Is Vorobyovy Gory no longer a nature reserve? Natural reserve “Vorobyovy Gory.
Natural reserve " Sparrow Hills" - one of the most famous natural areas of Moscow, located on the steep bank of the Moskva River opposite the Luzhniki Stadium. Due to a certain connection with the nature reserve, it has become one of the most popular attractions in Moscow.
A steep cliff is called Sparrow Hills Teplostan Upland on the right bank of the Moskva River, stretching from the mouth of the Setun River to the Andreevsky Bridge. The height of the slope is up to 80 meters: thus, the word "mountains" in the name is symbolic, but such a landscape is unique for Moscow. Landslide processes, which historically interfered with capital construction and economy on Vorobyovy Gory, became an interesting natural feature of the area.
The area of the nature reserve is about 135 hectares; the slope landscape is cut by deep ravines and overgrown with broad-leaved forest. On the territory you can find 3 ponds - Bolshoi Andreevsky, Maly Andreevsky and Lesnoy - and several springs.
Since 2013, the territory has been transferred to .
Flora and fauna of Sparrow Hills
Most of the territory of the reserve is covered with broad-leaved forest, the most common tree in which is maple. Also on Vorobyovy Gory there are many oaks and birches, ash, aspen, elm and alder are found. The undergrowth is formed by shrubs: hazel (hazel), euonymus, honeysuckle and viburnum. Among the herbaceous cover, there are ferns and various forest and meadow flowers and grasses: runny, Fischer's carnation, multiflorous kupena, broad-leaved dremlik, meadow astragalus and others. In general, the flora of the reserve numbers about 400 species of plants, of which 43 are included in the Red Book of Moscow.
Some trees reach the age of 200-250 years, and ash trees, which are more than 300 years old, grow on the territory of the reserve.
The fauna of Sparrow Hills includes more than 100 species, of which a relatively small number of mammals (squirrels, hedgehogs, voles, forest mice, shrews, bats, moles) and almost a hundred different species of birds (chaffinch, greenfinch, corncrake, tufted duck, gray owl, goshawk, white-backed woodpecker, grosbeak and others), among which 37 are listed in the Red Book of Moscow. Amphibians are represented by grass and lake frogs, from reptiles there is an ordinary snake.
Ecological trails
Through the territory of the nature reserve there are 3 eco-trails: "On the slopes of Vorobyovy Gory", "Andreevskie ponds" and "On the terraces of Vorobyovy Gory".
Ecological trails are laid taking into account geological and natural features Vorobyovy Gory and help visitors navigate the natural diversity of the nature reserve. There are excursions along them (including free ones), and the trails are also available for independent visits.
For independent visitors, ecological tourist routes along which there are signs and stands with information on geological structure the slope and the plants and animals living on the Sparrow Hills, recreation areas and picnic points, as well as playgrounds for visitors with children are equipped.
Water bodies and springs
One of the attractions of the Sparrow Hills is cascade of Andreevsky ponds, including 2 ponds: Bolshoi and Maly Andreevsky, dug out at the turn of the 18-19th centuries. The ponds were named after the Andreevsky Monastery, in the past there was a small village near them, the inhabitants of which bred fish in the ponds. At present, the ponds are preserved in natural banks; the decorative qualities of the reservoirs attract visitors to the reserve and local residents.
Another pond of Sparrow Hills, less mentioned than Andreevskie - Forest. In the Forest pond, crucians and marsh frogs are found, reeds, egg capsules and cattails grow.
There are gazebos and picnic spots near the ponds, which have become a favorite resting place for the townspeople.
On the slopes of Vorobyovy Gory there are a number of springs, the most famous of which are a spring on the left side of the Ostroumovsky ravine, a spring at the foot of the landslide ledge and a spring below the monument to Alexander Herzen and Nikolai Ogarev. The listed springs are qualitatively landscaped, cleared and fortified, but in currently are rather decorative - it is not recommended to drink water from them.
Historical monuments of Sparrow Hills
On the territory of Vorobyovy Gory, in addition to noticeable natural features, there are a number of historical and cultural monuments.
Place of the Oath of Herzen and Ogarev - a granite stele located in a forest. The monument is decorated with portrait bas-reliefs of Herzen and Ogarev, the inscription is carved on the granite: "Here in 1827 the young men A. Herzen and N. Ogarev, who became great revolutionary democrats, took an oath to fight the autocracy without sparing their lives." The monument was opened in 1978.
Andreevsky male monastery was founded in 1648 in honor of the victory of Russian troops over the Crimean Tatars in the battle near Moscow in 1591.
Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Sparrow Hills was founded, presumably, in the 15th century and was rebuilt several times. Its origin is associated with the palace village of Vorobyovo that existed in the past, which, having received its name by the name of its first owners - the boyars Vorobyovs, subsequently gave the name to the entire historical area - Vorobyovy Gory.
Today Sparrow Hills - favorite place walks and recreation of the townspeople and a popular tourist attraction in the city. The territory is conducive to walking, quiet rest and sports, in addition, from the reserve you can go to two popular observation platforms: and .
By Vorobyovskaya embankment, bordering the reserve from the side of the river, there is a bicycle path along which you can get to Neskuchny garden and .
Natural reserve "Sparrow Hills" is located on the right bank of the Moskva River opposite the Luzhniki Stadium. You can get to it on foot from the metro station "Sparrow Hills" Sokolnicheskaya line.
History
The nature reserve was established in 1998. in fact, they are the edge of the Teplostan Upland, towering over the Moskva River. Due to landslides, steep slopes with a height of more than 80 m have escaped development, preserving their natural appearance. This is one of beautiful places Moscow, "business card" capital Cities.
History
The oldest footprints settlements on Sparrow Hills- settlements of the Dyakovo culture (VII century BC). The name of this area originated in the 15th century, when the wife of Vasily I, Princess Sophia, bought the village from Kirill Voroba (nephew of boyar Andrei Kobyla). Since then, the village has become a palace village: Vasily III, Ivan the Terrible, Alexei Mikhailovich, Peter I lived in it. Under Catherine II, a wooden palace from Volkhonka was transferred to the stone foundation of the old palace, but it did not last long. After Catherine's death, the dilapidated building was dismantled. Only the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity (known since the 17th century) has survived from the estate.
After the war of 1812, Alexander I approved A.L. Vitberg's project to build on Sparrow Hills(which the tsar called "the crown of Moscow") Cathedral of Christ the Savior. The grandiose earthworks began, which dragged on for many years. The new Tsar Nicholas I ordered an investigation, which showed the impossibility of "building a great temple on the slope of the Sparrow Hills" and the waste of huge sums of money. The foundations of the temple were transferred to the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, and Vitberg was exiled.
In 1935, it was renamed in honor of the leader of the revolution, V.I.Lenin, but in the 1990s they returned to their historical name.
In 1949 - 1953 at Lenin Hills ah colossal structures have grown: the complex of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (the height of the main building is 236 m), the observation deck (80 meters above the Moskva River) and a ski jump (70 m), which, thanks to a special coating, operates all year round. By 1958, the Luzhnetsky metro bridge and metro station were erected, and next to it was an escalator to ul. Kosygin (currently not in effect and will be dismantled). On the territory of Moscow State University (which is located outside the reserve), there are many parks, created Botanical Garden
for scientific research, and to the north there is a large apple orchard.
On the slope there is a monument to A.I. The two lamps at the top of the pylon symbolize progressive editions: almanac "Polar Star" and the newspaper "Kolokol", which they directed.
In the east, there is a manor, which since the 17th century belonged to the Saltykov boyars, and later to the Dolgorukov and Yusupov princes. In the 1750s, under the Moscow governor V. M. Dolgorukov, a palace and other buildings were built here, ponds were dug. After the fire of 1812, the estate was rebuilt by the architect D. Gilardi. Since 1831, Count M.A. Dmitriev-Mamonov, who suffered from fits of insanity - hence the name Mamonov's dacha ”. In the twentieth century, the institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences were located in the manor buildings.
Nearby is Andreevsky Monastery, founded, according to legend, back in the XIV century for the defense of the southern approaches to Moscow. In the 17th century, his patron of the arts, Boyar Fyodor Rtishchev, created the first school in Moscow here. In the 18th century, the monastery was turned into a shelter for foundlings and an almshouse, and in Soviet times it housed research institutes. Since 1992, the monastery has been returned to the Russian Orthodox Church - there are churches of the Resurrection of Christ and the Archangel Michael, as well as the Synodal Library of the Moscow Patriarchate. A complex of buildings of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences rises near the monastery. Nearby, on Andreevskaya embankment in residential complex Green Hills has created an environmental education center with museum expositions and classrooms.
Behind the Novoandreevsky bridge, the green bank of the Moskva River continues to the city center - there are Boring Garden, TsPKiO im. Gorky and the Park of Arts of the Moscow association "Muzeon". The nature of "Sparrow Hills" ...
Natural monuments of Moscow:
1. Bitsevsky forest2. Natural reserve "Vorobyovy Gory"To walk around nature reserve, it is not at all necessary to travel outside Moscow. The Vorobyovy Gory natural reserve is located within the city limits of the capital. It was formed in 1998 with the aim of preserving the natural historical and cultural complexes and landscapes of Moscow. The 137.5 hectares reserve has sheltered many rare species of plants, animals, birds or insects that are under threat of extinction. Eco trails are laid throughout the reserve, along which you can walk alone or with a guided tour. As sightseeing tour there are several scenic routes to choose from: "On the slopes of the Sparrow Hills", "Andreevsky Ponds", "On the terraces of the Vorobyovy Hills". In addition, guests of the reserve can choose one of the thematic excursions: Literary Sparrow Hills, Wintering Birds of Moscow, Biodiversity, Spring Flora of Vorobyovy Gory and others. If you wish, you can end your walk with a picnic - near the Andreevskie ponds there are places for barbecuing, and along the entire route there are cozy gazebos. The participants of the excursion will pass by enclosures with rare decorative birds (pheasants, peacocks, turkeys), squirrels, as well as birds of prey. Not far from the enclosures is located observation deck with a magnificent view of the slopes of the Sparrow Hills. Children will probably be interested in the alley of birds with feeders, birdhouses and titmouses. Playgrounds can also be found on the territory of the reserve. Free excursions run on weekdays from 8.00 to 17.00. You can also go for a walk on weekends - for a fee. There is no specific time for the start of excursions, it is recommended to sign up in advance. If you wish, you can come with children or with the whole class. The duration of the excursions is from 40 minutes to two hours, depending on the weather and the age of the participants. If you wish, in the Vorobyovy Gory reserve you can take part in an ecological quest and spend time interestingly with logical problems, orientation on the terrain and photography. Bike rental There are many places on Sparrow Hills that will be interesting to ride a bike. For those wishing to rent a bike, there are several rental points in different parts of the park. Parents with children can ride a bike completely free of charge - in the Palace of Pioneers, a free rental point for children and adult bicycles has been opened. In addition to bikes, there are scooters and runbikes, roller skates for children and adults, you can rent a protection kit, Nordic walking sticks, ping-pong and badminton sets. The rental point works in the second building of the Palace on weekdays from 15.00 to 20.00, on weekends from 12.00 to 20.00. A passport is required for rent. Another rental point operates in the Main Building of Moscow State University. There are sports and road bikes of the brands Sprint, Atom, Upland, Legent. This rental is paid, for 200 rubles. you can take a new bike per hour, last year's and worn-out models are given for 150 rubles per hour. You can take a bicycle for a day (600-800 rubles), there are roller skates in the range. For a pledge, you will need a document or 5000-10000 rubles. The rental office is open from 11.00 to 23.00, but before the visit, you should call the Moscow State University security in order to freely enter the university territory. Two more rental points are located on the embankment near the chair and near the exit to Vorobyovskoe shosse. / Vorobyovy Gory is a nature reserve covering the territory of the historical area "Vorobyovy Gory". It was founded on July 21, 1998. Specially protected natural area of the city of Moscow, the natural reserve "Vorobyovy Gory" was established in order to preserve, restore and develop the Natural complex of Moscow by the decree of the Moscow Government dated July 21, 1998 No. 564 "On measures for the development of the territories of the Natural complex of Moscow." Vorobyovy Gory is one of the most beautiful places in Moscow. The high right bank of the Moskva River at all times attracted with a dense forest, difficult relief and a wonderful panorama overlooking the river. The nature reserve is located on the slopes of Vorobyovy Gory. The area is 106 hectares. Three decorative ponds and an array of natural broad-leaved forest have survived. Old lime forests prevail, there are areas of birch forests, a fragment of black alder. There are springs, damp lawns and low-lying marshes. Typical forest grasses have been preserved, including ferns, sedges, buttercup anemone, European gingerbread, perennial forest forest, there are corydals, nettle-leaved bell, lily of the valley, lungwort, multiflorum and others. A mole, a squirrel, a hobby falcon, a raven, blackbirds, a nightingale, a green warbler and others live here. Three ecological trails have been created (“On the slopes of Vorobyovy Gory”, “Andreevskie ponds” and “On the terraces of Vorobyovy Gory”), a children's menagerie. Vorobyovy Gory are among the Moscow Semikholmia. They represent a steep cliff of the Teplostan Upland, formed by the erosion of the Moscow River. They are located on the right river bank, opposite the Luzhniki bend. The name was given to the village of Vorobyovo, which was located here. Sparrow Hills stretch from the mouth of the Setun River to the Andreevsky Bridge Okruzhnaya railroad. Maximum height- 220 meters, above the river edge - 80-100 meters. The slope facing the river is dissected by a network of deep ravines. In the 17th century, at the foot of the eastern part of the Sparrow Hills, the Andreevsky Monastery was founded. In 1817 on the spot royal palace The first Cathedral of Christ the Savior was laid in the 17th century as a monument to the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. In 1924-1991, the Sparrow Hills were called Lenin in memory of V.I. Lenin. In 1949-1953, in the Lenin Hills region (at an altitude of 196 meters), a new complex of buildings of Moscow State University was erected and an observation deck was arranged. On Vorobyovy Gory, in addition to the nature reserve, there are buildings of the presidium and a number of institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The wooded slopes of the Sparrow Hills and the embankments, built in 1958-1961, are the place summer vacation Muscovites. Since 2012, the embankments of the Moskva River have been part of the TsPKiO im. Gorky. Vorobyovy Gory is a nature reserve covering the territory of the historical area "Vorobyovy Gory". It was founded on July 21, 1998. Geography The territory of the reserve with an area of 1.375 km² is located on a high bank and rises 70 meters above the river's edge. A wide steep slope is dissected by deep ravines, along which small rivers used to run: Chura with tributaries, Krovyanka and Kotlovka; there are outlets of groundwater (springs), landslide processes are observed. The reserve is bounded from the northeast by the left bank of the Moskva River, from the west and south by Kosygin Street. It stretches in a narrow strip, about 4 km long, from Vorobyovskoye Highway (near the mouth of the Setun River) to the Third Transport Ring near Gagarin Square. Komsomolsky prospect and Luzhnetsky metro bridge coincide with the administrative boundaries of the districts (Western and South-Western) and divide the reserve into 2 parts: western and eastern. Three ecological trails pass through the territory - "On the slopes of the Vorobyovy Gory", "Andreevskie ponds" and "On the terraces of the Vorobyovy Gory", the total length of which is more than one and a half kilometers. On the territory of the nature reserve there are two Andreevsky ponds: small and large, named after the nearby Andreevsky monastery. There is also a Forest Pond on the terraces of the Sparrow Hills. The territory received the status of a nature reserve in accordance with the decree of the Moscow Government dated July 21, 1998 No. 564 "On measures for the development of the territories of the Natural complex of Moscow". In 2013, the territory of the reserve was annexed to Gorky Park. Flora and fauna Due to the fact that some areas are difficult to access for farming and recreation, as well as because of the diversity of biotopes, a relatively high level of biodiversity has been preserved on the territory of the reserve. The flora of the reserve numbers more than 400 species of vascular plants, of which 43 are included in the Red Book of Moscow, including such herbaceous plants as multiflorous, common ostrich, broad-leaved snake, Fischer's carnation, Danish astragalus. The most widespread tree is the Norway maple, also common are the heart-shaped linden, the common oak, the drooping birch and the common ash, there are aspen, elm, horse chestnut, Norway maple, black alder, Siberian larch, bird cherry, common linden, Pennsylvanian ash, poplar. A relatively small number of mammals live in the reserve - the European mole, the common shrew, the common squirrel, the bank and common voles, the forest and field mice, and occasionally bats are found. At the same time, almost 100 species of birds were noted, of which 37 are listed in the Red Data Book (for example, the gray owl, corncrake, white-backed woodpecker, grosbeak, goshawk). Tufted ducks nest on Andreevskie ponds. Among amphibians, grass and lake frogs can be found. |
