Baltic Sea on the map of Eurasia. Baltic Sea: salinity, depth, coordinates and interesting facts
Once upon a time this could only be dreamed of, but today a private house on the shore Baltic Sea is becoming quite commonplace. Every year, city dwellers' craving for nature becomes stronger, and they often prefer suburban housing to the city. A good plot of land near the sea has many advantages. Firstly, there is an aesthetic benefit (after all, with the purchase of a plot, the buyer gets the opportunity to live in an area with untouched nature and enjoy beautiful landscape and clean air). Secondly, by purchasing a plot of land near the sea, the buyer makes a very profitable financial investment, since the Baltic coast is located in a geographically attractive area.
Kaliningrad region - unique place in Russia. Favorable climate, a large number of green spaces, developed infrastructure of the region, high level The lifestyle of the population is increasingly attracting tourists and new residents to the region. And, of course, the Kaliningrad region is famous for its pearl - the Baltic Sea.
A house near the sea is every person’s dream, and it is completely real! After all, by purchasing a plot of land on the shores of the Baltic Sea, the buyer gets the opportunity to immediately begin building his own home. All plots offered for sale have already been prepared for development, and the buyer will not require additional approvals. Possible purchase land plot followed by moving into an already built comfortable house near the sea.
Interactive map of the Baltic Sea online from satellite
Baltic coast is a beautiful landscape and perfect place for a wonderful holiday and comfortable life. There is also a great opportunity to rent a house on the coast and spend unforgettable vacation in the Baltic.
Strongly embedded in the mainland. It is not as harsh as the climate of the Arctic seas, although the Baltic Sea is located in the northwestern part of Russia. This sea is almost completely limited by land. Only from the southwest is this sea connected to the waters by various straits. The Baltic Sea belongs to the type of inland seas.
The shores washed by this sea have different origins. Quite complicated and... The Baltic Sea has a rather shallow depth, due to the fact that it is located within the boundaries of a continental shallow.
The greatest depth of the Baltic Sea is recorded in the Landsort Basin. The Danish Straits are characterized by shallow depths. The depth of the Great Belt is 10 - 25 m, the Little Belt - 10 - 35 m. The waters of the Sound have a depth of 7 to 15 m. The shallow depths of the straits interfere with the smooth exchange of waters between the Baltic Sea and. The Baltic Sea covers an area of 419 thousand km2. The volume of water is 321.5 km 3 . Average depth water level is about 51 m. Maximum depth sea – 470 m.
The climate of the Baltic Sea is influenced by its location in the temperate latitude zone, its proximity Atlantic Ocean and the location of most of the sea inland. All these factors contribute to the fact that the climate of the Baltic Sea is in many ways close to the maritime climate of temperate latitudes, and there are also some features of a continental climate. Due to the fairly significant extent of the sea, there are some distinctive climate features in different parts of the sea.
In the Baltic, it is largely due to the influence of the Icelandic, Siberian and. Seasonal patterns vary depending on whose influence is dominant. In autumn and winter, the Baltic Sea is influenced by the Icelandic low and the Siberian high. As a result of this, the sea is at the mercy of the sea, which spreads in the fall from west to east, and in winter to the northeast. This period is characterized by cloudy weather with strong southwestern and western winds.
In January and February, when the lowest is observed, average monthly temperature in the central part of the sea it is – 3°С, and in the north and east – 5–8°С. As the Polar Maximum intensifies, cold temperatures reach the Baltic Sea. As a result, it drops to – 30 – 35°C. But such cold snaps happen quite rarely and, as a rule, they are short-lived.
In the spring-summer period, the Siberian High loses its strength, and the dominant influence on the Baltic Sea is exerted by the Azores and, to a lesser extent, the Polar High. At this time, it is observed at sea. Cyclones coming to the Baltic from the Atlantic Ocean are not as significant as in winter. All this causes the unstable direction of the winds, which have low speeds. In the spring season, northern winds have a great influence on the weather; they bring cold air.
In summer, winds from the west and north-west prevail. These winds are predominantly light or . Due to their influence, cool and humid weather is observed in summer. average temperature July reaches + 14 – 15°C in the Gulf of Bothnia and +16 – 18°C in other areas of the sea. Very rarely warm water arrives in the Baltic air masses which cause hot weather.
The temperature of the Baltic Sea waters depends on the specific location. In winter, the water temperature off the coast is lower than in the open sea. In the western part the sea is warmer than in the eastern part, which is due to the cooling influence of the land. IN summer time the coldest waters are western shores in the central and southern zone of the sea. This distribution of temperatures is due to the fact that the western ones move heated upper waters from the western shores. Their place is taken by cold deep waters.
Shore of the Baltic Sea
About 250 large and small rivers carry their waters into the Baltic Sea. During the year they give to the sea about 433 km 3, which is 2.1% of the total volume of the sea. The most abundant are: the Neva, which flows 83.5 km 3 per year, the Vistula (30.4 km 3 per year), the Neman (20.8 km 3 per year) and the Daugava (19.7 km 3 per year). The share varies in different areas of the Baltic Sea. For example, in the Gulf of Bothnia, rivers contribute 188 km 3 per year, while the volume of continental waters is equal to 109.8 km 3 / year. The Gulf of Riga receives 36.7 km 3 /year and in the central part of the Baltic it is 111.6 km 3 /year. Thus, the eastern regions of the sea receive more than half of all continental waters.
Throughout the year, rivers bring unequal amounts of water to the sea. If the full flow of rivers is regulated by a lake, as, for example, near the Neva River, then the greater flow occurs in the spring-summer period. If the full flow of rivers is not regulated by lakes, as, for example, near the Daugava River, then the maximum flow is observed in the spring and a slight increase in the fall.
They are practically not observed. Currents affecting surface waters are caused by winds and river flow. In winter, the waters of the Baltic Sea are covered with ice. But during the same winter, the ice can melt several times and freeze the waters again. This sea is never completely covered with ice.
Fishing is widely developed in the Baltic Sea. Herring, sprat, cod, whitefish, lamprey, salmon and other types of fish are caught here. A large amount of algae is also found in these waters. There are many marine farms in the Baltic Sea where the most sought-after fish species are grown. There are a large number of placers on the Baltic Sea coast. Amber mining work is being carried out in the area. There is oil in the depths of the Baltic Sea.
Shipping is widely developed in the waters of the Baltic Sea. Sea transport of various goods is constantly carried out here. Thanks to the Baltic Sea, it maintains close economic and trade relations with Western European countries. There are a large number of ports on the Baltic Sea coast.
In front of you detailed map Coasts of the Baltic Sea with names of cities and settlements in Russian. Move the map while holding it with the left mouse button. You can move around the map by clicking on one of the four arrows in the upper left corner. You can change the scale using the scale on the right side of the map or turning the mouse wheel.
In which country is the Baltic Sea coast located?
The Baltic Sea coast is located in Germany. This is wonderful a nice place, with its own history and traditions. Coordinates of the Baltic Sea Coast: northern latitude and eastern longitude (show on large map).
Virtual walk
The “man” figurine above the scale will help you take a virtual walk through the cities of the Baltic Sea Coast. By clicking and holding the left mouse button, drag it to any place on the map and you will go for a walk, while inscriptions with the approximate address of the area will appear in the upper left corner. Select the direction of movement by clicking on the arrows in the center of the screen. The “Satellite” option at the top left allows you to see a relief image of the surface. In the "Map" mode you will have the opportunity to familiarize yourself in detail with highways Baltic Sea coast and main attractions.
Baltic Sea(Old Russian Varangian, Lit./Lat. Baltijos/Baltijas jūra, Liv. Vālda mer, Est. Läänemeri, Finnish. Itämeri, Swiss. Östersjön, Dan. Østersøen, German. Ostsee, Kashubian. Bôłt, Polish. Morze Bałtyckie, Bałtyk, Sami Nuortamearra) inland sea of the Atlantic Ocean. Located off the coast of Northern and Central Europe. Connects with North Sea Danish Straits. Square- 419 thousand km2, almost equal to the area of the Black Sea (422 thousand km2). Length coastline Baltic - 7 thousand km. Extreme northern point The Baltic Sea is located near the Arctic Circle, the southernmost is near Wismar, the westernmost is in the Flensburg area, and the easternmost is in the St. Petersburg area. The coast is distributed between the countries as follows: Sweden owns 35% of the coast, Finland - 17%, former USSR had 25% of the coast, Russia now has about 7% (about 500 km). The rest belongs to Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Germany, Denmark.
Prevailing depths 40-100 m, maximum - 470 m. The greatest depths are in the north, off the coast of Sweden, on average 60-150 m. The Curonian Lagoon is considered the shallowest, where the depths do not exceed 5 meters. In some areas there are underwater shoals, which significantly complicates navigation.
From the history of the Baltic Sea
It was formed at the site of a large tectonic depression of the earth's crust during the Alpine era of mountain building at the junction of the Baltic crystalline shield with the sedimentary strata of the Russian Platform. After the melting of the ice sheet, there was a vast expanse of water connecting the North Sea with the White Sea. This process began 18-20 thousand years ago. 13 thousand years ago the glacier finally left the territory of Lithuania. When the ice melted, water filled the depressions in the Baltic Sea - this is how the cold glacial Baltic Lake was formed, which at different periods connected with the Atlantic Ocean. This lake existed 13-10 thousand years ago.
Somewhat later, the glacier left the Central Swedish Lowland. The resulting channel connected the lake with the Atlantic Ocean. With the new arrival of the glacier, the level of the glacial lake began to rise, and with its departure it dropped by 40 - 50 m. large areas sushi. This is how the Yoldian Sea was formed, which received its name from the abundance of mollusks that lived in it (from the Latin Yoldia arctica). The compensatory uplift of the continental plate, which occurred in the southern part of the Baltic Sea basin, deprived the Yoldian Sea of its connection with the Atlantic Ocean. The rivers sharply reduced the salinity of this water basin and raised its level. This is how Ancylus Lake was formed 9 thousand years ago (the name comes from the name of the mollusks Ancylus fluviatilis). Its deposits were preserved at a depth of 16-18 m. At this stage of the formation of the Baltic Sea, the climate was warm and dry.
7.5 thousand years ago, the salty waters of the Atlantic Ocean broke into Lake Ancylus, and the Littorina Sea was formed (the name comes from the name of the mollusks Littorina littoraea). 4 thousand years ago, the Baltic Sea gradually acquired its modern appearance: its salinity decreased, and modern animals and plants began to predominate.
Salinity
The Baltic Sea is the largest sea in the world with the lowest
The presence of certain types of fish in a particular area is also associated with varying degrees of water salinity. The flora and fauna of the Baltic Sea have a transitional character from the sea to a freshwater lake. So, often sea shellfish, like oysters, Mua
trunata, Littorina littoralis, etc. are only in the west. parts of the sea where the water is saltier. Along with marine fish, this sea is also home to freshwater fish - perch, bream, grayling, whitefish and others. In areas of high salinity and with great depth, cod, various types of herring, herring, flounder, turbot, goby, eelpout, and sprat predominate. Less common, but still found, are salmon - sea trout (trout), whitefish and Baltic salmon (a type of salmon). There are a lot of three-spined sticklebacks and small fish. There are seals near the Åland Islands.
Tidal fluctuations in the Baltic are only a few centimeters. This is explained by the fact that the ocean tidal wave, reaching the coast of Denmark, loses its strength by almost 90% or subsides completely. However, the water level in the Baltic Sea changes frequently and sharply, due to the western and northwestern winds, which drive water into the Kaliningrad and Curonian Lagoons, as if locking weak river currents in their channels, preventing them from reaching the sea. If the winds blow from the south and east, the opposite phenomenon occurs, and in some places the sea moves away from the coast, forming islands of land interspersed with areas of sandbanks. Fluctuations in water temperatures are also associated with this. In summer, the water temperature ranges from 14° to 20° (sometimes higher, but the average level is 18-19°). The heated warm water is driven away from the shore by the frequent winds in these places, and bottom, deep currents bring colder layers of water. So in a short time the water temperature can drop to 8-9°. Summer in the Baltic It is never hot, but winter, in turn, is never cold. In winter, the Baltic Sea freezes, but this happens mainly along the coast, where solid ice forms a small strip or fills the bays, and the Curonian Lagoon freezes earlier than the Kaliningrad Lagoon. It should be noted that the reliability of the ice cover of bays is not the same everywhere, so fishing from such ice is always associated with a known risk to life. In addition, in some places the ice has large irregularities and has a significant drift speed. You can often see cracks and breaks along the coast, especially if the weather is windy. The accumulation of ice sometimes takes on bizarre shapes, especially if blocks of ice collide with rocks or sandbanks. Autumn and winter the role of winds increases. South-westerly Atlantic winds bring warmth, and long thaws occur, accompanied by sleet and rain.
The most dangerous time for fishing is accompanied strong wind. In a word, the wind is the decisive factor that “makes the weather” throughout the Baltic Sea. Winds in Palanga (Lithuania) have interesting names: seawater(western), predominant in this part of the coast; terrestrial- east wind blowing towards the sea; goat- southeast; Finnish- northwestern. And there is more amber wind(Bernsteinwind - German Bernsteinwind) a weakening north-west wind from the sea on the Baltic coast, which, during the sea swell, helps wash out the so-called amber grass from the exposed amber layers and drives algae with amber to the shore. They flow into the Baltic Sea rivers: Neva, Narva, Western Dvina(Daugava), Venta, Neman, Vistula, Oder. Large islands: Bornholm (Denmark), Gotland, Öland (Sweden), Saaremaa, Hiiumaa (Estonia), Rügen, Usedom (Germany), Aland. Large bays: Bothnian, Finnish, Riga, Curonian.
Gulf of Riga- a bay in the east of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia. Partially separated from the rest of the sea by the Estonian island of Ezel (Saaremaa). The most important cities along the coast of the Gulf of Riga are Riga and Pärnu. The Estonian island of Ruhnu is located in the Gulf of Riga. Total area: 16300 km², max. length: 174 km, max. width: 137 km, max. depth: 67 m, inflowing rivers : Zap. Dvina (Daugava), Courland Aa (Lielupe), Livlyandskaya Aa (Gauja), Salis (Salaca).Main ports: St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad (Russia), Tallinn (Estonia), Riga, Ventspils, Liepaja (Latvia), Klaipeda (Lithuania), Gdansk-Gdynia, Szczecin (Poland), Rostock, Kiel, Lubeck (Germany), Copenhagen, Malmo , Stockholm, Luleå, Umeå, Gävle, Sundsvall, Hudikval (Sweden), Turku, Helsinki, Rauma, Pori, Vaasa, Kokkola (Finland).
Resorts: Pärnu (Estonia), Jurmala, Liepaja, Pavilosta (Latvia), Palanga, Sventoji, Neringa (Lithuania), Kolobrzeg, Ustka (Poland), Heringsdorf, Warnemünde, Binz (Germany), etc.
The Baltic Sea is the northern marginal body of water in Eurasia. It cuts deep into the land, and due to this it belongs to internal water flows. The sea fills the waters of the Atlantic. It is located in Northern Europe. The Baltic countries have access to the Baltic Sea. And also such states as: Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Russia and Poland. The stream connects to the ocean through the system and the North Sea.
The area of the reservoir is about 415 thousand square km. The volume of the water surface is more than 20 thousand cubic meters. km. The deepest trench is 470 meters.
Hydrology
The Baltic Sea, whose salinity greatly affects animals and vegetable world, filled with a huge amount of fresh water. Their constant source is precipitation. Salty streams penetrate the reservoir through bays and tributaries. Tides have insignificant levels and, as a rule, their magnitude is no more than 20 cm.
Constantly located within a radius of one mark. Air masses can have a strong influence on it. Off the coast, the water level can rise up to 50 cm, more bottlenecks- up to 2 meters.
There are practically no storms on the water stream. Like other seas washing Russia, the Baltic reservoir is calm, and rarely its waves can reach a height of 4 meters. It is most stormy in the fall, in November. Maximum fluctuations are 7-8 points. In winter they practically stop, which is facilitated by ice.
The constant current of the Baltic Sea is small. Within 10-15 cm/s. The maximum current increases during storms to 100-150 cm/s.
The tides of the Baltic Sea are almost invisible. This is facilitated to a greater extent by the isolation of the water flow. Their level varies within 20 meters. The maximum increase in water level is in August and September.
A significant part of the coast is covered with ice from October to April. The southern part and center of the sea, but glaciers can drift along them during the thawing period (June-August).
The Baltic Sea is rich in Natural resources. Oil reserves lie here and new fields are being developed. Large deposits of amber have also recently been discovered. The Nord Stream gas route runs along the bottom of the sea.
The Baltic Sea is also rich in fish and seafood. IN last years The ecology of the stream has deteriorated significantly. The waters become clogged with toxins coming from large rivers. The presence of chemical weapons dumps is also recorded.
Due to the shallow depth of the sea, shipping here is not very developed. Only light vessels are able to cross the watercourse without problems. The most major ports Baltic Sea: Vyborg, Kaliningrad, Gdansk, Copenhagen, Tallinn, St. Petersburg, Stockholm.
The waters of this reservoir are unsuitable for the development of resort tourism, but nevertheless there are sanatoriums and hospitals on the coastal part. These are the Russian resort cities of Svetlogorsk, Zelenogorsk, Sestroretsk, Latvian Jurmala, Lithuanian Neringa, Polish Koszalin and Sopot, German Albeck and Binz.
Brief description of water temperature and sea salinity
In the central part of the Baltic Sea, as a rule, the temperature rarely exceeds 15-18 o C. At the bottom it is about 4 degrees. The bay often experiences calm weather and +9..+12 o C.
The Baltic Sea, whose salinity decreases in the direction from west to east, has an official indicator of 20 ppm at the beginning of the current. At depth this figure increases by 1.5 times.
Name
For the first time, the etymological name “Baltic” is found in a historical treatise of the 11th century. More early name sea - Varyazhskoe. This is what is mentioned in the famous “Tale of Bygone Years”.
Extreme points
Extreme points of the Baltic Sea:
- southern - Wismar (Germany), coordinates - 53° 45` N. sh.;
- northern - Arctic Circle coordinates - 65° 40` N. sh.;
- eastern - St. Petersburg (Russia), coordinates - 30° 15` east. d.;
- western - Flensburg (Germany), coordinates - 9° 10` E. d.
Geographical characteristics: territory, tributaries and bays
The Baltic Sea (salinity and its characteristics are described below) extends from southwest to northeast for 1360 km. The greatest width is located between the cities of Stockholm and St. Petersburg. It is 650 kilometers.
According to historical information, the Baltic Sea has existed for about 4 thousand years. During the same period of time, the Neva (74 km), which flows into this body of water, begins to exist. In addition to it, more than 250 rivers merge with the stream. The largest of them are Vistula, Oder, Narva, Neman, Western Dvina.
Some ports of the Baltic Sea lie on its large bays. In the north is the Gulf of Bothnia, the largest and deepest. In the east - Riga, located between Estonia and Latvia, Finnish, washing the shores of Finland, Estonia, Russia, and Due to the fact that the latter is separated from the sea by a sand spit, the water in the stream is almost fresh. This is a unique feature.
The average depth of the Baltic Sea is 50 meters, the bottom is entirely within the mainland. This nuance makes it possible to classify it as an inland continental reservoir.
Islands
In the sea area there are more than 200 islands of different sizes. They are located unevenly both near the coast and far from them. The most large islands Baltics - Zealand, Falster, Mön, Langeland, Lolland, Bornholm, Funen (belong to Denmark); Öland and Gotland (Swedish islands); Fehmarn and Rügen (belongs to Germany); Hiiumaa, Saaremaa (Estonia).
Coastline
The Baltic Sea (the ocean strongly influences it with its waters) has a different coastline along the entire perimeter of the waters. In the northern part, the bottom is uneven and rocky, and the coast is indented with small bays, ledges and small islands. The southern part, on the contrary, has a flat bottom and a low-lying coast, with sandy beach, which in some areas is represented by small dunes. A frequent occurrence on the young coast are sand spits cutting deep into the sea.
The sedimentary bottom is represented by green, black silt (of glacial origin) and sand, and the soil consists of stones and boulders.
Salinity and its regular changes
Due to the large amount of precipitation and powerful water runoff from rivers, the Baltic Sea (the salinity of the reservoir is relatively low) is filled with excess fresh water. It is distributed unevenly. Where the Baltic reservoir enters deep into the shore, the water is almost fresh, and its salinity is influenced by the North Sea. This situation is not permanent. Storm winds contribute to water mixing.
Based on this, the salinity of the Baltic Sea is low. A decrease in its level is typical for the coastline; the highest number of ppm is at the bottom.
In the area where the watercourse meets the straits in the west, the water salinity is up to 20 ‰ on the sea surface, and at the bottom - 30 ‰. Off the coast of Bothnia and Gulf of Finland lowest indicator. It does not exceed 3 ‰. Levels from 6 to 8‰ are typical for the waters of the central part.
Seasonality also affects the distribution of salinity in the Baltic Sea waters. So, in the spring-summer season it decreases by 0.5-0.2 ppm. This is due to the fact that melt rivers carry fresh water in the sea. In autumn and winter, on the contrary, it increases due to the arrival of cold northern masses.
Changes in sea salinity are one of the important reasons that regulate biological, physical and chemical processes on the shore. Partly due to the freshness of the water, the shore has a loose structure.
