Russian Bridge in Vladivostok: Technical Features and Interesting Facts. Bridge on the island of Russian, the longest guy bridge in the world The destruction of the bridge on the island of Russian

Where all all began

The issue of building a bridge, which will establish a regular communication between Vladivostok and Russian Island, rose even in Tsarist Russia. All this time local residents There were only two possible options for crossing the mainland: ferry, as well as a hiking layer in the layer of ice covering the shed in winter.

The first engineering project of the Russian bridge was developed back in 1939. It was assumed that the design would be wooden and connect the Tokarevsky Cape and Elena Island. Later attempts to build a structure (70s, 80s) and remained under development.

The last time the need to create a bridge through the strait was spoken in connection with the preparation for the APEC summit. As part of the investment project, the Russian island was supposed to turn into the largest center of international cooperation, and this required to establish transport connection With mainland.

Despite the fact that the next economic crisis has accompanied the upcoming event, the government decided not to give up the decision. Moreover, the construction of such a grand object as the Russian bridge should have given a tangible impetus for the revival of the Far Eastern region.

Design and construction

In 2007, the Scientific and Production Association "Mostovik" received permission to create a project of the future bridge. Among several proposed engineers, preference was given to the guy design. The foundation of the future construction was supposed to serve pylons that would "carry" the main weight of the bridge. For the load distribution, a well-thought-out system of cables (guys) was to be answered. Metal cables were attached to different pylon points in the form of a fan, giving the design maximum stability.

The main difficulty at the same time was to be too short, allocated to the design of the Russian bridge. It was necessary not only to develop a plan of the object, but also to take into account such negative factors as unstable weather conditions, high seismic activity of the region, as well as seasonal temperature fluctuations. In addition, it was necessary to take into account and the inevitable dawn of ships passing through the strait, and at the same time the half-meter ice crust formed on the water surface in the winter period. However, contrary to all difficulties, the project managed to fully complete and transfer to construction companies after 8 months, which became a kind of global record.

Work on the construction of the Russian bridge began in September 2008. The construction was commissioned by the General Contractor "Usk Bridge", the creation of Vant took on the French company Freyssinet, and the Russian team of MT Electro specialists took up the backlight project.

Especially to reduce the load on the design, a special variety of a vant with a ribbed surface was created. It was assumed that the chain of "grooves" would be assigned to the cables, and air flows, thereby increasing the endurance of the Russian bridge.

Construction of the construction was sometimes in extreme conditions. Slow gusts of wind, low temperatures - all these negative factors were unchanged satellites of installation work. As an example, it suffices to bring the fact that the latest consoles that had to close the design were installed at night. Since under the influence of solar radiation, the parameters of metal blocks can change their characteristics, and the maximum accuracy is needed for dusting the grooves, the work was carried out at night.

Records of the Russian Bridge

• The structure has the highest pylons (carrier structural elements) - 324 m.
• Compared to all existing similar structures, the Russian bridge has a maximum guided span (1104 m).
• During the construction of the bridge, the longest guys were used (cables that are fastened to pylons) - from 135 to 580 m.

The overall length of the design, including the overpass, is 3100 m. The length of the bridge is directly 1885.53 meters. On August 29, 2012, the construction with honor passed a test for strength, under the destructive pressure of the Pacific Typhoon "Bolaven". And after a few days, on September 2, 2012, there was an official opening of the working movement on the carriage of the Russian bridge, which D. A. Medvedev was present. The solemn event was timed to the day of the city, marking his festive fireworks.

Improved grace

Despite the fact that the main function of the Russian bridge is the transport connection between the island and the mainland, the aesthetic characteristics of the most modern attractions of Vladivostok are able to cause genuine admiration. A fantastic view of the design opens at night when architectural illumination turns on. Professionally built light creates optical illusion flight. The bridge seems to pour over a dark strait.

Complement the futuristic appearance of the Russian bridge and the guys themselves. Painted in the colors of the Russian tricolor, they give the compositions special, unique flavor and extraordinary solemnity. To fully appreciate the true power of the architectural plan, it is enough just to ride with the mainland on the island. Only driving along the leading motorway bridge, you can truly penetrate the thoroughness and the amazing beauty of this unique structure.

• Initially, three projects of the guy bridge were proposed.
• The design is conducted strict observation, and its condition is controlled around the clock by satellite systems.
• The image of the Russian bridge can be seen on bills with a par value of 2000 p.

How to get

Address of the Russian Bridge: Vladivostok, Bosphorus East Bosphorus, ul. Velvet.

The easiest way to get to the main seaside attraction is a bus trip. Through the Russian bridge go routes No. 15, 22, 29, 74 and 76. More comfortable and, accordingly, more expensive option is a taxi.

As folk wisdom says, a good person gets used to quickly. Today it is difficult to imagine that a year ago to get to the island of Russian was possible only on the ferry. The trip occupied from 40 minutes to one and a half hours depending on the destination. Today the path decreased to 5-10 minutes, and all through the implementation of a unique project - the construction of a guy bridge connecting Russian island with the mainland.

How it all began

Although the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a bridge on the island of Russian (or rather, then cableway) After the shed, the Bosphorus Eastern originated in 1939, construction began only in 2008, and then by the will of the case. People's Solva says that they returned somehow from the next summit in Kuala Lumpur Minister of Economy Herman Gref with the former governor of Primorye Sergey Darkyn. And, flying over the island of Russian, dropped Gref phrase, they say, let the APEC summit 2012 will be held here! But how do the heads of state go there? Then they remembered the project of the last century.

True or not, but the bridge still built, and what else! Describing it, more than once, it is necessary to use the word "most" - this is one of the world's largest vest bridges with the longest central span and guys, as well as the highest pylon. According to the "World Real Estate Portal", the bridge was recognized as the most significant architectural project of Russia in 2012.

Technical features

Bridge Length - 1885.53 m
The length of the central span (from one pilon to the other) - 1104 m
Podmost envelope (free space under the bridge) - 70 m
Pylon height - 324 m
The longest guy - 579.83 m

Construction of the whole world

The vantovaya system was designed as part of the collaboration of many of the best engineers in Russia and abroad. For example, the French company Freussin has developed a VANT system similar, as accurately noticed " Russian newspaper", On the strings of the giant harp - harp for the ocean winds.

For the first time in the world, the cable bridge was built under conditions of such temperature differences, strong winds and wet climate. As a result, thanks to special steel, the guys can withstand the temperature range from -40 to +40, and their life is up to 100 years! The aerodynamic section of the span structure makes the bridge resistant even to a flutter wind, which is so famous for Vladivostok.

The first steps

Bridge was built simultaneously with two parts of sushi - from the Russian island and the mainland. On April 12, 2012, a historical event occurred - docking panels in the center of the bridge. On July 2, construction equipment was held on the bridge for the first time, then cyclists were tried it, and on August 1, 2012, the automotive movement was officially opened.

A month later, the bridge officially received a name: according to the results of the national voting, he was painted by the Russian bridge.

Already during the year the bridge connects Russian with the mainland. Rouges of curious motorists who come to look at the changed scenery of the island Russian, gradually turned into a powerful stream. Among the students' students and employees, residents of the Russian Isle and Vacationers are now found among the cruising. And although the latter often leave the garbage mountains, and the first to recently have problems with public transportThe population of Vladivostok and the surroundings converges in one: the bridge is good, and now no one understands how much it lived before it.

Well, finally, the opening of the bridge on the island of Russian took place. The bridge to which the right to be called the longest guy bridge in the world. And of course, the special pride is that it was built not somewhere in China or the United States, but in Russia, more precisely in Vladivostok.

Immediately, in order to avoid "misunderstandings," I want to remind you that the length of the guy and suspended bridges It is considered in the central span, and not at the total length of the bridge. That is why the bridge on the Russian island has the full right to be called the longest. The distance between its pylons is 1104 meters. Previous record, 1088 meters belonged chinese bridge Sutun. But for a total length, the bridge on the Russian island is inferior to many guy bridges, its indicators are here - 3100 meters. For example, at the same sutoon, the total length of more than 8 kilometers. But this is no longer so important.

After developing an investment project "Development of the Island of Russian", according to which production complexes in the field of biological and information technologies will be erected on this island, research institutes, university, large medical center, residential and hotel complexes, International Business Center and a lot more to attract large businesses and tourists here. The need for the construction of a bridge connecting the island with Vladivostok has become an obvious. And in 2008, construction began. At first, there was a lot of doubts, is it possible at all, throw a bridge over the shed Bosphorus East? After all, weather conditions here are very unfavorable (in winter the thickness of ice in the strait can reach 70 cm), in addition to this, the future bridge must withstand the squall wind and be seismically resistant, but as a result, design solutions were found that helped embody the project into reality.

Digital indicators of this super equipment are as follows. Pile depth under supports - up to 77 meters. The height of pylons is 324 meters (the same as the Eiffel Tower).

The height of the road canvase above sea level is 70 meters.

Bridge width - 29.5 meters (4 bands for road transport, two in each direction, plus pedestrian walkways). The total weight of the bridge is 23 thousand tons.

The technical discovery of the structure took place on July 2, 2012. July 28, the bike was arranged on the bridge. And on August 1, 2012, the opening of the movement was held for all vehicles.

Perhaps the only shortcoming of the bridge on the Russian island is its high cost. According to different estimates, its construction cost from 1 to 1.5 billion dollars. However, given the weather conditions in which it was built and will function, this amount is quite explained.

A few more photos of the bridge on the island Russian:

In Vladivostok, the bridge connecting the mainland with the island of Russian, has seen and deformed several Want. The first fault on the new bridge was noticed by drivers. Display damage to big heightEspecially from the passing machine, not just, but the townspeople managed to do it before experts. One of the drivers, moving to the island of Russian, in particular, saw that the second vante from the beginning of the bridge and the fourth left was carried out and accepted a wave-shaped form.

Checking this information, the correspondent of VL.RU edition went to the bridge and counted that the wave-like shape has nine red wool.

In the regional administration, they stated that the bridge on the island of Russian works in normal mode, changes in the outer shell of the VANT do not affect the quality and safety of the operation of the bridge and that the company's content of OJSC UK Bridge leads its continuous monitoring. According to the company's specialists, the Schedules of the VANT is connected with weather conditions And it is a complete situation - this happens often, and "Mostoviki know about it."

In the "Usk Bridge" on Thursday, they stated that the weather was influenced by the bridge. "The deformation of the outer shell of the VANT of the Russian bridge occurred as a result of changes in the temperature regime of the environment," said the head of the company's press service of Alexey Skorobogatko. - However, it absolutely does not affect the reliability, durability and safety of the bridge transition. Due to the difference in temperature and free space, the deformation of the shell can be observed with a naked eye, but it only performs a protective and decorative function. "

The cable bridge on the island of Russian was built to the APEC summit in 2012 and is the world record holder along the length of the central span, which was 1104 m, and at the height of pylons - 324 m. It was spent 32.5 billion rubles for its construction.

The guys made and put on the construction of the bridge French Freyssinet (Freussine International & Companies), which eventually made a consultant to the Russian contractor. In January of this year, the disappearance of the bridge of a large amount of scrap metal in the amount of 96 million rubles.

In ku "Federal Office road roads "The Far East (FCE" Dalputodor ") stated:" No violations in the work of the BATTER system on the bridge through the spiring Bosphorus East in Vladivostok have not been identified. " "In accordance with the contract for the content of the bridge transition, the vantovaya system as part of other structures of the bridge is subjected to a daily inspection," said the report by the newspaper.ru. - Easy wave-like surface of the shells of VANT No. 2 and No. 6 is their constructive feature and does not affect the strength, reliability and durability of the VANT, as well as other bridge designs. The entire woven system is commissioned without comments and deviations from the requirements of project documentation. "

General Designer of the entire object, CEO of CJSC Institute of Hypontroymost St. Petersburg »Igor Kolyasushev Earlier on a specialized resource Rosmost. Described similar movements of the guys:

"Fatigue phenomena in the beam of rigidity and guys studied not enough. Probabilistic wind in combination with temporary loads can most unpredictably affect the bridge design. "

Experts-bridge builders, who erected the neighboring bridge in Vladivostok, believe that the Schedule of the Want is hardly threatened with a catastrophe. "A bridge is a flexible design, the span can walk, and the tension of the VANT can change, so some visible change change in the shape of the VANT, and is not something dangerous, - said" Gazeta.Ru "Alexander, Deputy Director of Technical Affairs of the Company TMK, built another vest bridge in Vladivostok. "The monitoring system sensors are strictly followed by the monitoring system, so if something really happened out of a number of outgoing, then the bridge would be overlapped and experts would work on eliminating the problem."

However, the bridgeproiler added that with a neighboring bridge through the Golden Horn bay, also built to APEC summit, until nothing had happened. "In general, if some kind of Vant will be saved, it is just tightened," the Lebedev reassured.

The movement on the bridge on the island of Russian was officially opened by the Prime Minister on July 2, but a few days after the head of government left, the bridge was closed and reopened only in August. However, after all of a few weeks, August 25, the movement for ordinary motorists was again closed due to preparations for the summit and the event itself.

I give an article in the Khabarovsk Express newspaper. It turns out that the astronomical amounts allocated to the Potemkin village stupidly plundered, and the built miracle bridge and other Mirages are collapsed, buried thousands of people. The question arises: and with the Olympic construction in Sochi, things are also? Conditions, in principle, the same: a lot of money and many rogues.

From the editorial

The author of the article and earlier raised the topic of security of unique bridges in Khabarovsk express. Approached Rosavtodor, Rostekhnadzor, the Prosecutor General's Office, to the police station, to the President of the Russian Federation. In response, making a bureaucratic circle, comprehensive unsubsions came. The unreliability and technical neglect of the main facilities of the APEC summit emphasized two years ago the suicide of the engineer Vyacheslav Polyansky. He committed with him right in the bay, where he built a bridge. The death note remained: "The bridge is built with gross violations. I do not want to be extreme when the bridge collapses and there will be a lot of victims ... "

"Khabarovsk Express", № 43, 10/26/11

APEC Summit Bridges: Russian Roulette

Gross violations of the standards for the design and construction of bridges on Russian Island and through the Bay of the Golden Rog in Vladivostok, bordering the crime, are set out in many of my publications. The facts published by me that are officially documented in the quality monitoring reports are convincingly proven: the reliability of the foundations of bridges and the durability of concrete is not ensured. Simply put, monitoring materials are a verdict: according to the law, bridges can not be commissioned and opening on them - they can collapse at any time!

One of the reasons for such a state of bridges, I believe that the apparatus of the President of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation in the DFO defended from controlling the execution of urban-planning legislation at bridges, entrusted to the Customer to control himself, and this is prohibited by Ch. 6 Article 8 of the Federal Law No. 59.

And not so long ago, the half-one suddenly declared: "According to some facilities of the ATP-2012 summit, the work schedules, unfortunately, do not quite take into account the natural and climatic conditions - rain, fog, wind, so there is a slight lag. And if the bridge on the island of Russian for the term will not be delivered, then there is no tragedy in this ... "

The Internet responded in different ways. "Hitryat in half a remoteness - most likely, realized that Ryazanov was right about the unreliability of bridges. Continuing to violate, in the deadlines would be met ... ". "No need to pump. The task is not to carry all kinds of officials on Mercedes on the Mercedes, but in order to master new technologies and become a real bridge power. "

As for "Power", firmly said! But the customer (Rosavtodor), starting with the research, little did to ensure the reliability of these unique guys (the largest span in the world, 1100 m). First of all, it concerns the bearing ability of the foundations, as well as the durability of concrete.

And "specialists" (in quotes), which build these bridges, believe that one-only characteristic of concrete is sufficient to assess the reliability of structures - strength. And the fact that concrete should and can be guaranteed by the material eternal, literally, they seem to be in the university "did not pass."

At one time, our country adopted the standards of the Council of Economic Mutual Assistance (CEA), requiring the provision of 0.95 characteristics of materials and 0.98 confidence probability for soils, taking into account possible changes in construction and operation.

Supplies were published: GOST "Reliability of building structures and foundations" (only 8 pp) and GOST "Concrete. Rules of strength control "(20 p.). Links to them are given in my publications.

But, apparently, do not know these requirements "specialists" who build APEC bridges. Here are their response to the Internet Forum: "Have you seen that Ryazanov or heard someday? Old Maratzmatic, who remained to live in the past century, denying modern achievements, claiming that the most reliable was in 70-80 years! "

The author of a poisonous response immediately, on the forum, dubbed the "young marasmatics". Where he could see something or hear if the last 30 years, using my inventions at all bridges of the Far East, designers, contrary to the law, did not refer to these inventions (more than 150 publications and books, incl. "Star foundations and Supports of bridges ... "- Khabarovsk, 2009, 452 p.). Old Maratzmatic has repeatedly descended into the wells under the pillars to a depth of 25 m, so that it was safe to ride young maratmarics that did not explore the foundations.

Such "lovers from bridge buildings" can be seen, do not understand the required standards (concrete class is a strength guaranteed in uniformity). Scaping equipment, they illiterately adopt foreign technologies.

Obviously, they lack education to understand the need for automatic dosage of the components of the concrete mix - depending on the humidity of rubble and sand (indeed, the rains mentioned by the rain, fogs and humidity of the seaside air).

As the quality of the construction of bridges showed monitoring, with cast concrete mixtures, young marasmatics ignore the requirement of GOST to provide the class of concrete "with the minimum cement consumption". Those. The strength of the concrete they are overestimated by greater cement content. But it is criminal dangerous - concrete becomes neoraro-resistant! Here, not France and not Spain, but the stern Far East.

We give an example of "professionalism" of the candidate of technical sciences - the head of the department for monitoring the Directorate of the Construction of the Bridge on O. Russian, as well as I.O. The chief of another department (speak "the" hectic bridge ", but with the formation of a general construction technical school).

In the certificate of August 21, 2009, our group of experts conducted monitoring lists documented violations: "The composition of the concrete mix is \u200b\u200bselected only by the laboratory - without checking the characteristics of the homogeneity of concrete. There is no reason to evaluate the reliability of structures according to GOST 27751-88 ... "

However, in their "explanations", the heads of departments are written: "We consider the lack of grounds fetched, because Acceptance of concrete is performed in accordance with paragraph 5.2 of GOST 18105-86, ... if the actual strength of the concrete is not lower than the required strength. "

The head of the Department of State Construction Supervision FS Rostekhnadzor (letter dated December 15, 2010) erupts this stupidity. It comes out, "inflated" standards GOST: "Required strength" is established in accordance with the "reduced homogeneity".

Having studied for the design and construction, such "specialists", probably, did not know that, taking into account the control of the frost resistance of concrete to select the optimal composition according to GOST 18105-86, the preparatory period will be required, and at least a year! Could accelerate the case using computer programs for the operational selection of a concrete mix. As far as I know, did not use.

As if justifying such a panibrate with GOST, cEO "UK Bridge" - the general contractor on the bridge on O. Russian, introduces a new concept in the characteristics of concrete strength. Not "brand" (used until 1985) and not the "class", which old marasmatics introduced in accordance with the standard CEV, but a certain concept of "class brand" - "Mark B60". * Sorry for direct, but it borders with hydration.

"Class Brand" abolishes the concept of "security", which characterizes the class of concrete for strength. The monitoring of the homogeneity of concrete strength is eliminated. The practice of adjusting the laboratory selection of the composition of the concrete mix in production conditions is canceled.

Finally, the concept of "concrete brand for frost resistance F - ... The number of freezing cycles and thawing the samples of concrete tested by the base method" (GOST 100060.0-95). What still wanted "old marasmatics" - because to control the basic method only one batch of concrete samples is spent half a year! And we have APEC-2012 - deadlines!

Young marasmatics, no executors of norms and standards, trumped into all that their bridges will stand forever. Fresh legend: such a poor-quality concrete will serve a maximum of twenty years. And after passing the bridge, it will soon be necessary to put it for reconstruction.

In addition to the durability of concrete, the reliability of the bridge under the current standards can be ensured by calculating the foundations according to the characteristics of the soils, which were obtained during the exquisites of the high confidence probability - by strength 0.98 and deformation 0.9. We also need reliable statistics for test results, at least six soil samples from each engineering and geological element (soil layer).

Meanwhile, on the pylon number 9 of the bridge across the Bay of the Golden Rog, all exploration wells the surveyors were located on the shore, outside the foundation! Characteristics of rock rocks (for example, oddity coefficient), were not determined at all - in all wells, chole, they were established by research at the depths of minus 10.5 m.

The distance between the pillars to which the pylon (support) is based on, norms are allowed not less than 1 m. Because the ground around the pillars, given the methods for developing wells, it is decomposed, becomes loose. But on the pilons of the bridge through the Golden Horn in such an unreliable soil the project provides for the distance between the columns of only 0.75 m. At the same time, the authors of the project looked easily without the mandatory characteristics of soils, and the main violation - only vertical (top down) load on the gigantic posts are defined Bridges, i.e. As for country sheds.

And what about the most dangerous - horizontal, side moments and loads? Any engineer familiar with the azami construction mechanics will understand that, without having the characteristics of the soil between the pillars, Ruralcar (the base of the pilon) cannot be calculated. The actual disclosure difference was more than 13 meters - with permissible 25 cm standards! Deep pillars, being in an elastic medium, can be included in the work on horizontal loads only when rigid short pillars close to the rock will lose stability - collapse.

Storm winds, in the upper points of bridges, at an altitude of 200-300 m, reaching the speed of 95 m / s; Differential temperatures of subtropical summer and a sharp continental winter; The inhibition force of machines transmitted to the bridge blade - any factor can cause the roll roll. And then even the most minor rolls irreversibly lead to horizontal movements of the top of the pylons (geometry in volume high School), in connection with which pylons can collapse at any time.

From here the question: it is such "modern achievements" of the unreliability of foundations, "mastering new technologies" to reduce the strength of concrete and will help us become a "real bridge power"?!