Meaning of the word forepeak. Forepeak on a ship is forepeak on a ship

25.10.2021

Ship premises are located in the main hull, superstructures and deckhouses.

main building

The main hull includes all spaces formed by the outer plating, the upper continuous deck, as well as decks, platforms, main transverse and longitudinal bulkheads and partitions located inside. There are rooms formed by the main hull structures - compartments and other ship spaces formed by enclosures and decks in superstructures, deckhouses, and also in the main hull.

The most important compartments of the hull include: the forepeak slope - the outermost bow compartment; tilt-terpeak - the outermost aft compartment; slope between bottoms - the space between the outer skin and the second bottom; tilted hold - the space between the second bottom and the nearest deck; tilted winddecks - spaces between adjacent decks of the main hull; tilted diptanks - deep tanks located above the second bottom; inclined cofferdams - narrow oil- and gas-tight dry compartments located between compartments or tanks for oil products and adjacent rooms; tilt compartments of main and auxiliary mechanisms; propeller shaft tilt tunnel - on ships with an engine room in the middle part of the ship, and the like. The presence of the above compartments on specific vessels is determined by the purpose and design of the vessel.

location of ship premises on a dry cargo ship:

1 - forepeak; 2 - chain box; 3 - deep tank; 4 - cargo hold; 5 - cargo twin-deck; 6 - double bottom space (double bottom); 7 - rubber dam; 8 - deep tank; 9 - engine room; 10 - propeller shaft corridor; 11 - after peak; 12 - poop (stern superstructure); 13 - middle superstructure; 14 - tank (bow superstructure); 15 - felling;

add-ons

The superstructures are located on the upper continuous deck of the main hull. They extend across the width of the vessel: either from side to side, or so that their sides are spaced from the sides by no more than 0.04 of the width of the vessel.

Superstructures serve not only to accommodate ship premises, but also to improve the seaworthiness of the vessel.

Bow superstructure - tilt tank reduces deck flooding;
Stern superstructure - the poop, increasing the freeboard in the stern, increases the reserve of buoyancy and unsinkability of the vessel in case of damage to the aft end and the trim of the vessel to the stern;
Middle superstructure increases buoyancy reserve.
Fellings differ from superstructures by being smaller in width. They are installed on the upper deck of the main hull or on superstructures (on warships, the deckhouses located on the upper deck are called superstructures).

ship premises

Depending on the purpose, all ship premises are divided into special, service, residential, public, consumer services, catering, sanitary and hygienic, medical purposes, workshops, ship supplies and fuel, water, oil and water ballast compartments.

Special rooms depending on the purpose of the vessel they serve: to accommodate cargo (cargo holds) - on cargo and cargo passenger ships; for special technological equipment for fish processing - on fishing vessels; for laboratories - on research vessels. Special ones also include hangars for placing helicopters on board ships and rooms for their maintenance.

Office premises are designed to ensure normal operation of the vessel as a floating structure. These include:
- premises of main and auxiliary mechanisms;
- premises for placing deck mechanisms and mechanisms of ship systems - tiller compartment, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing stations, remote cargo level measurement station, fuel receiving and dispensing stations, fan stations, air conditioning rooms, etc.;
- wheelhouses, navigation rooms and posts - steering room, navigation room, radio room, log and echo sounder room, gyrocompass room, fire stations, emergency stations, automatic telephone exchange, broadcast room, battery room, aggregate room, etc.;
- workshops - mechanical, plumbing, electrical, welding station, repair shop for watercraft, instrumentation, etc.;
- administrative premises - ship, engine room, cargo office, administrator's office, ship archive, dispatch room, etc.

Living spaces (cabins) are intended for permanent residence of the ship's crew and for accommodating passengers.

Crew quarters They are divided into command cabins and crew cabins, differing in location, area and equipment. Crew quarters designed to accommodate more than four people are usually called a forecastle.

Passenger cabins Depending on their location, area, number of seats and equipment, they are divided into luxury cabins, cabins of I, II and III classes. On most modern airliners cabins of II and III classes, as a rule, are replaced by one, the so-called tourist class. On passenger ships of local lines, premises for seating are provided.

Public premises serve for organizing and conducting various cultural events, collective recreation and meals for crew and passengers. This category includes public premises for the ship's crew and separate public premises for passengers, as well as areas on open decks and passage rooms.

TO crew public areas include a wardroom, officers' and crew's salons, command and crew canteens, command and crew canteens, smoking rooms, a gym, a swimming pool, a room for sports activities, a library, and cabins of public organizations. Large sea vessels have cinema halls.

TO public areas of passengers include restaurants, canteens, buffets, bars, cafes, salons (music, smoking, games, recreation), concert hall, gym, swimming pools, library with reading room, children's rooms. Outdoor deck areas include verandas, promenade decks, solariums, outdoor swimming pools (for adults and children), sports fields, dance floors and so on. Passage spaces include corridors, vestibules, lobbies, foyers, and closed promenade decks.

Household service premises equipped on passenger, expedition ships and large fishing vessels. These include: consumer service studios, hairdressers, beauty salons, photo studios, ship shops, kiosks, storage lockers and others. tilt The catering area is used for preparing and serving food to the crew and passengers, as well as for washing and storing tableware. There are galley rooms (galley for passengers, galley for crew, bakery, storage rooms for consumables for the galley and bakery) and preparatory rooms (cutting meat, fish, vegetables, bread slicer, pantry, dishwasher, pantry for dishes and table linen). tilt Sanitary and hygienic premises are divided into sanitary and household (laundries, drying, ironing, storage rooms for clean and dirty linen, disinfection chamber, work dress rooms) and sanitary and hygienic (men's and women's washrooms, showers, baths, baths, sanitary inspection rooms and toilets).

Medical premises include an outpatient clinic, doctor's surgery, operating room, X-ray, dental and other rooms (on ships with big amount passengers), infirmary, isolation ward, pharmacy, medical and sanitary storerooms. Typically, a complex of medical care facilities on ships is called a medical unit.

Ship stores and supplies premises serve for storing provisions, skipper, navigation and other ship supplies. These include:
- provision pantries, uncooled (for dry provisions, bread, flour) and refrigerated (for wet provisions, meat, fish, vegetables, dairy products, fats, canned food), as well as refrigerated chambers; - utility pantries - for storing carpets, walkways, covers, sports equipment, cleaning equipment;
- skipper's storerooms - skipper's, painting, lamp, carpentry, rigging, awnings and tarpaulins, sailing;
- navigational and navigational storerooms - navigational equipment, maps and other things;
- linen and clothing storage rooms.

Compartments and tanks are used to accommodate liquid cargo - oil, water, oil and water ballast. In addition to the compartments formed by the structures of the main hull and intended to accommodate the bulk of liquid cargo, ships also have tanks in which large, consumable reserves of fuel, water and oil are placed (the so-called loose tanks).

GENERAL LOCATION OF THE VESSEL

The general arrangement of the ship is understood as the general layout in the hull, superstructures and deckhouses of all rooms intended to accommodate main and auxiliary machinery on the ship, ship equipment, ship stores, transported cargo, crew and passengers, as well as all service posts, household, utility and sanitary premises. Their relative arrangement, layout and equipment depend mainly on the type and purpose of the vessel, the size of the vessel, as well as the requirements placed on it.

On vessels of the same type and similar in size, their general arrangement may be different, depending on customer requirements. However, in Lately In the world shipbuilding, typification of ship premises is carried out, and first of all, residential and office premises.

location of ship premises

To orient the location of a particular room on a ship, the following names of decks and inter-deck spaces are adopted (Diagram 2).

names of decks and inter-deck spaces

1 - second bottom; 2 - second platform; 3 - first platform; 4 - third (lower) deck; 5 - second deck; 6 - upper deck; 7 - deck of the superstructure of the first tier (deck of the forecastle, poop deck, etc.); 8 - wheelhouse deck of the second tier (promenade deck); 9 - deckhouse deck of the third tier (boat deck); 10 - deckhouse deck of the IV tier (lower, navigation bridge); 11 - wheelhouse deck of the V tier (upper, navigation bridge).

In the building (from top to bottom): upper deck, second deck, third deck (on multi-deck ships the last deck is called lower deck), second bottom.

In superstructures and deckhouses (from bottom to top): deck of the first tier of the superstructure (forecastle, poop, middle superstructure), deck of the second tier of the deckhouse, deck of the third tier of the deckhouse, and so on. Sometimes these terms are supplemented with names that characterize the purpose of the decks: pleasure deck, saloon deck, boat deck, sports deck, lower (navigation) bridge, upper (navigation) bridge.

The space between the outer lining of the bottom and the second bottom is called the inclination-inter-bottom space or double-bottom inclination. The space between the second bottom and the nearest deck is called the tilt-hold, the remaining spaces between decks are called the tilt-tween decks.

The position of the room along the length and width of the vessel is indicated, respectively, by the numbers of the frames that limit the room along the length, and by the name of the side on which the room is located (starboard and left sides - PrB and LB).

Diagrams 3 and 4 show the location of the main groups of premises on a dry cargo ship and passenger ship. The general layout of a dry cargo vessel is described in the publication “Operational and Seaworthiness of the Vessel”.

layout of compartments and main premises of a dry cargo ship:

I - peaks; II - cargo compartments; III - double-bottom compartments; IV - deep tanks; V - compartments of main and auxiliary mechanisms;

layout of compartments and main premises of a passenger ship:

1 - deckhouse deck of the IV tier (upper bridge); 2 - deckhouse deck of the third tier (lower bridge); 3 - deckhouse deck of the second tier (boat deck); 4 - platform II; 5 - deck of the superstructure of the first tier (deck of the forecastle, poop deck); 6 - upper deck; 7 - platform I; 8 - second bottom; 9 - deck of the second tier of the superstructure (promenade deck); 10 - second deck (bulkhead deck); 11 - third deck;

special rooms

Special rooms - cargo holds, rooms for processing and storing catch, etc. - occupy the bulk of the hull volume on cargo, cargo-passenger and fishing vessels. The layout of these premises is determined by the requirements for cargo operations, storage and placement of cargo, reception, processing and storage of catch, etc.
The location of special premises that determine the operational and economic performance of the vessel is subordinated to the location of all other ship premises.

office premises

Service rooms are located throughout the ship, for the most part in the hold, at the ends of the ship, in the deckhouses on the upper deck, in the forecastle and poop rooms, sometimes where it is prohibited to equip living quarters, for example, above the forepeak and afterpeak and below the waterline. Part of the navigation rooms - the helmsman's room, the navigation room, and the radio room - are located on the bridge; the log and echo sounder room is on the second day.

Workshops They are usually located in the area of machine and boiler rooms.

Living spaces

Crew living quarters cargo ships are located, as a rule, in the superstructure or under the upper deck of the main hull, but not below the waterline, mainly closer to the middle part of the ship, where pitching and vibration from operating propellers are least felt. The exception is cargo ships with a purely aft engine room: here all the living quarters of the ship's crew are located in the aft superstructure. On passenger ships, crew cabins are located in the bow, aft and below the passenger cabins, and crew cabins are located on one of the upper tiers of the superstructure, usually in the area of the wheelhouse (the tier below).

The captain's cabin is usually located on the starboard side on a tier below the pilothouse. All navigators' cabins are located here or below the tier; the cabins of the chief engineer, mechanics and engine crew are located as close as possible to the engine room; The deck crew's cabins are located on the starboard side, and the engine cabins on the port side.

passenger accommodation

Passenger living quarters on passenger ships are located, if possible, in the middle part, mainly in superstructures and in the upper tween decks of the main hull. Placing passenger cabins below the bulkhead deck is not recommended, and below the waterline is prohibited. Passenger cabins usually have natural light, but on large ships carrying a large number of passengers, there are cabins without natural light.

public areas

Used for public spaces best areas superstructures and decks with good review. Some public spaces - restaurants, theaters, indoor swimming pool, gym and the like - are installed in rooms that do not have natural light.

consumer service premises

Public service premises are located in the area of public premises, but they, as a rule, do not have natural light. The food service premises should be located close to the facilities they serve. Thus, a galley or bakery is placed near the crew mess, wardroom or restaurant, usually on the same deck, or under them, with a special elevator equipped for serving food from the galley to the pantry. In turn, provision pantries are located next to or one or two tiers below the galley. When locating provision storerooms, the convenience of loading provisions onto the ship using ship facilities must be taken into account.

sanitary facilities

Sanitary and hygienic premises are located in close proximity to residential premises or in the same block with them. The bath and laundry unit is located in the aft part of the hull below the upper deck, in an area not used for permanent human habitation.

medical block

The medical unit is located in the superstructure, usually in the middle part of the ship, away from the main main corridors and places where crew and passengers gather.

ship stores and supplies premises

The ship's stores and supplies are located in the area of residential and public premises (storerooms for cleaning equipment, carpets, walkways, covers, sports equipment), as well as in the area of open decks (storerooms for emergency equipment, diving equipment). Supplies of fuel, boiler feed water, oil, as well as water ballast are placed in double bottom compartments and in deep tanks, which are equipped in the area of the engine and boiler room and in the forepeak area. The forepeak and afterpeak are usually used as ballast tanks. Consumable fuel tanks are located in the area of the engine and boiler room. Freshwater reserves drinking water stored in storage tanks.

When planning and equipping ship premises, the requirements for these premises depending on their purpose are taken into account.

Residential and public premises of the crew and passengers must be comfortable for the people on board the ship. These requirements are regulated by the Lloyd's Register Rules and are also established by the agencies operating the vessels. They determine the minimum area, cubic capacity and height of residential and public premises, as well as the range of equipment necessary to create normal living conditions. The width of passages, slope and width of ladders, fire-fighting structural measures and other safety requirements are also regulated.

The command personnel are accommodated in single cabins (diagram 5), and the cabins of the senior command personnel - the captain, the chief mate and the chief engineer - consist of an office, a bedroom and a bathroom with a lavatory. On big ships The captain's block also has a saloon.

layout of crew living quarters on a transport ship:

a - crew cabin; b - captain's block; c - crew cabin;

The crew is accommodated in single cabins and double cabins, which have everything necessary for a comfortable stay for people. Each cabin, in addition to soft single or bunk beds, has a sofa, chairs (armchair), wardrobes, a desk, a washbasin with hot and cold water(on modern supertankers - shower with toilet), air conditioning, comfortable lighting. All cabins must have natural light through the porthole.

Ship equipment is distinguished by its marine design, which, first of all, ensures the normal functioning of the equipment in rolling conditions. For this purpose, all ship furniture, which can be moved under normal conditions, has storm fastenings that securely fasten it to the deck during a storm. Ship berths must have a small lip to prevent them from falling off the berth when rocking. Low edges are also installed on the tables around the perimeter. On shelves, especially on shelves for dishes, fastening sockets should be made for each item. All other equipment - players, TVs, telephones, table lamps, etc. - are also equipped with a storm mount. For safe passage along the corridors, storm handrails are installed along the bulkheads. They provide reliable fastening of cabin doors, both in closed and open positions.

The crew's public areas, located near the cabins, are equipped in such a way as to provide the crew with good conditions for rest, eating and entertainment.

Even more comfortable living and public accommodations for passengers on passenger ships. Ocean cruise ships, which have recently been increasingly used for long-term trips sea travel, are equipped like the best modern hotels. Passengers are accommodated in single and double cabins with all amenities. For passengers, there are relaxation lounges, music and dance salons, smoking rooms, restaurants, cafes, bars, games rooms, a swimming pool, saunas, a gym, children's rooms, a library, a theater, etc. Marble, wood and new synthetic materials are widely used for finishing and equipping residential and public premises.

Particular attention is paid to the placement of open verandas, solariums, swimming pools, sports grounds, which occupy a significant area on the upper deck and decks of the superstructure in the aft part, protected from the wind.

recreational and sports decks and outdoor swimming pools cruise ship"Carnival Spirit"

On passenger ships, passenger accommodation and public areas are separated from those of the crew. Therefore, special attention is paid to communications, that is, the ways of movement of passengers and crew around the ship. Both should have access to “their” public premises, isolated from each other, and the crew, in addition, to their workplaces. For this purpose, special main corridors and stairways are equipped - separately for passengers and crew.

When planning a medical unit, special attention is paid to the convenience of transporting patients to and from the infirmary. The isolation room must have an entrance from the open deck through the vestibule. The bed in the isolation ward must be approached from three sides.

Special cargo spaces on cargo ships - cargo holds, occupying about 60 percent of the cubic capacity of the main hull, are equipped in accordance with their purpose. The length of cargo holds is taken to be as long as possible (within the limits of the requirements for ensuring unsinkability when one compartment is flooded). The inside of the cargo hold of a dry cargo ship is lined with wood:

Along the flooring of the second bottom from side to side - continuous flooring - overlay - made of boards about 50 mm thick, laid on bars (joists) running in the transverse direction, about 40 mm thick;
along the sides - with removable wooden beams with a cross-section of 50X200 mm - overlays - installed along the hold on top of the side frame at a distance of 200-300 mm from one another.

Rybinsy not only isolate the cargo from contact with the wet side, but also protect the cargo and the side from accidental damage. Cargo tween decks are also equipped in a similar way to holds.

On ships carrying cargo unloaded by grab, the wooden flooring in the holds is replaced by strengthening the second bottom flooring by at least 4 mm.

On ships transporting grain, temporary removable longitudinal bulkheads with a height equal to one third of the hold's height are installed in the cargo holds in their upper part. These bulkheads, called shifting boards, prevent grain from spilling onto one side when the ship is rocking, which could cause the ship to capsize. Shiftingboards are made from metal racks and embedded boards, or are provided as standard ones, and are made in the form of folding panels.

The internal surfaces of refrigerator holds are covered with heat-insulating material and sewn with light alloy sheets. Such holds are equipped with good ventilation and devices for stowing and securing cargo: cages on fishing refrigerators, shelves on fruit carriers, hooks under the ceiling for transporting meat, and the like.

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Meaning of forepeak

forepeak in the crossword dictionary

New explanatory and word-formative dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

forepeak

m. The first bow compartment on the ship.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

forepeak

FORPEAKE (English forepeak, Dutch voorpiek) the outermost bow compartment of the ship, where the ballast water tank is usually located.

Forepeak

(English forepeak, Dutch voorpiek), the outermost bow compartment of the ship. Because bow the vessel is most susceptible to damage, classification societies regulate the shortest length F. sea vessels. The F. is separated from the rest of the premises by a forepeak (ram) bulkhead. Usually water ballast is placed in the vessel, which increases the depth of the bow, which reduces wave impacts at the bottom of the ship.

Wikipedia

Forepeak

Forepeak- a room in the bow of the ship between the stem and the first bulkhead, the outermost bow compartment of the ship. Typically used to accommodate cargo or water ballast. The forepeak should not be confused with the forecastle.

Examples of the use of the word forepeak in literature.

Forepeak- bow and afterpeak - aft compartments of the vessel with watertight bulkheads.

The katerniki filled the lockers in the cockpits with food, forepeaks and afterpeaks, free passages.

The wooden bulkhead that separated forepeak from the bow hold, and the fire received new food - a load of boxes with textiles.

Forepeak (English forepeak, Dutch voorpiek)

the outermost bow compartment of the ship. Since the bow of a ship is most susceptible to damage, classification societies (See Classification Society) regulate the shortest length of the sails of seagoing vessels. The F. is separated from the rest of the premises by a forepeak (collision) bulkhead. Usually water ballast is placed in the F. , when taken, the depth of the bow increases, which reduces wave impacts at the bottom of the vessel.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

Synonyms:

See what “Forepik” is in other dictionaries:

Forepeak… Spelling dictionary-reference book

- (Fore peak) the bow compartment on civil ships, located directly at the stem. Serves as a ballast tank for trimming the vessel. Samoilov K. I. Marine dictionary. M.L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR ... Marine Dictionary

- (English forepeak Dutch voorpiek), the outermost bow compartment of the ship, where the ballast water tank is usually located ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Forepik, forepik m. The extreme bow compartment of the ship, where the tank for ballast water is usually located. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern Dictionary Russian language Efremova

Exist., number of synonyms: 2 compartment (9) peak (23) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

forepeak- The extreme forward compartment of the main hull of a ship, extending from the stem to the forepeak bulkhead. [GOST 13641 80] Subjects: ships and vessels... Technical Translator's Guide

FORPIK, FORPIK, a; m. [English] forepeak] Mor. The outermost compartment of a ship, where a ballast water tank is usually located. * * * forepeak (English forepeak, Dutch voorpiek), the outermost bow compartment of the ship, where a tank for water is usually located ... encyclopedic Dictionary

The design of the hull (Fig. 1) is determined by the purpose of the vessel and is characterized by the size, shape and material of the parts and components of the hull, their mutual relationship.

Rice. 1 Internal organization vessels: a) dry cargo ship; b) tanker 1 - forepeak; 2 — cargo holds (tanks); 3 — tweendeck; 4 — double bottom; 5 — deep tank; 6 — engine room; 7 — propeller shaft tunnel; 8 — afterpeak; 9th; 10 - middle superstructure; 11 - felling; 12-tank; 13 – dry cargo hold; 14 - pump room; 15 — rubber dam

The casting system is determined by the direction of most beams and can be transverse, longitudinal or combined. With a transverse framing system, the beams of the main direction will be: beams in the deck floors, frames in the side floors, and floras in the bottom floors. This mounting system is used on relatively short ships (up to 120 meters in length) and is most advantageous on icebreakers and ice-going vessels, as it provides high hull resistance to lateral compression of the hull by ice.

With a longitudinal system of framing in all floors in the middle part of the length of the hull, the beams of the main direction are located along the ship. The extremities of the vessel are cast using a transverse casting system, since at the extremities the longitudinal system is not effective. The beams of the main direction in the middle bottom, side and deck floors are, respectively, the bottom, side and below-deck longitudinal stiffeners: stringers, carlings, keel. Cross connections are floras, frames and beams. The use of a longitudinal system in the middle part of the vessel's length allows for high longitudinal strength. Therefore, this system is used on long ships that are subject to large bending moments.

Rice. 2 Mixed set of the vessel: 1 - keel; 2 - second bottom flooring; 3 — side stringers; 4 - beam; 5 — deck stringer; 6 - knitsa; 7 — shearstrek; 8 — frame; 9 — side belt; 10 - zygomatic girdle; 11 - flor; 12 — bottom stringer; 13 - keel belt

Rice. 3 Below deck set: 1 - deck flooring; 2 - beams; 3 - carlings; 4 - pillers; 5 — beam booklets; 6 — frames; 7 — side trim

With a combined framing system, deck and bottom floors in the middle part of the hull length are assembled using a longitudinal framing system, and side ceilings in the middle part and all floors at the ends are using a transverse framing system. The combined recruitment system is used on large-tonnage and tankers. The mixed vessel framing system is characterized by approximately equal distances between the longitudinal and transverse beams. In the bow and stern parts of the vessel, the set is attached to the stem and sternpost that close the hull.

The ship's hull is a complex engineering structure, which during operation is constantly subject to deformation, especially when sailing in rough seas or during cargo operations. Thus, when the top of a wave passes through the middle of the ship, the hull experiences tension, and when the bow and stern ends simultaneously hit the crests of the waves, the hull experiences compression. Also, uniform distribution of cargo throughout the ship's cargo spaces is not always possible. General bending deformation occurs, as a result of which the ship may break (Fig. 4). The ability of a ship to resist general bending is called general longitudinal strength.

Rice. 4 Distribution of loads on the ship’s hull on a wave

In addition to general strength, a distinction is made between local strength, i.e. the permissible load on the decks of holds, tweendecks, the main deck and hold covers. Its meaning is given in the Information on Stability and Strength for the Captain.


Autonomy swimming	duration of the vessel's stay in flight without replenishment of fuel, provisions and fresh water.
Afterpeak	the outermost aft compartment of the vessel, occupies the space from the leading edge of the sternpost to the first aft watertight bulkhead. Used as a ballast tank to trim the ship and store water reserves.
Ramp	composite platform designed for vehicle entry various types independently or with the help of special tractors from the shore to one of the decks of the ship and back.
Sternpost	the lower aft part of the vessel in the form of an open or closed frame, which serves as a continuation of the keel. Front the branch of the sternpost, in which there is a hole for the stern tube (deadwood), is called the star post, the rear branch, which serves to attach the rudder, is called the rudder post. On modern single-rotor ships, a sternpost without Ruderpost.
Tank	a superstructure at the bow end of a ship, starting from the stem. Serves to protect the upper deck from flooding on the oncoming wave, as well as to increase the reserve of buoyancy and accommodate service personnel. A tank that is partially recessed into the hull of a ship (usually half the height) is called a forecastle. Usually on the deck of the forecastle or inside it anchor and mooring devices are located.
Ballast	cargo taken on board a ship to ensure the required landing and stability when the payload and supplies are insufficient for this. There are variable and constant ballast. As For variable ballast, water is usually used (liquid ballast), and for permanent ballast, pig iron is used, a mixture of cement with cast iron shot, less often chains, stone, etc. (solid ballast).
Rudder stock	a shaft fixedly connected to the rudder blade (attachment) that serves to rotate the rudder blade (attachment).
Beam	beam of the transverse frame of the vessel, mainly of T-profile, supporting the deck (platform) flooring. The beams of the solid sections of the deck rest with their ends on the frames, in the span - on the carlings and longitudinal bulkheads, in in the area of the hatches - on the side frames and longitudinal coamings of the hatches (such beams are often called half-beams).
Board	side wall of the ship's hull, extending along the length from the stem to the stern stem, and in height from the bottom to the upper deck. The side plating consists of sts, oriented along the ship, forming belts, and a set of frames and longitudinal stiffeners or side stringers. The height is impenetrable The freeboard is determined by the reserve of buoyancy.
Bracketa	rectangular or more complex plate used for reinforcement ship frame beams or connecting them together.
Breshtuk	horizontal triangular or trapezoidal bracket connecting the side walls of the stem (sternpost) and giving it the necessary strength and rigidity.
Windlass	winch-type deck mechanism with a horizontal shaft designed for lifting the anchor and tensioning the cables during mooring.
Buoy	floating navigational situation sign intended for fencing dangerous places (shoals, reefs, banks, etc.), in the seas, straits, canals, ports.
Bridle	an anchor chain attached at the root end to the dead anchor on the ground, and at the running end to the roadside mooring barrel.
Bulb	a thickening of the underwater part of the bow of a vessel, usually round or teardrop-shaped, which serves to improve propulsion.
Shafting	designed to transmit torque (power) from the main engine to the mover. The main elements of the shafting are: propeller shaft, intermediate terrible shafts, main thrust bearing, support bearings, stern tube device.
Waterways	special channel along the edge decks used for water drainage.
Waterline	a line marked on the side of a ship that shows its draft when fully loaded at the point of contact of the water surface with the hull of a floating vessel.
Swivel	a device for connecting two parts of the anchor chain, allowing one of them to rotate around their axis. Used to prevent twisting anchor chain when turning a vessel at anchor when changing wind directions.
Lightweight displacement	displacement of the vessel without cargo, fuel, lubricating oil, ballast, fresh, boiler water in tanks, provisions, consumables, as well as without pass- fats, crew and their belongings.
Huck	steel hook used on ships to lift cargo with cranes, booms and other devices.
Helmport	a cutout in the lower part of the stern or in the sternpost of the vessel for the passage of the rudder stock. A helmport pipe is usually installed above the helmport, providing tightness of the passage of the stock to the steering gear.
Cargo capacity	the total volume of all cargo spaces. Cargo capacity is measured in m3. Gross tonnage, measured in registered tons (1 registered ton = 2.83 m3), is pre- represents the full volume of the premises of the hull and closed superstructures, using inclusion of volumes of double bottom compartments, water ballast tanks, as well as volumes of some office premises and posts located on the top deck and above (wheelhouse and charthouse, galley, crew bathrooms, light exit hatches, shafts, auxiliary machinery rooms, etc.).. Clean inside the cost is obtained by deducting the volumes of premises from the gross capacity buildings unsuitable for the carriage of commercial cargo, passengers and supplies, in including living, public and sanitary premises for the crew, premises, occupied by deck machinery and navigational instruments, engine room, etc. In other words, the net capacity includes only the premises which bring direct income to the shipowner.
Load capacity	the weight of various types of cargo that the ship can transport, provided that the design landing is maintained. There is net tonnage and deadweight.
Load capacity clean	the total mass of the payload transported by the ship, i.e. weight of cargo in holds and mass of passengers with luggage and intended for them fresh water and provisions, the mass of fish caught, etc., when loading the vessel according to the calculated draft.
Cruising range	the greatest distance a ship can travel at a given speed without replenishment of fuel, boiler feed water and lubricating oil.
Deadweight	the difference between the vessel’s displacement along the load waterline, corresponding to corresponding to the designated summer freeboard in water with a density of 1.025 t/m3, and light displacement.
Stern tube	serves to support the propeller shaft and ensure watertightness, including the place where it comes out of the body.
Trim	tilt of the ship in the longitudinal plane. Trim characterizes the landing of the vessel and measured by the difference between its draft (deepening) stern and bow. The trim is considered positive when the draft at the bow is greater than the draft at the stern.
Cable	tenth of a mile. Therefore, the cable length is 185.2 meters.
Carling	longitudinal beam below deck of a ship that supports beams and provides together with the rest of the deck set, its strength during operation lateral load and stability during general bending of the vessel. The supports for the carlings are the transverse bulkheads of the hull, the transverse coamings of the hatches and pillers.
Pitching	oscillatory movements around the equilibrium position, performed freely a ship floating on the surface of the water. There are roll, pitch and heave motions. The swing period is the duration of one complete oscillation.
Kingston	an outboard valve on the underwater part of the outer hull of a ship. Via Kingston connected to the inlet or outlet pipes of ship systems (ballast, fire protection, etc.), fill the ship’s compartments with sea water and drain water overboard.
Keel	the main longitudinal bottom beam in the center plane (DP) of the vessel, running from stem to stern.
Hawse	a hole in the ship's hull surrounded by a cast iron or steel frame for missing anchor chain or mooring cables.
Knecht	a pair of cabinets with a common base on the deck of a ship, used for securing mooring or towing rope applied in figure eights.
Coaming	vertical waterproof fencing for hatches and other openings in the deck the vessel, as well as the lower part of the bulkhead under the door cutout (threshold). Protects premises under the hatch and behind the door from water ingress in the unlocked position.
Knitsa	triangular or trapezoidal plate connecting the converging under angle of the ship's hull frame (frames with beams and floors, bulkhead posts with stringers and stiffeners, etc.).
Cofferdam	a narrow, airtight compartment separating adjacent spaces on a ship. The cofferdam prevents the penetration of gases emitted by petroleum products from one room to another. For example, on tankers the cargo tanks are separated cofferdam from the bow rooms and engine room.
Leer	fencing of the open deck in the form of several stretched cables or metal rods.
Lyalo	a recess along the length of the hold (compartment) of a ship between the bilge belt of the outer plating and the inclined double-bottom sheet (bilge stringer), intended for collecting bilge water and its subsequent removal using a drainage system.
Midship frame	frame located on the middle of the ship's design length.
Nautical mile	a unit of length equal to one arc minute of the meridian. Nautical mile length taken equal to 1852 meters.
Payol	wooden flooring on hold deck.
Gunwale	steel or wood strip, attached to the upper edge of the bulwark.
Podvolok	lining the ceiling of the residential and many service spaces of the ship, i.e., the lower sides of the deck floor. Made from thin metal sheets, or non-flammable plastic.
Stanchion	a single vertical post supporting the ship's deck; can also serve as a support for heavy deck machinery and cargo. ends The pillars are connected to the beams of the set using brackets.
Spar	a set of above-deck structures and parts of ship equipment intended on ships with mechanical engines to accommodate ship lights, communications, surveillance and alarm equipment, fastening and supporting cargo devices (masts, booms, etc.).
Rostra	lattice flooring on half-beams, between the deckhouse and special racks along on board the ship. The rostra can accommodate lifeboats and work boats. On On cargo ships, cargo winches and other equipment are installed on rostra, spare parts are stored, etc.
Steering gear	a device that ensures the maneuverability and stability of a vessel on course. Includes rudder, tiller, steering gear and control station. The force created by the steering machine is transmitted to the tiller, which causes rotation of the stock, and along with the shift of the steering wheel.
Rybinsy	longitudinal wooden slats, 40-50 mm thick and 100-120 mm wide, are installed in special brackets welded to the frames. Intended for protecting the cargo from getting wet and damaging the packaging by the on-board kit.
Cheekbone	the place of transition from the bottom to the side of the ship.
Stringer	longitudinal element of the ship's hull in the form of a sheet or T-beam, the wall of which is perpendicular to the hull skin. There are bottom, bilge, side and deck stringers.
Lanyard	device for tensioning standing rigging and lashings.
Tweendeck	the space inside the ship's hull between 2 decks or between the deck and platform.
Bulwark	fencing of the open deck in the form of a solid wall with a height of at least 1 m.
Door panels	a sheet of plywood or plastic covering the hole in the ship's door intended for emergency exit from the premises.
Flor	a steel sheet, the lower edge of which is welded to the bottom plating, and a steel strip is welded to the upper edge. The floras go from side to side, where they are connected to the frames by the zygomatic brackets.
Forepeak	The outermost bow compartment of the ship, extending from the stem to the collision (forepeak) bulkhead, usually serves as a ballast tank.
stem	a beam along the contour of the bow point of the vessel, connecting the plating and a set of starboard and port sides. At the bottom, the stem is connected to the keel. The stem is inclined to the vertical to improve seaworthiness and protection destruction of the underwater part of the hull upon impact.
Shvartov	a rope, usually with a fire at the end, designed to pull and hold a vessel at a pier or against the side of another vessel. Steel, as well as vegetable and synthetic cables made of durable, flexible and wear-resistant fibers.
Spatzia	the distance between adjacent beams of the ship's hull frame. Transverse spacing - distance between main frames, longitudinal - between longitudinal beams.
Scupper	hole in the deck to remove water.