Excursion to the industrial zone, how to organize a business from nothing. Excursion to the industrial zone, how to organize a business from nothing How to start a city tour

09.11.2020

Travel can be called one of the most popular and vibrant hobbies of a person. Many people love to travel to new places, filling their lives with unforgettable travel experiences. Not every resident of Russia can afford a holiday abroad, but excursions to interesting places in their country are available to them. IN Lately The number of people wishing to discover amazing corners of the Russian Federation has increased greatly, and this circumstance has served as an impetus for business people to start the excursion business.

Every entrepreneur has questions: how to open a tour agency, how much money should be invested in the business at the start, whether the business will bring profit and where to start this process. It turns out that organizing tourism activities is not difficult, and a person interested in it can easily build such a business and achieve success in it.

Starting a business - planning activities

Before you start organizing any business, you need to make a plan. It will consist of the following points:

Studying market demand and competitors' activities.
Choosing an office for a future bureau.
Selection of necessary documents for business.
Development of excursion routes.
Solving transport issues.
Recruitment.
Advertising campaign.

After collecting, studying and analyzing all the necessary information, the businessman must draw up a business plan for his future enterprise and calculate the approximate costs of opening it.

And now about all this in more detail.

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Studying tourism legislation, preparing documents for business

Having decided to organize a business in the field of tourism, a businessman must study tourism legislation and then prepare the documents necessary to open own business. The main law defining the principles of state policy in the field of tourism and regulating the rights and obligations of the owners of excursion bureaus and their clients is the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals tourism activities V Russian Federation" dated November 24, 1996, N 132-FZ.

To better imagine their future activities, experienced businessmen advise beginners to attend special thematic courses, for example, “Organizing a travel agency from A to Z.” Firms and consulting groups conduct such courses monthly and even provide their students with ready-made kits of everything necessary in excursion business documents.

To open a tour bureau, a business person in the Russian Federation does not need to acquire a license or other special permission. All that is required of him is registration as an individual entrepreneur or legal entity. As the main documents, in addition to the registration certificate, you will need to have independently developed contracts for the provision of services, contracts with transport companies, museums, public catering establishments, job descriptions for staff, instructions for tourists.

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Market demand, study of competition and development of excursion routes

Any novice entrepreneur understands that his business will be profitable if there is a demand for his services. Therefore, to organize a tour desk in hometown, you need to see whether this city, its surroundings or settlements located at a short distance from it, a large number of attractions and beautiful places. After all, before you start developing routes to Moscow or Suzdal, or other distant cities, you must first try to conduct excursions closer to “home”. There are many amazing places in Russia with rich history and beautiful nature.

If there is already a tour desk in the city, it will be useful to familiarize yourself with the offers and routes of competitors. When setting the cost of excursions, you need to focus on the average salary of city residents and think about how much money they can pay for the trip. The main criterion is the availability of the excursion for everyone, and although the price should be made more attractive than that of competitors, it should not be too low.

When developing a route plan, there are several factors to consider. First, you must definitely study the history of your native land, its customs, get acquainted with the biographies of famous fellow countrymen. To do this, you will need to visit the local local history museum, talk with its employees, look through books about your region and chat with old-timers who will be happy to tell you about interesting legends and events of the past.

Secondly, routes should be developed taking into account the age audience. If these are excursions for children, you should definitely introduce elements of entertainment into them, organize playful moments, for example, dress up the guide as a fairy-tale character, come up with a thematic competition, etc. Children's excursions should not be drawn out in time, since children quickly lose interest in one thing or another. the same activity.

Thirdly, you need to carefully consider the time spent on each route (from 45 minutes to the whole day), provide stops along the way, and recommend a cafe for lunch. If the excursion takes several days, this requires tourists to spend the night in a hotel and provide them with food.

Fourthly, the plan for visiting city attractions should differ from the plan of competitors; for this purpose, it is advisable to select other monuments for a city tour or, in addition to the main program, include in it “unpromoted” but interesting places, visits to which can be arranged for an additional fee. The more interesting and more unusual excursion, the more people will want to visit it, since “the earth is full of rumors.”

An important circumstance is the implementation of an advertising campaign. In addition to announcements in the media, handouts, booklets in stores, advertising in in social networks It is imperative to create a website on the Internet, thanks to which more people will learn about the bureau, see the excursion plan, and become familiar with their program and prices in detail.

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Office for the tour desk and its staff

Business at the initial stage involves minimal expenses Money. Therefore, the organizer of the bureau is at first almost its only employee. In his own apartment, he can receive calls from those who want to go on an excursion or conduct one himself. But over time, having an office becomes a necessity, as does increasing the number of employees. It is better to find office space in a busy place so that it catches the eye of many. A bright sign and a beautiful display window are required. Interior decoration The office should not be too expensive or extremely “soviet”, but cozy and bright so that the client feels comfortable in it.

The main employee of the bureau is the tour guide. He must be a competent specialist, have a well-trained, pleasant voice, and be attractive. He needs to constantly learn something new about the sights and famous people, adding Interesting Facts in the excursion texts. In addition to tour guides, the company will need an accountant, manager and drivers. The head of the bureau can agree with the transport company to provide a bus for routes on certain days; a larger company has its own transport and drivers.

2.3. Planning an excursion route

Excursion route is the most convenient route to follow excursion group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence of inspection of objects for a given excursion, the availability of sites for the group, and the need to ensure the safety of excursionists. One of the objectives of the route is to contribute to the most complete disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that must be taken into account by the compilers of the route are the organization of the display of objects in a logical sequence and the provision of a visual basis for revealing the topic.

In the practice of excursion agencies, there are three options for constructing routes: chronological, thematic And thematic-chronological.

An example of a chronological route can be excursions dedicated to the life and work of outstanding people.

Excursions are organized on a thematic basis, related to the disclosure of a specific topic in the life of the city (for example, “Arkhangelsk is under construction,” “Literary Moscow Region,” etc.).

All city sightseeing tours are structured according to a thematic and chronological principle. The sequence of presentation of material according to chronology in such excursions is observed, as a rule, only when covering each subtopic.

Route development- a complex multi-stage procedure that requires fairly high qualifications and is one of the main elements of the creation technology new excursion. During development bus route you should be guided by the “Road Rules”, “Charter of Motor Transport”, “Rules for the Transportation of Passengers” and other departmental regulations.

Objects, depending on their role in the excursion, can be used as basic And additional.

The main objects undergo a more in-depth analysis, and the subtopics of the excursion are revealed on them.

The display of additional objects, as a rule, is carried out during moves (transitions) of the excursion group and it does not occupy a dominant position.

The route is built on the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:

The display of objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passages along the same section of the route (street, square, bridge, highway), i.e. so-called “loops”;
- accessibility of the object (site for its inspection);
- moving or transitioning between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in the show and story;
- availability of well-equipped stops, including sanitary stops and vehicle parking areas.

It is recommended that at the time of the excursion you have several options for moving the group. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by traffic jams and repair work on city highways. All this must be taken into account when creating different route options.

The development of a bus route is completed by the coordination and approval of the passport and route diagram, calculation of mileage and time of use of vehicles.

Detour (detour) route

Detour (detour) route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. When organizing a detour (detour) of the route, the following tasks are set:

1) get acquainted with the layout of the route, streets, squares along which the route is laid;
2) clarify the place where the object is located, as well as the place of the intended stop excursion bus or a walking group;
3) master access by bus to objects or parking areas;
4) time the time required to show the objects, their verbal descriptions and the movement of the bus (pedestrian group), as well as clarify the duration of the excursion as a whole;
5) check the feasibility of using the intended display objects;
6) select the best points for displaying objects and options for location of the excursion group;
7) choose a method of familiarization with the object;
8) for the safety of tourists’ movement along the route, identify potentially dangerous places and take measures.

Preparation of control text for the excursion

The text represents the material necessary for a full disclosure of all subtopics included in the excursion. The text is intended to provide thematic focus of the guide's story; it formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events that the excursion is devoted to, and provides an objective assessment of the objects shown.

Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity of wording, required amount of factual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The text of the excursion is compiled by the creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that each guide must build his story taking into account the requirements of the given text (control text).

The control text in most cases contains a chronological presentation of the material. This text does not reflect the structure of the excursion and is not built in a route sequence, with the distribution of the presented material at stops where the analysis of excursion objects takes place. The control text is carefully selected and source-verified material, which is the basis for all excursions conducted on this topic. Using the provisions and conclusions contained in the control text, the guide constructs his own individual text.

Based on the control text, excursion options on the same topic can be created, including for children and adults, for various groups of workers.

In order to facilitate the work of creating such options, the control text may include materials related to objects, subtopics and main issues that are not included in the itinerary of this excursion.

In addition to materials for the guide’s story, the control text includes materials that should make up the content of the introductory speech and conclusion of the tour, as well as logical transitions. It should be convenient to use. Quotes, figures and examples are accompanied by links to sources.

Completing the "tour guide's briefcase"

"Tour guide's briefcase" is the conventional name for a set of visual aids used during the excursion. These aids are usually placed in a folder or small briefcase.

One of the tasks of the "guide's portfolio" is to restore the missing links in the display. During excursions, it often turns out that not all objects necessary to cover the topic have been preserved. For example, tourists cannot see a historical building that has been destroyed by time; a village destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, etc. Sometimes it becomes necessary to give an idea of the original appearance of the place on which the inspected building (residential neighborhood) was built. For this purpose, for example, photographs of a village or wasteland, panoramas of the construction of an enterprise, or a residential area are used. The task may also arise to show what will happen at the site being inspected in the near future. In this case, excursionists are shown designs of buildings, structures, and monuments.

During excursions, it may be necessary to show photographs of people who are related to this object or events related to it (for example, portraits of members of the Wulf family - friends of A. S. Pushkin - when conducting a tour of the "Pushkin Ring of the Upper Volga Region").

What makes the excursion more convincing is the demonstration of copies of original documents, manuscripts, and literary works, which the guide talks about.

And another important task of visual aids on excursions is give a visual representation of an object(plants, minerals, mechanisms by showing genuine samples or their photographs, models, dummies).

The "guide's briefcase" includes photographs, geographic Maps, diagrams, drawings, drawings, product samples, etc. Such “portfolios” are created, as a rule, for each topic. They are a constant companion of the guide and help make any journey into the past and present more exciting and useful. The contents of the “portfolio” are dictated by the theme of the excursion.

Visual aids in the “tour guide’s briefcase” should be easy to use. Their number should not be large, since in this case the aids will distract tourists from examining the original objects and distract their attention.

Members of the creative group, preparing a new excursion, select from the visual materials at their disposal the most expressive ones that can assist the guide in covering the topic. The method of demonstrating visual aids is tested along the route. Then recommendations for the use of “portfolio” materials are included in the methodological development.

Each exhibit included in the “portfolio” is accompanied by a sheet of explanation or reference material. Sometimes explanations are glued to the back of the exhibit. This annotation serves as source material for the guide when showing the exhibit to tourists.

The list of visual materials of a certain topic included in the “tour guide’s portfolio” should be clarified throughout the development of a new excursion topic.

Museums, exhibitions, and archives provide great assistance to excursion organizations in selecting visual materials for their “portfolio.”

Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion

The success of the excursion is directly dependent on the methodological techniques of showing and telling used in it. The choice of one or another methodological technique is dictated by the tasks assigned to the excursion and the information richness of a particular object.

The work of the creative group at this stage consists of several parts: selection of the most effective methodological techniques for covering subtopics, methodological techniques that are recommended depending on the excursion audience (adults, children), the time of the excursion (winter, summer, day, evening), features display; determining methods for maintaining the attention of tourists and activating the process of perceiving excursion material; developing recommendations for the use of expressive means in the guide’s speech; selection of rules for conducting excursion techniques. It is equally important to determine the technology for using methodological techniques.

Determination of excursion techniques

The excursion technique combines all organizational issues of the excursion process. Authors bus tour, for example, they carefully consider when and where tourists go out to inspect the object, how tourists move between objects, how and when exhibits of the “tour guide’s portfolio” are demonstrated, etc. The corresponding entries are made in the methodological development column “Organizational instructions”. These instructions are also addressed to the bus driver. For example, where to park the bus, where it is necessary to drive slower to observe the object from the window. Separate instructions apply to excursionists (compliance with safety rules on the street, getting off the bus, seating in the cabin). It is important to formulate recommendations on the use of pauses in the excursion; on observing the time allotted for covering subtopics, organizing answers to questions from tourists; about the technique of using the exhibits of the “portfolio”; about the procedure for laying wreaths, etc. No less important are instructions about the place of the guide when showing objects, guiding the independent work of tourists along the route, and conducting a story while the bus is moving.

Drawing up methodological development

Methodological development is a document that determines how to conduct a given excursion, how best to organize the display of monuments, what methodology and management technique should be used to make the excursion effective. The methodological development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the characteristics of the objects being demonstrated and the content of the material presented. She disciplines the guide and must meet the following requirements: suggest to the guide ways to reveal the topic; equip him with the most effective methodological techniques of showing and telling; contain clear recommendations on how to organize an excursion; take into account the interests of a certain group of excursionists (if excursion options are available); combine showing and telling into a single whole.

Methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion, including a differentiated approach to preparing and conducting the excursion. The options for methodological development reflect the age, professional and other interests of excursionists, as well as the peculiarities of the methodology for its implementation.

The methodological development is prepared as follows:

The title page contains the following information: the name of the excursion institution, the name of the topic of the excursion, the type of excursion, the length of the route, duration in academic hours, the composition of the excursionists, the names and positions of the compilers, the date of approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion institution.
- the next page outlines the purpose and objectives of the excursion, a route diagram indicating objects and stops during the excursion.

The methodological development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion. The introduction and conclusion are not separated into columns. Here, for example, is what the recommendations for a guide look like about constructing an introduction to the methodological development of an excursion on the topic “Tyumen - the gateway to Siberia”: “First of all, you need to get to know the group, name the names of the guide and driver, then remind the excursionists of the rules of behavior on the bus, warning them that they will be able to ask questions and share impressions when the time is given for this. In the information part it is necessary to name the topic, route, duration of the excursion, but it is advisable to do this in such a way as to arouse interest in the topic; attract the attention of excursionists, i.e. this "Part of the introduction should be bright, emotional. It can begin with poems by A. S. Pushkin or a quote - a statement by the Decembrists about the untold riches of Siberia, the great future of this harsh region." The landing place of the group is determined in working order together with the customer, the starting point of the excursion is determined by methodological development.

Table 2.1

Sample methodological development of an excursion

Route	Stop	Display objects	Time	Name of subtopics and list of main issues	Organizational guidelines	Guidelines
Novaya Basmannaya st. - M. Razgulay - Baumanskaya st.	While passing through	Novaya Basmannaya St.; Cathedral of St. Paul; No. 16 on Novaya Basmannaya Street, No. 2 on Spartakovskaya Street.		Subtopic I: Pushkin Moscow 1. Former German settlement - one of the aristocratic districts of Moscow in the 18th-19th centuries. 2. Novaya Basmannaya st. - corner of Pushkinskaya Moscow	The story is told while the bus is moving in slow motion.	1. Use the technique of reporting, characterizing the former German Settlement. Maintain synchronicity of the story and display of objects located on different streets 2. Characterizing the appearance of the German settlement the end of the 18th century, when the Pushkins settled here, use the layout and development of Novaya Basmannaya Street to show. Use in the story the names of the lanes along which the route passes to characterize the past. Mention those preserved on the banks of the river. Yauza houses of nobles (Lefortovo Palace, Slobodskaya Palace, etc.)
Baumanskaya st., 8/10	Stop in the courtyard of the school named after. A. S. Pushkin No. 353	School building named after. A. S. Pushkina, Memorial plaque with a bas-relief of Pushkin the Child on the facade of the building		3. Place of birth of the poet 4. "My Pedigree" 5. The poet's childhood	Take the group off the bus, let them down to the school building, stop at the memorial plaque. Then lead to the monument A. S. Pushkin, positioning the group so that the school yard, monument, buildings to the left and right of it are visible	3. Verbal reconstruction of this corner of the German settlement of the late 18th century. Show: relief of the school yard (dried bed of the Kukuy stream), preserved outbuildings (building 8), reminiscent of Skvortsov’s property, in which A.S. Pushkin was born. Expanding questions 4, 5, quote excerpts from the works “My Genealogy” and “Guests Flocked to the Dacha.” Use the “guide’s briefcase” (views of old Moscow, Lefortovo, portraits of relatives A. S. Pushkin). Variant of logical transition of the topic: "V.L. Pushkin influenced the formation of the literary tastes of the future poet"

The effectiveness of methodological development depends on the correct completion of all seven columns. The size of the development is 6-12 pages of typewritten text. The volume of the document depends on the number of excursion objects, the number of subtopics, the duration of the excursion in time and the length of the route.

In the column " Excursion route" is the starting point of the excursion and the end of the first subtopic.

In the column " Stops" these are the points on the route where exit from the bus is provided; it is intended to inspect the object from the windows of the bus without excursionists exiting or a stop at walking tour. You should not make such inaccurate entries as, for example: “Embankment of the Volga River” or “Central Square”. It would be more correct to write: “The embankment of the Volga River near the monument to N. A. Nekrasov.”

In the column " Display objects"list those memorable places, main and additional objects that are shown to the group at a stop, during the transfer or movement of the group to the next stop.

In a country excursion, the objects of display can be a city, a village, an urban settlement as a whole, and when driving along the route - visible parts from a distance (a tall building, a tower, a bell tower, etc.). In a city tour, the objects of display can be a street or square.

Count " Duration of the excursion". The time that is called in this column is the sum of the time spent on showing this object, the guide's story (the part when there is no demonstration) and on the movement of tourists along the route to the next stop. Here it is also necessary to take into account the time spent on movement near objects being inspected and between objects.

Count " Name of subtopics and list of main issues"contains brief notes. First of all, the subtopic is called, which is revealed on a given segment of the route, in a given period of time, at the objects listed in column 3. Here the main questions are formulated when disclosing the subtopic. For example, in a city sightseeing tour one of the subtopics is called “Poltava in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden.” The main issues covered in this subtopic are “Swedes in Ukraine” and “Battle of Poltava”. The subtopic “New Old Town” reveals the main issues: “Housing construction in the city”, “Development of culture and art”, “Construction of a sports complex”. The number of main questions included in a subtopic should not exceed five.

In the column " Organizational guidelines"place recommendations on the movement of the group, ensuring the safety of excursionists along the route and fulfilling sanitary and hygienic requirements, rules of conduct for excursion participants in memorial places and at historical and cultural monuments. Requirements for excursionists for nature protection and fire safety rules are also set out here. In this column include all the questions that are included in the concept of “Techniques for conducting an excursion." Here is an example of an entry: “The group is positioned in such a way that all excursionists can see the entrance to the building.” “At this stop, excursionists are given time to take photographs.” On out-of-town excursions, this column include instructions on sanitary stops, recommendations on nature conservation, rules for the movement of tourists at stops, especially near highways in order to ensure their safety.

When conducting industrial excursions and visiting working workshops, safety recommendations, excerpts from the instructions of the enterprise administration, mandatory rules of conduct for tourists at the enterprise are provided, and places where pauses are made in the story and show are named.

Count " Guidelines" defines the direction of the entire document, formulates the basic requirements for the guide on the methodology of conducting the excursion, and provides instructions on the use of methodological techniques. For example, in the excursion "Khatyn Memorial Complex" to the object "Defense Line of the 100th Infantry Division" two methodological instructions are given: " When revealing the subtopic, the technique of verbal comparison is used, information is given about the military potential of Nazi Germany at the time of its attack on the USSR" and "The story about the battles is carried out using the methodological technique of visual reconstruction of the place where the fighting took place."

It should be indicated where and how methodological techniques are applied. This column also outlines an option for a logical transition to the next subtopic, provides recommendations for displaying materials from the “guide’s portfolio”, and includes tips on using the movement of tourists relative to objects as a methodological technique (for example, “After observing the object and the guide’s story, tourists can independently continue to get acquainted with object", "The guide should explain the terms...", "When showing the battlefield, it is necessary to orient the tourists...", etc.).

Writing a custom text

Excursion practice is based on the fact that the basis of the guide’s story is custom text, which determines the sequence and completeness of the presentation of thoughts, helps the guide logically build his story. Each guide composes such a text independently. The basis for the individual text is the reference text.

All individual texts, if there is a good control text, will have identical content, but different figures of speech, different words, different sequence in the story, may even be different facts, confirming the same position. Naturally, all guides, being at the same object, will say the same thing.

You should not hide the control text from those who are developing a new excursion, since a creative group of the most trained guides worked on the control text, and a guide preparing a new topic for himself will not be able to achieve what was done before him through collective efforts. After the guide’s preliminary work on the new topic is completed (collection, study and initial processing of material), he is allowed to familiarize himself with the control text. This will help him select material for the story, determine the optimal number of examples used to cover subtopics, and draw correct conclusions on the subtopics of the excursion and in general. A timely reference to the control text guarantees a higher level of beginner preparation for the excursion.

The main difference between an individual text and a control text is that it reflects the structure of the excursion and is built in full accordance with the methodological development of the excursion. The material is placed in the sequence in which objects are shown and has a clear division into parts. Each of them is dedicated to one of the subtopics. An individual text compiled in accordance with these requirements is a story ready for “use.” The individual text contains a complete statement of what should be covered on the excursion. When presenting the essence historical events There should be no abbreviations or assessment of their meaning.

It is also not allowed to mention facts without dating them or citing sources. At the same time, this type of text reflects the peculiarities of the “performer’s” speech. The guide's story consists of separate parts, tied to visual objects. These parts are united by conclusions for each subtopic and logical transitions between subtopics (and objects). In an individual text, each subtopic is a separate story suitable for use during the excursion.

When composing an individual text, its author must not forget about the logic of the spoken speech, that the word and the image (object) act, as a rule, on the senses of sightseers synchronously. The desire for lively presentation of material on excursions should not lead to attempts to entertain excursionists. When deciding on the combination of educational and entertaining elements on an excursion, the matter should be decided according to the formula: maximum educational and minimum entertainment. The question of legends has a special place in preparing the excursion. Only legends may be used in excursions.

In terms of content, both texts (control and individual) are the same. This means that if all guides who have mastered this topic have a correctly composed test text, the excursions are “standard.” They are identical in their content, coincide in their assessments of historical events and facts in the conclusions they draw on individual subtopics and on the topic as a whole.

When analyzing the same visual object, guides show and tell the same thing. This is the meaning of the control text as a standard.

However, with equal content, guides can use different figures of speech and may present recommended facts, figures and examples in a different sequence. The individuality of the excursion also lies in the fact that guides leading an excursion on the same topic may have different degrees of emotionality. They can, being at the same object, use different display techniques and forms of storytelling. The same situation can be illustrated using different examples. The text should be written in the first person and express your individuality.

Story and individual text

The success of the story depends on how close the individual text is to generally accepted speech, and how it takes into account the speech characteristics of the particular guide to whom this text belongs. “The degree of influence of various texts on our consciousness depends on many reasons and conditions (logic, evidence, novelty of the topic and information, the author’s psychological attitude towards influence or lack thereof, etc.).” However, speech, its properties, structure, and features play an equally important role.

The individual texts of almost all guides on the same topic are characterized by similarity in the content and presentation of the material, in the assessment of historical events, facts and examples. However, the stories of all guides are individual. How does the guide's personality express itself? All guides, conducting excursions on the same topic, tell the same thing, but say it differently. Their story is the same in content, but different in form, use of vocabulary, and emotional level.

The methodology requires the guide to remember, when compiling an individual text, the significant difference between the speech of the lecturer and the guide.

During the excursion, the guide is “hurried” by objects that need to be shown to the group. The two to three hours allotted for the excursion, the excursionists being on their feet and in the open air, force the guide to speak briefly, clearly characterize the monuments in front of the group, and concisely talk about the events associated with them.

The duration of the story should not exceed the time that the monument is able to attract the attention of tourists. Most often it is five to seven minutes. If this time is not respected, then no liveliness of the story, no methodological techniques can restore the attention of the tourists. It is no coincidence that the term “object language” is used in methodological literature. One of the tasks of the guide is to make the object “speak”.

Techniques for using custom text

The guide, just like the lecturer, can use his own individual text during the excursion. For ease of use, it is recommended to transfer the content of the story to special cards, where brief data about the object, the main thoughts of the story, individual quotes, and historical dates are written down. For each subtopic, several cards are filled out (usually according to the number of main questions).

Using cards, the guide does not read their contents during the excursion, but only by looking at them, recalls the contents of the story. If there is a significant break between objects during the excursion, the guide can look at the cards again and refresh his memory of the material in the story. Most often, cards are used as a summary of a story in preparation for an excursion. The exceptions are those cards that contain quotes and large excerpts from works of art, the content of which forms the basis of the literary montage technique. During the excursion they are read in full.

The card should be easy to use. A small size is recommended, about a quarter sheet of thick writing paper suitable for long-term use. The cards have serial numbers and are folded before the excursion, taking into account the sequence of subtopics covered.

Using cards on excursions is the right of every guide, but as they gain experience, they no longer need to do so. The fact that the cards are at hand and can be used at the right time gives the guide confidence in his knowledge.

The presence of an individual text does not mean that all of it must be learned by heart and conveyed to tourists word for word.

Logical transitions

The creators of the excursion are faced with the task of linking the content of all subtopics into a single whole. It can be solved with logical transitions, which should be considered as an important, although not independent, part of the excursion. Well-written logical transitions give the excursion structure, ensure consistency in the presentation of the material, and guarantee that the next subtopic will be perceived with interest.

Often on excursions, when moving from one subtopic to another, they use formal (constructive) transitions. Formal is a transition that is not related to the content of the excursion and is not a “transition bridge” from one part of the excursion to another. (For example, “Now let’s drive around the square”, “Now we will follow you further”, “Let’s explore another remarkable place”). However, one should not deny the legitimacy of using such transitions in general and consider them one of the mistakes in excursion work.

In cases where movement between objects takes a matter of seconds, such transitions are inevitable: (For example, “Now look here” or “Please pay attention to the monument located nearby”). Such transitions are inevitable when viewing exhibitions in museums and exhibitions, where halls, thematic sections and individual stands dedicated to various subtopics are located close to each other. A constructive transition, while not being a “bridge” between subtopics, directs tourists to become familiar with the next object.

More efficient logical transition linked to the theme of the excursion. Such a transition may begin before the group moves to the next stop or may end already at the stop near the object. The logical transition is dictated not so much by the features of the excursion object, but by the content of the excursion itself, the subtopic after which this transition is made.

The duration of a logical transition is usually equal in time to the movement (transition) of a group from object to object, but it can be longer or shorter.

Acceptance (delivery) of excursions

If the test text and methodological development of the excursion are positively assessed, as well as if there is a complete “guide’s briefcase” and a route map, a date for acceptance (delivery) of the new excursion is set. The delivery of the excursion is entrusted to the head of the creative group. In case of absence due to illness or other valid reasons, the excursion is given by one of the members of the creative group. The leaders of the excursion institution, methodological workers, members of the creative group and the methodological section where the excursion was prepared, as well as the heads of other sections take part in the reception (delivery) of the excursion.

The reception (delivery) of the excursion is of a business nature, carried out in the form of a creative discussion, exchange of opinions, and identification of shortcomings. Participants in the tour must be previously familiar with its control text and methodological development, route diagram, contents of the “guide’s portfolio,” list of used literature, etc.

Excursion approval

If there is a positive conclusion about the control text and methodological development, as well as on the basis of calculating the cost and determining the rate of profit of the new excursion, the head of the excursion institution issues an order to approve the new excursion topic and the list of guides allowed to conduct it.

Guides who took an active part in the development of the topic and were heard on the route or during the interview are allowed to work. The conclusion of the interview is made by the methodologist of the excursion and methodological department.

All other guides, who later independently prepared this topic, conduct a test tour in the usual manner. Guides (regardless of their work experience) are allowed to conduct excursions on a topic that is new to them only if they have individual text after listening and issuing the appropriate order.

conclusions

Mandatory documentation on the topic. Preparing a new excursion theme is a complex process. This work is considered completed when all necessary documents are prepared. Documentation on excursion topics is stored in the methodological office.

Table 2.2.

Documentation required for each theme

No.	Document's name	Contents of the document
1	List of references on the topic	Lists all books, brochures, articles that were used in preparing this excursion
2	Cards (passports) of objects included in the route	Information characterizing the excursion object. Type of monument, its name, the event with which it is associated, location, short description, authors and time of creation of the object, sources
3	Control text of the excursion	Material selected and verified from sources that reveals the topic. The content of the text reveals subtopics and main questions, serves as the basis for the introduction, conclusion, and logical transitions
4	Individual texts from guides	Material presented by a specific guide in accordance with the methodological development, structure of the excursion, and its route. Gives characteristics of objects and events
5	Route diagram (map)	A separate sheet shows the group's route. The beginning and end of the route, display objects, places to observe them, stops for the group to go to the objects are indicated
6	"Tour Guide's Briefcase"	Folder with photographs, diagrams, maps, drawings, drawings, reproductions, copies of documents, samples of enterprise products, other visual aids
7	Methodological development on the topic	Recommendation for conducting an excursion. The methodological techniques of showing and telling are named, the sequence of demonstrating objects, visual aids, and the technique of conducting an excursion are determined, taking into account a differentiated approach to excursionists.
8	Excursion materials	Materials

Introduction……………………………………………………………..3

1. Subject and ideas of the excursion methodology.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion methods……5

1.2. Methodology for preparing excursions………………...8

2. Classification of methodological techniques.

2.1 Classification of methodological techniques………….14

2.2 Methodological techniques for display……………….…...17

2.3 Methodological techniques of the story………………….25

3. Special methodological techniques.

3.1.Technique for demonstrating a visual aid………35

3.2 Mastery of methodological techniques by the guide………………………………………………………..39

4. Techniques for conducting excursions.

4.1 Technique for conducting excursions………………………42

Conclusion……………………………………………………………..51

Bibliography……………..……………….…52

Introduction.

Methodology in the broad sense of the word is a set of ways to expediently carry out this or that work, solve a problem, achieve a goal, and in a narrower sense it is a set of specific methodological techniques for conducting lectures, conversations, excursions on a certain topic and for a certain group.

The methodology is divided into general and specific.

The excursion is a methodically thought-out demonstration places of interest, historical and cultural monuments, a display based on an analysis of the objects in front of the sightseers, as well as the events associated with them.

The guide is not indifferent to what the tourist sees, how he will understand and perceive what he saw and heard.

The guide, with his explanations, leads tourists to the necessary conclusions, and the effectiveness of the excursion depends on this.

It follows from this that the essence of an excursion can be defined as follows: a visual process of cognition of the surrounding world, a process built on pre-selected objects located in natural conditions or located in the halls of museums, exhibitions, workshops of a sculptor, artist, etc.

The excursion technique is a private technique, since it is associated with the process of disseminating knowledge based on one form of work. The excursion methodology is a set of requirements and rules for the excursion, as well as the sum of methodological techniques for preparing and conducting excursions of various types, including various topics and for different groups of people.

The excursion work methodology answers the following questions:

1. Why is the excursion prepared and conducted (goal, objectives)?

2. What issues are covered during the excursion (what is its content devoted to)?

3. How to conduct a tour (methodological techniques)?

The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts:

Methods for developing a new topic for this bureau;

Methods for the guide to develop a topic that is new to him, but has already been developed in this bureau;

Methods of preparing a guide for conducting the next excursion;

Methods of conducting an excursion;

Methods after excursion work.

1. Subject and types of excursion techniques.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion techniques.

The method of conducting an excursion is a set of techniques used in conducting an excursion, which are designed to find a way to more easily and effectively achieve the purpose of the excursion, to help tourists more easily and more firmly grasp the content of the excursion.

Methodological techniques for conducting excursions are divided into general, personal and individual. General techniques are the basis for conducting any excursion, regardless of its topic, the composition of the excursion group. Personal, in the end, are those techniques that are used in excursions of a certain type (industrial, museum, natural history, transport, walking), or in excursions conducted for a specific purpose. people are used to expressing themselves to the excursion audience (kids, youth, adults). It is no secret that personal methods, focusing on the main requirements of the excursion methodology, develop and specify more effective methods for conducting excursions of this type. Everyone knows that in the end, individual techniques are, as we always say, unique methods of observing a single object or telling a story about it, for example, showing a building standing on the shore of a reservoir, which on a fine summer day is finally reflected on its surface. And there is no need to even say that such techniques are usually the intellectual property of the first tour guide and are not, finally, used by everyone who, therefore, conducts such excursions. Indeed, isolated techniques also include those whose implementation is limited to a certain time of year or day.

The excursion methodology is considered in several aspects: as the basis for the professional skills of guides; as a mechanism that improves the “feed” of material; as a process of streamlining the activities of a guide. The technique helps tourists see, remember and understand much more than in a lecture covering the same topic. This happens because the lecturer’s methodology is largely based on various kinds of messages and descriptions, the lecture story is conducted in isolation from the objects of description. The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts: - methods for developing a topic new for a given bureau; - methods for the guide to develop a topic that is new to him, but already developed in this bureau; - methods for preparing the guide for the next excursion; - methods of conducting an excursion; - methods of post-excursion work.

Aspects of the excursion methodology: the basis of the professional skills of the guide, the mechanism for presenting material, the process of streamlining the activities of the guide during the preparation and conduct of the excursion.

The excursion technique is associated with such concepts as story and show. To the question about the relationship between showing and telling on an excursion, the methodology gives a clear answer: from showing to telling. You should start with a show, with visual or other (tactile, olfactory) impressions, and then introduce a story. The technique takes into account the ability of an object to attract attention and uses various means of enhancing the attention of tourists.

Another objective of the methodology is to suggest the most effective use of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion. The excursion methodology takes into account the issues of emotional impact on tourists.

The subject of excursion methodology is the purposeful study, systematization, formulation, explanation and practical application of means and methods of education and training, as well as methodological techniques with the help of which employees of excursion institutions carry out their activities. The excursion methodology summarizes the experience of conducting excursions, develops and offers methodological techniques that have proven themselves in practice and ensure the highest efficiency in the disclosure and perception of the topic.

1.2 Methodology for preparing excursions.

The development of the excursion is carried out by a creative group consisting of 3-10 people, depending on the complexity of the topic. Each of the participants works on one of the sections or one of subtopics excursions. The head of the creative team combines and edits the prepared material.

Preparation is divided into two stages:

Preliminary - selection and study of factual materials (i.e. the process of initial accumulation of knowledge on a given topic), carried out by a creative group, selection of objects on which the excursion will be based;

Direct - drawing up an excursion route, processing factual material.

In addition, work is being done on the structure of the methodological development: introduction, main part, conclusion; a control text is compiled, the methodological conduct of the excursion is analyzed (determining the most appropriate methodological techniques of showing and telling specifically for this or that part of the excursion), a “guide’s portfolio” is formed, and an individual text is prepared. The methodological development is a condensed plan, a document that determines how to conduct a given excursion, in what sequence to organize the display of monuments, what methodology is advisable to use for an effective excursion. Here the guide should find advice on the sequence in which to show and tell, what materials from the “guide’s portfolio” and when it is best to demonstrate. Methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion.

Methodological development is a mandatory document, without which an excursion on this topic cannot be carried out.

A mandatory document is also an individual text, which gives the guide the right to conduct a tour on this topic. A properly compiled methodological development helps the guide to more fully reveal the topic.

Create a new interesting excursion- it’s not an easy matter. The planned event should be divided into two equal stages - preparation and conduct of the excursion.

To develop new excursion route you need to decide on the purpose of the excursion, the type (in terms of content - sightseeing, thematic; according to the method of transportation - walking, bus) and objects of display. The text of the excursion, its duration and richness of facts will depend on this. This should not be done by one person, but by a creative group, which should include from three to seven people.

First steps to planning an excursion

When the objects are selected, we begin to collect information on each of them and draw up the most convenient route for transitions (transfers, etc.). Now, from a large amount of information on objects, you need to compose a tour text for each of them and a card of the object. Such a card is an indispensable part of a guide’s portfolio; it contains brief information about the object and possibly a photograph of it.

After excursion texts for objects have been written, it is easier to create an interesting and concise excursion text and connect the parts with competent transitions.

After preparing the materials, a methodological development of the excursion is done - this is a document describing the excursion and its main parameters. The manual includes a topic, a map of the route, its length, type of excursion, safety rules, purpose, tasks and time. It also includes a table - a plan for the excursion:

route;
display object;
stop;
time in minutes;
listing of main issues, names of subtopics;
organizational guidelines;
methodological instructions (logical transitions).

After this, the manual must be certified by management; it serves as confirmation of the quality of the excursion.

Tour guide's briefcase

Before conducting a tour, you need to collect a “guide briefcase”. This is the professional name for a set of visual aids to simplify the excursion. These can be reproductions of paintings, photographs of people who are related to this topic, maps depicting enterprises or military operations, geographical maps, geological samples, product samples, tape recordings and other materials that help inform the excursion.

Material requirements

The criteria for selecting visual material are low: preservation, unusualness, expressiveness, need for display and educational value. These are the main qualities of these criteria. It is very important to have good materials on objects that have not survived to this day or have been greatly modified. This will make the material easier to understand. It is worth considering that reproductions, maps and photographs must be on a cardboard base, the image must be clear with a size of at least 18*24, preferably 24*30 cm.

Now that all the material is ready, let's figure out how to conduct a tour correctly. Typically, each guide has his own technique for conducting an excursion, based on personal experience and observations. But the methodology for conducting an excursion is a whole system of requirements and tasks, methods of telling and showing. All this is necessary to achieve maximum digestibility of the material. A well-developed methodology is a kind of list of rules for a guide when conducting a specific excursion. But it is worth paying attention to the fact that the methods of conducting the excursion should differ slightly depending on the age characteristics of the group and the interest of the excursionists.

For school-age children, it is better not to overload the text with facts; it will be more interesting for them to see visual material and hear an interesting legend or story. It is also worth preparing for questions; children receive a lot of them. It is important to be able to hold the attention of schoolchildren. To do this, you need to ask questions: “Do you know?”; “Have you heard about...?”; “Do you like...?” etc. In this case, the guide has a dialogue with the excursionists, and this way you can keep your attention quite for a long time.

Older generation tourists, as a rule, behave quietly and calmly, and it is quite difficult to understand whether they are interested in the story or not. In the event that these are not professors and scientists, it is advisable not to overload the excursion text big amount dates and numbers. Always allow time for photographing, just five to seven minutes will be enough.

Guide techniques

There are generally accepted methods for conducting excursions, they include techniques of telling and showing. Display techniques make it possible to draw the attention of tourists to the most important details, to evaluate the general appearance of the object and its combination with environment. Narrative techniques, in turn, help to recreate a more accurate picture of events in the imagination of tourists. Key words: “Imagine...”, “It’s been... a year...”, etc.

Safety regulations

But in addition to interesting material and a pleasant guide, the event must be safe.

Safety when conducting excursions, especially walking ones, is very important. Basic rules of safety and behavior on the route can be read in the methodological development of the excursion. But the guide is obliged to notify the group about safety precautions immediately before the excursion. Tell us about all the nuances of the route. The most banal phrases about not sticking your head out the window of a bus and jumping while it’s moving must be heard. Since the guide takes responsibility for the group during the excursion, it is his task to talk about safety rules.

What should tourists be warned about?

Particular attention should be paid to road intersections and transitions (rope bridges, caves, tunnels, etc.). If the excursion is conducted outdoors, you should be warned about fire safety rules. It is also necessary to talk about the fact that you should not try mushrooms, touch various insects and animals with your hands, drink water from open reservoirs and walk barefoot.

It is worth taking care of the household items of the local population and the surrounding nature at the excursion site. In addition, persons who have undergone preliminary instruction and medical examination, as well as people who do not have health-related contraindications, should be allowed on excursions.

Today it is difficult to surprise people with familiar sights; ocean shores and palm trees are already a thing of the past. Now tourists are interested in all sorts of delights, which include industrial or social tourism.

What is the secret of popularity? Many office workers have no idea how factories work, and some are eager to see production. Moreover, this is a fashionable destination with virtually no competition, which is one of the few types of tourism activities for industrial zones or post-industrial centers.

Industrial excursions gained particular popularity in the early 2000s, when many “stopped” industrial facilities and disbanded military units appeared. Today everything has begun to change dramatically: people again feel the desire to develop and travel. Moreover, the start came from where many did not expect, the industry was “warmed up” by games. “Metro 2033”, the cult series “Fallout 4” and the newly discovered “Stalker” did the main thing, showing the audience the dark beauty of the post-industrial world.
If you are from Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk or any industrial city, you can start working on your client base.

It’s not difficult to create an interesting, and most importantly, unusual route for an industrial excursion. Any city, especially a large one, has industrial zones in addition to historical attractions, museums and architectural monuments. Particularly exciting are old, abandoned sites, oil and coal mines, or fully operational enterprises.

Objects for industrial tours

Take a closer look at your city and you will see many places that will pique the interest of visitors. Moreover, it could be the capital or distant and almost forgotten towns.

Examples for conducting industrial excursions in Russia:

Khavrinsky unfinished building (Moscow): the facility is located in Moscow and attracts the attention of extreme sports enthusiasts with its legends and myths. Today the ruins are surrounded by a fence and are guarded. You can enter the abandoned hospital building only with special permission.
Blue Crystal (Moscow): a high-rise building that was built as an educational and business center. The object may be interesting for excursions.
Old Nevyansky plant ( Sverdlovsk region): object of the metallurgical industry. Currently, it is one of the attractions for guests of the region.
“Fallen factories” (Baikalsk, Chapaevsk, Asbest): excursions are conducted to the sites of enterprises that have ceased to exist.
Metallurgy (Magnitogorsk): a region of heavy engineering, has many objects that are of interest throughout the world.

How to organize an excursion tour to an industrial zone, where to start

To organize such an excursion, it is necessary to develop a route. Knowing the city well, this is quite easy to do. You just need to highlight several starting points for a self-driving tour and a walking tour. After execution road map with a list of routes, you must place it on the website.

Website creation. An important point for any tourism activity. An important point is that the site should offer several tours with different routes.

Tours to the territory of factories and non-operating industrial “attractions” differ significantly in organizational issues. This is due to the convenience of access, the opportunity to spend some time directly on site and the safety of tourists. It is better not to linger in the emergency buildings of old workshops and follow the route.

How to organize a tour of an existing enterprise

It is necessary to request permission from the plant management for possible visits to the enterprise by a group of tourists. This is due to the need to obtain a pass. The probability of success in this case will not be 100%, and the time of the excursion is chosen by the enterprise, as well as by the responsible person from its staff.

When planning an excursion, it is imperative to study the history of the development of the plant, which is an excursion object. The group leader must understand the equipment and know what each object is, have accurate information and clearly answer questions.

An important point is the form of ownership of the object; if it is a state company, it is quite possible to obtain permission to conduct tours.

Excursions to inactive objects

Excursions can be scheduled for a specific date or conducted on an individual basis, so you need to set a collection date for tourists.

Development of an event plan. It is necessary to lead the group harmoniously. Attention should also be paid to the placement of people and the movement of the group. It is important that all visitors can hear the guide’s story and see all the interesting places and features of the object.

Types of excursions, details about the main things

There are three types of excursions to the industrial zone:

External: the tour takes place in the city and near an industrial site. This type is classified as introductory, as it does not allow you to see the work of an industrial company from the inside. Such excursions are of interest to city guests who want to see all the sights of the region in a short period of time.
Internal: a group of tourists has the opportunity not only to inspect objects from afar, but also to plunge into the atmosphere of the company. It is worth noting that you can visit the industrial zone only after a preliminary agreement with the company management. It is also necessary to take into account the possible presence of a access system at the enterprise.
Stalker: the group is invited to visit abandoned enterprises, plants, factories, military bases. In Russia, stalker excursions are also conducted in old “extinct” villages.

Excursions to an industrial zone are the best marketing tool for a certain territory. That is why it is worth considering this direction not only for private entrepreneurs, but also for local authorities in order to attract investors to a certain facility.

How much money do you need to start?

To organize activities you will need to invest 10 thousand rubles. The experience of “experienced” entrepreneurs shows that industrial tourism does not require significant costs. The exception is for self-driving tours; you need a car with all-wheel drive and an average level of comfort in the cabin. The costs in this case will be from 700 thousand rubles, which also includes the price vehicle. The most difficult thing is to plan a route along “abandoned” roads. This word should mean not only enterprises, but also empty villages. This perfect place and for organizing on the ground. You will need a full-fledged campsite or camping, if you are planning a tour for several days. In this case, the costs will exceed 1 million rubles.

The simplest version of city excursions will require no more than 5 thousand at the start of the activity. Low investments must be compensated by the organizational talent of the entrepreneur, since absolutely all the work will be done by him.