Munich is all about the city. Population of Munich: size, ethnic composition

City Munich is the capital of the federal state of Bavaria and administrative district Upper Bavaria, it is located in the southern part of Germany, on the Isar River. Bavaria is distinguished from the rest of Germany by its special atmosphere, exuding freedom and hospitality, and Munich is the center of this atmosphere. The city captivates visiting tourists with its distinctive culture, cheerful festivities and ancient buildings reflecting the grandeur and luxury of the former empire. People come to Munich to meet rich history this glorious city, walk through its luxurious palaces and wonderful parks, and, of course, taste signature Bavarian beer at the famous Oktoberfest.

The name of Munich, according to official version, comes from the Old High German word “munichen”, which means “monk”. The city began to be called that way back in the 8th century, when monks from the neighboring Sheftlarn monastery decided to build a settlement on Peter’s Hill, and it was then that the early history Munich. In 1175, its first city walls were built around Munich. The city grew rapidly and, starting in 1806, it was given the status of capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria. The prosperous existence of the inhabitants of Munich lasted until 1916, when the first bombs were dropped on the city. After the end of the First World War, Munich remained unsettled, and in 1923 the grievances of radical citizens resulted in the Beer Hall Putsch, during which Hitler's supporters staged an unsuccessful coup attempt. Despite this, during the Second World War, there were many anti-Nazi citizens in Munich, as a result of which the city became a center of German non-military resistance; it was here that the headquarters of the underground organization “White Rose” was located.

At the end of World War II, Munich was heavily damaged, having been bombed 71 times during the war. Over time, the city authorities decided to begin a restoration project historical center Munich, and as a result of the work done, Munich can now boast an abundance of ancient architectural monuments.

The total area of ​​Munich is just over 310 sq. km, the urban population is approaching 1.5 million people. Administrative division Munich has 25 districts.

How to get to Munich

By plane

Munich international Airport named after Franz Josef Strauss serves flights of such well-known companies as AirBerlin, Star Alliance, Lufthanza, S7, Germanwings, Germania Express and Aeroflot. Munich Airport ranks second in Germany in terms of the number of passengers served. Munich International Airport is located 28 kilometers from the city center. Regular daily flights connect the capital of Bavaria with Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. You can get from Munich airport to the city center by bus, taxi or high-speed train.

Tickets to Munich

By train

Munich's main train station, located in the city center, is also the second largest in Germany in terms of passenger numbers. It serves international trains to most European countries.

By bus

The central bus station in Munich receives bus services from both international and regional destinations. The Central Munich bus station is located near the Main railway station. The bus station building has a well-thought-out layout and futuristic design.

Munich climate

Munich has a temperate continental climate and the city typically has relatively mild winters with little rainfall and warm but rainy summers. average temperature in the summer months it stays at 20-23 degrees Celsius, the average winter temperature ranges from +1 to -2 degrees.

Transport in Munich

Urban transport infrastructure represented by buses, trams, electric trains and the metro. The S-Bahn in Munich is quite a popular route. public transport, as it allows you to quickly get to almost any place in the city or surrounding area. The Munich metro consists of 8 lines, along which there are about a hundred stations. Tariffs for tickets in all types of urban transport vary depending on the number of tariff zones crossed, of which there are four in the city. The easiest way for a visiting tourist in Munich is to buy a Munchen City Card, thanks to which it is possible free pass around the city and discounts are provided.

Excursions and tours in Munich

Munich culture

Those who love spending time in museums will definitely enjoy Munich - there are several excellent museums in which you can learn a lot of useful knowledge and broaden your horizons. One of the most famous art galleries in the world, the Alte Pinakothek contains more than 700 paintings by famous German and foreign masters, including paintings by El Greco, Rubens and Leonardo da Vinci. Munich also has a very educational museum dedicated to technology and natural sciences.

Entertainment in Munich

Without a doubt, the most popular entertainment in Munich, for which whole crowds of tourists come here every year, is Oktoberfest, the number one beer festival in the world. The holiday begins at the end of September and lasts about two weeks. During Oktoberfest, you can not only taste the product of Munich breweries, but also ride one of the attractions that are always present at the festival. The Oktoberfest celebration traditionally begins in the center of Munich, and then moves to Theresa's Meadow, named after Princess Therese, to whom this festival actually owes its existence.

When is the best time to visit Munich?

As a rule, tourists come to Munich for winter holidays, or in mid-autumn, at Oktoberfest. It is also worth visiting Munich at the end of June, when the city hosts the Munich Opera Festival.

A city located on the river called Isar Munich is the largest in area and population in the entire federal state of Bavaria. Munich is home to almost one and a half million native residents and almost two hundred thousand visitors who work in numerous enterprises of the amazing Bavarian city.

It is worth noting that Munich ranks third in Germany in terms of population after Berlin and Hamburg, which does not prevent it from being one of the main tourist centers countries.

Wurzburg residence

Hundreds of thousands of tourists from all over the world come to the capital of Bavaria every year to not only enjoy the mass of attractions, architectural and historical monuments and visit one of the many museums, but also to taste the famous and best Bavarian beer on the planet. By the way, it is in Munich that there are private breweries that have been supplying their products for the legendary Oktoberfest for almost two centuries.

Having visited Munich, you can get the most complete idea of ​​what German quality, accuracy and order are. The city is home to a huge number of different research centers, universities and the largest Bavarian state library in the Old World, which can provide its visitors with more than six million publications for reference. All this undoubtedly suggests that the best specialists in their fields live and work in Munich, and the city’s educational institutions annually graduate the most talented young people who, thanks to their education, find jobs not only in Germany, but also abroad. to the whole world.

Bavarian State Chancellery

Munich is a beautiful city, which seemed to be specially created for the comfortable living of indigenous people. Even the climatic conditions in Munich can be called ideal for the human body: in summer the temperature in the city rarely exceeds 18-20 degrees Celsius, and in winter it does not fall below minus 3 degrees Celsius.

Munich - a brief history

Munich is one of the few cities whose name origin is not controversial among historians and linguists. The word “Munich” comes from the ancient German word Munichen, which can be literally translated into Russian as “among the monks.” It was no coincidence that the name of the city came about: back in the 8th century, monks set up their settlement on Peter’s Hill. Documents that have survived to this day speak of Munich as a city already in 1175. Although, its name can be found a little earlier - in 1158, but then it was considered something like a village.

Nymphenburg Palace

The year 1255 became a landmark year for Munich. From this period of time, the city and the surrounding territory began to belong to the legendary Wittelsbach dynasty, which managed to unite all of Bavaria in 1507. They ruled these lands until the 1918 revolution. Even today in Nymphenburg Palace, which is one of the most beautiful sights in Bavaria, is home to the last of the Wittelsbach descendants. Speaking about the history of Munich, one cannot help but mention the year 1810: in October of this year the wedding of Ludwig I and Therese of Saxony-Hildburghaus took place. On October 17, 1810, in honor of this wedding celebration, the first holiday was held, which later became known as Oktoberfest.

Munich in wartime

The first destruction of the city's buildings occurred in 1916: then the French dropped three bombs from their planes on beautiful Munich. In 1933, not only Munich, but the whole of Bavaria gave the smallest number of votes for the party of Adolf Hitler, and this despite the fact that ten years before that, the famous Beer Hall Putsch took place in the city: even then Hitler and his few comrades tried to take by force power in the country. The tyrant did not forgive Munich for weak support in the elections; the very next year, on Hitler’s orders, more than 60 Bavarian politicians were killed on the night known as the “long knives.”

Isar Gate

Munich nevertheless became a center for the NSDAP, the reason for this was not only the Beer Hall Putsch and numerous murders, but also the fact that this city became the starting point in the careers of Himmler and Heydrich. Surprisingly, already in 1933, very close to the quiet and cozy city, where life went on as usual, a concentration camp was built in Dachau.

Reading all of the above, one can come to the conclusion that Munich was a den of fascists, but this is far from true: in not a single German city there were not as many protests and underground movements aimed at undermining the Nazis as in the Bavarian capital. One of these organizations, called “White Rose,” allowed the American army to enter Munich in 1945 without firing a shot. Many participants in the movement gave their lives so that selected SS troops could not blow up the bridges. However, bombing and artillery shelling from howitzers almost completely destroyed the city center with its unique architectural monuments.

Gate of the Propylaea

At the beginning of the war, 815 thousand people lived in the city; just over 400,000 remained alive. Munich was one of the German cities where quite a lot of people lived a large number of Jews. According to the most conservative estimates, already in the first years after Hitler came to power, 9,300 people were killed, and this despite the fact that the total number of the Jewish community in Munich was 10,000 people.

Munich - today

Unfortunately, it is impossible to describe the capital of Bavaria briefly. A huge number of attractions, including magnificent squares, Nymphenburg Palace, St. Peter's Church, St. Michael's Church, the legendary Allianz Arena, gallery of modern art - just a small part of the monuments of history, architecture and culture of the Bavarian people. Of particular interest to tourists is the Cathedral of the Holy Virgin, which was built in the 15th century in the Gothic style. It is in this building that the remains of Ludwig IV rest in a black sarcophagus. The two towers of this magnificent cathedral are the symbol of the city. At the entrance to this temple there is a footprint, which, according to ancient legend, left by Satan himself.

Glyptothek

If a traveler is brought to Munich, he should definitely visit the Asamkirche church, which, according to modern architects, is the best building in Europe built in the Baroque style. If you look at the tourist brochures for the city, which provides its visitors with various agencies and hotels in Munich, we can conclude that the capital of Bavaria is rightfully considered a city of museums. The most beautiful of them, which contain unique and priceless exhibits, are the Glyptothek, the Old and New Pinakothek. They were created during the reign of Louis I of Bavaria. By the way, The Old Pinakothek, along with Nymphenburg Palace, is the most visited place in Munich. It stores more than 9 thousand paintings by the greatest artists of past centuries. One of them has no price - this is the legendary “Madonna and Child”, painted by Leonardo da Vinci.

Of particular interest to football fans is the famous Allianz Arena, which is the home stadium of the formidable Bayern Munich club. Entire families travel to Munich: regardless of age, everyone will find something interesting for themselves in this city. Children, as well as adults, will simply be delighted to visit the Toy Museum. Among its exhibits are toys created by Ivan Steiger, numerous railways and a huge composition dedicated to the history and development of the Barbie doll, which at one time “conquered” the world.

Arc de Triomphe Siegestor

Munich - a note for tourists

For a traveler who decides to visit Munich and get acquainted with all its attractions, it is best to take an air flight. Just outside Munich is one of the largest and safest airports in Europe. Surprisingly, even an airport named after a famous politician can safely be considered a Bavarian landmark. How could it be otherwise: after all, in a year it easily serves more than 50 million (!) people.

Vladimir Dergachev, photos by Anton and Vladimir Dergachev

The Bavarian State Chancellery is located on the eastern side of the Hofgarten park opposite the Munich Royal Residence.In the center of the park is the pavilion “Temple of Diana” (1615).

“The population of Germany is divided into two parts -
those who live in Munich and those who dream of living in it"
Bavarian joke

Federal state "Free State of Bavaria"- is the largest in area in Germany and one of the most highly developed regions of Europe. This is a country within a country with its own traditions, but no one accuses the Bavarians of separatism. The population of Bavaria is 12.5 million people. The capital Munich (1.5 million people, 2015), located on the Isar River in the foothills of the Alps, is the third largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. According to locals, everything here is “the best” in Germany, starting with the football team. We can name three main brands of the Bavarian capital - BMW, Beer and Opera (Wagner). The greatest German composer of the nineteenth century, Richard Wagner, enjoyed the special favor of the Bavarian king Ludwig II.

In international rankings, Munich has repeatedly been included in the top ten cities with the highest quality of life in the world and at the same time is considered one of the most expensive cities in Germany. The city was nicknamed “Toytown” for its high standard of living and safety. German residents call the city "Millionendorf" ("village with a million people").

Munich is a major cultural, industrial and research center in Germany and Europe. Here are the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts, the Philharmonic, the Higher School of Music, the Technical University of Munich, the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the Ukrainian free university, Max Planck and Heinz Mayer-Leibniz Research Institutes, Nuclear Research Reactor and many other institutions.
One of the largest in Europe, the Bavarian State Library has 6 million volumes. Here the future leader of the world proletariat studied political works Vladimir Ulyanov-Lenin, and then the future leader of the Third Reich, an unrecognized Austrian artist, began his political career Adolf Gitler .

Bavaria is a rich federal state, and Munich is one of the most promising European cities for investment, especially in real estate and tourism. In terms of the level of development of the banking system, the Bavarian capital ranks second in Germany after Frankfurt am Main. Thousands of new companies are registered in the city every year.
A powerful industrial infrastructure has been created in Munich; the headquarters of such giants as BMW, Microsoft and Siemens are located here. Medicine is developing rapidly, aviation industry, protection technologies environment. Bavaria is home to one of Europe's largest Silicon Valleys (technopolises), and Munich is considered the high-tech capital of Germany.

The world's first driver's license and car license plates were issued in Munich. The concern "Bavarian Motor Works" (BMW) is represented in Munich by the headquarters of "Bavarian Motors". Next to the skyscraper, reminiscent of the outlines of motor cylinders, a giant advertising and entertainment complex “BMW World” was built.
Munich is famous for its brewing traditions. The world famous Oktoberfest beer festival is held annually.

***
History of Munich dates back to the 8th century, when monks settled on a local hill. This is where the name comes from the Old High German Munichen (“with the monks”). Today on this site is the Church of St. Peter. The city was first mentioned in documents in 1158, when the Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, Henry, nicknamed the Lion, showed enterprise. He burned the only bridge over the Isar River near Freising to deprive the local bishop of income from the salt trade from Salzburg and built new bridge near the village of Munichen. And white gold began to work for the future of the Bavarian capital.

In 1240, Munich came into the possession of the German feudal family of the Wittelsbachs and was their residence until 1918, and since 1806 - the capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria. After the First World War and the flight of the king, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed in Munich on April 13, 1919, which was defeated on May 3, 1919 by troops of a local revanchist organization.

The Nazi Party was created in the Hofbräuhaus beer hall on February 24, 1920, and in 1923 the Beer Hall Putsch took place in another Bürgerbräukeller beer hall. But then the Weimar Republic survived, Adolf Hitler was sentenced to 5 years (released after 9 months), and the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) was temporarily banned in Germany.

In 1933, after the Reichstag elections, the Nazis came to power and in 1934, Hitler dealt with his political opponents during Operation Night of the Long Knives. Since 1935, Munich began to be officially called the “capital of the Nazi movement,” where, in addition to Hitler, Heydrich and Himmler began their political careers. The Nazis did not forget about the opponents of the regime, for whom the first concentration camp in Dachau was created near the city.

In 1938, an international agreement was signed in the capital of Bavaria between Germany, Italy, Great Britain and France. As a result of the so-called “Munich Agreement”, part of the territory of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) passed to Germany, and Hitler gained de facto control over the rest of Czechoslovakia.
During World War II, as a result of numerous bombings by British and American aircraft, many local residents and refugees were killed, and the historical center of Munich was almost completely destroyed. Of the 815 thousand inhabitants, 480 thousand remained in the city, and of the 10 thousand Jews, only 746 people remained.

After the occupation by American troops, in the post-war years Munich was completely restored, and in 1957 its population already exceeded 1 million inhabitants. The city continued to play a significant role in the German economy, politics and culture, earning the nickname Heimliche Hauptstadt ("secret capital") of Germany. Since 1962, the International Conference on Political and Security Issues has been held in Munich every February.

One of the railway directorates of the Deutsche Bundesbahn is located in Munich.

Munich's main station, after Hamburg's main station, is the second largest in Germany in terms of passenger traffic, serving 350 thousand passengers per day.

The new international airport, named after the German politician Franz Josef Strauss, was opened in 1992 and is the second largest in the number of passengers served in Germany (38 million passengers per year), the leader in domestic air transport(9 million passengers) and the base for the German national company Lufthansa. Munich is connected by autobahns to cities in Germany, Austria, Italy and Switzerland.

Munich hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics, the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cups, and the 1975, 1983 and 1993 Ice Hockey Championships. During the 1972 Summer Olympics, a terrorist attack was carried out against Israeli athletes.

***
Located in the center of Munich Bavarian State Chancellery- the highest state body, the seat of the prime minister and government of Bavaria. This is where the office is located

Bavarian Minister of State for Federal and European Affairs. Construction of the government building was completed in 1993.

In the past, this site housed one of the largest Bavarian War Museums in Europe, founded in 1879 by King Ludwig II. IN In 1905, a monumental palace in the classicist style was erected for him. During the Third Reich, the residence of the Reichskommissar (governor) of Bavaria was located here. During the Second World War, the building was damaged by bombing. The collection of the Bavarian War Museum has been located in Ingolstadt since 1969.

In 1982, a decision was made to demolish historical palace, however, city citizens spoke out in favor of preserving the architectural monument. As a result, we came to a compromise. The central part of the building with the dome was preserved, and modern extensions made of glass and metal appeared on the sides.

Equestrian statue of the Duke of Bavaria, Otto von Wittelsbach the Red (1117 - 1183), who became the first Duke of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which ruled Bavaria until 1918. The monument is erected in front of the main entrance to the historical building of the Bavarian State Chancellery, erected in 1905.

***
Munich's air gate is Franz Josef Strauss International Airport

Many books have been published about Munich, including guidebooks. My library contains an issue of the magazine “Around the World” (March 2009) with a detailed article about the Bavarian capital: Anastasia Butsko “Munich: between monarchy and anarchy.”

Munich, Germany: the most detailed information about the city of Munich, the main attractions with photos and descriptions, location on the map.

City of Munich (Germany)

Munich, a city in southern Germany on the banks of the Isar River, is the capital of Bavaria and the third largest city after Berlin and Hamburg. Within a two-hour drive there are several large lakes and ski resorts, which formed a temperate climate in the region, with a transition from marine to continental. Little snow winter and cool summer largely contributed to the fact that excursion holiday relevant in Munich all year round. However, there are exceptions when the thermometer in winter can drop to ... -30 C°.

Story

The history of the city begins in the 8th century; it was at this time that a small settlement of monks appeared here, which later acquired the status of a city. Over time, the lands came into the possession of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which ruled Bavaria until its division in 1255, but until 1918 the city remained their residence. Today, the Wittelsbach Palace operates as a museum and is open to tourists throughout the year.

During the First World War, Munich suffered greatly from air attacks organized by French troops. In 1918, the November Revolution brings the Social Democrats to power. King Ludwig III and his family have to flee the city. In 1919, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed in April, but a month later it was liquidated by government troops.

Second World War also left her typos on the city. Munich suffered more from Allied bombing. The result of seventy raids on the city was the almost complete destruction of its historical part, and Munich itself was 50% in ruins.

In the post-war period, the city quickly recovered and already in 1972 it was awarded the honor of hosting the Olympic Games on its territory. Built especially for this event Olympic Park To this day it is a place of pilgrimage for tourists.

Useful information for tourists

Getting around the city is much more convenient by public transport than by taxi. Firstly, taxis are expensive, and secondly, finding a car is not so easy, only in special parking lots. Moreover, not everyone local They will be able to give you the number of a taxi service, since few people use this service. Everyone has heard about German pedantry, but the organization of public transport can be the best way to see this.

Munich is connected by a large and well-branched tram network, bus routes, metro and even city trains. They all run on schedule, down to the minute. Those cases when transport is delayed are rare - so rare that it becomes the event of the day.

To move around the city comfortably, just choose the right ticket. This may seem like a daunting task at first, but if you plan ahead a tourist route and figure it out a little German- everything is quite simple. Munich transport system divided into 4 zones, internal, white and green (XXL) and general. The cost of tickets depends not on the distance you need to travel, and not even on the type of transport, but on the zone. For a tourist, the most optimal would be a day or three-day ticket Single-Tageskarte (for one person) or Partner-Tageskarte (up to 5 people).

How to get to Munich

Munich Franz Josef Strauß Airport (Flughafen München "Franz Josef Strauß") receives more than a hundred flights daily from different countries world, including from Russia. From the airport to the city center you can take the S-Bahn train, which stops at all significant stops in the city. You can buy a train ticket from one of the many machines, which, as a rule, are located right next to the escalators. Taxis are also available for Munich guests. The cost of a trip from the airport will be significantly higher than in the city.

You can also get to Munich by train. The railway connection here is well developed. However, those who like to travel by car will be satisfied with the road infrastructure, because many autobahns in German cities are connected specifically to Munich.

Where to stay

You can stay anywhere in Munich. It all depends on the tastes and preferences of the tourist. Luxurious and modest hotels, inexpensive apartments, hostels - everything is at the service of guests. However, you should take care of booking in advance, especially if we are talking about the peak tourist season.

Shopping and purchases

The capital of Bavaria will enchant shopping lovers. In Munich, in addition to large shopping centers where time flies by, literally on every street you can find boutiques of famous brands, souvenir shops and a variety of shops offering to buy anything you want. However, it is worth noting that boutiques and small shops are usually open until 18:00 and only from Monday to Saturday.

Seasonal markets and fairs

Antique market - you can only get to it on the first Saturday of the month. Here you can buy antique jewelry, furniture, accessories, postcards, and stamps.

BRK-Flohmark is a grand fair taking place at the end of April. Here you can buy children's things and toys, including antique ones, and their cost will be much lower than in local shops.

Riem Market is the largest Bavarian market. Mostly people come here to sell old things, but it’s difficult to call them old, rather new ones that have not found use in everyday life.

Viktualienmarkt - flea market. Contrary to prevailing stereotypes, for more than 200 years they have been selling not unnecessary things, but all kinds of products, including delicacies. By the way, farm products are constantly brought here, and bakeries also operate on the territory of the market.

Sights of Munich

If you want to learn more about the history and culture of Munich, feel the atmosphere of the capital of Bavaria, visit its main attractions: Frauenkirche, Nymphenburg Palace, St. Peter (St. Peter's Church), Residence, Old Town Hall. No less interesting would be a visit to the BMW Museum, Karlplatz. And, of course, do not forget to visit the English Garden and the Olympic Park.

Frauenkirche (Cathedral of Our Lady) - Gothic Cathedral, built in the 15th century, one of the symbols of Munich. The cathedral is 109 meters long, 40 meters wide and 37 meters high and can accommodate 20,000 people. The architecture of the cathedral features two towers, almost 100 meters high with stunning views of the city. The Frauenkirche is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture. This is a strict brick three-nave temple with a simple interior decoration. The footprint in the church hallway is called the Devil's footprint. According to legend, the evil spirit argued with the architect of the cathedral, but lost the argument. Enraged, he turned into the wind and tried to destroy the temple. That is why there is always a light breeze here.

Nymphenburg Palace is one of the main attractions of Munich, luxurious palace with a picturesque garden and a canal. Built like summer residence kings, the palace amazes with its luxury and severity of forms. The construction of Nymphenburg dates back to the 17th century. The architect was the Italian Barelli. Inside you can appreciate the life of monarchs, see objects of art and history. No less famous is the palace park - 229 hectares of park landscape in the English style. You can take a gondola ride along the palace canal.

Marienplatz

Marienplatz

Munich Marienplatz with New and Old Town Halls - worldwide famous center Bavarian capital. This is a real place of attraction for guests and residents of the city, a venue for major cultural events and fairs.

Particularly striking in the architecture of the square is the New Town Hall, a grandiose neo-Gothic building built at the beginning of the 20th century. Now the Munich City Council sits here. The tower of the New Town Hall provides a wonderful view of the old town. You can climb it by elevator.

In the center of the square there is an 11-meter Marian column from the late 16th century with a sculpture of the Virgin Mary with Christ.

Old Town Hall (left) and St. Petra (right)

In the eastern part of Marienplatz you can see two interesting buildings at once. The Old Town Hall is an ancient building from the 14th century in Gothic style, restored after the destruction of World War II. The tower houses a toy museum.

Near Old Town Hall located the Cathedral of St. Petra is the oldest parish church in Munich, whose history goes back more than 8 centuries. The building combines features of many architectural styles, and a beautiful Baroque altar was built inside. The architecture of the cathedral is distinguished by a 91-meter tower, which can offer one of the most beautiful views to Munich. To do this you need to overcome more than 300 steps.

Allianz Arena - home stadium football club Bayern, one of the most famous and comfortable stadiums in the world.

Karlplatz (Charles Square) is one of the main squares of the historical center with beautiful architecture. The square is named in honor of Charles IV Theodor, although the Munich residents themselves simply call the square Stachus. In honor of the old beer tavern that existed before its formation. The main architectural attraction is the Charles Gate - an ancient Gothic gate from the early 14th century, which used to be part of the city fortifications. Opposite is the Neo-Baroque Palace of Justice and the building shopping complex"Kaufhof Gallery". The main pedestrian street connects Karlplatz with another central square, Marienplatz.

Odeonplatz is an Italian-style square in the northern part of the historical center of Munich near Ludwigstrasse. Here you can admire a beautiful 17th century church in the late Baroque style with two powerful towers and a dome, a loggia similar to the structure in Piazza della Signoria in Florence, royal residence and the Hofgarten garden.

The residence is one of the largest palace complexes Germany, located near Odeonplatz on Max-Joseph-Platz. This is an impressive structure with an area of ​​more than 23,000 square meters. meters with luxurious halls in the style of classicism, baroque and rococo, decorated with objects of culture and art. The history of the Residence is more than 600 years. More than 40 original bronze sculptures from the 16th and 17th centuries are exhibited in the bronze halls of the palace, and in the treasury - royal regalia and other valuables.

The Olympic Park is one of the most beautiful and popular places Munich. Built on the occasion of the 1972 Olympic Games. There are several famous places Bavaria: Olympic Stadium, Olympic Hall and Olympic Towers. In addition, here is the most big park entertainment in Bavaria, concerts, entertainment and cultural events, festivals and various sporting events are held.

Other sights of Munich

BMW Welt is a museum of the world famous BMW brand. Exhibitions and promotions, excursions around the museum and factory are held here.

Pinakothek is an art gallery in Munich. The Old Pinakothek exhibits European paintings from the 14th to 18th centuries, while the New and Modern Pinakothek displays about 400 works of art from the 18th to 20th centuries.

The Bavarian State Opera is one of the largest opera houses in the world, giving 450 performances annually.

Hofbräuhaus is an old beer house. Here you can touch the secrets and traditions of Bavarian brewing, enjoy regional cuisine, beer, music and folk dances that convey the historical atmosphere of Munich.

The Old Court is the old imperial residence, located along the road from Marienplatz. This is Munich's Kaiserburg, where the museum is located.

Oktoberfest is Germany's legendary beer festival, held annually in Munich in the fall from mid-September to early October. This is the largest beer festival in the world, visited by more than 6 million tourists. During this time, millions of liters of beer are drunk here. Oktoberfest is an important part of Bavarian culture and its roots go back to the Middle Ages.

Video - Munich

Is the German city of Munich. Its population has long exceeded one million people. Plus it's quite old locality, which is cultural center region of Bavaria. Let's find out what the population of Munich is, what its size is, demographic characteristics, living conditions and much more.

Geographical location of Munich

Before we start studying the population of Munich, let's find out where this European city is located.

Munich is located in the southeast of Germany on the territory of the administrative district of Upper Bavaria in the federal Although Munich is the capital of the federal state and administrative center district, but at the same time it is one of the 107 cities in Germany that have non-district status.

A Brief History of Munich

In order to understand how the population of Munich was formed, you need to look at it through the prism of history.

The history of the first settlement in these places dates back to the Early Middle Ages, namely the 8th century, when monks began to live on Petersberg Hill. They made up the very first population of Munich. Chronicle evidence about Munich appeared only in 1158, but seventeen years later it received the status of a city with all the ensuing privileges. The city was mainly inhabited by Bavarians - a subethnic group of the German people.

In 1240, Munich came into the possession of Duke Otto the Most Serene of the House of Wittelsbach, who was the ruler of Bavaria and the Palatinate, which were part of the Holy Roman Empire. From then on, until 1918, the Wittelsbachs did not lose the right to own the said city. In 1255, after the division of Bavaria into two parts between the brothers, Munich became the capital of the Duchy of Upper Bavaria. In 1507, Bavaria reunited into a single duchy, but nevertheless Munich did not lose its capital status, remaining the center of the united state. In 1806, Bavaria received the status of a kingdom. Munich reached its real prosperity under King Ludwig I, who built buildings in the city, decorated it, and invited many famous cultural figures here. The city has become a real cultural capital of southern Germany.

During World War I, the city was bombed by the Entente forces. After the war, the King of Bavaria fled the country, and in 1919 in Munich, Marxist forces proclaimed the creation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic. True, less than a month later Bavaria was returned to Germany (Weimar Republic).

It was in Munich that the origins of German Nazism began. The National Socialist German Workers' Party was founded here in 1920. In 1923, in Munich, the Nazis launched an unsuccessful coup attempt, which became known as the Beer Hall Putsch. In 1933, the Nazis managed to come to power in Germany through democratic elections. But it should be noted that Munich at the same time became the main center of the anti-Nazi movement among German cities. During World War II, the city was subjected to repeated airstrikes, during which the population of Munich decreased by at least 25%.

After the end of the war, Munich fell into the American zone of occupation. The city was rebuilt. In 1949 it became part of the newly formed state of the Federal Republic of Germany. Munich became the country's largest industrial city, as well as one of its political and cultural centers. In terms of size and population in Germany, this settlement is second only to the capital of the country - the city of Berlin, as well as Hamburg.

Population

Now it's time to determine what Munich's population is. This indicator is the basis for all other demographic calculations. So, the population of Munich is about this moment 1526.1 thousand people.

As mentioned earlier, this is the third most populous result in Germany. For comparison, 3490.1 thousand people live in Berlin, 1803.8 thousand people live in Hamburg, and 1017.2 thousand people live in the fourth largest city in Germany, Cologne.

Dynamics of population changes

Now let's find out how the city's population has changed over time. Munich generally increased in terms of this indicator, although there were also periods when the number of residents temporarily decreased.

We will begin our excursion from 1840, when Munich was the capital of the kingdom. At that time, 126.9 thousand people lived in it. The population grew until 1939. So, in 1871 it was 193.0 thousand people, in 1900 - 526.1 thousand people, 1925 - 720.5 thousand people, in 1939 - 840.2 thousand people . But the Second World War, which resulted in the mobilization of men into the army, as well as the bombing of the city by Allied forces, significantly reduced the number. According to the 1950 census, the population of Munich is 830.8 thousand people, but we can say with confidence that in the first post-war years the number of residents was even smaller. But then growth began. So, in 1960, the population had already exceeded a million inhabitants, thereby setting a city record, and amounted to 1101.4 thousand inhabitants. In 1970, the city was already inhabited by 1,312 thousand people.

But then Munich, like the whole of Germany, suffered a demographic crisis. The birth rate has decreased significantly with increasing awareness in society of the level of responsibility for the child. In 1980, the population fell to 1298.9 thousand people, in 1990 it decreased to 1229.0 thousand people, and in 2000 to 1210.2 thousand people.

True, in the next period the number of residents began to grow again. Already in 2009 it reached a record level in its entire previous history - 1330.4 thousand inhabitants. But the growth didn't stop there. In 2013, the population reached the figure of 1407.8 thousand inhabitants, in 2015 - 1405.4 thousand inhabitants, and currently it is 1526.1 thousand inhabitants. The trend of population growth in the city continues today.

Population density

Which Munich occupies is 310.4 square meters. km. Knowing the area and population size, it is not difficult to calculate its density in Munich. At the moment it is 4890 people/sq. km.

For comparison, let's look at the density in other largest cities Germany. In Berlin it is 3834 people/sq. km, in Hamburg - 2388.6 people/sq. km,. and in Cologne - 2393 people/sq. km. Thus, we can state the fact that Munich has a fairly high population density.

Ethnic composition

Now let's find out what nationalities people live in Munich. The vast majority of the city's population are Germans, most of which belongs to the Bavarian subethnic group. Some ethnographers have even tried to distinguish them into a separate nation, since the culture and dialect are significantly different from the population of the rest of Germany.

But the city is home to quite a few immigrants from other countries of the world, as well as persons with foreign citizenship, including those with refugee status. The share of such residents exceeds 25% of the total number of residents. But the social protection of the population of Munich also applies to most of them.

Most of the population of Munich includes immigrants from Turkey. Their number is 39.4 thousand people. In addition, there are many immigrants from Croatia (29.3 thousand people), Greece (26.4 thousand people), Italy (26.0 thousand people), Austria (21.8 thousand people), Poland (21.1 thousand inhabitants), Bosnia and Herzegovina (16.5 thousand inhabitants), Romania (16.2 thousand inhabitants), Serbia (13.5 thousand inhabitants). It should be noted that in Lately the influx of refugees from Arab countries, mainly from Syria. However, this is a problem not only in Munich or Germany, but throughout Europe. However, Munich has the largest percentage of residents with a migration background in relation to the total urban population (compared to other large German cities).

Religion

Almost half of Munich's population does not belong to any religious community. Such people make up about 45% of the total number of residents. At the same time, 33.1% of the population are parishioners of the Roman Catholic Church, 11.9% are Protestants, 7.2% are Muslims, 0.3% are Jews, and another 0.7% belong to other faiths.

The Munich city administration is trying to ensure the rights of representatives of all religious denominations of the city.

Employment

Now let's find out in what areas of activity the population of Munich is employed. We present a description of the main areas of production in the city below.

The main branch of Munich's economy is mechanical engineering, in particular automotive and aircraft manufacturing. Thus, the largest German car production plant, which is a world-famous brand - BMW (Bavarian Motor Works), is located on the territory of the city. This enterprise provides the population with more than 100 thousand jobs.

The city has a developed electronics industry (Siemens concern). In addition, Munich is one of the world's largest beer production centers.

But industry is not the only direction of the city's economy. Developed here is the provision various services, in particular of a financial nature, since Munich is a major banking center.

Social protection of the population

Like most other cities in the European Union, Munich maintains high social standards. In particular, the employment center is responsible for employing the unemployed and paying them benefits. The population of Munich is thus insured against the problems that arise after losing a job.

As mentioned above, refugees and other migrants are also not left without adequate protection. They are also considered to constitute the population of Munich. The Migration Service, as well as other social institutions, provided that migrants comply with German laws, also guarantee them social protection.

General characteristics of the population of Munich

Munich is the third most populous city in Germany, the largest industrial and cultural center of the country. Currently, the city is experiencing a constant increase in the number of residents, which is also provided by migrants, who make up about 25% of the total number of Munich residents. About half the city's population does not profess any religion. Among believers, the majority are Catholics.

In general, we can say that Munich has excellent demographic and economic prospects.