7 state in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. Which countries are located on the Balkan Peninsula

One of the striking features of this region is that it is incredibly contrasting. It is difficult for many residents of Russia, which occupies a vast territory, to understand how so many states managed to fit on one peninsula at once. And it is even more difficult to understand how they, so different, manage to get along with each other. After all, what countries just do not lie on the Balkan Peninsula: Christian and Muslim, with beach and ski resorts very different and at the same time very similar.

Albania

The republic is located in the western part. Among the countries that are on the Balkan Peninsula, this is one of the smallest in terms of population. Less than about 2.8 million people live here. The capital is Tirana. One of the less popular places among tourists, however, in recent years, the service here has rapidly begun to develop.

Bulgaria

The state, located in the eastern part of the peninsula, occupies 22% of its area, has a population of more than 7 million people. The capital is Sofia. For many years for the Russians in this country was open visa-free entry. Now, as for most other states, you can enter here from Russia with a Schengen visa. The country is popular as a beach resort.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

A tiny country in the western part of the peninsula with a population of approximately 3.5 million people. The capital is Sarajevo. Great option for sightseeing holiday in a temperate climate.

Greece

One of the most popular tourist destinations in this region. This country is also one of the most densely populated among the Balkans - more than 10 million people. The capital is Athens.

Italy

One of the fashion capitals of the world is also included in the list of countries located on the Balkan Peninsula. The population is more than 60 million people. The capital is Rome. Not only shopping lovers, but also fans of beach or ski holidays come here from all over the world.

Macedonia

The republic has a population of just over 2 million people. The capital is Skolie. This state has no access to the sea. But it boasts mighty mountains, beautiful lakes and ancient cities with amazing architecture.

Romania

According to the work of Bram Stoker and folklore, this country is the birthplace of Count Dracula. It's also a great option for budget travelers. European holiday. This state is quite crowded in comparison with its neighbors on the peninsula. The population is just under 20 million people. The capital is Bucharest.

Serbia

A small state with a population of just over 7 million people and the capital in the city of Belgrade. It is located in the central part of the peninsula. There is a truly rich program for a tourist with any requests - mountains, lakes, ancient architecture. Except there is no sea.

Slovenia

Another tiny country with a population of just over 2 million people and a capital with a touching name is Ljubljana. It is located in the pre-alpine part of the peninsula. Ski holidays here it is well developed and much cheaper than in other countries with access to the Alps.

Turkey

This is probably the most popular holiday destination for Russian tourists. The population of the country is about 80 million people. The main part of the territory of the state falls on the Anatolian Peninsula and the Armenian Highlands, and the Balkan Peninsula got a smaller one. However, this country can also be considered Balkan.

Croatia

The Balkan region is often called the "powder keg" of Europe. And not by chance. In the 20th century, wars and conflicts of various sizes broke out here every now and then. Yes and the first World War began here, after the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was killed in Sarajevo. In the early 1990s, the Balkan countries experienced another serious shock - the collapse of Yugoslavia. This event significantly changed political map European region.

Balkan region and its geography

On a relatively small area of ​​505 thousand square kilometers, all the Balkan countries are located. The geography of the peninsula is very diverse. His coastline strongly dissected and washed by the waters of six seas. The territory of the Balkans is predominantly mountainous and heavily indented by deep canyons. However, the highest point of the peninsula - Mount Musala - falls short even up to 3000 meters in height.

Two more natural features characteristic of this region: the presence of a huge number of small islands off the coastline (mainly in Croatia), as well as the widespread karst processes (it is in Slovenia that the famous Karst plateau is located, which served as a name donor for a separate group of landforms).

The name of the peninsula comes from the Turkish word balkan, which means "large and wooded mountain range". The northern border of the Balkans is usually drawn along the line and the Sava.

Balkan countries: list

Today, there are ten state entities in the Balkans (of which 9 are sovereign states and one is partially recognized). Below is a list of them, including the capitals of the Balkan countries:

  1. Slovenia (capital - Ljubljana).
  2. Greece (Athens).
  3. Romania (Bucharest).
  4. Macedonia (Skopje).
  5. Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo).
  6. Serbia (Belgrade).
  7. Montenegro (Podgorica).
  8. Croatia (Zagreb).
  9. Republic of Kosovo (partially recognized state with its capital in Pristina).

It should be noted that in some regional classifications, Moldova is also included in the Balkan countries.

In the second half of the 19th century, all the Balkan peoples were under the yoke of Turkey, as well as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which could not contribute to their national and cultural development. In the 60-70s of the century before last, national liberation aspirations intensified in the Balkans. Balkan countries, one after another, are trying to embark on the path of independent development.

The first of these was Bulgaria. In 1876, an uprising began here, which, however, was brutally suppressed by the Turks. Outraged by such bloody actions, as a result of which about 30 thousand Orthodox Bulgarians died, Russia declared war on the Turks. Ultimately, Turkey was forced to recognize the independence of Bulgaria.

In 1912, following the example of the Bulgarians, Albania also achieved independence. At the same time, Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece create the so-called "Balkan Union" in order to finally free themselves from Turkish oppression. Soon the Turks were ousted from the peninsula. Only a small piece of land with the city of Constantinople remained under their rule.

However, after defeating their common enemy, the Balkan countries begin to fight among themselves. So, Bulgaria, with the support of Austria-Hungary, attacks Serbia and Greece. The latter, in turn, provided military support from Romania.

The Balkans finally turned into a big "powder keg" on June 28, 1914, when Prince Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was killed in Sarajevo by Princip. Thus began the First World War, which involved almost all of Europe, as well as some countries in Asia, Africa and even Central America.

Breakup of Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia was created back in 1918, immediately after the liquidation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The process of its collapse, which began in 1991, significantly redrawn the political map of Europe that existed at that time.

Slovenia was the first to leave Yugoslavia as a result of the so-called 10-day war. It was followed by Croatia, but the military conflict between Croats and Serbs lasted 4.5 years and claimed at least 20 thousand lives. At the same time, it continued and resulted in the recognition of the new state entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

One of the last stages of the collapse of Yugoslavia was the referendum on the independence of Montenegro, which was held in 2006. According to its results, 55.5% of Montenegrins voted for secession from Serbia.

Shaky independence of Kosovo

February 17, 2008 unilaterally declared its independence. The reaction of the international community to this event was extremely mixed. To date, Kosovo, as an independent state, is recognized by only 108 countries (out of 193 UN members). Among them are the USA and Canada, Japan, Australia, most and also some states of Africa and Latin America.

However, the independence of the republic has not yet been recognized by Russia and China (which are part of it, which does not allow Kosovo to become a full member of the main international organization of the planet.

Finally...

Modern Balkan countries began their path to independence at the end of the 19th century. However, the process of forming borders in the Balkans has not yet been completed.

To date, ten countries stand out within the Balkan region. These are Slovenia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, and also the partially recognized state of Kosovo.

Peninsula in Southern Europe. The area is about 505 thousand km2. The greatest length from west to east is about 1260 km, from north to south 950 km. Washed with Z. Adriatic and Ionian seas, with V. Black, Marble, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, the Aegean ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Balkan Peninsula- Balkan Peninsula. Rhodes island. View of the ancient acropolis. BALKAN PENINSULA, in the south of Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Yugoslavia, most of Greece, part of Romania, Slovenia, Turkey, Croatia). Area 505 thousand ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

In Yuzh. Europe. The name is from the oronym used in the past Balkan mountains or the Balkans (from the Turks, balkan a chain of steep mountains); Now the mountains are called Stara Planina, but the name of the peninsula has been preserved. place names of the world: Toponymic Dictionary. ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia

In the south of Europe. 505 thousand km². It juts out into the sea for 950 km. It is washed by the Mediterranean, Adriatic, Ionian, Marmara, Aegean and Black Seas. The northern border runs from the Trieste Hall. to the river Sava and further along the Danube to the mouth. The coast is strong ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

In the south of Europe. 505 thousand km2. Protrudes into the sea for 950 km. It is washed by the Mediterranean, Adriatic, Ionian, Marmara, Aegean and Black Seas. The northern border runs from the Gulf of Trieste to the river. Sava and further along the Danube to the mouth. The coast is strong ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

The southeastern tip of Europe, on which the European possessions of Turkey, the principality of Bulgaria, the kingdoms of Serbia and Greece, and the regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina occupied by Austria according to the Berlin Treaty are located. See these articles. MAP OF THE BALKANS ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Balkan Peninsula- Balkan semi-island ... Russian spelling dictionary

Balkan Peninsula- in Yuzh. Europe. The name is from the oronym used in the past Balkan mountains or the Balkans (from the Turks, balkan a chain of steep mountains); Now the mountains are called Stara Planina, but the name of the peninsula has been preserved ... Toponymic Dictionary

Balkan theater of operations World War I ... Wikipedia

Books

  • Slavic sword
  • Slavic sword, F. Finzhgar. The novel by the Slovenian writer Franz Saleshka Finzhgar refers to that critical moment in the history of the Slavic tribes, when they crossed the Danube and poured into the Balkan Peninsula to ...

Monastery of the Holy Trinity in Meteora (Greece)

In the southeast of Europe, on the vast Balkan Peninsula, there are many countries: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Macedonia, Montenegro And Serbia fit there entirely, Croatia by half, and Slovenia by a third. On the same peninsula are small parts of the territories of such countries as Romania (9%) and Turkey (5%).

The mountains of the Balkan Peninsula are no different great height. In the west, there is the vast Dinaric Highlands and the mountains of Pindus, in the south passing into the mountains of the Peloponnese peninsula. In the north, in the Rila massif, there is highest point The Balkan Peninsula - Mount Musala (2925 m), Stara Planina, or the Balkans, and the Rhodopes stretch there. There are few plains; they lie along the outskirts of the peninsula and in intermountain basins.

Once this mountainous peninsula was almost entirely covered with forests. But people cut them down to make room for fields, orchards and vineyards. And livestock, especially goats, destroyed the young growth of tree species. Now there are few forests left on the peninsula.

In ancient times, Greeks, Macedonians, Illyrians, Thracians and other ancient peoples lived on this territory. Slavs appeared here only in the VI century. By the end of the XVI century. almost the entire Balkan Peninsula became part of the Ottoman Empire. Therefore, some of the South Slavic peoples and Albanians converted to Islam. But most of the southern Slavs remained Christians, however, the Slovenes and Croats who lived on the territory Austro-Hungarian Empire, predominantly Catholics, while Serbs, Montenegrins, most Macedonians, Bulgarians, as well as Greeks and Romanians are Orthodox.

The medieval museum city of Dubrovnik in Croatia is included in the list of objects world heritage UNESCO

The struggle of the Balkan peoples for independence from the Turokosmans was dramatic. Suffice it to say that such people as the great English poet Lord Byron (who died during the Greek War of Independence) took part in it. After the end of this war and the collapse of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires, part of the territories inhabited by the Slavs united into Yugoslavia. But at the end of the twentieth century. after bloody conflicts, it broke up into six republics.

In the north-west of the Balkan Peninsula, in Slovenia, there is the Karst (Dinaric Kras) plateau, after which amazing phenomena around the world are named: the formation of caves and underground rivers, stalactites and stalagmites in rocks.

Miscellaneous

Which countries are included in the Balkans, the countries of the Balkan Peninsula

Countries that are among some of the Balkans: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovenia and Serbia

phrase on Western Balkans ah is primarily a political category, and indicates in almost all countries of Southeast Europe that are not members of the European Union of the Western Balkans there will be for the former Yugoslavia without Slovenia, but with Albania
sometimes..

this term includes Croatia, and sometimes does not, then there is no clear definition of this term.
public opinion in Croatia does not suit this approach of the European Union, because they are usually not considered as part of Croatia, in the Balkans, and fear that the EU is in the process of convergence and entry. Membership in each country will be considered individually, based on the progress in each country , i.e. Croatia will "wait" in any other country. appears and the fear that comes rounding from Croatian to the new Yugoslavia
Geomorphological.

Which countries are located on the Balkan Peninsula

", Western Balkans means the western part of the Balkan Mountains on the border between Bulgaria and Serbia, however, it has never been a fixed geographical term. Countries that are among some of the Balkans.. :
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovenia and Serbia

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Balkan countries

Balkan countries(Balkan countries), a state located on the Balkan Peninsula in the southwest.

Europe: Albania, mainland Greece, Bulgaria, Europe. part of Turkey, most of the former. Yugoslavia and the southeast. Romania. Despite the 500th anniversary of the Ottoman yoke, the people in these countries will have their own language and religion, although from time to time they persecuted the Turks.

In the 19th century. In Turkey, the influence of the region was weakened, and Russia and Austria entered into conflict in the Balkans. In 1912

Balkan Peninsula

for the opposite circle. The committee established a Balkan alliance which led to the Balkan wars. The victory of Serbia in these wars and the struggle of Austria against Pan-Slavism contributed to the outbreak of the First World War. In accordance with the Treaty of Versailles, they tried to create a democrat in the region. Governing body. However, they were not crowned with success, and during the World War, authoritarian regimes were created in most countries.

The Balkan Entente (Balkan Entente) (1934) provided for the unification of Bg. and securing their borders. After 1945 B.G. they are distinguished by their adherence to the Council or Zap. politics. In 1954, a second Balkan treaty was concluded between Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey, which provided for the army.

cooperation in case of aggression. But soon this alliance was interrupted by the Cyprus problem. In the nineties. The head of Yugoslavia became a source of tension in the Balkans. In 1991 Macedonia, Croatia and Slovenia declared their independence.

Croatia had to defend its statehood in the war with Serbia, in which both sides demonstrated a century. cruelty. The three-year armed conflict in Bosnia ended with the participation of the UN through the signing of the so-called Dayton Accords and the creation of independent state Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbia and Montenegro remained part of Yugoslavia. In 1999, he mediated the ethnic conflict in Kosovo, which is an integral part of Serbia. Indeed, Serbia has effectively lost control of Kosovo.

Since 1996, economic measures have been taken, UN sanctions against Yugoslavia.

and to this day)

Balkans or Balkan Peninsula— It is a peninsula located in the southeastern part of Europe in the Eastern Mediterranean.

The Balkan Peninsula is surrounded by the Adriatic, Black and Mediterranean Seas.

Most of the peninsula is hills and mountains, but they are fertile plains.

Winters in the north are sometimes very cold, while summers can be very hot and dry.

The Balkan Peninsula narrows to the south and breaks into shrouded caps and island chains.

Balkan countries

Here is Greece, land of dark rocks, blue sea, whitewashed houses, ancient ruins and medieval churches. Cities like Athens are full of reminders of ancient greek civilization which greatly influenced the development of the whole world. Every year tourists come from all over the world. Farmers in the Balkans grow corn, sunflowers, melons, grapes, fruits, olives and tobacco. Greece has been a member of the European Union since 1981.

Living nationality of the Balkan Peninsula: Slavs (Slovaks, Slovenes, Croats, Serbs), Gypsies, Hungarians (Hungarians), Romanians, Bulgarians, Turks, Albanians and Greeks.

Balkan countries

On the Balkan Peninsula, the states are partially or completely located:

  • Albania
  • Bulgaria
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Greece
  • Italy
  • Kosovo
  • Macedonia
  • Romania
  • Serbia
  • Slovenia
  • Turkey
  • Croatia
  • Montenegro

Conflicts in Yugoslavia

In 1990-1991, the former Yugoslavia invaded five countries - Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia and Macedonia. New borders emerged in 1990 in a bloody war, and Albania and Romania also suffered political unrest.

Where is it and how to get there

the address: Europe, Balkan Peninsula

Balkan Peninsula or Balkans on the map

GPS coordinates: 41.859106, 21.083043

The Balkan Peninsula is located in the southeastern part of Europe.

Countries of the Balkan Peninsula

From the southwest, south and east, it is found in the Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Marmara, Aegean Sea and Black Sea.

The northern borders of the peninsula are considered a nominal line to the Danube, Sava and Kolpa rivers, and the latter - from the source to the Kvarner Bay (see Fig.

Map of the Balkan Peninsula

There are 12 countries in whole or in part on the territory of the Balkan Peninsula:

  • Albania 100%
  • Bulgaria 100%
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina 100%
  • Greece 100%
  • Kosovo 100%
  • Macedonia 100%
  • Montenegro 100%
  • Serbia 73%
  • Croatia 49%
  • Slovenia 27%
  • Romania 9%
  • Turkey 5%

All countries, with the exception of the Republic of Kosovo, are members of the United Nations.

The Republic of Kosovo has the status (in the UN) of partially recognized countries.

My friend:

Pattern: Peninsula

Balkan Peninsula(Slovene.Balkanski polotok, Croatian.Balkanski poluotok, Bosn.Balkansko poluostrvo, Template:Lang2, rum.Peninsula Balcanică, Template:Lang2, Alb.Gadishulli Ballkanik, Greek.Βαλκανική χερσόνησος, Tur.Balkanı.madası . Paeninsula Balcanica) is located in southeastern Europe. The area is about 505 thousand km².

Where is the Balkan Peninsula located? What countries are called the Balkans?

It is washed by the Mediterranean, Adriatic, Ionian, Marmara, Cretan, Aegean and Black Seas from the southwest, south and southeast. The coasts of the peninsula are strongly dissected. The relief is predominantly mountainous (Stara Planina, Rhodopes, Dinaric Highlands, Pindus).

The northern border of the peninsula is considered to be a conditional line drawn along the Danube, Sava and Kupa rivers, and from the source of the latter to the Kvarner Bay.

On the Balkan Peninsula, partially or completely located.

The Balkan Peninsula, or Balkans, is located in the southeastern part of Europe. It is washed by seven seas, the coastline is strongly dissected. The northern border of the peninsula is considered to be the line from the Danube, Kupa, Sava rivers to the Kvarner Bay. There are countries that are partially located on the peninsula. And there are those who are completely on its territory. But they are all somewhat similar, although each has its own zest.

Countries of the Balkan Peninsula

  • Albania - located in the west, completely located on the peninsula.
  • Bulgaria - located in the east, completely located on the peninsula.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina - located in the center, completely located on the peninsula.
  • Greece - located on a peninsula and nearby islands;
  • Macedonia - located in the center, completely located on the peninsula.
  • Montenegro - located in the west, completely located on the peninsula.
  • Serbia - located in the center, partly located on the peninsula, partly in the Pannonian lowland.
  • Croatia - located in the west, partly located on the peninsula.
  • Slovenia - located in the north, completely located on the peninsula.
  • Romania - located in the east, completely located on the peninsula.
  • Turkey - partly located on a peninsula.
  • Italy - occupies only a small - northern - part of the peninsula.

Geography of the area

As mentioned above, the coastline is very indented, there are bays. There are many small islands near the peninsula, Greece occupies a large part of them. The shores of the Aegean and Adriatic Seas are the most dissected. For the most part, mountainous terrain prevails here.

A bit of history

The Balkan Peninsula was the first region in Europe where agriculture appeared. In ancient times, Macedonians, Greeks, Thracians, and others lived on its territory. The Roman Empire managed to conquer most of the lands and bring their customs and traditions to them, but some of the nationalities did not abandon Greek culture. In the sixth century, the first Slavic peoples came here.

During the Middle Ages, the Balkan Peninsula was often attacked by different states, since it was an important region and a transport artery. By the end of the Middle Ages, most of the territories were under the rule of the Ottoman Empire.

The conquest of the Balkan Peninsula by the Ottoman Turks

Starting from 1320, the Turks began to regularly try to conquer certain territories, in 1357 they managed to completely subjugate the Gallipoli Island - it was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. The Turkish conquest of the Balkan Peninsula lasted for many decades. In 1365 Thrace was captured, in 1396 the Ottoman Empire managed to conquer the entire Vidin kingdom and lands up to the Balkan Mountains. In 1371, the Turks switched to Serbian lands, in 1389, after a long confrontation, the Serbs had to surrender.

Gradually, the border of the Ottoman Empire moved towards Hungary. The Hungarian king Sigismund decided that he would not surrender and invited other European monarchs to gather to fight against the invaders. The Pope, the French troops and many more agreed with this proposal. the mighty of the world this. It was decided to declare a crusade against the Turkish invaders, but this did not bring much success, the Turks absolutely defeated all the crusaders.

The power of the Turks weakened. It seemed that the Balkan Peninsula was returning to normal life. The power of Tamerlane frightened the Ottoman Empire. The Serbian prince decided to regain control over the occupied territories, and he succeeded. Belgrade became the capital of Serbia, but in the middle of the fifteenth century the Ottoman Empire decided to regain its position. Already at the beginning of the twentieth century. the countries of the Balkan Peninsula decided to completely get rid of the influence of the Turks. In 1912, the war for independence began, which ended successfully for the Balkans, but soon the First World War began. In the 90s of the last century, Yugoslavia broke up into a number of states that exist to this day (one of them - Kosovo - is partially recognized).


Coloring beckons

All states of the Balkan Peninsula are diverse. They have come a long way of development. They were conquered, many battles took place here, they suffered from invasions. For many centuries these countries were not free, but now, being here, it is impossible not to notice the spirit of freedom. Beautiful landscapes, miraculously preserved sights and excellent climate - all this attracts many tourists to these places, where everyone manages to find something special: someone goes to the beach, and someone to the mountains, but everyone remains fascinated by these countries.

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