At a decent level, the Soviet passenger aviation industry was also presented. Most models are Aeroflot airplanes. The names of the main brands: Tue, Il, An and Yak.

The first domestic reactive airliner is Tu-104 released in 1955. Tu-154, the first takeoff of which was performed in 1972, is considered the most massive Soviet passenger aircraft. The Tu-144 1968 of the release gained the legendary status, as it is the first airliner in the world, which managed to break through the sound barrier. He could develop speed up to 2.5 thousand km / h, and this record does not break to our time. At the moment, the last active model of the airliner developed by the Tupolev design bureau is the aircraft of the Tu-204 of 1990, as well as its modification of Tu-214.

Naturally, in addition to those, there are other Aeroflot airplanes. The names of the most popular: IL-18, IL-114, IL-103, An-24, An-28, Yak-40 and Yak-42.

Tu-154 speed. Dimensions. Weight. Capacity. Fuel consumption. History

Work on the new passenger aircraft Tu-154 began in OKB A.N. Tupolev in 1963. The first jet passenger aircraft of this OKB was designed on the basis of combat aircraft: Tu-104 on the basis of Tu-16, Tu-114 based on Tu-95. Unlike them, the new third generation machine has become for the OKB, the first passenger aircraft that did not have a military prototype. At that time, three types of passenger aircraft flew on the Aeroflot lines: Tu-104, IL-18 and An-10. This led to difficulties in ensuring the normal process of technical operation of three constructively different machines.

Local passenger aircraft

Air vessels of this type have compact dimensions and salon, the maximum capacity of which is twenty people. The maximum distance that is able to overcome such aircraft does not exceed 1000 kilometers. These aircraft are usually completed with piston or turboprop engines, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of their operation.

What speed by the aircraft directly depends on its species, as well as on the design features. Aircraft flying over long distances usually have a higher speed, which makes it possible to be less than the time on the way.

Other types of classification

By the number of engines from airplanes there is ranking from one to twelve-block.

By type of engine, aircraft are divided into the following categories: with an electric motor, piston, turboprop, jet, rocket, as well as devices with a combined engine.

By type of chassis, the classification of amolets is as follows: Wheel, ski, on an air cushion, tracked, float, amphibians. Naturally, airplanes with a wheel chassis have the greatest distribution.

By mass, aircraft are divided into super heavy, light devices, medium mass airplanes, heavy and heavyweight.

In terms of the number of wings, towards reducing their quantity, aircraft are divided into polyplanes, triples, biplans, one and a half boards and monoplas.

There is also a classification for the size of the fuselage: narrow-body and wide-body.

According to the classification of the type of control, aircraft are divided into manned and drone.

In the form of take-off, all aircraft can be divided into the following categories: with a vertical takeoff, horizontal and short.

Fighters

The main task of these devices is the destruction of aircraft and other objects that are in the air.

The names of fighter aircraft expert on military affairs will also say many. The most famous Soviet models of the period of World War II - Lagg-3, and-15 bis, MiG-3, I-16, I-153, Yak-1. In the same era, global fame won German aircraft BF.109, BF.110 and FW 190, as well as reactive ME.262, ME.163 KOMET and HE 162 Volksjager.

Among the Soviet fighters later, MiG-31, Su-27 and MiG-29 should be allocated. Currently, the sky fills modern Russian aircraft. Their names are perfectly known to the specialists of aircraft. These are 4 ++ SU-35 generation fighters and MiG-35.

Of the modern American models, the world's first generation fighter number five Boeing F-22 is allocated, as well as earlier models F-4 and F-15 Eagle.

Domestic aircraft

The models of passenger aircraft in the history of Russian and Soviet aviation are numerous and diverse. The design of the first domestic aircraft began with the emperor Nicolae II, quite successful aircraft "Russian Vityaz" and "Ilya Muromets" were created, which showed themselves as excellent bombers at the fronts of the First World War. For the name of Russian aircraft, epic heroes were specially chosen to support martial spirit in regular army parts.

After the October Revolution, many private commercial aircraft manufacturing companies have abolished, instead of them, the design bureau with a clearly verified plan appeared: to work only on the military-industrial complex.

With the onset of peacetime, the types of passenger aircraft began to develop with special zeal, and air transport was gaining increasingly popularity. Now the Russian air industry depends largely on Western partners, but there are also their developments, and the number of models produced per year is gradually growing.

Additional Information. An interesting tradition was born at the dawn of the Soviet airmail: any model of the aircraft is called the name of the design office that it created.

An-24.

KB Antonov was engaged in the development of the aircraft, for 17 years of release, approximately 1,200 models were produced. In the Soviet period, the airliner was used on domestic flights and coped well with various weather conditions. Some air transporters in the Russian Federation still exploit this model capable of transporting up to 52 passengers at a time. The aircraft has in stock

To date, there are quite a few different aircraft, but not each of them is called plane. Under this term understands any aircraft that is intended for flights in the sky due to the power plant, which creates a thrust and wings, which remains immovable all the time. It is the immovable wing that is the main characteristic of an aircraft that distinguishes it from any other aircraft.

By itself, this term appeared in the distant 1857 - then the Russian pilot called so a balloon, aircraft in the sense in which we use this word today, there was not yet. In close to modern importance, he was mentioned in a few years - in 1863. It was an article "Airplane", published in 1863 in the magazine "Voice". The author was a journalist Arkady Evald.

To date, there is a huge number of aircraft classifications. For example, by the number of wings, by the aerodynamic system, by type of chassis and speed.

In this text, we consider one of the main typologies. Any aircraft, first of all, are divided into destination. They are civil, military and experimental. Each of these categories, in turn, is also divided into several species.

As it is obvious from the very name, these are aircraft intended for the transport of passengers or goods. The first flight on the plane of this type occurred in Russia more than a hundred years ago - in 1914. The flight was made from St. Petersburg to Kiev, and the plane was called "Ilya Muromets". On board were 16 passengers.

Today, the most famous and frequently used airliner of modernity is called the American DOUGLAS DC-3 model. He first made a flight with passengers back in 1935. Over the past time, the plane improved, many other models were created on its basis, including Soviet aviation.

Civil aircraft can be transport, training and special applications. Transport, in turn, are divided into purposes:

• Freight - for transportation of goods;
• Passenger - those airplanes we fly;

A varieties of such vehicles are a lot. The easiest way to share them is simply by the manufacturer. In fact, the overwhelming majority of the aircraft of the world are manufactured by such companies:

Boeing.

This is an American company that appeared for a long time, in 1916. Since then, she has been planes for civil aviation. The most popular model - Boeing-737. It is this plane released in 1968 today is used most often. The very name "Boeing" has already become practically synonymous with the word plane.

Airbus.

This company is today the main competitor of the above-described Boeing, although it was founded much later - in 1970. This European company, today the main office is in France. Some models of this manufacturer are characterized by economy, which makes them a serious competitor to Boeing.

Military

Military aircraft are designed to conduct hostilities, that is, protection against the enemy or on the contrary, attacks. They are divided into some species, but in general, can perform a variety of tasks - depending on the emerging situation.

BOMBARDERS.

This subspecies of military aircraft, in fact, one task is to destroy any terrestrial air objects. This happens by resetting the target of bombs or missiles. To date, there are so many different models, among the most commonly used Su-24 and Su-34.

It was in the bombarder that the first passenger aircraft "Ilya Muromets" was converted, which was discussed above. During World War I, the plane was re-equipped and in the future he always performed the functions of the bomber.

Fighters

Unlike bombers, such an aircraft are used to fight in the air. The name "Fighter" sounds loud and terrible, but in fact such aircraft belong to the defense technique. It is for the offensive that they are almost never used. Fighters were actively used by both parties during World War II - the most famous models of MiG-3 and Yak-1.

Interestingly, in the very first models of fighters, it was not installed a machine gun as today, but a revolver, so the shooting speed was much lower.

Fighters-bombers

Naturally, the two described models have connected to obtain a universal model that combines the functions of both types of both types. The main advantage of this variety is the ability to bomb any terrestrial targets at all without covering. Such aircraft are very light, maneuverable and equipped with powerful weapons. The most successful MiG-27 models, SU-17, SEPECAT JAGUAR.

Interceptors

In fact, this is not a separate class, just a subspecies of fighters. The main difference is that the interceptors are created to destroy a particular goal, namely enemy bombers. In structure, they also differ slightly - such models are additionally equipped with radar equipment. Famous models - Su-15, Su-9 and others.

The purpose of the attack aircraft is to maintain the land forces. Also, they were also used and simply used to defeat different objects. The most popular model is called IL-2 and this aircraft is the most popular product in history - almost 37 thousand units were released.

How to explain the irrepressible man's desire to heaven? Simply desire to know something new or natural gusts of the soul. But every time the heart spishes when the handsome passenger liner flies above the head.

The impetus to the development of civil aviation, as not paradoxically, gave the Second World War, when it became necessary to quickly mix at long distances not only by the military, but also civilians during evacuation.

And now, together with the site, we will look at the largest passenger aircraft in the world in more detail.

This model is not among the large aircraft, but it was the first reactive passenger airliner, which was conceived and was created to transport passengers, and went into mass production. The era of passenger aircraft began. This first aircraft simply deserved the right to open a list of large aircraft.

The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a liner appeared in 1942, and the first flight "Comet" made January 9, 1951. The route ran out of London to Johannesburg with landings in Rome, Beirut, Khartoum, Entebbe and Livingstone. The crew consisted of 4 people, on board the plane could take 36 passengers.

After 5 a plane crash, the first project de Hevillend DH.106 "Comet" was closed. All subsequent modifications of "comets" repeated the first option with minor improvements.

On the last day of 1968, the first test flight was the first Soviet supersonic passenger aircraft KB Tupolev.

The Soviet airliner was radically different from Concord aircraft. An important difference is a shape and a wing profile. On the wings there was no magnitude and liner. The reduction in speed occurred using the deflected front of the fuselage and the front wing extension. At that time, the Tu-144 stood a modern navigation system. The system of catapulized seats for the crew was envisaged.

As it turned out later, the plane was although it was super-modern for his time, but had a number of shortcomings. The most resonant Tu-144 catastrophe occurred on June 3, 1973 in French La Bourget. After the catastrophe series, the airliner was removed from production.

In 1997, one of the modifications of Tu-144 was used by NASA as a flying laboratory in order to create a fundamentally new supersonic aircraft of such a design. After the test, the model Tu-144 was dismantled.

One of the two supersonic aircraft in the world, created jointly by the British and the French. In 1969, the Concorde plane rose into the sky. But only after 7 years of test flights, on January 21, 1976, the plane took on board passengers and made his first commercial flight.

Seven aircraft used leading airlines British Airways and Air France. For all the time of operation, and this is without a small 27 years, a supersonic liner was transported by 3 million passengers. What makes this type of aircraft in a number of record holders.

In the early 2000s due to problems in the fuel system and due to external influences, there were 2 concordic aircraft disasters. Air France has completely abandoned aircraft. Over time and British Airways ceased to use this supersonic aircraft in commercial transport. Concordvo has been withdrawn by the Passenger Flight License.

The last flight Concorder made on November 26, 2003. This ended the era of supersonic passenger transport.

The very first heavy, roomy and truly large liner Boeing 747. On February 9, 1969, the plane made the first test flight.
Boeing 747 was created with two decks. The upper passenger deck is shorter than the main fuselage, which makes the plane is the most recognizable in the world. Capacity of the cabin when divided into classes: at the 3rd division - 366 passengers, at 2 - 452 passengers.

On the basis of this Boeing created military modifications. One of these transported the space shuttle "Space Shttl" in the outside, from the place of its assembly on the Cape Cape Canaveral space.

36 years old Boeing 747 was the largest passenger aircraft. In 2005, leadership passed to Airbus A380. But Boeing 747 firmly holds the first position in the prevalence and popularity in the world. To date, 1556 copies of this model have been released.

In the mid-1980s, the Soviet Union began to develop a project to create a large aircraft for medium and distant flights. The result of the work was the release of a new modification of the KB Ilyushin aircraft IL-96. The first flight was performed in 1988, and in 1993 the mass production of IL-96 began. The liner was the first in Russia (but still Soviet development) with a wide-body long-haul aircraft.

Assembling the liner is a wholesaletallic, four-meter and wide-body lowland. Has swallowing wings and vertical plumage.
IL-86 can take on board 300 passengers. Flight distance without refueling is 9,000 kilometers.

Many IL-96 models have their own names, including the famous pilots: Valery Chkalov, Mikhail Vodopyanov.

One of the modifications of Ilyushin, namely IL-96-300PU, for a long time was a presidential board No. 1. But in 2004, after the abolition of the flight, due to collisions with birds at Lisbon Airport, the aircraft was removed this honorary mission.

And this aircraft in the family of the largest passenger airliners has the most sad statistics. For all the time the A330 was written off 8 aircraft. The plane was mainly used in the Asian region and Africa. 4 Airbus A330 aircraft were destroyed as a result of hostilities in India and Libya. 2 The crash and 2 were written off due to improper operation.

Airbus A330 test flight took place on November 1, 1992. In 1997, the plane made his first flight with passengers on board. Today with some modifications this model is used by airlines under the A330NEO code.

The plane performs both medium and distant flights. The maximum range without refueling the aircraft is 13,000 km. The manufacturer, fulfilling the wishes of customers, created a very comfortable interior.

The aircraft is equipped with two turbofer engines, which allows you to develop in the air speed up to 913 km per hour.

According to the date of the flight range, Boeing 777-300ER comes out in the world. Without refueling, this plane is able to fly 21,601 km.

Started the operation of this aircraft in 1995. Among the class of passenger liners with two-door jet engines, the aircraft is the largest, as it can be placed in its salon from three hundred to five hundred and fifty people.

With quite a large mass, almost 250 tons in complete equipment, Boeing-777-300ER develops the speed of 965 km per hour. Another constructive feature of this aircraft is the economy of the engines.

BOEING-777F and many other modifications, the basis of which remains Boeing-777, based on this aircraft.

Airbus A340-600 is among the top five largest passenger aircraft and belongs to the family of long-haul liners. Without refueling Airbus A340-600 can overcome 14 thousand 800 km.

On international and intercontinental airlines, the plane began flights in 2002. With the width of the cabin at 5, 5 meters the plane can take on board 380 passengers. Liner length is 75 meters, and the wingspan of 63 and a half meters.

For all the time of operation, 97 models of this liner were collected. In 2011, Airbus A340-600 was removed from mass production.

By the way, the Airbus A340 model is one of the safest in a special, published site.

In 2005, Boeing released the Boeing 747-8 aircraft.

Prospective differences from previous models have become an elongated fuselage and considerable efficiency. Manufacturers have improved aerodynamics by changing the sweatshirt of the wing and making it thinner and wider. The shape of the wing allows to reduce air resistance, which naturally affects the reduction of fuel consumption.

The governments of the 19 countries of the world, which use Boeing 747-8 for flights of the first persons of the state, trust this model.

Plane Boeing 747-8 is the largest commercial aircraft that is built in the United States. And his length of 76.25 m brings it to the first place in the world as the longest aircraft.

Boeing 747-8 keeps the first place in the world for orders of VIP versions of an aircraft intended for government leaders and well-known global politicians.

Airbus A380

Airbas A380, which made his first flight in 2005, can rightly be attributed to the "liner-giant" nomination.

To date, this is the largest passenger class aircraft. World airlines began to use it for passenger flights in 2007. What does the plane displays? Four jet engines located on the wings, the length of the aircraft 72 m 70 cm, the span of the wings of the airliner is almost 80 meters, the maximum range with full loading of 15400 km. Causes the surprise and weight of the aircraft. Without passengers and cargo, it weighs 277 tons. The aerodynamics of the liner with this weight is designed as optimal that it is quite maneuverable and freely feels in airspace.

The flight quality of the aircraft is improved due to the articles used in the production of articles. The graphite creates wings and fuselage of the passenger liner.

The plane provides 853 passenger seats at a single-class configuration, when dividing the cabin on Enon, business and first class - 555 passengers can be asleep. For a more convenient location of passengers, the plane has 2 decks, so its height is 24 meters.

The development of the A380 project took almost 10 years. And on the creation of the aircraft itself, the manufacturer spent 12 billion euros. More expensive in the world only Boeing aircraft.

Today Airbus A380 is actively used on intercontinental airlines.

The history of aviation open the veil and on its pages is recorded that from the first passenger, which was taken aboard in 1908, and before the emergence of multi-family airliners, was 60 years old, and today passenger aircraft affect us as flight characteristics of height, speed and range of flights, but And its size. Today is no longer an amazing transcontinental flight or a crowded journey on the airliner.

Much attention in the creation of large intercontinental liners is given safety flights. In this regard, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe project and to the first passenger flight takes quite a long time.

In pursuit of profit, by increasing the number of passenger seats and ranges of flights, manufacturing companies attract specialists from different industries that develop the safety and survivability of the aircraft when entering extreme situations in the air, during takeoff and landing.

Large passenger aircraft can be found at almost all airports in the world. Today, the take-off stripes are rebuilt for them, the system of navigation and control over flights is improved.

It is underway to develop an increase in the speed of large passenger aircraft, due to the introduction of new discoveries in the aerodynamics of the wing and increasing the power of the engines. But recently, the changes concern only, so to speak, meaningful changes, such as improving the comfort of salons, the quality of passenger service. Leading airlines, airliners manufacturers pay great attention to the introduction of anti-terror systems into passenger aircraft.

Children about aircraft: Cognitive fairy tale about the types of planes in pictures for children, video, tasks, games, presentation "What aircraft are and why they are needed" for children.

Children about aircraft

In this article you will find cognitive information about aircraft and games for children on this topic:

1. presentation and fairy tale "What aircraft are" For children with tasks and pictures,
2. why do you need aircraft,
3. logo "Aircraft",
4. fizkultminthki about the aircraftx,
5. finger gymnastics about aircraft
6. outdoor games about aircraft
7. didactic games for children about airplanes.

What aircraft are

Cognitive fairy tale of aircraft for children with developing tasks and pictures

What is it all starting, or why fly on the plane to the island of Palm?

There was a very kind man in one city. It was a very famous vet. Do you know who is such a veterinarian and what does he do? (Listen to the child's answer and specify it if necessary). This is a doctor for animals. And our veterinarian also treated birds, fish, animals. In the city, it was all called respectively - Peter Ivanovich Tabletkin. Or just by last name - Dr. Tabletkin. If a canary got sick or damaged the dog's paw, the inhabitants of the city immediately appealed to him for help. And he helped everyone.

One day, someone knocked on the spring day to the window to the vet. "Who is it?" - Peter Ivanovich was surprised and opened the window. - "BUT! Galkonok. Fly away What brought? Letter? From whom? Let's read - apparently, this is something urgent! ". Peter Ivanovich opened a letter and found out the hand writing of his old friend: "Hello, my friend! Now I work on the island of palm trees in the ocean. We started the epidemic, very many animals got sick, we need help. I really ask to urgently fly to our island and help. Please take with you a set of medicines and more. Your friend Dr. Aibolit.

"Urgently releasing!" - I decided Peter Ivanovich - just leave to duty here instead of myself the veterinarian of PowKrakov and collect my suitcase with medicines for animals. " Having done all these things, the famous vet went to the airport.

Airfield

Near the airport building was the field. Very unusual field. Peter Ivanovich Tabletkin saw different fields. He saw a field for football players - it is called "football". He visited and on the field for playing hockey, it was called ... You already guessed how? (hockey). And the field on which corn grows, he visited - it was called the "corn field". And the field on which rye grows is "rye" field. And field with wheat. Probably, you also know how it was called -? (wheat field).

But on such a field he has never been. It was only some planes. Have you already guessed what it was behind the field and how was it called?

Note: Let the child come with the name of the field, and then specify that This field was called "Light". Why? Yes, because airplanes take off from him! There was a lot of different aircraft and helicopters on the flying field. Peter Ivanovich never flew on airplanes and helicopters, and therefore was confused. What is the plane to me and on what I am to the island of Palm?

Who is such a mechanic (technician)?

Suddenly saw our veterinarian a small airplane with two wings. And the man came to him and opened the door to the cabin. "The pilot came," Peter Ivanovich thought and rushed to the plane. - "Hello. My name is Dr. Tabletkin. I am a veterinarian. I need to urgently fly to help my friend on the island of Palm. There are very many animals on the island. Can you fly there on this plane? You pilot and could help me? "

"I'm glad to meet," the stranger smiled in response. - My name is the mechanic of screws. I am not a pilot. I mechanic And watching the aircraft to be working. My profession is also called "technician". On this airplane to fly to the island of palm trees, of course, you can ". - He shook his head sad. - "But you will fly too long. It is better to sit on the jet aircraft that flies tomorrow to Madagascar, it will be faster. "

The famous veterinarian was very surprised: "I need to the island of palm trees and you need to fly right today. Why am I flying not today, and tomorrow, and even at Madagascar? And why such a strange road will be faster? "

The screws smiled again by Peter Ivanovich and explained: "The jet plane flies much faster than this small airplane. If you fly out today on this airplane, you will fly to the island of Palm five days! And you will have to land several times to complete the aircraft fuel. And the jet plane will bring you to Madagascar on the same day. There you will stop on a small plane and after a few hours you will be in the right place "

Screw and jet aircraft

The doctor became very interested in this message and puzzled mechanics: " And how to distinguish a quick aircraft from slow? So that I do not make a mistake next time. "- Look at these two aircraft. One aircraft has a screw. Therefore, it is called "screw", he flies slowly. Find the screw from the aircraft in the picture.

And another screw is no screw. It called "reactive"And flies very quickly!"

Task child: Find in the picture screw aircraft and reactive aircraft. What do they differ from each other?

Airplane wing forms: direct, triangular, sweatshop.

"Yeah, I understood!" - I exclaimed Peter Ivanovich. - "So if the plane has a screw, he flies slowly! And somehow you can also distinguish the aircraft speed from the aircraft slow? " The technician of the screws gladly began to explain further: "There is another important sign. it the shape of the wing at the aircraft. Look at this photo. What does the wing look like? "

- "On the arrow!" "Dr. Tabletikin immediately replied. "Yes," confirmed with the pleasure of screws. - " This aircraft the wing has the appearance of the boom, so such a wing we call "sweat". If the fetched wing, then the plane flies faster, because such a wing is better disseminated by air at high speed. And if the wing is direct - then the speed of the aircraft below. "

- And back what wings come from airplanes? - the doctor asked - the vet.

- It happens triangular wing, such aircraft are designed for very high speeds (such speeds are also called supersonic). Look at the photo of this aircraft - he has a triangular wing.

There is I. planes with a straight wing. They fly slower all other aircraft.

Task for children: find planes in the picture below: with a straight wing, with a triangular wing, with a sweep wing.

Answers to the task for children "What aircraft are": blue Square - airplane with a triangular wing, green circle - a plane with a straight wing, a yellow square and a red circle - aircraft with a sweep wing.

Why do you need different planes?

"And what is" supersonic velocities and supersonic aircraft? "Pyotr Ivanovich Tabletkin asked.

— « Supersonic call planes that fly so quickly that overtake the sound from their flight. The plane has already flown, and the sound has not yet reached us. Such aircraft fly twice as fast as ordinary jet aircraft, "the mechanic explained.

"I want to fly tomorrow to the island of palm trees on a supersonic aircraft!" Peter Ivanovich revived.

- "You can, then you can land, most likely will not work. The island is then small, and the supersonic aircraft will not have time to slow down on the flight field, "the screws clarified.

- "BUT Why do you need such small planes as the one whom we stand? He is with a screw, which means slowly flies. And they do not fly quickly on it. And in addition, he is also small. And this means that there are no cargo on it. Why then is it generally needed? " - asked Peter Ivanovich.

-"ABOUT! This is a very important and very necessary aircraft. He has one extremely important property. You see, this aircraft has two large wings. And they are located one over the other, so it can take off and sit on very small sites. And even can sit on the Piglet of the Earth on the island or in the forest.

Quest to children: Do you know what "Piglet of the Earth" is and where did this word come from?(Piglet is a five-terrible coin. Now, this word is also called a five-core coin. Pigatch is also called a very small piece of the earth. And there is a patch from the pig - it is also round and small).

The technician of the screws continued: "Where the jet plane can not sit, this airplane will be able to land. Therefore, such aircraft fly for short distances to the nearest villages and take passengers and cargoes in them. First, passengers and cargo deliver large reactive aircraft to the central large airport. And already from it on small aircraft, they are delivered from this big city and the main airport in small towns and villages. "

Military aircraft

Suddenly, Tabletucks saw on the edge of a flying field the aircraft without screws. And they came in the pilots. He happily exclaimed: "Here are the planes you need! They are without screws, which means they are jet. And they have triangular wings, it means they will fly to the island of palm trees very much - very quickly, even faster sound. Can I fly on them to Madagascar right today? And from Madagascar I'm on a small plane to the island you need "

"Of course, this aircraft flies faster than any passenger. But it is not so easy to fly on it! " - answered the mechanic. - "After all, this is a military aircraft and there is no place for passengers in it. You see, the cab is designed for one pilot, and a rocket hang from below. "

"See, and another plane has two cabins. The second cabin is probably designed for a passenger? " - asked the veterinarian.

"Not, in the back of the cabin for the pilot should sit the navigator. He tells the pilot where to fly. This is a military aircraft. All military aircraft places for passengers are not provided. Therefore, there are no portholes on military aircraft, "the screws replied.

Tasks for children:

Exercise 1. The navigator always sits behind the pilot. Find on the photo of the aircraft of the pilot cockpit and the kabin of the navigator.

Task 2. And what do you think this is what plane is a passenger or military? Why do you think so? How can I distinguish the appearance of a military aircraft from the passenger?

Cargo planes

"Please tell me how can you transport animals from the island to my clinic for treatment. Elephants and giraffes are very large and heavy, they will not fit into the passenger plane, "Tablechin asked.

"ABOUT! There are special aircraft for this. They are called freight. There are no portholes in the cargo plane.It has very large doors in order for heavy loads to it. Look, here on our flight field there is a loading of the plane. So that the cargo fit in the plane, this aircraft has a nose and tail open out - as if it is the door!

I began to rise up the nose from the cargo plane. And he opened as if it was not a nose, but a big door to the plane!

Here is ahead of the aircraft instead of its nose, a special ramp, according to which the equipment can be found in the cargo plane. And behind the cargo plane open the cargo flaps. Behind a cargo aircraft, too, there is a ramp for check-in on the aircraft.

The plane is ready for loading!

Look at what big cargo plane! Another smaller plane can fit into such a plane, and large cars, and even train cars, and a big boat and even a few helicopters, and tanks, and construction equipment, and a lot of cars and a bus! "

Task for children: Look at the pictures and tell me that these cargo aircraft will be transported by air.

Peter Ivanovich was in admiration from the cargo aircraft and their capabilities: "Now I will be calm for large animals! And I will know that if necessary, they can be transported to any animal hospital on the mainland. And what other planes are except military, passenger and freight? "

What other planes are?

The mechanic of screws was silent in response and showed the tabletkin an unusual photo. Look at him. What do you think here is going on here and what are the threads pull from the first aircraft to others? (Listen to any assumptions of children, and then tell about these aircraft). He explained:

« These are planes - tankers. What do you think they are so called - "tankers"? (Listen to the answers of children and their reflections and guesses). The cargo plane put a large tank for fuel and hoses hoses to which filled airplanes are docked for refueling. It is done so that they can gain fuel right in flight, not sitting on the ground. "

Here is another plane - the tanker.

There are on our flight field and tutorials. What do you think they are so called? Yes, these aircraft learn to fly. They are very small. They are only two places: for the pilot - an instructor and pilot who learns to control the aircraft.

There are I. sports aerobatic aircraft. They have only one place - for the pilot - an athlete. He shows on this plane shape of the highest pilot.

Suddenly there was a loud noise. And on the runway - the landing band landed a large passenger aircraft. "He will fly to Madagascar tomorrow morning," said the screws. - "And now after landing and disembarking passengers, I will go to prepare him for tomorrow. Come tomorrow, and you fly away to it. "

Peter Ivanovich Tabletkin thanked Wit for help. And the next morning, he was already flying on the plane to Madagascar.

What is a seaplane and aircraft-amphibia?

In the evening, the plane landed on Madagascar Island. And the vet went to the airport building to learn how to fly to the island of palm trees.

"Sorry, but flights to the island of Palm are canceled. Two days ago, a storm took place on the island and destroyed the take-off strip. Her recovery will take several days, "the dispatcher told him.

"How can I be?" - asked upset Peter Ivanovich. "I am so important to get to the island as quickly as possible to help people and animals that fell into trouble."

"Let's send you to the island of palm trees with a hydraulic agent!" - offered him a dispatcher. - or airplane - amphibian.

"And what is it?" - Surprised veterinarian.

"The word" hydro "means liquid. Seaplane - This is a plane that does not need a runway. He can sit right on the water. And even better to use in such cases airplane - amphibian.Amphibians are creatures that can live in water and in air. And this plane can take off from the ground, and from the water, so it was called it. The airplane - amphibians bottom like a boat, but there are wheels like an ordinary aircraft. "

"I am ready to fly on an amphibious plane," Tabletkin was delighted.

"Go to the exit number 15. Aircraft - Amphibian flies after one hour."

A few hours later, the plane - Amphibian sat on the sea next to the island of Palm. All passengers were invited to transfer to the boat, and the boat delivered them to the port. "Hooray! As well, that you came to us so quickly, "- happily met a friend Dr. Aibolit. - "I sailed here on the boat for a month. How did you manage that?". I helped the mechanic screws to choose the aircraft and the route here. I will tell you later in more detail. " And friends went to treat animals who have long been waiting for their help.

Children about aircraft: Why do you need aircraft

Airplanes are invented by people to ensure fast transportation of people and cargo. No land and water transport can now move with such a speed as a plane.

After familiarizing with a fairy tale, your child already knows many functions that perform aircraft by helping people. Finally this information.

Why do you need aircraft for their functions:

• Military aircraft We need to protect your homeland from enemies. These can be fighters, bombers, scouts, attack aircraft, landing, refueling.
• Cargo planes Cargo transport.
• Passenger planes People and their luggage are transported.
• Sports planes Participate in competitions.
• Tutorials Used to train flyers and navigator flights.
• Agricultural Airplanes handle the fields with harvest and protect them from pests.
• Meteorological planes - Explore clouds, typhoons, affect the weather (cause rain or stop them, accelerating the clouds).
• Sanitary and rescue aircraft - Transport patients and wounded, assist affected people.
• Fire airplanes Forest fires extinguished.
• Experimental aircraft and aircraft - flying laboratories - Serve for testing new designs and engines.

Luggage: aircraft

During the student imaginary travel at the airfield for dating a child with different types of aircraft, you will want to relax along with children. Make exercises logotricks for kids to relax!

Luggage "Airplane": first option

Hands to the side - in the flight
We send a plane.
(straight hands aside, run in a circle)

Right wing forward
(Right straightened hand put forward a little bit)
Flying our plane.

Left wing forward
(Left straightened hand put forward a little bit)
Turned our plane.

We flew high
(raise your hands higher)
We flew low.
(I'm sinking a little)
We flew far away
Flew close.

Second version of the logo exercise "Airplane"

Well, pilots pilots,
Prepared to flight
(Children stand straight, hands down, posture proud, shoulders are stripped).

To the plane approached
And on the ladder up rose
(Machine or depict the input by trap).

Flight begins,
Rug our plane.
(The children are squatted on one knee, putting hands to the sides as an airplane wings and buzz: Uuuu)

Up rose, flew.
(Children stand on their feet, straightened hands on the sides)
The pilot to the right looked,
(Turn your head to the right)
The pilot looked left
(Turn the head left).

Quickly flew forward
Funny airplane.
(Hands on the sides, quick run on socks in a circle)

Third version of the loggery "Airplane"

Flies plane
I am going to fly with him.
(Show hand in the sky)

Right Wing Distracy
(Pull the right hand to the side, look at the fingers)
Left wing
(Pull the left hand to the side, look at the fingers)

I'm moving the motor
(Children make rotational movements with hands in front of them)
And carefully follow.

Raisit in Vashko - I-U-U-y
(You need to climb on socks, dilute your hands on the sides and run in a circle)

I'm flying to landing
I want to land.
(Children land on one knee, hands lowered)

Didactic game "Airplanes"

Didactic game "Airplanes". Option 1. For children of senior preschool age. Arrange four flight fields: for passenger aircraft, for cargo aircraft, for military aircraft and for sports and training aircraft.

Ask children to guess why you need a plane shown in the picture.

The child needs to decompose pictures of aircraft by groups according to the appointment of the aircraft by sending each aircraft to the aircraft suitable for him and explaining why he believes that this is a cargo plane or what is a passenger aircraft.

Pictures for this game you will find in the article

Didactic game "Airplanes". Option 2. Game for kids. Goal game - Razvitia auditory attention. Offer the child to guess, the plane is high or low. If you are trembling a high voice, the plane flies high, if low is low.

Didactic game "Airplanes". Option 3. Game for children of junior preschool age.

Stay in front of a child 4 - 8 rectangles of different sizes (for the smallest take four figures, for older children - six or eight figures) - these are flying fields (airfields). They must be laid out before the baby as a serial row - that is, from the smallest to the largest.

Explore the silhouettes of different sizes in the silhouettes. The number of aircraft must correspond to the number of rectangles.

The task of the child is to lay out the airplanes in the serial row in magnitude (from the smallest to the largest) and pick up each aircraft suitable for him "flight field". Those. Arrange the aircraft on "airfields" in accordance with their magnitude.

Didactic game "Airplanes". Option 4. For the smallest.

With 2-3 years old, you can give pictures of aircraft cut into parts. Use for this picture from the first version of the game "Airplanes". For the smallest we divide the picture on 2 equal parts, then on 3-4 parts. For older children, you can divide the picture with broken lines to a larger number of parts.

Didactic game "The plane flies". For children of senior preschool age

The game is developing The ability to navigate the sheet of paper tracing the function of the gaze, develops the ability to note and breed the visual axes of the child's eye.

First option.

You will need taketon - landing stripes. Draw "take-off - landing strip" for an airplane - a vertical rectangle. Divide it with a vertical feature into two parts. On the right side of the take-off band, draw the up arrow up, on the left - the down arrow.

The course of the game. Offer the child to repeat the aircraft movement with a look, focusing on the arrows at the take-off - landing strip. Our plane moves along the runway forward (slip view on the right side of the rectangle up to the end of the strip). The plane turns left, makes a turn and turns back. And it follows on the left side of the strip along the arrow (from top to bottom). Again the reversal and moving forward. Now we will try to make these movements with a look faster.

Second option

You will need square 4 x 4 cells. Draw such a square on a sheet of paper. Cells should be very large. In the future, you can increase the number of cells in the square to give more complex to the child.

Make two identical squares - one you give a child, and the other will be in your hands.

Put the point in one of the cells. It has a plane.

The course of the game. You dictate the route of the aircraft, moving at the same time the chip on the cells of your field, and the child traces his look. Need to leave the route. First, the route is 3-4 strokes. For example: "One cage up. Two cells to the right. One cage down. Three cells left. Report, where is the plane? ". Compare a place on your "Map" of the flight and what happened to the child.

If the child is difficult to follow the look or it is still not very easy oriented in space, then at first you can make movements with a chicken. And only then make them in a mental plan and track look.

Fizkultminutki "Airplane"

Fizkultminutka can be performed at any time when you see that the child needs rest. Choose from this compilation about the aircraft of that physical attachment, which will also like you and your babies!

Fizkultminutka about the plane "We fly over the clouds"

We fly over the clouds.
(Hands to the side)
Masha Pope, Masha Mama.
(In turn Masha with both hands)

See how the river flows
(Show your hands waveguide movement)
We see a fisherman boat.
(Show your hands like a fisherman throws a fishing rod)

Careful: Mount!
(Tilt to the left - right)
Time to land!

(Sit on one knee, hands on the sides)

Fizkultminutka "Airplanes Top"

Children on the first line make rotational movements with their hands in front of the breast. On the second line, children straighten their hands to the sides as the wings of the aircraft and "fly" (running in a circle). On the third line - squat. On the fourth again fly.

Airplanes tugged,
Airplanes flee
In the glade quietly sat down
Yes, and again flew.

Fizkultminutka "flew our plane"

Flew, flew,
We are handpacked by hand.
(Children rotate hands in front of the breast)

Hands to the side - in the flight
Send an aircraft
(Children dilute straight hands to the sides)

Right wing forward
(Turning the body to the right with the right hand of the right hand)
Left wing forward.
(Turning the body to the left with the head of the left hand forward).
Once, two, three, four - our plane flew.

(Running in a circle with diluted with straight hands)

Fizkultminutka "A plane appeared"

Hands we put a traffic police:
A plane appeared.
(Hands to the side.)

Mach wing there and here
(Slopes left-right.)
Do "times", do the "two".
(Turns left-right.)
Once and two, times and two!
Once and two, times and two!

Hands to keep the sides,
Look at each other.
(Hands on the sides, turns left-right.)
Once and two, times and two!
Once and two, times and two!

We will lower your hands down
At the seats, sit down! (Children lower hands down and sit in their place)

See, in the sky the plane,
And in the plane Tom pilot.
Road deftly controls
And between the clouds flies.

Under the aircraft - then the mountain
Then the forest is dense, then Nora,
Then the people are divided into the sky
Then the hares will drive away rounds (author - Alexander Estafaev)

What movements are made under this song you will see in the video below. First, the song is spoiled at a slow pace, then faster and faster.

Fizkultminutka for the smallest "plane wings plane"

Zhu-zhu, zhu-zhu-zhu,
I start the motor.
(Rotating movements with hands in front of the breast).
Stepped the wings of the plane,
We go to the flight
U-U-U-Uuuuu
We fly to Moskuouuuu! (Hands on the sides, running on the socks) flew.

Fizkultminutka "We are aircraft today"

We are airplanes today
(Children sit and make rolling movements - "Motor")
We are not children, we are pilots.
(Cotton in your hands).
Hands - Nose, And Hands - Wings
(Touch your finger to the nose, and then straighten your hands aside as wings)
Flew squadron. (Running, hands to the sides).

Children about aircraft: Movable game "Airplanes"

Game 1. The game "Airplanes" to fix the correct pronunciation of sound r.

Children make rotational movements with hands in front of the breast - "Motors are driving" and they say RRRRR. Then run in a circle, holding straightened hands to the sides as an airplane wings. In the words "Aircraft, landing!" Children must quickly "fly" on the airfield and sit on one knee, holding hands to the side like wings.

Game 2. Movable game "Aircraft". In this game, children will get acquainted with the teams that the pilot dispatcher gives.

In the game on airplanes, children will also learn to act according to the Singhal, as well as run around the site in different directions, without pushing each other.

Show children all game actions.

An adult executes the role of the dispatcher gives a signal: "Run the engine!", And the children make the rotational movements with their hands in front of the breast. Next, an adult as a dispatcher says: "Check off, take off. Fly! ", And children are bred straight hands to the sides and fly around the site.

At the end of the game there is a signal: "For landing! Check on the parking lot, "and children resort to the" airfield "(the place where the airfield is located, he speaks to the start of the game).

There may be other dispatcher commands: "Fog! Deploy. Fly on a spare airfield "," Choose a thunderstorm "," You are dangerous to come closer. Save the road to the aircraft .... (name) "

Note: In this mobile game, the child learns what could be in flight and how to respond to these events to the pilot. Children will be able to use this information in their plot and directories with airplanes.

Fingering gymnastics "Airplane"

Fingering gymnastics "I will build a plane"

For finger gymnastics, we will use the poem V. Shishov "I will build an airplane."

I will build a plane
Helmet Nadnu, and flying.
Through wavy fogs
I will fly to other countries
Above the seas and forests,
Above the mountains and fields
Flying the whole ball earthly,
And then I will return home.
V. Shishkov

Movement with hands in finger gymnastics "Airplane": option 1.

• first line. Children knock their cams about each other.
• second line. Children are depicting how they put the helmet on the head.
• third and fourth lines. Wave-shaped movements with both hands.
• fifth line. The right hand in the eyebrows seems to be looking away.
• sixth line. Left palm near eyebrows - we look at the distance.
• seventh Stitch - Draw in the air Right hand
• the eighth line - we do the shape of the figure - the "roof" - both hands.

Another version of the finger gymnastics "Airplane"

• first line. Straight hands weighing as a plane wings.
• second line. Two hands show a helmet above the head.
• third and fourth lines. The child puts the palm on the table with the back side and moves with all her fingers on both hands, slightly raising them from the table surface.
• the fifth and sixth line - we make the "splashing" movements with all the fingers of both hands at the same time.
• seventh lines - clasp by both hands imaginary ball
• the eighth line - we crossed your hands (the left hand looks right, and the right - to the left and move the fingers of both hands as the wings of the birds)

Fingering gymnastics "Plane will build yourself"

You will need an ordinary pencil. Put the pencil on the middle of the middle finger of the right hand (the brush is palm down). Skip another pencil under index and nameless fingers (it makes an adult). It turns out a plane of two pencils. The child depicts his plane under poems A. Barto:

The plane will build themselves
Let's go over the forests.
Let's go over the forests,
And then we will return to mom.

Then repeat this movement with the other hand.

Fingering gymnastics "Flies high-high"

The right hand of the child depicts the plane: you need to dilute and straighten a thumb and a ring finger. This is the wings of the aircraft. And the other three fingers (index, medium and unnamed) hold next to each other, without breaking them apart (this is the case of the aircraft).

Flies the aircraft highly high
It's not easy for him to land!
(Children move the hand - the plane in different directions, following the wings of the aircraft "watched" to the side, and that the aircraft body is united and not separated into separate parts).

The pilot behind the circle makes a circle.
He is the plane of comrade and friend!
(Children make moves in a circle with hand - plane).

Plane sat on the runway,
Farward ran - and finished flight.
(The children give the hand - the plane on the table, move it on the table and stop the hand).

The doors opened, under the lace land,
And passengers meet friends.
(Dilute palm)

Presentation for children about airplanes

You can also download the same presentation on a cognitive fairy tale about aircraft in our group VKontakte "Development of a child from birth to school" (see section "Documents" group on the right under the community video recording).

Video for children about aircraft

In this video, children will learn about unusual aircraft pool, amphibious aircraft airplanes. The video will be interested in school children and adults. This video of my favorite TV channel "My joy".

And one more video of the same TV channel for children - video about aircraft - giants and what is aircraft.

More about aircraft for children:

34 Riddles for children of preschool and younger school age. Types of riddles. How to compose a riddle about the plane along with the child.

We prepared this article specifically for the boys of the site "Native path" as a gift for the holiday on February 23 together with my husband.

The informative fairy tale for children about aircraft and their views and a presentation created for children My husband Andrei is an aircraft designer by profession. And I am the author of this site - has developed games and tasks for children on the topic "Children about aircraft." We included only those information about the aircraft that the child can use in their travel games, in designing, drawing, modeling, appliques, depicting different types of aircraft in them.

We tried to take into account the main requirement for a cognitive fairy tale for a child - so that he himself actively participated in it, asked questions, compared, analyzed, discussed, made conclusions, argued, and not just remembered. And I really hope that we succeeded! We will be grateful for your comments on this article.

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There are two main types: military and civilians. The design of the first type is used to perform various strategic tasks, mainly for defense or, on the contrary, the destruction of military facilities. Within this family, a complex grid is formed, consisting of a complex system subgroups. Civil liners are passenger and freight, more main types of aircraft discussed below.

It is worth noting that there are many groups on various features and it is impossible to allocate a single most common. So, there are the following classifications of aircraft: according to the aerodynamic scheme, by tail plumage, by quantity and type of wings and so on.

Under one article, all classifications cannot be considered. Moreover, a large amount of literature is devoted to a detailed description of classifications and types of aircraft. Therefore, here we will look at the most common division.

Perhaps, it is worth it from the technique used for strategic purposes, since in this category there are more species. Basically such aircraft can be seen on parades dedicated to the Day of the Great Victory, in films or museums.

BOMBARDERS.

The main task that bombers must be performed is the defeat of ground-based air objects. For this, bombs and rockets are used. The list of the most famous bombers are SU-24, SU-34, KH-70 Valkyrie, Boeing B-17.

The first aircraft of this type can be called "Ilya Muromets", created in 1913 by the designer Igor Sikorsky. Directly under the bomber he was converted during the First World War.

Fighters

These aircraft are used to destroy air targets. However, despite such a sonorous and rather aggressive name, fighters belong to the class of defense equipment, and separately for the offensive, these aircraft are usually not used. It is curious that at first the pilot of the fighter had to driving a ship, shoot on the enemy from the revolver, who later gave way to the machine gun. In the days of World War II, fighters were actively used, for example, Lagg-3, MiG-3, Yak-1. German pilots flew to BF. 109, BF. 110 and FW 190.

Fighters-bombers

Universal technique combining the qualities of two aircraft described above. Their main advantages have become the fact that they can inflate fire for land goals without cover. They combine three most important features: lightness, maneuverability and sufficient booster armament. Among the most common examples are MiG-27, SU-17, F-15E Strike Eagle, Sepecat Jaguar.

Lockheed Martin F-35 Lockheed Martin F-35 Lockheed Bomber Fighter

Interceptors

This is a subspecies of fighters worthy of a separate class. The priority task of such aircraft is the destruction of enemy bombers. From fighters, they are distinguished by the presence of radar equipment in addition to rapid guns. The well-known Soviet models include SU-9, SU-15, Yak-28, MiG-25 and others.

Stormware

Airplanes from this category have been developed for air support for the ground forces during the fight. The secondary task is the defeat of the marine and terrestrial objects. Perhaps the most famous name of aircraft intended for the assault and designed in the Soviet Union - IL-2. Interestingly, it is this model that is the most massively produced in history: it was issued in total 36 183 units This technique.

Airplanes of civil aviation

Today, air transport is one of the most popular means of moving. In the modern world there are so many of the units of passenger machinery that every 3 seconds somewhere on the globe makes landing one passenger liner. Below is the most common classification of aircraft.

Passenger wide-body two-candy aircraft Airbus A380

Wide-body

Such aircraft are distinguished by large dimensions, they are developed for flights to medium and large distances (some models overcome routes with a length of up to 11,000 km). The length of the case can reach 70 meters, and the width of the cabin allows for 7-10 chairs in a row. Planes such as, for example, Boeing 747 and A380 have two decks. Due to the expensive liners from this group are at the disposal of a relatively small number of airlines.

Nekkofusive

This is the largest group, the liners from which are usually used for small or medium length routes. The fuselage diameter most often does not exceed 4 meters. The most famous plane from this category - Boening 737, more precisely, 10 types of aircraft belonging to the Boeing 737 family.

Regional and local

The first includes small aircraft that transport up to 100 passengers at distances not exceeding 2-3 thousand km. It is noteworthy that they can be used both turboprop and jet engines. As an example of aircraft from this group, you can mention ERJ, ATR, DASH-8 and SAAB.

Local aircraft overcome the routes with a length of no more than 1000 km, in the cabin there is a maximum of 20 seats. The most famous manufacturers of this technique are Cessna and Beechcraft.

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