Taj Mahal and interesting facts about him attract the attention of many tourists. In 2014, about 6.5 million people visited there. More than 53 events, circumstances and stories about construction and architecture, about the past and today's monument day are collected and set forth for you briefly in this article.

Tamerlan and his loved descendant Jahan

Taj Mahal built from white marble

1. On the territory of the modern Uzbekistan, the commander Tamerlan or Timur lived in the 14th century - the founder of the Timurid Empire (Sov. Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq). His descendant, the ruler of the Empire of the Great Mughal (Timurid state in the territory of modern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Southeast Afghanistan) in 1627-1658 - Padishah Shah-Jahan I, I immortalized my name Taj Mahala.
2. Taj Mahal - Mausoleum-Mosque, located in Agra (India).
3. To transfer the beauty of his beloved wife with the help of an architecture during the 14th birth, Padishah exchanged the palace in the center of the capital to Earth (a little more than hectares) 7 km from the city on the banks of the Sacred River Yamuna (Jamuna).
4. Soon after the construction of the Mausoleum, the son of Padishah began to manage the state, and his father continued to live comfortably in the Fort Delhi. After death, he was buried next to his wife. This fact is presented as the overthrow of the father and imprisoned him to prison. The opinion of Indian historians can be found from the publication "Taj Mahal, Tamerlan and Love at first sight" on the Zen Channel architecture.

6 interesting facts about how the Taj Mahal was built

1. In the works were employed 22,000 masters from Central Asia, Persia, Middle East. 37 specialists were responsible for the artistic appearance of the complex:
   • sculptors from Bukhara
   • calligraphers from Syria and Persia;
   • inlaid Masters from South India;
   • kamenotyoki from Beloohistan.
2. For the extension of building materials, a special 15-kilometer ramp was created, along which 30 bulls dragged the marble blocks in specially designed carts.
3. More than 1000 elephants brought materials from different parts of the Great Mogoli.
4. Water for construction delivered from the river with the help of a cable-vigor system.
5. The construction of the tomb took about 12 years. A little less was required for the rest of the complex: minarets, mosques, big gates, garden. But in time, the complex was built twice as long as the new capital of Mogoli (in the territory of the current Delhi).
6. The construction platform was raised on the 5th meters above the level of the river level with the replacement of the soil.

26 facts about the architecture of the Mausoleum

Central Hall of Mausoleum with Kenotafas of Padishah and his wife

1. Taj Mahal (or Taj) is recognized as the best sample. mogolsky Architectural style - "Pearl of Muslim architecture in India." He (style) arose on synthesis indian, Persian and Arabic architectural Styles.
2. Inside there are 2 tomb: Shah and his wife Arjuman Banu Bumumwhich are in the ground under Kenotafami.
3. Inspired by the verse Bibadal Khan, the court jeweler and the poet, Shah-Jahan conceived the complex as a copy of the house of dear Mumtaz (the title of Padishah's wife) in paradise. In this - the purpose of most of the funeral architectural structures Mugol.
4. The architecture of Taja has a mystical impact: the interaction of decor, geometry, materials, acoustics affects the mind, feelings and spirit of man. Mausoleum is unique with a combination of its simplicity and splendor. The unlimited generosity of Jahan in aggregate with the exquisite work of the best masters produce a hypnotizing impression. About this in the illusions and secrets Taj Mahal on the channel Zen architecture.
5. The inner hall of the Taj Mahala has the form of an ideal octagon and surrounded by eight rooms with passages. This reception creates aura of solemn serenity.
6. His symbolism is multifaceted: from combinations of materials and colors, reporting on belonging to the highest classes of society, to plant metaphor, which court chroniclers used to praise the dignity of the Padishah's personality and his family. For example, in Kenotafe Padishah is inkwell, and his wife is a surface for a letter. These details symbolize that a man writes his desires on the heart of a woman.
7. In the interior of the mausoleum there is a reverberation time (time spent on the repayment of ECHO) - 28 seconds. This is done specifically for the words of prayer about the soul of the beloved Mumtaz,digured in the air.
8. The complex has an axial symmetry regarding the grave of Mumtaz-Mahal. Only the tomb of Shah-Jahan himself violates it.
9. From all sides, the Taj Mahala has reservoirs, in which a building is fully reflected in a certain perspective.
10. During construction, a white marble from Rajasthan was used, which in the day sun has a dazzling-white color, at sunrise - milky white or pink, and with the moon - silver. By the qualities of its own marble is considered the best in the world. Shah-Jahan forbade use it for the construction of any other objects.

Taj Mahal in the light of the morning dawn

11. 4 Minal Towers are slightly rejected towards an earthquake case. They are captured by the Sacred poems of the Quran.
12. Architect of the most impressive, the main dome is considered to be Ismail Afadi from Turkey. Outside its height is 44.4 meters, and inside - 24.35 m.
13. The domes are crowned with gilded figures in Persian style. The crown of the main dome was originally made of pure gold, but in the 19th century he was replaced with bronze.
14. All decorative design elements of existing minarets are decorated with gilding.
15. Before the plunder of the mausoleum on Kenotafe Mumtaz One of the flowers was incrouted by 35 different precious stones, Including brought from the Urals, Malachite.
16. Ma sterils made marble lattices surround Kenotafes over graves.
17. What we do not see now, so it's a bowl, full jewelry on the grave of Mumtaz Mahal, Persian carpets on the floor, silver doorways and hanging chandeliers, which once amounted to the internal decor.
18. The ceiling is decorated with floral patterns andgeometric patterns - floor.
19. The most impressive view of the decor can be called stone inlay. Flowers are designed to the smallest details, and each point and alphabet of the sacred Quran are neatly engraved, cut out and inlaid to perfection.
20. The dome of the hall inside is decorated in the form of the sun.
21. From the top three sides, the complex is surrounded by gentle walls from red sandstone. The side along the river remained open.
22. The complex contains additional mausoleums for others Jahan Jakhan and one for a loved servant Mumtaz.
23. The main doors repeat the vaulted passengers of the tomb, the arches are decorated with the same decor. Initially, they were made of silver and called "Gate to Paradise".
24. No masters and designers will be able to reproduce this masterpiece today.
    

Paradise Bush

1. The garden around the tomb symbolizes Eden.
2. The sacred yamuna was included in the garden design, as one of the rivers.
   
3. The raised marble pool in the center, Al Kausar, personifies the paradise source referred to in the Quran. From him on four sides of the world, wide and shallow canals are deployed, separating the garden into four equal parts.
4. In the original form, the garden hit the variety of vegetation and was planned by the example of Persian gardens. There were exquisite varieties of roses, daffodils, lilies, irises, fruit trees and flowering shrubs. But over time, when the empire weakened, the garden came to the launch.
5. Today's landscape design - English style.

Taj Mahal: Interesting Facts of the present

1. Taj Mahal is included in the list of "7 new wonders of the world", which was compiled in 2007 by voting by more than 100 million people.
2. It is the UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983.
3. You can enter the tomb only to remove shoes or in disposable bochyllaces.
4. Previously, it was possible to rise upstairs minarets to admire the view. But after cases of suicide, the entrance is closed to the top.

Interior Taj Mahala

Myths and legends

Love at first sight

The prince walked around the Bazar of Agra (his capital) when he saw a 19-year-old girl. Love for beauty at first sight conquered the heart of the young man. Mumtaz-Mahal was as wise as beautiful.

Portraits of Mumtaz and Shah-Jahan

Being his main wife, she accompanied her husband in all military campaigns, supported him and gave advice. For 17 years of happy life, they had 14 children. Recent births took place in field conditions And the 38-year-old woman died. After 6 months later, returned to Agra, Padishah decided to build a mausoleum to fulfill the last desire for his beloved.

In the court chronicles, it is said that Arjuman Banu Bemum was a niece of his beloved wife of the father of Prince Hurram (the future emperor). At the age of 14, they were engaged with the prince. On the recommendation of the court astrologers, the wedding took place in 5 years. So, indeed, the girl was at that moment 19 years old.

Arjuman became his third wife. After the wedding, the spouse began to call her Mumtaz-Mahal, which means "Chosen Palace", because In appearance and character, she became the best for him. Subsequently, Shah-Jahan took two more wives, but Mumtaz remained beloved. The history of relations between them was recorded by the court chronicles, which personally followed Padishah.

Mystery of the Black Taj Mahal

There is a legend that Shah-Jahan wanted to build another palace on the opposite bank of the river, but already from black marble. These rumors began to spread after the notes of Jean-Batista Tavernier. He kept in his hands the European trading in diamonds with India and went there five times. After traveling to Agra in 1665 (8 years after the end of construction), he recorded the impressions of the mausoleum, including on the opposite bank of the river. However, the overthrown son banned the construction.

Slices of black marble lying on the opposite shore, quite fit this hypothesis. But in the 90s of the twentieth century, archaeological excavations found that in fact the chunks of the "black" marble are blackened white marble. When in 2006 finished the reconstruction of the Lunar Garden (Agra Park on the opposite shore of the Yamuna), it was discovered that the most beautiful view The Taj opens from here. And the second mausoleum is a complete reflection of the palace in the water.

Generosity of Padishah

Instead of light scaffolding for work around the structure, capital forests made of bricks were constructed. For their complete removal, many months were required. They say to speed up the process, Padishah announced that bricks can take home any in an unlimited quantity. And since the brick at that time was a valuable building material, it took only one day to parsing forests.

Salvation Taj Mahala

1. At the end of the 19th century, during a civil uprising in India, the complex was plundered. The English colonists cut down the precious materials from the walls of the building, the gold and silver details of the buildings were cleaned. Lord George Nathaniel Kerzzon, being the vice-king of India, conceived a large-scale reconstruction to restore the magnificence of the mosque. In 1908, the work was completed. The garden was redone under the British landscape style. In the place of the stolen silver gate set copper. Gold replaced bronze.
2. During wars in 1942, 1965, 1971, the government masked the Taj Mahal by construction forests. Thanks to this, the building has been preserved.
3. Recently, cracked detected in the walls of the Taj Mahal. Specialists associate this with the crime of the Yamuna River. This leads to a change in the structure of the soil. There is an opinion that Mausoleum sends and can collapse over time.
4. Marble began to lose its legendary whiteness. Explain this air pollution. Therefore, in the city of Agora, where many production is located, but not everything closed, but not all, but to the very monument you can drive up only on electrical transport or go on foot.
5. Marble has to regularly clean a special clay to maintain it white.
6. Due to the pollution of Jamunas, the insect populations increased strongly, which leave their green-black excrement on white marble. To do this, it is necessary to stop reset to the river out of 52 pipes in order to naturally resolve the issue.
7. South China Morning Post reported that the authorities of India are going to limit access to the monument in order to preserve it.

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Mausoleum Taj Mahal, located in the city of Agra, is one of the most famous sights of the whole world. The structure was erected by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz-Mahal, dead at childbirth. This sad and incredibly touching story gives Mausoleum a halo of romance. Taj Mahal is a beautiful building of the world that has become an eternal love symbol.

When looking at this snow-white, huge, but at the same time seemingly an inexplicable feeling of sadness certainly arises. From history, it is known that this mausoleum is built for Mumtaz-Mahal - the beloved third wife Shah Jakhan, who in 1631 died at the birth of their fourteenth child. Sorrow Shah Bala is so great that it could not drown a huge harem, nor gold and jewelry. The creation of this incredible on the scale and beauty of the building seems to be an expression of deep grief and recognition in eternal love.

The Mausoleum Taj Mahal is also a unique sample of architecture, combining elements of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles. This building is a complex of structures, the central and main element of which is a white marble mausoleum.

The construction of this miracle lasted years (began in 1632, it ended in 1653), thousands of masters and artisans were involved, the whole advice of architects led by Ahmad Lahauri was operated. By 1648, the main mausoleum was completed, and the adjacent structures and the garden were finished only in five years.

Mausoleum Taj Mahal

The architectural center of the Taj Mahal complex is the tomb. It is simply huge in size, made of white marble, located on the pedestal of a square shape and is a symmetric building with an arched opening, topped with a large dome. The main architectural elements of Persian origin.

Inside the mausoleum, two tombs - Mumtaz-Mahal and Shah himself. In height, the construction reaches 74 meters, 4 minaret is located at its corners, slightly tilted away from the building. It was made specifically that in case of falling they could not damage it.

The marble dome of the mausoleum has a peculiar form, due to which it is called the "onion dome" and has a height of 35 meters. Its form is underlined by four smaller domes located at the corners of the tomb and having the same "onion" form.

The main dome was decorated with a crown with a crescent from pure gold, which in the 19th century was replaced with a bronze copy.

Minarets are created as the acting parts of the mosques, from which the call of Muslims to prayer sounds. Each minaret has a height of 40 meters and is divided into three equal parts by zooming balconies. Decorative elements that are decorated with minarets are also gilded.

Exterior Taj Mahal

The exterior of the Taj Mahal is rightly recognized as one of the best in the world. Decorative design is made using various types of plaster, paints, inlays and carved elements. In Islam, it is forbidden to use anthropomorphic forms, so the elements are symbols, abstractions and vegetable motifs.

The entire complex is decorated with excerpts from the Quran as decorative elements. At the entrance to the Taj Mahal Park on the gate, four Ayata 89th of the Koran Al-Fajr (Zarya) are inscribed:

"About the soul who has serenity in truth!

Return to your Lord with the contented bliss of the Milosts of Allah, which has gained the favor of Allah with their good deeds, perfect in earthly life!

Enter my pious slaves!

Enter my paradise - the dwelling of eternal bliss! "

Abstract forms decorate many parts of the complex. They are found at the pedestal, minarets, gates, mosques and on the surfaces of the grave. At the bottom of the tomb there are marble figures of colors and grape vines. All images are carefully polished and encrusted with yellow marble, jashed and jade.

Interior of the Taj Mahal

The interior of the Taj Mahal is not entirely traditional. The interior decoration is rich in elements with precious and semi-precious stones and inlays, and the hall is an octagon perfectly correctly forms in which you can enter any of the sides. But only one door from the south of the garden is used.

The ceiling of the hall is made in the form of the inner dome, and decorated in the form of the sun. The inner space of the hall is divided into part of the eighth large arches. Balconies I. viewing platforms Formed four central arches. The illumination of the hall is provided by the overview window and special holes in the corners of the roof.

In the center of the hall are the tombs of Mumtaz-Mahal and Shah Jahan. They generously decorated with precious stones. On the tombstone, the Mumtaz-Mahal applied inscriptions, praising it, as well as a rectangle, one of the versions designed for writing. The only asymmetric element in the whole complex of the Mausoleum is the tomb of Shah Jakhan, the reason for this is that it is the ball is completed later. It is decorated with the same decorative elements, but more in size.

Gardens Taj Mahal

The garden, located in front of the Taj Mahal Mausoleum, is simply beautiful. It has a length of 300 meters, four parts, which are separated by original raised paths for sixteen flower. The channel located in the center of the garden is lined with marble and reflects as in the mirror the image of the mausoleum. Previously, the Park Description contains a mention of the abundance of vegetation - a variety of fruit trees, refined roses, daffodils. However, during the reign of Britain, the garden was treason almost beyond recognition - all vegetation was reduced to an ordinary green lawn.

Adhesive buildings

In addition to the main elements of the Mausoleum, the complex has several small mausoleums, where the rest of the wife of Shah is resting, and more in the size of the structure - the favorite servant Mumtaz-Mahal. The main gates are a monumental structure made from marble. The gateway repeats on the form of vaulted passages of the mausoleum, and the arches decorate the same decorative elements. All elements of the complex are surprisingly accurately planned geometrically and symmetrical in relation to the main building.

Taj Mahal Construction History

The land plot on which the Taj Mahal was erected was acquired by Shah Jahan at Maharaja Gay-Singha in exchange for grand Palace in the center of Agry. The fucking of construction work was dug a giant pit, then he was filled with dirt for strengthening the soil, and the construction itself was raised above the level of the river 50 meters. In addition, deep wells were torn to the water removal and filled with rubble. Strong brick forests were erected, significantly facilitating construction.

In order to transport the materials to the construction site, a fifteen-meter trench was emitted, according to which stubborn from 20-30 oxes pulled huge blocks. For feeding to a complex of water from the river, a system of tanks was created. The total cost of construction amounted to about 32 million rupees.

And almost immediately after the completion of the construction of the Taj Mahal, Aurangzeb Sverded his father Shah Jakhan and sharpened him in Fort Delhi.

By the end of the 19th century, the majestic structures came to be launched and was looted by the British. Lord Kerzzon spent almost complete reconstruction of the Taj Mahal and Garden.

Nowadays, a new threat arose over the complex - environmental pollution gradually leads to the destruction of the building of the Mausoleum. The government takes measures aimed at changing the situation, but so far to no avail.

Taj Mahal is the main attraction of India, attracting about 3 million tourists annually. This is a significant article of the country's budget income. It is open to a visit daily, except Friday.

According to the legend on another bank, the Jamna River must have a black reflection of the Taj Mahala - such a mausoleum planned to build Shah Jahan for himself. However, his plans were not destined to come true due to the betrayal of the Son.

Taj Mahal Constructed on the banks of the Jamna River, two kilometers from the city of Agra, which from 1526 to 1707 (alongside Delhi) was the capital of the Mogolskaya Empire. This monument of Mausoleum tells about the tender love of the ruler from the Dynasty of the Great Mughal to his wife - the beauty of Mumtaz Mahal (in Maiden - Ardzhumanad Banu Ragham), the niece of a strong and influential slander at the court of the Indian ruler.

The name of Ardjumanad Banu Runs is surrounded by legends and secrets. In 1612, at the nineteenth age, she married Prince Khurram, who then became a Padishah Shah-Jahan. During the wedding ceremony, the father of the groom, Grozny Dzhangir, Nare his daughter-in-law and his wife's niece - "Decoration of the Palace" (Mumtaz Mahal).

Young spouses gently loved each other. French doctor, philosopher and traveler Francois Bernier, who lived in India twelve years old, noted in his notes that Shah Jahan was so in love with his young wife that "did not pay attention to other women while she was alive." But he, like any eastern ruler, was a harem - and big.

In 1629, a year after the edition of the throne, Shah-Jahan with an arger came out of Agra and headed for the south to shiver the governor of the rebellious dean. The uprising was suppressed, the governor is dismissed, but alone returned to Agru Shah-Jahan. Mumtaz Mahal, never separated from her husband, during this hike died in his arms, giving him a fourteenth child. His grief was so great that he wanted to commit suicide.

At first, Mumtaz was buried in the city of Burkhanpur (the territory of the current state of Madhya Pradesh), because there was a camp of Shah-Jahan's arrow. And only six months later, the coffin with her body was transported to Agra, where later the Mausoleum was ascended over her grave, who (according to Shah-Jahan) was to become a symbol of the beauty of his deceased spouse.

Construction of a five-populated building of the Mausoleum, superior to the size and luxury, all the others, then in India, continued for more than twenty years (from about 1630 to 1652). The height of the Taj Mahal along with the dome reaches 74 meters. Based on the monument lies a square platform with parties more than 95 meters. At the corners of the mausoleum rise four minarets.

The walls of the Taj Mahal are posted by polished marble, outside in some places are supplemented with red sandstone. In the windows and arches - openwork lattices, vaulted transitions are decorated with Arabic letters, which moved to a stone 14 of 114 Sur Koran.

Up to 20,000 people participated in the construction of this grand constructure. The name of the architect, embodied the plan of Shah-Jahan, is unknown. Some attribute to the creation of this world art monument with European architects. However, the study of the architectural features of the Taj Mahal allows us to conclude that it was embodied the best features of the medieval architecture of Iran and Central Asia along with the monumental art of ancient India.

But other scientists by the author of this masterpiece call different, but completely specific persons. However, the most widely extended the view that the best architects of the Taj Mahal took part in the development of the Taj Mahal project, headed by the Agrian architect of the Fastener-Ines. It is possible that one of the authors was Shah-Jahan himself, who possessed an extraordinary artistic taste.

The magnificent garden, built on the principle of Char Baga, was planted around the Taj Mahal in Agra Shah-Jahan: on the plot of land divided into four parts. In the center there is a marble reservoir. Unlike other structures, which were usually placed in the center of the Garden, the Taj Mahal is located at its beginning. Along the irrigation canal with fountains, cypresses are planted, the outlines of the crumbs of which are harmonized with the domes of four minarets.

Opposite the Taj Mahala, on the other side of Jamna, Shah-Jahan thought to build another tomb-for myself. According to the plan, his mausoleum was to reproduce the shape of the Taj Mahal, but would not be made from white, but from black marble. Both mausoleums had to be connected by the bridge. However, the plans and plan of Shah-Jahan did not exercise.

When Shah-Jahan got sick seriously, the question arose, who from the sons to take his throne. The eldest son, Dara-Shikov, was like-minded father, grandfather and great-grandfather. He wanted the unity of the country, the world with the Hindu, the Union with Rajput and Marath Raja. Muslim Mullah and Veelmazby Wall stood at the second son - Aurangseeb, cruel and gloomy Muslim fanatics.

Aurangzeb won his brother and entered Agra with troops. Here he learned that his father had safely recovered and was not going to free the throne. But the authorities, one day, in his hands, is not easy to voluntarily give. How long will your father live? And Aurangzeb ordered the arrest of his father and sharpened him into the fortress. From the heavy stone frame of the window was only a light like a cloud, a white mausoleum of a long-dead wife.

Heavy sick, sipped from power, Shah-Jahan watched hours from the Agro Fortress on the Taj Mahal, where Mumtaz Mahal, which he loved so much. And after death and he was buried in the same tomb, in one crypt with Mumtaz Mahal. Now right above the crypt, in the central hall, decorated with gold and silver ornament, are two stone slabs: one - over the grave of Mumtaz Mahal, the other - over the grave of Shah-Jahan.

A lot of legends are folded about the Taj Mahal. And many young men, suffering from unrequited love, climbed the minarets and rushed down with faith that the lover's location would be achieved. Then the entrances to minarets closed to cool in love, sacrificing life in the hope of finding love.

Taj Mahal in Agra became one of the most famous monuments of world architecture and included in. The marble of walls, agadas and diamonds, inserted into the ornament curls, directed by the dome of the tomb, the day reflected in the waters of Jamna and overflowing at night in the light of the moon - such is the Taj Mahal, with hundreds of poets.

Taj Mahal "This is a mosque combined with a mausoleum located in Agra on the shores of the local River Jamna. It is not known about who exactly the architect of this building. This construction was built on the orders of Shah-Janakha, which is a direct descendant of the famous Tamerlane. The Padisham of the Empire of the Great Mughal elevated the Taj Mahal for his wife Mumtaz-Mahal, who died at the birth of 14 children. Subsequently, Shah Jahan himself was buried here.

Taj Mahal (it is also called simply "Taj") is the most famous example of the style of architecture Mogul. He absorbed the elements of Islamic, Indian and Persian architectural styles, as in the culture of Mugolov there is a lot of borrowing. Taj Mahal received the status of the object World Heritage UNESCO in the 83th year of the twentieth century. He is considered a generally accepted masterpiece and pearl of Muslim culture, which people admire different countries planets.

Taj Mahal is a structurally integrated complex. Its construction began in 1632, and the work was finished only by 1653, that is, lasted for more than two decades. About twenty thousand masters and ordinary workers worked on the construction of the facility. The construction of the leading architects of the time was also led by the leading architects, but it is not known for certain, who exactly made the main contribution to the final result. The Creator of this famous building is usually considered Lahauri, but some information suggests that Turkey Mohammed Efendi is the chief architect. In any case, this question is unlikely to be able to receive an answer.

Inside the mausoleum you can see the tomb of Shah and his spouses. But in fact, they are buried not under the tombs, but slightly lower, underground.

The Taj Mahal is a five-populated building, whose height reaches 74 meters. It was built on the platform with four minarets in the corners. Minarets have a small slope away from the tomb so that in case of collapse, do not damage it.

Nearby is a garden with fountains. The walls are posted from a translucent marble, which had to be brought here from afar. The masonry is made with inlaid from gems. Thanks to this, the walls in the daylight look snow-white, they seem pink at the dawn, and the lunar night has a silver shade.

The construction of this building was held for a long time and at the facility managed to work more than twenty thousand people from different ends of the country, as well as from other states of Asia and the Middle East. Each of them contributed to the final result.

Taj Mahal erected a little south of Agri, which was surrounded by a high wall guarding the city. Shah-Jahan personally engaged in the choice of the site and exchanged a huge palace on him, which is located in the very center of Agry. As a result, construction began on a platform of approximately 1.2 hectares. To start the ground, the ground has replaced and replaced the soil, and then built the platform, which rose five meters above the bank's level of the local river. In the future, the construction of the foundation began, which was to become the basis of a massive building and during its construction the most modern technologies at that time were applied. It was thoroughly built even forests that were not bamboo, as usual, and bricks. They turned out so massive that the masters were afraid that after the end of construction they would have to disassemble for several years. But it turned out everything is somewhat different. Give says that Shah-Jahan announced that anyone can take so much bricks as the forests wanted hardly for one night, since in those days it was a popular building material.

The marble was transported with a special ramp, built from the pressed land. Along it, thirty bulls dragged each block to the construction site. The blocks were raised to the desired level using specially designed mechanisms. The proximity of the river also allowed to quickly produce water. The special cable system made it possible to fill the reservoirs as quickly as possible, after which water from the tanks from specially paved pipes was transported directly to the construction site. Work in this sense was done huge.

The tomb and platform were built in 12 years, and all other parts of the complex were built ten more. The construction was divided into steps and largely due to this it was possible to achieve timely delivery of all objects. Forces were not sprayed, but accumulated on a specific form of work.

Taj Mahal in 1865

Building materials were coming here from all over India and even from neighboring powers of Asia, therefore more than one thousand elephants were used for transportation. The Taj Mahal was really built by the whole country, and a huge amount of strength, time and money went on his construction.

Taj Mahal in 1890

From the very beginning of its existence, the Taj Mahal was not only a source of universal admiration, but also an excellent reason for creating myths and legends on its basis. As you know, any beautiful history surrounds a lot of accompanying narches, some of which is true, and the other full of half and fiction. Sometimes it is impossible to figure out where the truth, and where is the fiction. What exactly is true, and the number of legends themselves is not calculating, we will focus on the most remarkable.

The most common myth is that the Taj Mahal should have become not the only mausoleum. According to the legend, in front of it, another mausoleum was supposed to appear, but already from black marble. The new building should have been growing on the other side of the river, but this was prevented by certain circumstances. So, they say that Shah-Jahans tribal did not have time to finish the construction due to the fact that he was overthrown with the throne with his own son and the legal heir to Aurangzeb. This legend has been reinforced by the fact that on the opposite bank of the river, it was indeed discovered by ruins from black marble. But everything fell into place at the end of the twentieth century, when excavations and research were made to understand that black marble is actually just a white marble from time to time. At the same time, the pond in the Lunar Garden (there was due to the appreciation to be the second mausoleum) was reconstructed, it turned out that the reflection of the Taj Mahal in the water of the pond looks black and can be considered without problems. Perhaps the pond was built only for these purposes.

There is no evidence and the fact that after the construction completion, the architect cut off his hands so that he could not recreate such beauty. According to another version, the builders signed a special agreement that will never build anything similar to the Taj Mahal. Such legends accompany almost any known structure and are a fantasy of pure water.

Another legend applies to the fact that in the middle of the nineteenth century William Bentink planned to completely destroy the mausoleum and sell his marble at a large auction. Most likely, this myth arose after Bentink sold marble from the design of one of the forts in the city of Agra, but he did not have such plans regarding the tomb.

Often embellish the reality and guidebooks, according to which Shah-Jahan was overthrown with his son, admired the Taj Mahal straight because of his lattice of his dungeon. In fact, nothing like this was, since Shah-Jahan contained in more than comfortable conditions in the Red Forest, located in Delhi. From there Taj Mahal, of course, it is impossible to see. Here, the storytellers deliberately replace the Delian Red Fort by the fact that it is located in Agra. From the Red Fort in Agra really is really visible. It turns out that most of the myths and stories about the famous mausoleum are no more than the usual fudges, let and very beautiful.

Wonders of Light: Taj Mahal is a love story.

Taj Mahal is located in the city of Agra, located two hundred kilometers south of Delhi, which in India, on the banks of the river Jamna.

Paul Moria "Indian Heat"

Divine, shining, and, despite its 74-meter height, such a light and air, which is like a fabulous dream, rises in the Valley of the Yamuna River Taj Mahal - the most beautiful architectural creation of India, and perhaps the whole land ... Highly The sky is rushed into the sky - one large and four small, in chaste the outlines of which female forms can be guess. Reflecting in the fixed stroy of the artificial canal, the Taj Mahal seems to pour in front of us, which is a sample of extraterrestrial beauty and perfect harmony.

Beautiful with his perfect forms, Taj Mahal is striking and its details - elegant carvings, openwork lattices and colored pebbles. The vaulted transitions are decorated with Arabic, imprinted on the stone some of the Sur Koran.

But not only architectural perfection attracts millions of traveling from around the world to Taj Mahalu. No less impression on the hearts of people produces and the history of its occurrence ... History, more similar to the eastern fairy tale or the legend, which would envy any poet ...

The history of Taj Mahala tells about the tender love of the Mogoli ruler Shah Jakhan to his wife, beautiful Mumtaz.

Having met in the bazaar an excellent poor girl with wooden beads in his hands, Prince Khurram fell in love with her at first glance and firmly decided to take beauty to his wife. Mumtaz Mahal became a man to whom he completely trusted and even consulted. She was the only one of his harem accompanied him in military campaigns. For 17 years, their marriage was born 13 children. But Mumtaz Mahal did not survive severe births of the 14th.

Hoore Khurram decided to build a tomb for his beloved wife, called the Taj Mahal. Mausoleum built over 20,000 people within 22 years. It was spent on its construction more than 32 million rupees. When the construction approached the end, in 1653, the aging ruler gave the order to embark on the construction of the second building - the Mausoleum for himself, the exact copy of the first, but from the black marble. But this was not destined to be fulfilled. In 1658, Shah Jahan surges his son Aurangzeb.

He stopped the construction of the second mausoleum, and his father sharpened until the end of his life in the Tower of the Red Fort in Agre.

As often happens in history, the wilts of fate king overnight lost his power. And, once the great Shah Jahan, the ruler of India, was sharpened in heavy chains and was thrown into prison ... a seriously ill, sad, lonely and exhausted ... Once he owned a whole world, now he had nothing .. . Nothing, except for one single joy - a narrow prison window. It did not see any endless valleys native landNor dark bunches of mango trees nor the golden sunrise of the gentle sun ... In a small window frame, he was visible only - a similar dream, shining like a snow-white swan in heaven, the mausoleum of his long-dead beloved ...

View of the Distant Taj Mahal From Shah Jahan "S Marble Prison

Shah Jahan "S Prison

Shah Jahan "S Prison

Soon the great and defeated king was buried in the same tomb, next to his beloved ... Such is this beautiful and sad story, who gave us samples of great love and great creativity ... Taj Mahal remains the most wonderful and great Indo-Islamic work Art, revered now as the most beautiful structure on Earth, and is a place of compulsory visiting for any person traveling in this amazing country.

Taj Mahal - Tombs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal

For the construction of the Taj Mahal from all over the world, the top twenty thousand masters gathered. White marble walls were decorated with a mosaic of a large number of various gems. In the center of Mausoleum, Taj Mahal stood, the so-called false tombs, but the scleps were located under the floor and securely protected from prying eyes. The walls of the burial hall were inlaid with elegant stone flowers.

The Taj Mahal Gateway

The Taj Mahal Gateway

The Taj Mahal Gateway

The tomb is built from marble (it had to be delivered to a place from a quarry for 300 kilometers), but the building is not fully constructed in white. The surface of it is inlaid by thousands of precious and semi-precious stones, and black marble was used for calligraphically performed ornaments. Skilled handmade, filigree decorated, marble lining discarded, depending on the fall of light, fascinating shadows. Once the doors in the Taj Mahal were of silver. Inside there was a parapet of gold, and the fabric was covered with pearls lying on the tomb of the princess installed on the place of her burning. Thieves kidnapped these precious items and repeatedly tried to knock out gems Inlair. But, despite all this, Mausoleum and every visitor today is admiration.

A magnificent decorative park with lakes, fountains and canals that took a total of 18 hectares was broken around the Taj Mahala. Unlike other structures, which were usually placed in the center of the garden, Taj Mahal is located at its end, being his crown. Along the artificial channel with fountains, cypresses are planted, the outlines of the crowns of which are crushed with the domes of four minarets ...

At the far end of the complex there are two large buildings from the same red sandstone, located on both sides of the tomb. They are absolutely identical, their color is shadowing the whiteness of its walls. The building on the left was used as a mosque, and the identical building on the right was built for symmetry.

Taj Mahal Mosque

Rich Decorated Interior of the Mosque of Taj

Taj Mahal Mosque

TAJ MAHAL MEETING HOUSE

TAJ MAHAL MEETING HOUSE

The construction of these buildings was completed in 1643.

Currently, the Taj Mahal is introduced by UNESCO to the World Heritage List of Humanity and is one of the 7 new miracles of the world.

Taj Mahal

Eternal love dedicated
In it, the passion is invisible shaft
South Star Lighted,
Magic standing Taj Mahal

Miracle built architect
The path to perfection was looking for
But it was blinded, and in one
The best world did not see

Hymn for Divine Towers
In marble, the architect created
And feelings full bowls
Terrifying people distributed

From light and music is complicated
Love unearthly pedestal,
With white swan similar
The Taj Mahal tajed from heaven.

Copyright: Alexander Kravets 2, 2011

Majestic Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal, Taj Mahal (ताज) - is at the same time mosque for believers and a museum museum for visitors. Located in India, the city of Agra on the banks of the Jamna River.

Who accurately erected the Taj Mahal is reliably unknown, but probably the architect was the advantage-Isa. Mosque-Mausoleum was built on the orders of Emperor Shah-Jahan, who was a descendant of Tamerlane, in honor of his wife Mumtaz-Mahal.

Mumtaz-Mahal died in difficult birth. Later, the emperor himself was buried here. The Taj Mahal is recognized as the UNESCO World Heritage Site and is the best architectural example of Mogolov skill. Pearl of India admires people all over the world.

In one object, elements of Persian, Indian and Islamic styles were combined. Attracting the eyes of all observers is the White Dome and numerous turrets.
Taj Mahal began to build 1632 and finished only in 1653. More than 20,000 workers, builders, artisans participated in the construction. The walls of this grand building are made of polished translucent marble. It has such a feature that the day appears to be purest white, he is pink at the dawn, and at night in the light of the moon - silver. In addition, the walls are incrouted with turquoise, agate, malachite, carnelian and other gems.

Taj Mahal is also a symbol of eternal love. Legends say that Jahan met a young girl in the bazaar and was so blinded by her beauty, which, not paying attention to the fact that she was a girl from the poor family, took her in wives. Shaha had a lot of wives and concubines, but so far, His Mumtaz-Mahal was alive, he spent all the time only with her. She accompanied him everywhere, even in distant wanderings and military campaigns, steadyly carrying all the tights and deprivation. The wife gave birth to him 13 children, but the fourteenth could not give birth and died with heavy births at 36 years. Shah-Jahan was out of herself from grief and was even on the verge of suicide. As a result, this beautiful and clean love was erected by the Great Mausoleum, who now amazes people with their beauty.

Taj Mahal in India is close to Agra. In his external magnitude, he resembles a temple, but in fact it is a mausoleum built in honor of the second wife Shah Jakhan - Mumtaz Mahal (in another Arjumand Bano Beam).

History and legends Mumtaz Mahal

The translation of the Taj Mahal means the crown of Mughal. For some time, he was also called the Taj Bibi-like Raus or the burial site of the Queen of the Heart. According to the old legend, Prince Guram, the future Shah Jahan, once on the market saw a poor girl. Looking at her eyes, he immediately decided to take her to his wives. So in 19 years old Argumand Bano Bemum acquired the status of the second wife of Prince Guram. Gurama had many other wives and concubines, but it was Mumtaz who won the heart of the future ruler for a long time.

Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal

During the conquest of the throne, Mumtaz became the most faithful associate of the prince. But the struggle was serious: the prince opposed his brothers, and also had to hide from the native father of Jahangira. But still in 1627, Guram managed to capture the throne and get the status of Shah Jahan - the Lord of the World.

Mumtaz occupied an important place in the life of the government. Shah Jakhan arranged different techniques and feasts in her honor. Mumtaz was present at all important state ceremonies, she was heard even at government councils.

Specific facts about the life and death of Mumtaz in different sources are confused, which over time made them legend. So Mumtaz gave birth to nine or thirteen children, and died in 1636 or 1629. It is confused and the reason for one of them was sick, on the other died during childbirth. Much is reduced to the fact that this event occurred during a return with a victory from Dean. The legend also states that before the death of Mumtaz asked her husband to build a tomb equal to their love.

History of creating mausoleum

Initially, the queen was buried in Burkhan-Nure, where she died. Six months later, her remains were delivered to Agra. And on the anniversary of the death of Shah Jahan began the construction of a mausoleum. The best architects of the East took part in the project competition. All the masters surpassed the architect Usto Isa Khan Effesti from Shiraza. His project as a whole, I really liked the emperor, and was only partially changed later.

22 years old 20 thousand people built this attraction of India. The tomb itself was taken by a wall made of red sandstone. Before Mausoleum Taj Mahal built a huge courtyard for the future garden. According to one of the beautiful legends on the opposite side of the Jamna River, the ruler began the construction of another of the same in shape, but from black marble, the Mausoleum for himself. In this legend and in common architecture The buildings are visible by the love of Shah Jahan to symmetry. The construction of the anticopian of the Mausoleum was not destined to come true - his son Aurangzeb intercepts the throne and sharpens the Father in the Red Fort. So Shah Jahan spent his last years of life under house arrest and died in 1666.

According to the will of the father, Aurangzeb transfers his body to the Taj Mahal to his wife. Here were buried and many other wives Shah Jahan, as well as some family members and their approximate.

The Taj Mahal is really a very beautiful building. No description, photo or video will not be able to transfer all the true beauty of this facility. The architecture of the structure conveys a mixture of Indian, Persian and Islamic architecture. Fortress walls in the corners are framed by pavilions tower. The center towers the tomb building itself in transfusion colors depending on the lighting. At night, it seems dazzling white, and in the period of spill of the river, all this beauty is exactly reflected in its course.

On three sides the building surrounds the park. The facade of the palace is a marble portal, adjacent to the parties with two dome towers. On the central axis of the mausoleum before the facade is the irrigation canal, separated by the pool. From the pool to the side of the four minarets, the tracks are extended, which, because of cases of suicide, access was closed.

Feeling lightness of the building from afar reinforces its decoration with a more careful study. So the walls are painted with a subtle pattern, marble blocks are encrusted with gems that are transfusing to light. It seems that this building was erected quite recently. It is not surprising that by the next legend, Shah Jahan ordered to cut off his hands to the architect, so that he could not repeat the like.

Two side stairs lead to the second floor of the tomb, where under a huge dome rising to a height of 74 meters, open terraces spread. In the facade of the building, niches are cut out, which further enhances the sense of weightless building. Entering the passage of the facade, you can see the spacious hall, in the center of which are two white sandy sarcophagus.

Sarcophagi

The walls of the building are decorated with mosaics from stones. They are woven into many plants, garlands of flowers, letters. Arches arches are painted by fourteen sourses from the Quran.

Indian Taj Mahal, a famous monument of love, which has long become a symbol of this country. This is one of the most popular attractions from tourists, perceiving as an eternal love story in stone.