and collaboration were already observed on Cybo, after one of which "Western Breach" was formed. Human history does not remember Kilimanjaro's eruptions, although local legends say about the prehistoric activity of the sleeping volcano.

5. Misty, Peru (5822 m)

This South American volcano is located on the southern territory of Peru. In winter, his peak is covered with snow. Misty is acting volcanoIn 1985, it was noted last, a rather weak eruption. The form of cone says that Misty is a conventional stratululkan, the eruption of which alternate the outpouring of the lava, then explosions with the release of pyroclastic flows and clouds of ashes. Volcano has three concentric crater. According to the research of volcanologists, five weak eruptions of this volcano occurred over the last century. But in the XV century, residents of the city of Arequipa due to a strong eruption of Misty were forced to run. Not far from the internal crater in 1998, they found 6 mummified bodies inks and a number of artifacts.

6. Orizaba, Mexico (5675 m)

This Mexican Volcano is the most high point countries and third in the whole North America. It refers to stratululkanam, and its eruptions were recorded in 1537, 1566, 1569, 1613, 1630 and 1687. The last eruption occurred in 1846, which proves - this volcano is among the most active. From his vertices, the city of Orizaba with a population of more than 117 thousand people and underlying the valley can be perfectly visible.

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7. Elbrus, Russia (5642 m)

Samoa high mountain in the territory modern Russia It is Caucasian Stratovolnik Elbrus. Its slopes cover glaciers, thawed water with the largest rivers Stavropol Territory and Caucasus - Malk, Kuban and Baksan. These places are very well, they are developed here. transport infrastructureso the surroundings of Elbrus are very popular with supporters of various species active rest (tourists, climbers, skiers). True, even the scientists themselves cannot firmly say whether Elbrus is extinct or still by the current volcano. Perhaps he will ever wake up a long hibernation, and maybe a new volcano will grow somewhere nearby.
That in the depths of Elbrus there is still a world life, says that there is a lot in its surroundings thermal sourcesThe most famous of them is Gila Su, in which water has a temperature of +24 degrees. If hot water constantly hits from under the ground - this means that volcanic processes are deeply in depths. In addition, people measured the temperature of the soil at an altitude of 5621 m (almost at the top), and it turned out to be +21 degrees, despite the air had -20 degrees. Therefore, green moss grows here in some areas. It is also an explicit evidence of the weak activity of the volcano. A number of scientists suggest that in a few hundredths, and, maybe thousands of years Elbrus will again wake up.

8. Popochetetet, Mexico (5426 m)

This is an active Mexican volcano, the name of which form two words from the Naiathl language: "Poop" means "smoking", and "Glanet" - "Hill". This is one of the most active Mexican volcanoes. After the beginning of the Spanish colonization of Mexico, he issued over 20 powerful eruptions. Many of his glaciers did not live before the start of the new millennium, instead of them there were layers of ice, to which Lava had not yet come up. From this even changed the local climate. Especially often the volcano began to erupt after 1994, and his last eruption occurred in 2015. The powerful eruption occurred in 2005, when volcanic bombs rose 3 kilometers into the air. In May 2013, there was also a strong eruption, then the debris was flying 700 meters from the crater.

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9. Sangai, Ecuador (5230 m)

This operating stratov toll is located in South America, on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. According to scientists, he appeared only 14 thousand years ago. In 1628, its first eruption was recorded, and the latter happened quite recently - in 2016. After 1934, the volcano began to erupt often. Its name can be translated as "inspiring fear" or "frightening". At the top of the volcano there are three crater with 50-100 meter diameters. At the same time, they are all active.

10. Tolima, Colombia (5215 m)

Tolima StratovOLikan is located in the Colombian Department of the same name, the Los Nevados National Park spread around him. It is also a fairly young volcano, which is about 40 thousand years old. The funnel-shaped crater, having a depth of 200-300 m, appeared from him quite recently - in about 1926. In the era of the Golocene, this volcano occurred an explosive eruption, differing in power: there were both moderate and plinian. The biggest eruption happened here about 3600 years ago. As for the last centuries, only small volcanic explosions were recorded. Over the past decades appearance The volcano is mainly changed due to the movement by its slopes of glaciers. It, in turn, is accompanied by noticeable seismicity and superficial activity.