Who belongs to Asia? Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia is a major global economic center, known for its popular tourist destinations. This vast region is very diverse in terms of ethnic composition, culture and religion. All this over time affected the general way of life and arouses great interest among tourists from all over the world.

Countries South-East Asia- this is a generalized definition that refers to a number of states concentrated south of China, east of India and north of Australia. Despite this, a map of Southeast Asia usually includes 11 states.

Since the middle of the last century and now, this part of the world has been actively developing and playing a huge role in the global economy. The population of Southeast Asia is about 600 million people, the most populous country is Indonesia, and the most populous island is Java.

The length of the region from north to south is 3.2 thousand kilometers, and from west to east - 5.6. The countries of Southeast Asia are the following:

Sometimes this list includes some other territories controlled by states that are part of Asia, but in general their location is not among the countries of the southeast. Most often these are islands and territories controlled by China, India, Australia and Oceania, these include:

  • (China).
  • (China).
  • (Australia).
  • (China).
  • Nicobar Islands (India).
  • islands (India).
  • Ryukyu Islands (Japan).

According to various sources, about 40% of the world's population lives in the countries of Southeast Asia; many have united in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Thus, in 2019, almost half of the world’s GDP is produced here. The economic characteristics of recent years have been marked by high development in the region in many areas.

Tourism sector

The end of the war between the United States and Vietnam had a positive effect on the popularization of resorts in the late 60s. They are still actively developing today, especially since citizens of our country can go to most of these countries under a simplified visa regime, and many do not require a visa at all. The countries of Southeast Asia, due to their tropical climate, are suitable for beach holiday all year round.

Yet in certain parts of this gigantic peninsula the climate is different time The year is different, so it would be useful to study the maps in advance. In the middle and second half of winter, it is better to go to India, to an island or to Vietnam, since at this time of year there is no constant rainfall inherent in a tropical climate. Other suitable destinations include Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar.

  • southern China;
  • Indonesia;
  • Malaysia;
  • Pacific Islands.

The most popular destinations among our tourists are Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines and Sri Lanka.

Peoples and cultures

Racial and ethnic composition Southeast Asia is very heterogeneous. This also applies to religion: the eastern part of the archipelago is mostly inhabited by followers of Buddhism, and there are also Confucians - in view large quantity Chinese immigrants from southern provinces There are about 20 million of them here in China. These countries include Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and a number of other states. It is also not uncommon to meet Hindus and Christians. In the western part of Southeast Asia, Islam is predominantly practiced; this religion ranks first in terms of the number of followers.

The ethnic composition of the region is represented by the following peoples:

And on this list - just not most of of all ethnic groups and subgroups, there are also representatives of the peoples of Europe. By and large, the culture of the southeast is a cross between Indian and Chinese cultures.

The Spaniards and Portuguese, who colonized the islands in these places, had a great influence on the population. Arab culture also played a huge role; about 240 million people profess Islam here. Over the centuries, common traditions have developed here; almost everywhere in all these countries, people eat using Chinese chopsticks and are very fond of tea.

Yet there are amazing cultural features that will interest any foreigner. One of the most superstitious peoples in the archipelago are the Vietnamese. For example, it is customary for them to hang mirrors on the outside of the entrance: if a dragon comes, it will immediately run away, afraid of its own reflection. There is also a bad omen to meet a woman in the morning when leaving the house. Or it is considered bad manners to lay out cutlery on a table for one person. It is also not customary to touch a person’s shoulder or head, as they believe that good spirits are nearby, and touching them can scare them away.

Demography

In the countries of Southeast Asia for last years The birth rate has decreased, however, this part of the world ranks second in terms of population reproduction.

The inhabitants here are distributed very heterogeneously, the most densely populated place is the island of Java: the density per 1 square kilometer is 930 people. All are settled on the Indochina Peninsula, which occupies eastern part Southeast Asia, and the western Malay Archipelago, consisting of many large and small islands. The population preferably lives in the deltas of numerous rivers, the high mountain areas are less populated, and the forest areas are practically deserted.

The majority of all people live outside cities, the rest settle in developed centers, often the capitals of states, the lion's share of the economy of which is replenished by the tourist flow.

Thus, almost all of these cities have a population of over 1 million, yet most of the population lives outside them and is engaged in agriculture.

Economy

Looking at the map, the countries of Southeast Asia can be roughly divided into 2 camps. The first includes the following:

  • Laos;
  • Cambodia;
  • Vietnam.

In the post-war period, these countries chose the socialist path of development, when, in fact, territorial division began in order to strengthen national sovereignty. Back in the 1980s, these countries had practically no manufacturing industry; the local population was mainly engaged in agricultural work. According to UN statistics of those years, these states had low level development, per capita income usually did not exceed $500 per year.

The second camp includes the following countries:

  • Indonesia;
  • Malaysia;
  • Singapore;
  • Philippines;
  • Thailand;
  • Brunei.

Countries from this list united into the Association of Southeast Asia (ASEAN) and followed the path of a market economy. As a result, the socialist camp achieved less success, although initially all these countries had almost equal chances. Income per person per year ranged from 500 to 3 thousand dollars.

Most developed countries Brunei and Singapore are currently members of ASEAN, with a per capita income of about 20 thousand dollars. Such indicators were achieved due to the fact that Singapore has a well-developed industry, and Brunei acts as an exporter of petroleum products. Several factors helped the developing ASEAN:

  • Export.
  • Industry.
  • Foreign investments.
  • Creating corporations with a flexible, viable system.
  • Reforms.

ASEAN countries began to develop successfully due to the presence of a large number of natural resources, besides, they are constantly exporting their goods. Also in the countries of Southeast Asia, components for various household appliances, electronics and other equipment are made. Thailand also exports cars.

In countries following the path of socialism, the restructuring of the system began to take place at the end of the 1980s and produced visible results in just a few years. Vietnam began refining oil, extracting natural gas, iron ore and more. Foreign capital poured into this country from Singapore, a number of European countries. Thailand invested in Laos, and at the end of the twentieth century, both states were also able to join ASEAN.

According to Wikipedia, on this moment I managed to visit half of the countries in Southeast Asia. Let's briefly go over where it was interesting and what we could have skipped. If you are interested Southeast Asian countries, in the blocks below you will find links to all sections of interest.

Southeast Asia. Philippines.

I'll start with Philippines, because this country was the first to which I went to travel on my own. Having overcome a heap of doubts and fears, I discovered an amazing and new world travel. I realized that the world is not limited to the city in which I was born and how much there is still amazing places. Here I got my first experience of independent travel.


Southeast Asian countries - Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam.

This was my second trip, which included, in addition to the countries listed, also China. To be honest, China was the main country of that trip and it was there that I spent the most time. But China is not included in the list of countries in Southeast Asia, so today we are not talking about it.

IN Thailand I was only in Bangkok, and only for a couple of days. I can’t say exactly why, but the city left a rather pleasant impression. Markets, narrow streets, friendly Thais, temples. It was interesting to spend some time in this city.

Next was Cambodia, which lasted at most a week. Having driven along tourist places, such as Angkor Wat and Kampot, went straight to Vietnam. In my opinion, the most interesting things in Cambodia are hidden in small, non-tourist villages in the north of the country. I didn’t get there that time.

In Vietnam I happened to visit twice. The country is pleasant, it left a fairly even impression. You can leisurely drive through it all in a couple of weeks. Probably the main thing that Vietnam gave me was several interesting people with whom I still communicate.

Countries of Southeast Asia. India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Singapore.

If we still decide to hook India, I can say that the country is very unusual and unlike anything else. I only had a chance to visit the north of the country and go down a little south, to Mumbai. Almost all the places visited, with the exception of Delhi, seemed very interesting. Mountains in the north, desert in the west, plains in the central part. It was interesting and memorable.

Malaysia turned out to be a country to which I remained absolutely indifferent. Neither good nor bad... nothing. True, I didn’t go anywhere further than Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, maybe that’s why there was nothing left in my memory.

Singapore, city-country for a couple of days. Very clean and tidy. For me, it's too calm. I wouldn't fly to Singapore a second time.

On Sri Lanka visited in 2018. A country that left positive emotions, but, as for me, also for the time being.


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The material contains data on the Asian subregion. Describes its specifics and growth rates in terms of the main factors of development and development of territories in their current form and condition. The article gives an idea of ​​what caused such rapid progress in individual countries of Southeast Asia.

Asia subregion

This is a kind of macro-region. It covers continental and island-type territories that are located between China, India and Australia.

Rice. 1. Southeast Asia on the map.

From a geological point of view, the region is considered a volcanic area of ​​the planet. However, this is offset by tropical climatic conditions and unique nature, which captivates with the number of exotic representatives of flora and fauna.

The region stretches for 3.2 thousand km in the direction from north to south and 5.6 thousand km in the direction from west to east. Almost a hundred nationalities live here, making up almost 8% of the total population of the Earth.

The island of Java is particularly densely populated and is recognized as the most populated area on the planet.

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Rice. 2. Island of Java.

Now, due to the similarity of geographical and natural conditions a typical economic, cultural and ideological complex for the region was formed.

Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos are also called the Indochinese powers, and island countries are designated by their common name Nusantara.

The states are in a commonwealth through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), which includes all except East Timor.

The backbone of the community is the region itself, which has high growth rates - 8-10% per year, with an average of 2-3% for countries with a developed industrial complex.

List of Southeast Asian countries

  • Vietnam;
  • Cambodia;
  • Laos;
  • Myanmar;
  • Thailand;
  • Brunei;
  • East Timor;
  • Philippines;
  • Malaysia;
  • Indonesia;
  • Singapore.

Currently, countries, like their capitals, are rapidly progressing. This is indicated by the high positions they occupy in modern world. New industrial powers are developing extremely quickly. Here, the main importance is attached to: the level of education of the population, as well as the development of the economy and the creation of new production capacities.

Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia occupy leading positions in the world in terms of the human development index.

Rice. 3. Night Singapore.

The main feature of such countries is the transparency of the economy, the formation of industries based on high technologies, high level service sector, tourism orientation, attractiveness for foreign investors, significant investments in their own economy.

Asia can probably be considered the most vibrant, diverse and contrasting part of the world, in which more than half of humanity lives. It contains dozens of countries and peoples with a huge variety of political systems and economic systems, different standards of living and dissimilar cultural characteristics. Many of them occupy leading positions among the most powerful economies in the world, while adjacent to frankly poor states.

Among these countries there are also many leaders in various rankings in terms of the area of ​​their territories, the number of population, its overall density and growth rate. There are many countries with the fastest growing economies here.

It is also surprising that among these countries there are many officially unrecognized states - Waziristan, the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, the Shan State, or partially recognized ones - Abkhazia, Azad Kashmir, the Republic of China (Taiwan Island).

Some powers in this part of the world are partially located on the European part of the continent, including Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Indonesia, Yemen, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Georgia, or are part of other states, for example, the countries of the Asian part of Russia. It is also surprising that Cyprus, which is entirely located in Asia, is a member of the European Union (EU) and Turkey is a member of the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO). These are the countries that make up Asia, amazing and incredible.

In general, Asia knows how to surprise and amaze the imagination with its scale and incredible features.

Historically, Asia is divided into five main parts: Northern (countries within Russia), Central, Eastern, Western (Anterior) and South Asia. In Russian geographical literature you can find such a term as “countries of the foreign part of Asia”; it means all of Asia, except for its northern part, that is, those countries that are part of Russia.

In the future, Asian countries will be indicated with a list of their capitals, grouped according to different criteria.

Asian countries with their capitals

West Side:

Central part:

  • Tajikistan (Dushanbe),
  • Kazakhstan (Ankara),
  • Afghanistan (Kabul),
  • Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek),
  • Turkmenistan (Ashgabat),
  • Uzbekistan (Tashkent),

South Asia (countries):

  • Nepal (Kathmandu),
  • Sri Lanka (Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte - official, Colombo - fact),
  • Bhutan (Thimphu),
  • Pakistan (Islamabad),
  • India (New Delhi),
  • Bangladesh (Dhaka),
  • Maldives (Male),

East End:

  • Japan Tokyo),
  • Democratic People's Republic of Korea - DPRK or North Korea (Pyongyang),
  • Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar),
  • Republic of Korea or South Korea(Seoul)
  • China - PRC (Beijing).

Countries of Southeast Asia (list):

Northern part:

  • Russia and all its constituent Asian republics (Moscow).

States unrecognized by the world community and not fully recognized

Unrecognized states in the region:

  • Waziristan (Wana),
  • Shan State (Taunggyi),
  • Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (Stepanakert),

Partially recognized states of the region:

  • State of Palestine (Ramallah),
  • Abkhazia (Sukhum),
  • Republic South Ossetia(Tskhinvali),
  • Azad Kashmir (Muzaffarabad),
  • Turkish Republic Northern Cyprus(Lefkosa),
  • Taiwan Island - Republic of China (Taipei).

Controlled territories:

  • British territory V Indian Ocean(Diego Garcia)
  • Akrotiri and Dekeria (Episkopi),
  • Christmas Island (Flying Fish Cove),
  • Macau - Macao (Macau - Macao),
  • Cocos Islands (West Island),
  • Hong Kong - Hong Kong (Hong Kong - Hong Kong).

Conclusion

Now the reader has an idea of ​​how diverse and different states there are in Asia, where their capitals are located and how many of them there actually are.

And if you suddenly decide to visit one of these states, then approach the choice of your further stay with special care, because Asia is not only beautiful and amazing, but also dangerous! Many customs and traditions of the peoples living there may contradict the ideas of the norm and morality of a European resident, and vice versa, an act that seems harmless to you and me, in the East can be regarded as immoral and even illegal. Therefore, be vigilant and attentive.

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