Bridge structures in Kolomna. Modern Kolomna Bridge

03.05.2020

It’s not for nothing that St. Petersburg is called the city of bridges. For the most part, it is built on the islands. Through the rivers, lakes and ponds connecting them, there is a large number of bridges. There are a total of 342 of them within the city.

The Griboedovsky Canal, like other waterways of the city, is rich in bridges. Its banks are connected by 21 bridges. One of them is Kolomensky, located in the Admiralteysky district of St. Petersburg.

At first glance, it is not as interesting to tourists as the Malo-Konyushenny and Teatralny bridges, which make up a single architectural structure. Or, for example, the spectacular Lions Bridge, also located on the Griboyedov Canal. But this bridge also has its own interesting history.

The word “first” can be applied to it twice.

Kolomna Bridge was the first wooden bridge spanning the Griboedovsky Canal. It was built in 1906. It was a modest pedestrian crossing, which did not have any architectural design, but was necessary to connect the Kolomensky and Pokrovsky islands. The name of the bridge was taken from Kolomna, the ancient name of the region of St. Petersburg, which has been preserved to this day. most ordinary buildings of the 19th century.

There are several versions of the origin of the name “Kolomna” in St. Petersburg, and each of them has the right to exist. The version published in 1834 in the newspaper “Northern Bee” is considered the most reliable. The newspaper wrote that the name “Kolomna” was brought from the village of Kolomenskoye by artisans who moved to St. Petersburg in the 18th century. One thing is certain: in ancient Rus' this word was used to designate new settlements. This name appears quite often on old maps. The most famous Kolomna in our time is a city in the Moscow region.

But, let's return to our bridge. After sixty years of its existence, the wooden Kolomna crossing fell into disrepair. The luminary of mineralogy Vladimir Ilyich Kryzhanovsky, artist-technologist Nikolai Georgievich Bonch-Osmolovsky, engineers Artemyeva andDvorkin. And here the Kolomensky Bridge again won the palm - it became the first aluminum bridge in the USSR.

In the middle of the 20th century, a unique pedestrian bridge was put into operation. By that time, there was only one aluminum bridge in the world. It was an automobile, and built in Canada in 1949-1950. For Soviet Union, and in general for continental Europe, it was a new word in science and architecture.

The design of the bridge is unique. The load-bearing elements are aluminum pipes with a diameter of 270 mm, bent in the form of a double-hinged arch. The entire bridge is all-welded. The total weight of the span is 8.108 tons.

The bridge is covered with asphalt concrete on a corrugated slab. Metal railings are made in the form of vertical rods connected by an upper handrail. The entrance to the bridge is decorated with lanterns that support unadorned vertical bars. Five-step stairs and parapets are made of granite.

All welding work was carried out in St. Petersburg (at that time, Leningrad) by craftsmen of the Severnaya Verf shipyard. In 1969, after strength tests, the bridge was truck They brought it to the installation site, and since then it has stood proudly on the granite shore supports of the Griboyedov Canal.

In the years when it was installed new bridge, the neighborhoods in which it is located (Repin Square and Lomonosov Square) were very densely populated, and the life of this area was quite dynamic.

Now, due to the resettlement of communal apartments, activity has decreased, and the functionality of the Kolomensky Bridge has also decreased, but it, as before, remains a historical and architectural landmark of St. Petersburg.

So named based on the historical name of the St. Petersburg district - Kolomna, the Kolomna Bridge is located across the Griboyedov Canal, in the alignment of Volodya Ermak Street. It is interesting that the concept of “Kolomna” has its roots in ancient times, when this term was used to name villages. Some of them have survived to this day, such as the city of Kolomna, Moscow region.

In the middle of the 18th century, when this name for the district appeared in St. Petersburg, this concept was already outdated and was not used to name new settlements. Some historians of St. Petersburg explain the origin of this name from the inaccuracy of pronunciation of foreign words. In particular, it is known that in the 1730s the architect D. Trezzini called the straight clearings he drew through the swampy forest “columns”. It is believed that it was from these “columns” that the modified name of the area came - Kolomna. This name is also associated with the term “colony”, since quite a lot of foreigners lived in this area.

One way or another, in the old days, the city blocks close to the Kolomensky Bridge were very densely populated, which is why life in the area of Lomonosov and Repin Squares was literally in full swing. With the gradual settlement of communal apartments, the pace of life here subsided and became almost sleepy, which is why Kolomensky Bridge lost its special significance.

The wooden Kolomna Bridge appeared on the Griboyedov Canal in 1906, had pile supports and was 2.4 meters wide. In 1968-1969, a modern building, which at that time became one of the most interesting pedestrian bridges in St. Petersburg. The authors of his project - engineers I. N. Artemyeva, V. I. Kryzhanovsky, B. E. Dvorkin and N. G. Bonch-Osmolovsky, decided for the first time in the USSR to make a bridge from an aluminum alloy, the load-bearing elements of which were aluminum pipes with a diameter of 270 mm, curved in the form of a 2-hinged arch of a panel-frame system. The bridge covering was made of asphalt concrete, which was laid on a corrugated slab. The supports of the structure on pile foundations, made of monolithic concrete, were lined with granite. The entrances to the Kolomensky Bridge were decorated with open granite five-step staircases with baroque-type railings. Floor lamps on granite pedestals, made of metal pipes and having different diameters, are intricately woven into the arrays of railings. The bridge's fences were sections of frequently spaced rods of square cross-section. The length of the built crossing, distinguished by its laconic design, was 37 meters, width - 2.8 meters.

The Kolomna pedestrian bridge spans the Griboyedov Canal at the alignment of Volodya Ermak Street, below the Alarchin and above the Malo-Kalinkin bridges. This is a single-span aluminum all-welded structure with a length of 32.6 meters and a width of 2.75 meters.

Kolomensky is the third in the world, the first and only all-welded aluminum bridge in our country. The span structure is an original double-hinged arch system made of two pipes and connecting elements that provide the necessary rigidity and strength. The bridge abutments are concrete on a pile foundation, lined with granite.

The bridge has a railing in the form of metal pedestalless gratings. simple drawing. The entrances to the bridge are made in the form of open granite five-step stairs with granite parapets. LED lights are installed on floor lamps made of metal pipes.

History of the bridge

The first crossing over the Catherine Canal (now the Griboedov Canal) at the Abolished Lane (now Volodya Ermak Street) was built in 1906. It was a wooden temporary bridge, which was built during the repair of the Malo-Kalinkin and Alarchina bridges: a modest pedestrian crossing that does not have any architectural design, but is necessary to connect the Kolomensky and Pokrovsky islands. The bridge was a wooden three-span braced system, had two abutments and two piers, each of double rows of piles connected on top by caps, and at the water horizon by longitudinal and transverse bonds. The size of the middle span was 10.67 meters, the outer ones were 6.6 meters each... The total width of the entire bridge was 12.46 meters.

The bridge took its name from Kolomna, the ancient name of the region of St. Petersburg, which has preserved to this day most of the ordinary buildings of the 19th century.

The bridge was rebuilt several times in wood. By the mid-1930s, it was a three-span wooden structure on pile supports with a span of metal beams. Its length was 34.3 meters, width - 2.3 meters.

In 1967, on the initiative of Professor V.I. Kryzhanovsky, at the Department of Metal Structures LISI was developed preliminary design welded aluminum bridge from spatial system trusses - the first in the USSR. The construction of the bridge was carried out in 1968-1969; on September 30, 1969, the bridge was opened to traffic. This is the first and so far only all-welded aluminum bridge. Welding of aluminum spans was carried out at the shipbuilding plant named after. A.A. Zhdanov, they were completely transported and installed in place.

In 2016, the Lensvet State Unitary Enterprise installed four LED lights on the bridge and connected them to lighting networks.

Additional Information

This single-span bridge has survived to this day in almost its original form - only the shape of the lamps has changed. Its baroque-shaped granite stairs and light, almost airy design organically fit into the architectural landscape of Kolomna. The name “Kolomna,” according to the most common version, was brought by artisans from the village of Kolomenskoye near Moscow, who resettled to St. Petersburg in the 1730s-1740s.

In some sources you can read that the Kolomensky Bridge was the first aluminum bridge in the world, but this is not true. In 1948-1950, a 150-meter aluminum road bridge was built in the Canadian city of Arvida in northern Quebec.

Kolomensky Bridge is a single-span pedestrian bridge over the Griboyedov Canal in the Admiralteysky district of St. Petersburg. It connects Kolomensky and Pokrovsky islands. Located in the alignment of Volodya Ermak Street (old name - Abolished Lane).

Construction type - double-hinged arch.
The main span is 27.32 m.
The total length of the bridge is 27.93 m.
The width of the bridge is 2.28 m.
Structure height - 1.4 m,
slope - 8%,
design boom - 0.99 m.

The load-bearing elements are aluminum pipes with a diameter of 270 mm, bent in the form of a double-hinged arch of a parallel frame system. The structure that transfers the loads to the arches is a three-dimensional, curved along the facade system of four walls inclined along the length of the bridge, which serve as supports for a corrugated aluminum alloy bridge. Thickness structural elements ranges from 8 to 14 mm. Every 3 m there are transverse diaphragms protruding on the façade in the form of stiffening ribs. The entire bridge is all-welded. The total weight of the span is 8.108 tons.

The bridge is covered with asphalt concrete on a corrugated slab. The bridge supports are constructed of monolithic concrete on a pile foundation. Metal railings are made in the form of vertical rods connected by an upper handrail. Granite openings are built at the corners, on which are installed vertical rods without decorations that support the lanterns. The entrances to the bridge are made in the form of open granite five-step stairs with granite parapets.

The name of the bridge comes from the Kolomna district of St. Petersburg, located on the territory of the present Kolomensky and Pokrovsky islands.

The first wooden bridge on this site across the Catherine Canal (now the Griboyedov Canal) was built in 1906. It had pile supports with metal spans and was 2.4 meters wide; it had no architectural design. The bridge survived the war, but by the middle of the 20th century it fell into disrepair.

In 1967, on the initiative of Professor Vladimir Ilyich Kryzhanovsky, supported by specialists from Lenmostotrest, a preliminary design of a welded aluminum bridge was developed at the Department of Metal Structures of LISI. LISI employee I.P. took part in the development of the project. Artemyeva and artist-technologist Nikolai Georgievich Bonch-Osmolovsky, and Lengiproinzhproekt engineer B.E. Dworkin. All welding work was carried out in St. Petersburg (at that time, Leningrad) by craftsmen of the Severnaya Verf shipyard. The construction of the bridge was carried out within 1 year: in 1968 - 1969, on September 30, 1969, the bridge was opened to traffic.

This was the first bridge in the USSR (and, apparently, in continental Europe) whose span structure was made of welded aluminum pipes. Sometimes you can read that the Kolomna Bridge was the first aluminum bridge in the world, but this is not true: back in 1949 - 1950, a 150-meter aluminum road bridge was built in the Canadian city of Shipshaw in northern Quebec; in 1955, an aluminum bridge was built across the Oxford Canal in Hardwick, England.

Directions: metro station "Sadovaya" (2 km).

Kolomna Bridge over the Griboyedov Canal. View from Rimsky-Korsakov Ave. Photo: 2014.

The entrances to the bridge crossing were decorated with open five-step granite staircases with baroque-type railings. Floor lamps on pedestals lined with grant are intricately woven into the arrays of railings. The rods for the lamps are made of metal pipes of different diameters. Photo: 2014.

Kolomensky Bridge. Photo: 2014.

Kolomensky Bridge (fragment of a granite staircase). Photo: 2014.

View from the Kolomensky Bridge to the Griboyedov Canal: the area where the canal, turning, flows into the Fontanka River. In the center of the photo you can see the Apartment House (No. 135-137), behind it (to the left) is the Gap House of the 4th Admiralty (Kolomenskaya) part and a three-tiered brick tower above it. Photo: 2014.

View from the Kolomensky Bridge to the Griboedov Canal in the opposite direction: on. Photo: 2014.

Kolomensky Bridge, pedestrian part. The bridge guard is made in separate sections with frequently spaced square bars. Photo: 2014.

Kolomna Bridge (fragment). Photo: 2014.

Kolomensky Bridge, view from the even side of the Griboyedov Canal embankment. Photo: 2014.

Kolomna Bridge from the even side of the Griboyedov Canal embankment. Photo: 2014.

Kolomensky Bridge. Photographer at work.

Kolomna Bridge from the even side of the Griboyedov Canal embankment.

Kolomna Bridge from the side of Alarchin Bridge. Photo: 2014.

Vozlyadovskaya A.M., Guminenko M.V., photo, 2006-2015

Bridge structures- the most important element transport infrastructure of the city of Kolomna, ensuring connectivity of all urban areas, forming a unified urban transport environment. Three rivers flow through the city large rivers and several small rivers, the banks of which are connected by bridges of various designs. Most of the city's bridges are not of cultural value - they are not included in the lists cultural heritage, however, each of them preserves its own part of the history of this ancient city.

History of bridge construction in Kolomna

More than a dozen pedestrian, road and railway bridges and bridge structures have been built in the city. The oldest bridges in the city are considered to be the bridge over Kolomenka (Zaprudny) and the Bobrenevsky pontoon bridge, known since the Middle Ages.

In 1861, engineer A.E. Struve built the first railway bridge on the Moscow River, which served as an impetus for the development of the city as a center of transport engineering in Russia.

The real heyday of bridge construction in the city was the second half of the 20th century, when more than a dozen bridges were built and reconstructed.

Automotive bridge structures

Road bridges, the most common type of bridge, play a vital role in a city's transport system. The most ancient bridges in the city are pontoon bridges, which were often built on the site of ancient ferry crossings or fords

Kolychevsky overpass

The Kolychevsky overpass connects the youngest district of the city - Kolychevo - with the rest of the city. The overpass was erected after the settlement of the Kolychevo microdistrict in the 1980s. On November 5, 1986, the overpass was launched tram line. Before the overpass was put into operation, car traffic towards Kolychev was organized through a railway crossing, the remains of which were preserved to the west of the overpass. To the east of the overpass there is an abandoned ring tram line, which allows trams to turn around at the final station. The overpass is single-level. The Ozyorskaya line passes under the overpass railway And highway. The length of the overpass is about 200 meters. The height of the overpass reaches 10 meters. The overpass was built with a bend of about 60 degrees.

Zaprudny Bridge or Bridge over Kolomenka

Zaprudny Bridge or Bridge over Kolomenka - key bridge transport system Kolomna and one of oldest bridges cities. The bridge connects the Zaprudov, Gorodishche and Sandyri districts with the main part of the city. Wooden bridge on the site of the modern bridge can be found in the sketches of M.F. Kazakov of the end of the 17th century. The modern bridge over Kolomenka was built in 1940. The length of the bridge is about 54 meters with a width of 12 meters. The bridge over Kolomenka is a beam structure with two supports. Reconstruction of the bridge is planned for 2012-13, as a result of which the length of the bridge will be increased to 78 meters with an increase in width to 21 meters.

Bridge at the skating center

The bridge at the Skating Center was erected in 2006 during the construction of the new building of the Kolomna Skating Center. The length of the bridge is about 40 meters. Traffic on the bridge is very low due to traffic restrictions at the equestrian center on the east side. The bridge is used to access the parking lot at the Skating Center. The bridge has single-lane vehicular traffic and pedestrian paths. The bridge was used to organize temporary traffic towards Moscow during repair work on the main bridge over Kolomenka.

Sandyrevsky Bridge (viaduct)

Sandyrevsky Bridge (viaduct) is located on the border of the Sandyri and Gorodishche districts. The length of the bridge is about 275 meters. The Kosterka River flows under the bridge. Four-lane two-way traffic is organized along the viaduct. In the 1980s, pedestrian zones were designated along the edges of the viaduct.

Shchurovsky Bridge

The Shchurovsky automobile bridge was built in 1956 after the village of Shchurovo was annexed to the city of Kolomna. Before this, the two settlements were connected by a pontoon bridge. The Shchurovsky automobile bridge is the most long bridge cities. It has four-lane vehicular traffic and pedestrian paths. The length of the bridge is about 1.1 kilometers.

Shchurovsky overpass

The Shchurovsky overpass was built in the 1980s for safe crossing railways. Before the construction of the bridge, there was a controlled railway crossing. The length of the overpass is about 150 meters.

Mityaevsky (Parfentievsky) pontoon bridge

Mityaevsky pontoon bridge or pontoon bridge in Yamki located at the end of Parokhodnaya Street. The bridge connects the village of Parfentyevo and nearby settlements with the city. Mityaevsky pontoon bridge is the only pontoon bridge in the city on which vehicular traffic is organized. Car traffic is carried out in one lane in reverse mode. The length of the bridge is about 220 meters. The width of the bridge does not exceed 6 meters. Reconstruction of the Mityaevsky Bridge is planned for 2013, as a result of which the length of the bridge will be 142 meters, including 87 meters - the exit part.

Railway bridge structures

Railway bridges played a vital role in the history of the city of Kolomna. The construction of the railway changed the structure of the city's economy, making it an important transport hub. The construction of bridges was entrusted to A.E. Struve, who subsequently, based on the workshops that assembled the bridges, founded the Kolomensky Plant - the largest enterprise in the city and one of the largest industrial enterprises in Russia.

Moskvoretsky Bridge

The bridge is the oldest railway bridge in the city. It was built in 1861. Initially, a temporary structure was erected on the site of the bridge to cross the river. The last reconstruction of the bridge was carried out in 2000-01.

Bridge over the Oka

The bridge was built in 1862, reconstruction of the mid-20th century. Just like the Mokvoretsky Bridge, a temporary crossing was created on the site of the Shchurovsky Bridge, on the site of which a permanent bridge was subsequently assembled. Subsequently, during the reconstruction of the bridge in the mid-20th century, the bridge was moved several meters to the north. Only the supports remain from the old bridge.

Tunnels

Tunnel on Parokhodnaya Street

The tunnel on Parokhodnaya Street is the only automobile tunnel in the city. The tunnel provides passage for passenger cars and trucks under the Moscow Railway tracks.

Pedestrian tunnel on Lebyadyansky Boulevard

The tunnel was created in the mid-1980s to organize a safe passage across the railway tracks near the Golutvin station on Lebedyansky Boulevard. Lebedyansky Boulevard is part of one of the main routes for workers of the Kolomensky plant, along which several thousand people pass every day. However, the tunnel’s not entirely favorable location did not make it convenient for crossing the railway tracks.

The pedestrian tunnel on the boulevard appears in one of the episodes of the film " Boomer».

Pedestrian bridges

Most of Kolomna's road bridges have pedestrian paths, but four bridges in the city are intended exclusively for pedestrian traffic. Most of these bridges carry traffic across the Moscow River, and one bridge is designed to safely cross the railway tracks near the Golutvin station.

Pedestrian bridge of Golutvin station

Pedestrian bridge railway station Golutvin is the only bridge over railway tracks in the city. The bridge has been reconstructed and rebuilt several times.

Bobrenevsky pontoon bridge

The Bobrenevsky pontoon bridge is one of the oldest surviving bridges in the city. Initially, on the site of the bridge there was ferry crossing, reflected in 1778 in the drawing of the Sviblova Tower by M.F. Kazakova. Subsequently, a pontoon bridge was built at the crossing site, which in 1921 gave the name to the adjacent street, which in 1945 became Zaitseva Street. Until the 2000s, vehicular traffic was organized across the bridge. The length of the bridge is about 65 meters.

Dam on the Kolomenka River

The dam on the Kolomenka River was erected in 1966, during the change of the river bed and the construction of a skating track (SDYUSH "Kometa"). Initially, pedestrian traffic was organized along the dam, but subsequently, after the construction of the Kolomna Skating Center, traffic was blocked. Currently, access to the dam is limited. The length of the bridge structure of the dam is about 20 meters. The dam regulates the spillway into the Moscow River, which avoids spring flooding of residential buildings and prevents the Kolomenka River from becoming shallow. A small backwater has formed to the south of the dam. The possibility of a major overhaul of the dam is currently being discussed.

Golutvinsky pontoon bridge

At the end of Golutvinskaya Street across the Moscow River there is the Golutvinsky pontoon bridge connecting the village of Sergievskoye and nearby settlements with the city. In 1990, the bridge was destroyed during the spring flood, but subsequently the bridge was restored after a long interval. Currently, the bridge carries only pedestrian traffic, although until the 1990s the bridge was also used for vehicular traffic. The length of the bridge is about 120 meters.

Promising bridges

Kolomna is a developing city. And, like every growing city, Kolomna requires the construction of new bridges. General plan development of Kolomna, developed in 2002 by the NIIPROEKT Institute, provides for the construction of the following bridges by 2020:

The second road bridge across Kolomenka as a continuation of the Stankostroiteley passage.
Two road bridges across the Oka River in the Oksky and Kolychevo districts.
Two pedestrian bridge across the Kolomenka river

It is also planned to reconstruct the Mityaevsky pontoon bridge to organize two-way traffic.

However, the low pace of work casts doubt on the implementation of these plans.

Dismantled bridges

Bridges over Repinka

Until the end of the 20th century, several bridges operated across Repinka. The most famous was the bridge with a gazebo in the area of the Trinity Church.

Pedestrian bridges over Kolomenka

The Kolomenka River has always divided the historical part of the city with its suburbs, so many bridges were built across the river, most of which were pedestrian. Most of these bridges were dismantled as the city's transport system developed, and the Zaprudny Bridge was replaced by a permanent stone bridge.

Catalog of bridges in Kolomna

No.	Name, length, year of construction	Location	Photo
	Shchurovsky automobile bridge orig: Shchurovsky automobile bridge Year of construction: 1951 Length: 700 m. Crosses: Oka Bridge number: 58	Moscow region /
	Shchurovsky railway bridge orig: Shchurovsky railway bridge Year of construction: 1864 Length: 650 m. Crosses: Oka Bridge number: 59	Moscow region /
	Kolychevsky overpass orig: Kolychevsky overpass Year of construction: 1985 Length: 550 m.	Moscow region /
	Shchurovsky overpass orig: Shchurovsky overpass Length: 500 m.	Moscow region /
	Sandyrevsky viaduct orig: Sandyrevsky viaduct Length: 300 m. Crosses: Bonfire	Moscow region /
	Moskvoretsky railway bridge orig: Moskvoretsky railway bridge Year of construction: 1861 Length: 250 m. Crosses: Moscow	Moscow region /
	Zaprudny Bridge over Kolomenka orig: Zaprudny Bridge over Kolomenka Length: 230 m. Crosses: Kolomenka	Moscow region /
	Bobrenevsky pontoon bridge orig: Bobrenevsky pontoon bridge Length: 135 m. Crosses: Moscow	Moscow region /