The worst catastrophes on the Kuril Islands. Monstrous echo ocean depths

In North-Kurilsk, the expression "live, as on the volcano" you can use without quotes. On the island of Paramushir - 23 volcanoes, five of them valid. Ebeko, located in seven kilometers from the city, from time to time comes to life and produces volcanic gases.

In the calm and under the western wind, they reach North-Kurilsk - the smell of hydrogen sulfide and chlorine is not impossible. Usually in such cases, the Sakhalin Hydrometeo Center transmits a storm warning about air pollution: toxic gases it is easy to poison. The eruptions in Paramushire in 1859 and 1934 caused mass poisoning of people and pets of domestic animals. Therefore, volcanologists in such cases call on the city's inhabitants to use masks to protect the respiratory and filters for water purification.

The place for the construction of North-Kurilsk was chosen without a volcanic examination. Then, in the 1950s, the main thing was to build a city not lower than 30 meters above sea level. After the tragedy of 1952, the water seemed terrible to fire.

In the fall of 1952, the country lived in an ordinary life. In the Soviet press, the "truth" and "Izvestia" did not fall like a line: neither about tsunami on smoke, no about thousands dead people. The picture of what happened can be restored only by memoirs of eyewitnesses, and rare photos.

Classified tsunami

A wave of Tsunami after an earthquake in Japan to the Kuril Islands. Low, one and a half meter. And in the fall of 1952 east Coast Kamchatka, Paramushir Islands and Schisha were on the first line of the impact of the elements. The North Curil Tsunami of 1952 was one of the five largest in the entire history of the twentieth century.

The city of North-Kurilsk was destroyed. Smithy Curil and Kamchatka Village, Levashovo, Reef, Stony, Coastal, Galkino, Ocean, Podoror, Major Van, Shelekhovo, Savushkino, Kozyrevsky, Babushkino, Baikovo ...

The writer Arkady Strugatsky, who served in those years on the smokers by a military translator, participated in the elimination of the consequences of the tsunami. From a letter to brother in Leningrad:

"... I was on the island of Sumuyu (or Schisha - look for the southern tip of Kamchatka). What I saw there, I did and survived - I can not write yet. I can not only write what I visited where the disaster I wrote about you , gave himself to know especially strongly.

Black Island Sumuisu, the island of wind Sumuyu, in the cliff-wall Sumurus beats the ocean wave.

The one who was at the survey was at that night for surperson, remembers how the ocean went to the surprise;

Like on Persia Sumui, and at Doti Surusa, and the ocean collapsed on the roofs with a roof;

As in the hollows, surmissau, and in the trenches, surmissau - in the naked huts, the ocean is launched.

And the next morning, surhuma, to the walls-rocks, a lot of corpses, surprise, made a quiet ocean.

Black Island Sumuyu, Fear Island Surusa. Who lives at Sumu, he looks at the ocean.

These verses splash, impressed by the seid and heard. I do not know how from a literary point of view, but from the point of view of the facts - everything is correct ... "

In those years, the work on the accounting of residents in North-Kurilsk was not really established. Seasonal workers, classified military units, whose composition did not disclose. According to the official report, about six thousand people lived in North Kurilsk in 1952.

The 82-year-old Yuzhnosahalinets Konstantin Mondays in 1951 went with his comrades to Kuriles, to work out. They built at home, plastering the walls, helped to install reinforced concrete communals at the fish fabric. In those years, there were many visitors in the Far East: they arrived at the recruitment, worked out the term established by the contract.

Everything happened on the night from 4 to 5 November. Host, I was still, well, the thing is young, came from the street late, the hour is already two or three. I lived then on the apartment, I took a room from the family countryman, too, from Kuibyshev. Only it was - what is? House shook. The owner screams: get up quickly, dress - and on the street. He had already lived there for no first year, he knew what he was, - tells Constantine Mondays.

Konstantin ran out of the house, lit. The land was noticeably shaking under his feet. And suddenly the shooting, screams, noise heard from the shore. In the light of the ship spotlights from the bay, people fled. "War!" - They shouted. So, at least, the guy appeared at the beginning. Later I understood: Wave! Water!!! From the sea towards sobes, where she stood the brother, they were self-propelled. And with all Konstantin ran afterwards, upstairs.

From the report of Senior Lieutenant State Security P. Shreyabina:

"... We did not have time to walk to Rotadel, as you heard a lot of power noise, then cracking from the sea. Looking around, we saw a great height of the water shaft, which occurred from the sea to the island ... I gave an orders to open a shooting of personal weapons and scream : "There is water!", At the same time, retreating to the hills. Hearing noise and screams, people began to run out of the apartments in what were dressed (most in underwear, barefoot) and run to the hill. "

- Our path to the hits lay through a ditch of a meter wide three, where wooden carriages were laid for the transition. Next to me, choking, fled a woman with a five-year-old kid. I grabbed the child in an oakha - and with him he jumped a ditch, where only the strength took. And the mother has moved along the aircraft, "Constantine Mondays told.

On the elevation, army blockages were located, where the exercises were held. There are people there and settle down to warm up - stood November. These blockages and become their refuge for the next few days.

Three waves

After the first wave was gone, many went down to find the missing relatives, release the cattle from Sarayev. People did not know: tsunami has a greater wavelength, and sometimes there are tens of minutes between the first and second.

From the report of P. Shreyabina:

"... After about 15-20 minutes after the departure of the first wave, the Water shaft was again rushed again and the quantity than the first. People thinking that everything was already over (many killed by the loss of their loved ones, children and property), descended From horses and began to settle in the surviving houses to warm up and dress themselves. Water, without meeting on its way of resistance ... I knocked on a land, completely destroying the remaining houses and buildings. This wave was destroyed by the whole city and most of the population died. "

And almost immediately the third wave took almost everything in the sea that was able to capture with him. Strait, separating Paramushir Islands and Schisha, was filled with floating houses, roofs and debris.

Tsunami, which was later named by the name of the destroyed city - "Tsunami in North-Kurilsk" - was caused by an earthquake in Pacific Ocean, 130 km from the coast of Kamchatka. An hour after a powerful (magnitude of about 9 points) an earthquake, the first wave of Tsunami reached North-Kurilsk. The height of the second, the most terrible, the waves reached 18 meters. According to official data, 2336 people died in North-Kurilsk.

Waves themselves Konstantin Mondays did not see. At first, he delivered refugees to the snow, then with several volunteers they went down and the long hours saved people, pulling them out of the water, removing from the roofs. The real extent of the tragedy has become clear later.

- went down to the city ... There we had a watchmaker, a good guy, legless. I look: the stroller is. And he himself lies near, dead. The soldiers fold the corpses on the Bricchka and take into the hill, there or in a fraternal grave, or as they also buried - God knows. And along the coast there were barracks, the spernial military unit. Saved one foreman, he was at home, and the whole company died. Covered their wave. KPZ stood, there were people, probably. Maternity hospital ... All died, - recalls Constantine.

From the letter Arcadia Strugatsky brother:

"The buildings were destroyed, the whole shore was afraid of the logs, plywood fragments, slices, gates and doors. There were two old ship artillery towers on the pier, they put the Japanese almost at the end of the Russian-Japanese war. Tsunami swept their meters for a hundred. When Dawn, with the mountains descended by those who managed to escape - men and women in underwear, trembling from cold and horror. Most of the inhabitants either sank, or lay on the shore ahead with logs and wreckage. "

Evacuation of the population spent promptly. After a short ringing of Stalin in the Sakhalin Obcol, all the available planes and plaques were sent to the disaster area. Konstantin, among about three hundred victims, turned out to be on a steamer "Amderma", completely scored fish. For people unloaded half of the coal trim, they threw tarpaulin.

Through the Korsakov brought to Primorye, where they lived for a while in very difficult conditions. But then "Upstairs" decided that the recruitment contracts need to work out, and sent everyone back to Sakhalin. There were no speech about any material compensation, well if you managed to at least confirm the experience. Konstantin was lucky: his head of work was alive and restored labor books and passports ...

Belorus Dmitry Galkovsky in 1952 was in the epicenter of one of the five powerful tsunami of the 20th century. He is now reluctant to reluctantly recall the events that occurred with him, an ordinary sailor of the Soviet fleet, more than 60 years ago on the Kuril Islands: "On board no longer climb and for big money. But on the beach would be half a day, although it has never been to the sea. "

On the night of November 5, a powerful earthquake near the coast of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands caused huge strength tsunami. For a few hours, three waves up to 18 meters were destroyed by the city of North-Kurilsk and about 15 villages. The ocean became a grave for various estimates, from 2.3 to 50 thousand people. In the Soviet press, there was no lines. The union was preparing to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the October Revolution.

"We had no choice"

A small green house with a carved porch in the center of Kostukovichi was lost among neighbors, newer. The fact that the witness of the story lives for the seven seals live here, few people know. A knock into the gate, barking dogs - 86-year-old Dmitry Andreevich comes out of the barn.

"Go around "He's a gentleman who passes me forward, seizes in a chair, offers tea." - I do not even know why you are interested in me. I just live my age ".

On the bed - a memorable medal from the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia "Marshal Vasily Chuikov", a memorial address and a blue shirt. Their Dmitry Andreyevich was presented by the head of the Kostyukovichi Rocus Vladimir Petrusevich on the day of the 25th anniversary of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Russian Federation For the impeccable ministry of civil defense, prevention and elimination of the effects of an emergency, qualitative performance of official duties and in connection with the 83th anniversary of the education of civil defense.

"I did not wear more- Smiling pensioner, unfolding gifts. - Maybe Mike in the summer will come in handy. Yes, I had to hard for this medal. "

Dmitry Andreevich graduated from a biennial craft school in Klimovichi - he himself from there. And he was one of his first students. For a short time he worked as a turn in local agriculturalization, as a recruiter appeared in the city.

"The work of people then recruited. I agreed to work to the turner in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. We had 7 children in the family, we were starving. And I was the eldest - it was necessary to make money. So I went so far, "explains the pensioner.

From there he was called to the army. Dmitry Andreevich, together with thousands of recruits, first sent to Komsomolsk-on-Amur, then to the city of Soviet harbor on the shore of the Tatar Strait.

"There we gathered 25 thousand people - and recruits, and those who demobilized. We were fed 6 military kitchens. And if I forgot where your tent is, - you will not find: the same whole city- remembers grandfather. - Conscripts of the month were checked to choose the strongest and healthy - only such sent to the sea, because what is there health care? And we did not have the choice where to serve. I have passed the test. In the Tatar strait, we went to the Okhotsk Sea and the Pacific Ocean. On the road of recruits, they delivered the Kuril Islands: the military were probably on each of them. "

Two years "Underwater"

Private Galkovsky appointed a motorist. For two years, he performed the captain teams: a full move, small, stop, back. Sea saw infrequently - "Was underwater", in the engine room.

"I remember, wanted to undermine our ship Japanese. We walked on neutral waters to Okhotsk Sea.. Dragged all the hatches so that there was not enough air. Two died - suffocated, "recalls Dmitry Andreevich and looks into the window thoughtfully. Silent.

He then briefly tells how to fight - with the waves, with himself, to help comrades: "I swelled normally, and others, with the form of such strong lines, so turned out - it was terrible to look. In the storm, of course, more than once fell, especially in the bay. But I did not see them, I felt just how the ship goes to the walker. It was both that threw from the wall to the wall. "

Private Galkovsky served on the light ships - boats, self-propelled barges. I didn't want to get on the steamer, although I could. Perhaps the decision to remain at the same place and saved him life on the night of November 5, 1952.

"People shouted not with their own voices."

"That day I was on the very far island - Schisha. We commanded us General of the Duca (Mikhail Ilyich - Hero Soviet Union, Veteran of the Great Patriotic War. - approx. Tut.BY). On November 4, I was driving it with Paramushira to Schisha - it is about 5 km. Went on the boat. Suddenly the sea moved, boiled, the earth shook slightly. Summerly all soldiers jumped out, and then squeezed songs when they realized that it was not an enemy. Then the situation on the islands was tense was, we were constantly waiting for an alarm signal. We lived under the ground - in bunkers. There was my bed - with the address, name. So I didn't even have to stay near her - I stayed at the boat. Therefore, I survived, "recalls Dmitry Andreevich.

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Private Galkovsky did not see how the wave was going dark. He just heard how the tsunami is coming. Then the logs flew, trash, crackled. Light boat rose to the most crest of the wave, and then he "grunted" down. Water ripped a lightweight vessel to pieces.

Belorus and some of his colleagues saved big ship. They were fed, warmed up, contributed to the lists of survivors. Most people died. Most likely, many of them drowned in those most underground bunkers, pensioner believes.

"It was terrible. I remember how people shouted not with their own voices: "Sauce!". And who will save? Go, you are able to make them in the Pacific Ocean, "Dmitry Andreevich shakes his head and says that practically nothing remembers anything about the day or on the next month. "I remember just asked how to get to me." And they told me that there are no more parts of my: all died, the banner drowned. As we sent from the islands, I do not remember, I came to myself only in Vladivostok. I was commissioned. The legs injured, but I moved, although it was hurt. It seems another finger on his hand was broken. "

Galkovsky says he did not know that they were silent about the tsunami, and the information was classified. But no one asked him to hide where he was and what survived: "And who will say? The commanders were drowned. "

Tsunami 1952 barely unleashed nuclear war. In North-Kurilsk there was a border shop, the Soviet military bases and shock parts directed against the United States and Japan were located on the islands. After hitting the first wave from one of the warships, a panic telegram came from which it was not clear what was happening. Moscow decided, the nuclear strike is nuclear. However, the commander of the Navy convinced that this is due to an earthquake that was felt in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

In a few hours, the tsunami wave reached the Hawaiian Islands at 3000 km from Kuril. Flood on the island of Midway (Hawaii, USA), caused by the North Curil Tsunami.
On the site of the former North Curilsk. June 1953.

"Land Belarus is closer"

Without after another 1.5 years, Dmitry Andreevich returned to Klimovichi, "wondered - and got a job." First - in the village of High Klimovichsky district, the excavator. Then he worked on the alcohol. After met the future wife.

"From Dnepropetrovsk, the Sabero in Klimovichi was. In the evening, as I remember, I washed, and he says: "Let's go. A friend came by car - we will go to get acquainted with a good girl. " She worked as a nurse at the Kostyukovichi Hospital, - a pensioner remembers with a smile. - Since then, we are together. I moved behind her ... My Olga Arkrochna died. Long".

Children - twins Irina and Victor - often visiting the old man. Daughter comes every day at lunch. Dmitry Andreevich says she helps him very much and supports him. And the pensioner himself at leisure collects the tractor.

"With a shatter, I collect homemade," the grandfather says without pride and leads to the barn. Rex's watchdoggy dog \u200b\u200bjoyfully rushes towards the owner, licks his hands. The future tractor Dmitry Galkovsky is embarrassed with his legs on the leg: - Well, something like it turns out. I do not know if he will work, but I plan to plow the garden on it. By the spring I want to collect. "

A former sailor admits that after the army never was at sea. Yes, and does not really want - except to relax on the beach.

"The ocean does not dream. I will live on earth - she is Belorus closer, " - Speaking goodbye to Dmitry Galkovsky. Finally, it is interested in the weather in the near future - it is experiencing that his beloved cherry wind is strongly trepal: " She gives a lot of berries every year. Delicious - sweet, large. You come, I will treat. "

And also adds that he is not the only Belarusian who survived the tsunami on the smokers. Just about people, as he, do not know and are not told in schools.

November 5, 1952- in the ocean not far from the southern tip Kamchatsky Peninsula, It happened earthquake 9 points And it led to the destruction of some settlements Sakhalin and Kamchatka regions. Arising from this tsunami(The wave height reached 13 - 18 m) in fact completely demolished the city of North-Kurilsk (O-in Paramushir).

On the island of Paramushir - 23 volcanoes, five of them valid. Ebeko, located in seven kilometers from the city, from time to time comes to life and produces volcanic gases.

In the calm and under the western wind, they reach North-Kurilsk - the smell of hydrogen sulfide and chlorine is not impossible. Usually in such cases, the Sakhalin Hydrometeo Center transmits a storm warning about air pollution: toxic gases it is easy to poison. The eruptions in Paramushire in 1859 and 1934 caused mass poisoning of people and pets of domestic animals. Therefore, volcanologists in such cases call on the city's inhabitants to use masks to protect the respiratory and filters for water purification.

The place for the construction of North-Kurilsk was chosen without a volcanic examination. Then, in the 1950s, the main thing was to build a city not lower than 30 meters above sea level.

But in the fall of 1952, the eastern coast of Kamchatka, the islands of Paramushir and Schumay were on the first line of the impact of the elements. The North-Kuril Tsunami of 1952 became one of the five largest in the history of the twentieth century.

The city of North-Kurilsk was destroyed. Smithy Curil and Kamchatka Village, Levashovo, Reef, Stony, Coastal, Galkino, Ocean, Podoror, Major Van, Shelekhovo, Savushkino, Kozyrevsky, Babushkino, Baikovo ...

The population of North-Kurilsk to the tragedy was about six thousand people. On Paramushir, on the night of 4 to 5 November, the population was awakened by an earthquake. The furnaces were destroyed; Tableware and other home apparatus fell from the shelves; Plusted water from the buckets. Frightened people ran out of houses. After stopping the jolts, which lasted for several minutes, most of the population began to return to the house. However, some noticed that the sea retreated from the rocky shore to a distance of about 0.5 km. Those who were previously familiar with the tsunami, mostly fishermen, rushed to the mountains, despite the calm sea.

The focus of underwater earthquake It was relatively close (within the smoke-Kamchatsky deep-water gutter). In the Pacific Ocean, 200 kilometers to the southeast of Petropavlovsk, over the epicenter of the earthquake, seized the seaside wave. Accelerating run and strength, climbing above, she rushed to the shores of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. After 40 minutes, she grew up to eight meters and soaked the land. Nizans and the assisting parts of the river valleys were flooded. She had the greatest height In the central part of the city, where she rolled through the river valley. A few minutes later, the wave fluttered into the sea. Cutting from the cliffs of the earth along with trees and shrubs, carrying out rich prey to the ocean. She slipped outfits of border guards, going to the edge of the shore, guarding, boats, boats and kungas, wooden buildings. The bottom of the Strait was exposed for several hundred meters. Consision came.

After 15-20 minutes. The second, a latter wave, a 10-meter height, collapsed on the city. She struck especially strong destruction, washing off all the buildings. Behind the wave on the spot, only cement foundations of houses remained. After passing through the city, the wave reached the slopes of the mountains, after which it began to ride back to the hollow, located closer to the city center. Here formed a huge whirlpool, in which the fragments of buildings and small vessels rotated at high speed. Holting, the wave struck from the rear to the coastal in front of the port area, at which several houses were preserved, and around the mountains broke into the Kuril Strait. On the jumper between this island and the mountain of the wave of the pile of a pile of logs, drawers and even brought two houses from the city.

A few minutes after the second wave came a weaker, third wave, which carried a lot of debris ashore.

And the country lived ordinary life. Neither a lines did not fall into the Soviet press about the tragedy: the streets are dressed, the Soviet people with enthusiasm meets the 35th anniversary of the Great October! What is here here north Curil Tsunami! The number of his victims is still unknown, according to official data, 2336 people died in North-Kurilsk in North Kurilsk. And in the museum of the city, independent research data is given: adults - 6060, children under 16 - 1742; Total - 7802 people. But these are only victims among the civilian population, but there were still military, zacks (and these, in general, no one considered), so we can talk from 13-17 thousand dead

After catastrophe On the site of the city of North-Kurilsk, an almost empty area of \u200b\u200bseveral square kilometers was formed. On the existence of the city here only resemble individual foundations of buildings demolished waves thrown out of the roof of houses, the central gates of the former stadium and the lonely standing monument to the soldiers of the Soviet Army.

In the village, drowning all production facilities and buildings were completely destroyed and demolished in the ocean. There remained only one residential building and stable ...

With the onset of dawn over the islands, intelligence aircraft from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky appeared, which produced a photographing of the terrain. With aircraft, we dumped with people warm things, blankets, tents and food for the population, which was saved by the fires. Then a significant part of the population was evacuated to Sakhalin.

North Curilsk Bay Our days

Many destroyed villages and border outposts have not been restored. The population of the islands declined greatly. North-Kurilsk rebuilt anew, pushed him out of the ocean, as far as the relief allowed. As a result, he was in an even more dangerous place - On the cone of the removal of mud streams of the Ebekov volcano, one of the most active on the smoke. The population of the city is currently about 3 thousand people. Catastrophe initiated the creation of B. the USSR Warning service O. tsunamiwhich is now in a sad state due to bench financing. Against this background, it looks funny statements by the Russian authorities, which, having such a service, we are insured against a disaster like tsunami 2004 in South-East Asia .

The program is "loud-term tsunami under the vulture of secret." True on Tsunami in North-Kurilsk- November 5, 1952.