Marine terms and words. Pirate and maritime terms

BOARDING- approach of hostile ships closely for hand-to-hand combat.
VANGUARD- the forward (head) part of the battle formation of a squadron or fleet.
ACCIDENT- damage to the vessel.
ADVICE ADVICE- a small ship used for reconnaissance and messenger service in the 18th-19th centuries.
AVRAL- work on urgently calling the entire ship's personnel when one watch cannot cope with the task.
ADMIRALTY - supreme body management and command of naval forces.
ADMIRALTY ANCHOR- an anchor with two fixed horns with triangular legs on their horns, and a rod mounted on the top of the spindle in a plane perpendicular to the planes of the horns. The name "Admiralty anchor" appeared in 1352 after extensive field tests of anchors of various designs carried out by the British Admiralty.
ANKEROK- a barrel in one, two, three buckets and more; used for storing water, wine, and vinegar.
ANTICYCLONE- an area of ​​high pressure in the atmosphere, with a maximum in the center. Characterized by partly cloudy and dry weather with weak winds.
ARTEL- an association of sailors or soldiers in the Russian fleet or army for the purpose of organizing food from a common pot, at the expense of the money allocated to them for food. The management of the artel was in charge of the artel worker, elected by soldiers or sailors. The artelman was confirmed as the senior officer of the ship.
REARGARD- the end (rear) part of the battle formation of a squadron or fleet.
AKHTERLUK- aft hatch.
AKHTERSTEVEN- a vertical beam that forms the aft end of the ship’s keel. The rudder is suspended from the sternpost.
TANK- the bow part of the ship's deck from the stem to the foremast. The forecastle is a raised superstructure occupying part of the forecastle.
BAKAN, or buoy - a large float, sometimes with a bell, sometimes with a lantern, anchored to indicate a dangerous shallow place.
TANK- a watchman performing work on the forecastle.
BACKSTAY- 1) the ship’s course at an obtuse angle to the wind direction line; 2) gear that holds topmasts, toptopmasts and boom-toptopmasts from the sides and rear.
SCORE- a number indicating the strength of the wind or wave on a scale. According to our Beaufort scale, wind strength is indicated from 0 (complete calm) to 12 (hurricane), and waves - from 0 to 9.
JAR- 1)stranded among deep place; 2) bench, seat on a boat.
BAR- shallow water, a ridge across the river from alluvial sand and silt.
BARQUE-a vessel with a straight rig on the front masts and a slant rig on the rear mast.
BARQUENTINE, or schooner-barque, is a ship with three or more masts, of which the foremast has a straight rig, and all the rest have oblique rigs.
RUNNING RIGGING- rigging that allows maneuvers with sails and spar. To facilitate traction, it is passed through blocks.
BEYDEWIND- the ship's course is at an acute angle to the wind.
BEYFOOT- a clip that presses the yard to the mast or topmast.
MIZAN MAST- the rear mast of all ships having three, four or more masts.
BEAMS- cross beams connecting the sides of the ship and serving as beams for deck flooring.
BITT- a wooden or cast iron pedestal used for fastening thick gear, tugs, and sometimes anchor ropes (chains).
BITING-KRASPITSA- cross beam on a bitten or a pair of bits.
BLOCK- a device with a rotating wheel-pulley inside, through which a cable is passed for traction.
BLOKSHIV- an old ship brought to anchor and serving as a floating warehouse, pier or barracks.
BOKANTS, or davits - iron posts of a special design and shape, located on the ship and used for raising and lowering boats.
BOM-BRAMSELI- the fourth sail from the bottom on a ship with a straight rig.
BORA- local, strong (up to 40-80 m/s) cold wind on Adriatic coast Yugoslavia, on the Black Sea coast in
area of ​​Novorossiysk. Usually happens in winter.
BOATSWAIN- head of the deck crew of the ship's crew, manages all work on the deck and keeping the ship clean.
BRAHMSEL- the third sail from the bottom on a ship with a straight rig.
BRACES- gear used to rotate the yards in the horizontal direction. Brace - move the yards with the help of braces.
WINDLASS- a mechanism with a horizontal arrangement of drums, used for raising and lowering anchors and mooring operations.
BRIG- a two-masted ship with straight sails on both masts.
BRIGANTINE, or schooner-brig, is a two-masted ship with straight sails on the foremast and slanting sails on the mainmast.
YOKE- a flat metal ring on the spar.
BUOY- see cormorant.
BUEK- a small float showing the location of the anchor when it is released.
BAY- 1) a small bay; 2) a cable twisted in circles. The cable coil produced at the factory is 200 meters long, or 100 fathoms.
BOWSPRIT- an inclined mast at the bow of the ship.
PROUD BULL- one of the gears for cleaning sails.
SHAFT- a separate major war, in a storm reaches a height of 9 meters or more.
OUTRIGGER- the thickened part of the oar, it is divided into a handle, roller, spindle and blade.
VALKOST- insufficient stability, the tendency of the vessel to tilt to one side at the slightest reason; Rolling is considered a bad and even dangerous property of a vessel.
CABLES- cables reinforcing masts, topmasts, topmasts on the sides.
WATERWACE- a wooden beam or metal sheet connecting the deck to the sides of the ship.
WATERLINE- the line along which the ship goes deeper into the water. The maximum depth permitted by law for each vessel is limited to the load waterline.
WATERSTAG- thick metal rods or chains that pull the bowsprit to the stem.
WATCH- duty on the ship.
MONOGRAM- a thin line harness for fastening two cables together.
VERP- a small anchor.
SHIPYARD- a place where ships are built, a shipyard.
MILESTONE- a pole with a float, anchored or on a stone. At the upper end is attached either a kind of broom made of thick rods, or a colored flag. Milestones are used to mark shoals and other obstacles in the path of ships, such as sunken ships.
DISPLACEMENT- the volume of water displaced by the vessel. The weight of this volume is equal to the weight of the ship.
CUTWATER- the outer edge of the stem below the waterline.
WEAPONS- equipment of the vessel, a set of spars, rigging and sails.
FORWARD LOOKING- the sailor on duty at the bow of the ship, watching the horizon and immediately reporting everything. what he sees, to the captain's assistant on the watch.
BLACKS- thin ropes tied across the shrouds and, together with the shrouds, form a kind of rope ladder for climbing onto the masts and yards.
VYMBOVKI- long bars of hard wood used to rotate manual spiers (gates). The vymbovka looks like a stick about two meters long and in diameter, about 10 cm at one end, and about 6 cm at the other.
PENNANT- a long narrow flag.
HARBOR- an area of ​​water protected by nature or artificial structures from sea waves and used for mooring ships.
GAK- metal hook.
GAKOBORT- a side enclosing the stern of a ship.
TACK- 1) tackle that attracts the lower corners of straight sails from the wind; 2) if the wind blows from the right, then they say: the ship is sailing on the right tack, if from the left - on the left tack.
GULFWIND, or half-wind - wind direction perpendicular to the ship's heading.
latrine- restroom on the ship.
LEVER- increased embossment, which serves as a lever when working with heavy weights.
GAFF- an inclined tree attached by one cone to the mast and used to fasten or stretch the upper leech (side) of oblique sails shaped like an irregular trapezoid.
GIK- a log for attaching or stretching the foot (side) of oblique sails.
GITOVY- gear used to pull up the lower corners of the sail during cleaning.
DRIVE TO THE WIND- hold the close-haul steeply, i.e. very close to the wind line.
PROUD- tackle. passing through one single-pulley block.
GROTTO- lower sail on the mainmast.
GROT HATCH- middle hatch on the deck of the ship.
MAIN MAST-medium, largest, mast on a ship.
GROTHOLD-middle ship hold.
JACK- a special flag that is raised when anchored on the bow of a warship of the 1st or 2nd rank.
DOUBLE BOTTOM, or internal - available on all warships and on large ships merchant fleet; serves to protect the bottom from the consequences of holes, increases the reliability of the hull. The space between the inner and outer bottoms is called double-bottom and is divided by longitudinal and transverse partitions into compartments that are empty or used for storing water, oil, etc.
TWO-DECK SHIP- an old type warship, which had, in addition to the upper one, two lower decks with cannons above the water.
DEADWOODS- sharp places on the bottom at the very ends of the ship.
DEVIATION- deviations of magnetic compass needles under the influence of ship iron.
DECA- deck.
KEEP ON TARGET, walk along the line - walk in such a way that two or more objects observed from the ship merge into one line, for example, see the masts and chimney of an oncoming steamship in the line or walk along the line of two lighthouses.
TRIM- the difference in the depth of the vessel in the water between the stern and bow. Trim to the stern is usually done to give the ship better maneuverability. Bow trim, on the contrary, impairs maneuverability and gives the vessel an unsightly appearance. If the ship has a bow trim, then the sailors say: “The ship is sitting like a pig in the water.”
DOK- Wet dock - a section of a harbor or port in which the water is maintained at the same level. Such docks are located in places exposed to ebb and flow, for the convenience of loading and unloading ships moored at the berths. Dry docks are pools, pools in which ships are placed for repairs. After the vessel is brought into such a dock, the water is pumped out of it, and the vessel remains on stands called slipway blocks. Gates of a special device that tightly close the entrances to the docks are called bathoports. A floating dock is a floating structure that is sunk and then, after pumping out water from the dock compartments, raised along with the vessel placed on it for repairs.
HEAVER- an oblong cone made of hard wood, used for rigging work Oh.
FIGHT, polish - pull tightly, figuratively - scrub, clean something. For example, sailors say: “to scrub copper,” which means to polish copper parts until they shine.
DRYREP- a chain or wire rope attached to the yard and passing through the block to lift it. Every drirep usually ends with hoists called halyards. For example, the marsa-drayrep and the marsa-halyard together make up a device for lifting the marsa-yard.
DRIFTING- deviation of a moving ship from the intended path under the influence of wind, current, strong waves and ice pressure. To drift is to position the sails in such a way that the action of the wind on one of them causes the ship to move forward, and the action on the others causes it to move backward, as a result of which the ship is held almost in place.
INCH- a submultiple unit of length equal to 2.54 centimeters.
EAT- a word that replaces answers in the fleet: okay, I’m listening, I understand, it will be done. Derived from the English word Yes.
ZHVAKA-GALS- a piece of chain of the same thickness as the anchor rope is attached to a butt embedded in the ship’s hull with a bracket
MAGAZINES watch and engine - a corded book in which the captain's assistant watch on the bridge, in the wheelhouse, and the watch mechanic in the car record all the circumstances of the voyage and all incidents with the ship, mechanisms and its crew at sea, near the shore, while moored at the pier.
ZAGREBNOY- the rower closest to the helmsman, all the other rowers of the boat are equal to him.
LITTLE DOWN- close tightly.
SEIZE, stuck in the pulley - they say about the tackle when something jams it and prevents it from pulling freely.
SOUNWEST- wide-brimmed waterproof marine hat.
SWELL, dead swell - gentle waves without wind, sometimes can reach large sizes; it happens either after a long wind, when the sea cannot immediately calm down, or before the wind, when it blows in the neighborhood strong wind and drives a wave in front of him. A small score or ripple is a small disturbance.
GO- the ship is moving, its crew, who takes part in the movement of the ship, is also moving. The passengers carried by the sailors are on their way.
For example, a passenger will say: “I am going on a ship,” and a sailor will say: “I am going on a ship.”
PORTHOLE- a round window made of thick cast glass in a metal frame, mounted into the side of the ship.
CABLE- thick cable. Since previously sailing ships, without the help of towing steamers, often had to be pulled from place to place by bringing a rope with a cable attached to it on a boat, it became common practice to measure a distance of less than a mile by the number of cables. Kabeltov - 100 six-foot fathoms. There are 10 cables in one nautical mile.
HEEL- a thick thread from which cables are twisted, which consist of strands, and the strands are made of heels.
HEEL SLINGS- hemp rings that are connected; they cover the load when lifting with hoists.
CABOTAGE- navigation off their shores and between the ports of their state. Coaster, coaster - vessel. floating off its shores without calling at foreign ports.
GALLEY- ship's kitchen.
CAMLET- dense fabric made of wool (often mixed with silk or cotton fabric).
CAMPAIGN- sailing, trekking navigation.
ROPE- rope was the name given to the thickest perlines and cables, tied to the anchor before using chains for this purpose. Until now, the anchor chain is often called a chain rope or simply an anchor rope.
QUARANTINE FLAG- a yellow quadrangular flag, raised on the front mast and means that everything is safe on the ship in sanitary terms.
CAT- crane for lifting the anchor.
ROLL INTO THE WIND- tilt the bow of the ship into the wind.
CABIN- room on the ship.
QUARTERDECK- aft deck raised to the line of the bulwarks.
QUEBRAKHOV TREE(superbracho) - subtropical South American tree species, have hard, heavy wood, bark and tannic extract.
KEEL- a longitudinal beam or steel sheet that runs along the ship and serves as the basis for its entire structure.
KILSON- an internal keel that goes over the frames (ribs) of the ship.
WAKE- a jet behind the stern of a moving ship.
PLAY THE STEERING WHEEL right or left on board - turn the steering wheel, and therefore the rudder, to the right or left until it stops.
CLOSE, kletnevka - a protective covering of the cable with thin lines in those places where it is subject to constant friction.
JIB- one of the slanting sails on the bowsprit.
CLIPPER- a large, narrow and sharp, fast-moving vessel.
CLIPER-POST- a beautifully curved stem decorated with gilded carvings.
CLOT, klotik - a chiseled cone or circle placed on the top of a mast or flagpole. Thin gear, called signal halyards, is passed through the klotik and serves to raise flags.
HAWSE- a round hole in the side of the ship for passing pearl lines, mooring lines or anchor ropes (anchor fairlead).
KNEKHT- cast iron cabinet or wooden column for attaching gear.
KNOP- a knot at the end of the tackle, not tied, but woven in a special way from loose strands.
KNYAVDIGED- the upper, widened part of the stem on old ships, strongly protruding forward.
CASING- an attachment, an add-on to cover something, for example a chimney casing.
COOK- ship's cook.
BILL OF LADING- cargo document.
COPRA- dried nutritional tissue (endosperm) of the coconut palm fruit - coconut. Used to obtain coconut oil, margarine and soap.
SHIP- 1) the ship in general; 2) a large sailing ship, no less than three-masted, with direct rigging on all masts.
STERN- the rear end of the ship.
DIRK- something like a tetrahedral dagger, used during boarding battles of ships. Subsequently, the dirk acquired the significance of the distinctive personal weapon of naval officers.
COFFEE NAGEL- iron pin for fastening gear.
COFFEE PLANK- a thick oak board with sockets, fixed at the side of a ship or mast for passing dowel pins through it.
CRUMBALL- a bracket on the bow of a ship for hanging an anchor.
KRANETS- a piece of wood or a rough cushion stuffed with soft cork and braided with vegetable rope, hung overboard to protect the ship's hull from friction against a pier or other vessel.
CRUISE- swim in a certain sea between certain places.
BANK- the tilt of a ship on its side, measured in degrees of arc with an instrument called an inclinometer.
COOLER HOLD- keep close to the direction of the wind.
ATTACH THE SAILS- roll up, tie them on the yards, or on the bowsprit, or near the masts.
ATTACH GEAR- wrap or wrap it around the head of the bollard or dowel.
KRUYSEL- topsail on the mizzen mast.
COCKPIT- common living quarters for the team.
WELL- the direction in which the ship is sailing.
TACK- move forward in zigzags against the wind.
PAH- 1) a tool for measuring the distance traveled in travel speed; 2) side of the ship. For example, moor with the log (i.e., sideways) to the pier, to another ship, or put the entire log against the shallows.
LEVENTIK- the position of the sails when they are not inflated and flutter from the wind blowing at their edges.
LEER- a tightly stretched rope, wire or metal rod used to tie sails (rail lines) or to protect people from falling into the water (side rail).
LIE TO- stop the ship's progress and stay in place without giving up the anchor, positioning the sails accordingly or maneuvering the machinery.
LYKTROS, or likovina - a cable with which the sail is sheathed for strength.
TENCH- the cable is less than 25 millimeters in diameter.
LICELY- additional sails placed on the sides of direct sails to increase their area.
LIGHTER- a shallow-draft auxiliary vessel, used to transport and transport cargo to anchored ships.
BLADE- blade of an oar, steamship propeller or wheel; the latter is sometimes called paddle or pliny.
LOT- a device that measures depths; it is used to retrieve soil samples from the bottom of the sea.
LOCATION- part of the science of navigation, a guide for seafarers, detailed description seas and the shores washed by them, lighthouses, signs, alignments, etc.
PILOT- a sailor-navigator involved in guiding ships in a certain area: in a strait, port, fiord, canal.
EYES- lined holes in the sail for passing gear.
HATCHES- openings in the decks: for lowering cargo into the hold - cargo hatches; for light transmission - skylights.
LUSTRIN- thin dark wool or cotton fabric with shine.
MANILA(abaca) - Manila hemp, a fiber obtained from the leaves of the tropical abaca plant. Marine ropes, plant cables, etc. are made from manila.
MANEUVER- control a ship or a group of ships, changing the direction of movement and speed.
MARLIN- a thin line twisted from two heels or threads.
MARS- platform at the junction of the mast with the topmast.
MARSELI- second straight sails from the bottom.
MARTYN-GIK- a wooden or iron spacer under the bowsprit for guiding the rigging of the jig and boom jib.
MAT- a carpet woven from strands or heels of an old cable.
MAST- a vertically or almost vertically installed spar tree, used for lifting sails and weights.
LIGHTHOUSE- 1) a tower with a specially designed lantern at the top; 2) a floating lighthouse - a ship placed on dead anchors near a shoal located far from the shore. Lightships have a characteristic color, an inscription in large letters on the side, balls made of thick rods and strong lanterns on the tops of the masts.
MILE- a maritime unit of length equal to 1852 meters.
MOLESKIN- a type of thick paper fabric used for clothing.
BRIDGE- a platform raised above the sides of the vessel and protected from wind and waves, extending from side to side. The ship is controlled from the bridge.
MONSONS- periodic winds that change their direction depending on the time of year.
MUSHKEL- a massive wooden hammer for rigging work.
VESSEL SET- the totality of all the timber beams and shaped steel strips that make up the skeleton or frame of the ship.
WINDOW SIDE, shore, side - side, shore, board from which or from which the wind blows.
BUILD UP- polish.
BINNACLE- 1) copper cap with a glass window and lamps; does not wear a compass at night or in bad weather; 2) a wooden or silumin cabinet (pedestal) on which the compass is mounted.
FILL THE SAILS- expose the sails to the wind so that they inflate and the ship gets underway.
KNIGHTS- a strong connection of two or more objects with a cable. Rite - tie; to snit - to connect with each other.
NIRAL- gear for lowering or pulling down sails.
NOC- the end of a yard, gaff or boom.
DEWEIGHT THE SAILS- turn them or the ship so that the wind hits the side edge of the sails and they ripple or become leftward.
WALL THE SAILS- turn them or the ship so that the wind hits the sails in the opposite direction and they press against the masts and topmasts. With walled sails, the ship moves in reverse.
Overstay- transition from close-hauled on one tack to close-hauled on another tack through the wind line.
FIRE- a loop braided on a cable.
HOLD- ordering the helmsman to slow down the turn of the vessel that has begun.
DRAFT- the depth of a ship, measured in feet or metric units.
STABILITY- the ability of a ship that has become heeled to quickly straighten out. Insufficient stability, resulting from too high a center of gravity, makes the vessel rolly and even dangerous; it can capsize. Excessive stability makes the motion too rapid, impetuous and shakes not only the masts, but also the hull of the ship.
FUCK AWAY- move away from the pier or other vessel.
GIVE UP- untie, unfasten this or that tackle; give up the sails - release them; give up the anchor - throw it into the water.
SHALLOW- a shoal connected to the shore.
GROOVE- a gap between planks of sheathing or decking. The grooves are caulked and filled with varnish or covered with putty based on drying oil and oil varnish.
DECKS- floorings, the same as floors in houses. The number of decks on a ship shows, as it were, the number of floors. The normal distance between decks is 2 meters; on passenger and new ships it reaches 2.5 and even 3 meters.
APEAK- the moment when raising the anchor, when it has not yet separated from the ground, but the length of the chain is already equal to the depth of the sea and the anchor chain is vertical. After the panera, when the anchor is separated from the ground and the chain shakes, they say: “the anchor has risen.”
PASS WINDS- winds blowing with a fairly constant force (three to four points), their direction does not always remain constant, but varies within narrow, however, limits.
HAWSER- the cable is thicker than 13 centimeters.
PERTS AND SUPPORTS- the cables, now, are always wire, suspended under the yards, on which the sailors stand with their feet, spreading along the yards to attach the sails.
PIER- a pier on stilts, built perpendicular to the shore line.
GUNWALE- a horizontally placed thick board of hard wood, limiting the upper side of the vessel.
PONTOON- the same as the lighter, but shallower.
LEATHER SIDE, shore, side - side, shore, side opposite to windward.
VALANCE- overhang of the stern of the ship.
PODSHKIPERSKAYA- storage room for ship property.
"HALF-NUCLEAR!"- "Beware!" From the Dutch word "fall under" - "falls down." A warning shout.
PUMPS- ship pumps serving various purposes: bilge pumps, fire pumps, sanitary pumps, feed pumps (for boilers), etc.
PORT- 1) a place near a city where ships are concentrated. Ports can be natural or artificial; 2) a door on the side of the ship: cargo ports, or lasports, cannon ports, garbage ports. Small ports are called half-ports
SWEAT- an oar that replaces a rudder.
SURF, or breakers - excitement near the shore.
BRING- steer closer to the wind line, steer steeper.
STRAIGHT SAILS- sails of a regular quadrangular shape or a regular trapezoid shape, tied to the yards.
DISARM THE SHIP- during long stays and wintering on sailing ships, all the sails are untied and put into the hold, the running rigging is pulled out, blocks are removed, and sometimes the upper yards and topmasts are lowered - this is called “disarming the ship.”
RANGOUT- a collective word to designate all the wooden parts of the ship, such as: masts, topmasts, topmasts, yards, booms, gaffs, cargo booms, etc.
RAY- a transverse tree suspended from the middle, to which one of the straight sails is tied.
RAID- a place more or less sheltered from the winds in front of the port entrance.
REEF- 1) a ridge of stones or coral formations buried under water or barely protruding from it; 2) a series of ties near the sail to reduce its area during increasing winds.
ROSTERS- a place on the deck where the spare spar is stowed. Large boats are sometimes installed on the rostra.
CUTTING- 1) a house built separately on a deck with a flat roof; 2) office space: wheelhouse, charthouse.
RUMB- 1/32 of the horizon. The card (a circle attached to a magnetic compass needle) is divided into 32 points and, like any circle, into 360. Compass points, counting from north through east, south and west, have the following names: north (N), nord-ten-ost (NtO), nord-north-east (NNO), nord-ost-ten-nord (NOtN); nord-east(NO), nord-ost-ten-ost(NOtO), ost-north-ost(ONO), ost-ten-noord(OtN), ost(O), ost-ten-south(OtS), East-Southeast(OSO), South-East-Ten-Ost(SOtO), South-East(SO), South-East-Ten-South(SOtS), South-South-East(SSO), South-Ten -east (StO), south-west (S), south-ten-west (Stw) and further: SSW, SWtS, SW, SWtW, WSW, WtS, west (W), WtN, WNW, NWtW, NW, NWtN, NNW , NtW, N.
TILLER- a lever at the steering wheel to control it.
TILLER HAUL- hoists that are placed on the tiller.
horn- a metal cone-shaped pipe to amplify the voice. A large megaphone made from pressed corton or linoleum is called a megaphone.
RUSLENI- platforms for removing shrouds and backstays from the side of the vessel.
EYE- a strong iron ring embedded in the deck, side or pier.
BELL- bell.
Yaw rate- the tendency of a ship to rush towards the wind.
SAZHEN- old Russian measure of length. Since 1835, its size has been defined as 7 English feet, which corresponds to 213.36 centimeters. The navy used a six-foot fathom, equal to 183 centimeters. 100 six-foot fathoms constituted one cable.
CROSSTREES- lattice platform at the connection of the topmast with the topmast.
PILE- a round metal wedge, similar to a large and thick awl, used for rigging work.
FRESH BREEZE- a strong, even wind that has not yet reached the level of a storm.
SEASON, or harness - a short braid or piece of cable used to secure the retracted sails.
SEY-TALI- large hoists for lifting weights.
FLASKS- hourglass. Breaking bottles means time by ringing a ship's bell.
CHEEKBONE- turn, steepness in the lines of the ship’s hull; bottom, bow, stern chine.
SPARDEK- a medium elevated superstructure extending from side to side.
SPLICE- two ends of the cable woven together.
TO GO DOWN- turn the ship, increasing the angle between the ship's course and the direction of the wind.
STAYSAIL- an oblique sail running on rings (raks) along the rod.
STAPEL- the foundation on which the ship is built.
SUPPORT BLOCKS- bars placed under the keel of a ship being built or repaired at a dock.
STEPS- a socket into which the lower end (spurs) of the mast is inserted.
STOP ANCHOR- see ANCHOR.
SLING- a piece of cable woven at the ends into a circle or loop.
LINE- small sling.
SUPERCARGO- a member of the command staff responsible for ensuring the correct and most efficient transportation of goods on a ship.
BAN- row the oars in the opposite direction.
RIGGING- the totality of all gear on the ship. Standing rigging - currently wire ropes securing masts, topmasts, top and top topmasts, bowsprit and jib. Running rigging - consists of part flexible steel, part plant cable and part chain. It passes through the blocks and is used for lifting and turning spar trees, weights, setting and retracting sails.
RIGGING WORK- production of various products from cable, processing of cable for rigging.
WAIST- a cable passed through a pulley system to facilitate traction. (In physics - polyspas)
TALREP- a type of hoist or tension screw for pulling standing rigging or tightening cargo
TWINDECK- intermediate hold deck.
TENT- a canopy made of canvas stretched over the deck to protect people from rain and sun.
TEAK- 1) very strong, rot-resistant Indian wood; 2) striped matter.
TIR- a type of oil varnish.
CROWD- irregular high and short waves.
TONE- top is the top of a vertical spar, for example, a mast, topmast.
TOPENANT- tackle supporting the yardarms, booms and cargo booms.
BEAM- the position of a sign on the shore or an object on the water, perpendicular to the course of the ship.
POISH TACKLE- gradually release, weaken.
CABLE- rope. Cables can be steel, vegetable (hemp, manila, coconut), or nylon. The thickness of the cable is always measured along the circumference.
HOLD- the interior of a ship intended for the transportation of goods.
HUMILITY- the tendency of a ship to rush forward from the wind.
DEEPING THE VESSEL- the distance in decimeters or feet measured from the waterline to the bottom edge of the keel.
KNOT- 1) a conventional measure of speed, denoting nautical miles per hour; 2) knot on the cable.
Oarlocks- metal devices in the form of grips for supporting the oars when rowing.
COMBINE- the second knee of the bowsprit, its continuation. The continuation of the jib is called the bom jib.
GET AWAY FROM THE WAVE- to keep so many sails during a passing storm so that the wave cannot catch up with the ship and roll in from the stern, “cover”, in a maritime expression, which is very dangerous.
FAL- tackle in the form of special hoists, used for lifting spar trees and sails
BULWARK- the upper part of the ship's side, the side above the upper deck.
FALSE FIRE- a cardboard tube filled with sparkler powder and equipped with a handle for holding, used to produce night signals.
FAIRWAY- a deep passage among shoals and other underwater dangers.
FLAG- a rectangular panel made of light woolen fabric - a flagduk - of different colors and serves as a distinctive sign. Flags are divided into signal and national, indicating which state the ship belongs to, and national flags are divided into military, commercial and personally assigned.
FLAGPOLE- the top of a mast or a special pole used to raise the flag.
FLOTILLA- a small detachment of ships.
FLOOR- the lower part of the frame.
FOC- lower sail on the foremast.
FORE MAST- the front mast of the ship.
FORDEWIND- tailwind blowing directly astern.
FORDUN- the same as backstays.
FORE-HATCH- front cargo hatch.
FOREPEAK - bottleneck hold at the very bow of the ship. The same place in the stern is called the afterpeak.
FORCE WITH SAILS- carry more sail than it should at a given wind speed.
FOREEST- the front edge of the ship.
FOOT- a maritime measure equal to 0.305 meters.
FOOT ROD- a long stick marked in feet, used to measure shallow depths.
RUNNING END- the end of the tackle that is being pulled. The reverse end attached to something is called the root end.
WALKER, a good sailor is a fast ship.
CHAIN ​​ROPE, or anchor rope - a chain attached to an anchor.
CYCLONE- an area of ​​low pressure in the atmosphere with a minimum in the center. The weather during this period is predominantly cloudy, with strong winds.
CHECHEN- an island in the northwestern part of the Caspian Sea. Sand spits overgrown with reeds stretch from the shores into the sea. The Chechen lighthouse was installed.
CHICKS- wooden or metal cheeks on the mast under the topsails, sometimes under the salings.
CLEAN ANCHOR- a message from the assistant captain, who is observing the lifting of the anchor from the water, that the anchor has come to the surface not tangled, clean, and the ship can be set underway.
MOOR, moor - pull a ship to the shore, to a pier or to another ship.
DOCKS, or shkhants - part of the deck between the main and mizzen masts, a place of honor on the ship.
WAIST- part of the deck between the fore and main masts.
SQUALL- strong gust of wind.
PENDANT- a short end of the cable with a point at the end.
SHKIF- a wheel with a groove in a block or in a spar.
SKIPPER, or skipper - this is what the captain of a merchant ship used to be called.
SHEET- tackle that attracts the lower corner of the sail to the side, deck or to the foot of the underlying spar.
FRAMED- a wooden or metal rib in a vessel set.
SPACE- distance between frames.
SCUPPER- a hole for water drainage on the side of the ship.
SPIRE- vertical gate.
Spur- the lower part of a vertical spar.
STAG- standing rigging gear holding the spar in front.
STERT- a short piece of tench used to tie something.
STOCK- any pole that has a special purpose - a flagpole, a footpole.
STEERING WHEEL- a wheel with handles used to control the steering wheel.
STORMTRAP- rope ladder with wooden steps.
STURTROS- a cable connecting the tiller to the steering wheel.
SCHOONER- a vessel with slanting sails and at least two masts.
EZELGOFT- double forged ring made of strip metal for connecting the top of the mast with the topmast, the top of the topmast with the topmast, the bowsprit with the jib.
CREW- all personnel of the ship, except passengers.
BOARDSHIP- the place where the ship was built or repaired.
SQUADRON- a large detachment of ships under the command of a person who has his own distinctive flag - a flagship or admiral.
USEN- a thin line, hand-woven from three heels.
CABIN BOY- young sailor apprentice.
UT- part of the deck from the mizzen mast to the end of the stern - the lanyard. The poop is a short, elevated part of the poop, a superstructure starting from the stern, but not reaching the mizzen mast.
YUFERS- a kind of round thick block with smooth holes, called windows, instead of pulleys. Rope lanyards are supported through the deadeyes.
ANCHOR- a forged metal projectile used to stop a ship by engaging it with the seabed. Anchors come in different systems. Two anchors, always ready to release and located on the bow of the ship, are called anchors. In addition to these, there are one or two spares stored nearby. Small anchors, used to pull a vessel from place to place by delivery, are called verps. The heaviest verp is called a stop anchor.
ANCHOR ROPE- a chain attached to an anchor.
YACHT- a vessel that has neither military nor commercial significance and serves for the purposes of water sports or recreation.

AUTONOMY Duration of voyage without replenishment.

AZIMUTH (celestial navigation) the angle between northern part the plane of the true meridian of the observer and the vertical of the luminary.

AQUATORIA area of ​​water surface.

ANCHEROK barrel without tap for fresh water. There is a glass suspended from the cork inside

ANTI-CYCLONE is an area of ​​high atmospheric pressure with air movement around its center clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere).

APSEL mizzen-staysail on two-masted yachts (keechs, iols).

ARMOCEMENT (ferocement) is a type of reinforced concrete with a high degree of reinforcement, a structural material for the construction of yachts and ships.

OUTRIGER 1. Side float on proa type vessels. 2. Shot of a half-yard with a butt on a hinge at the mast, to remove the braces from the shrouds. (see shot).

AFTERPEAK is the outermost aft, non-residential compartment of the yacht.

BACKSTAY is a standing rigging tackle that secures the mast from the top to the stern

STERN POST element of the longitudinal frame of the yacht's hull, vertically or inclined, attached to the keel

BUTTERFLY - a method of carrying sails on yachts with an oblique sailing equipment, when at full courses the bow sails are moved to the side opposite to the stern sails to increase speed and stability on the yacht's course.

TANK - a superstructure at the bow end of the yacht. The bow part of the deck is often called the forecastle (see foredeck).

BAKAN (BUCKEN) is a floating navigational situation sign installed at anchor on the border of the fairway or shipping channel, mainly on rivers.

BACK - a piece of wood that connects the keel to the stem.

BACKSTAY - 1. Course when the angle between the yacht's DP and the direction of the wind line is more than 90 * and less than 180 *; 2. Standing rigging tackle, securing the mast to the side and aft; 3. For the bowsprit - see water backstays 180*.

BAKSHTOV - a cable released behind the stern of an anchored ship to secure (take on bakshtov) another ship.

BALAST - a load placed inside or outside the hull of a yacht to provide the necessary

BALLAST is a load placed inside or outside the hull of a yacht to ensure the necessary draft and stability. They are divided into liquid (fuel, water) and solid (placed in a housing, poured into a false keel, etc.).

BALLER - a structure with an axis of rotation or a shaft, rigidly connected at the bottom to the rudder blade, and at the top to the tiller.

BALUN - a forward, additional, fully tailored sail for light winds on full courses. Sails of a similar purpose - bender, drifter, reacher.

BALESS - a step in the form of a turned lath.

BANK - 1. A seat on small undecked boats, which also serves to spread the sides; 2. Separately located shoal of limited size.

BOW - a piece of canvas sewn onto a sail to reinforce it in places where the reef eyelets are pierced.

BAR - 1. Unit of pressure. 2.Swell-like sediment bank in coastal areas.

BARBARA - additional outhaul of the jib clew to the deck.

BARKHOUT - a thickened belt of outer skin in the waterline area.

RUNNING RIGGING - gear used to set up a movable spar and sails, as well as to control them.

BEYDEWIND - a course when the angle between the center line of the yacht and the wind direction is less than 90*. Steep close-hauled - if the angle is less than 45 *, full - more than 60 *.

BEYFOOT - 1. A ring made of leather-covered cable or iron for attaching a yard or gaff to a mast or topmast; 2. A simple raks-yoke, if the boom (gaff) has a mustache.

BENZEL - tying two thick cables with a line or heel.

BERMUDA SAIL - a rectangular, triangular, oblique sail, has high aerodynamic characteristics, allows the yacht to sail close-hauled.

GAZERBOA - a suspended seat (board) for lifting a person onto the mast or for working outside the yacht.

MIZAN - the lower oblique sail on the mizzen mast.

MIZAN MAST - the stern mast on multi-masted sailboats, as well as on two-masted yachts, if it is lower than the front one (on an iole, a keech).

BIMS - below-deck beam of the transverse frame of the yacht hull.

BITENG-metal cabinet on deck cruising yacht for fastening cables.

BLIND is a straight sail, installed on ancient sailing ships under the bowsprit.

BLINDOWS - a spacer pole for deflecting backstays.

BLOCK - a pulley with a fixed axis and a groove around the circumference to change the direction of pull of a cable or chain.

BLOOPER (BIGBOY) - an auxiliary, oblique, flying, pot-bellied sail, raised from the spinnaker downwind.

BOKANTS - small shots on the forecastle for carrying the foresail tacks or shots on the BOKANTS - small shots on the forecastle for carrying the fore-tacks to the wind or on the poop for removal and protection from rubbing against the hull and rigging of the braces.

BON - a floating, lightly submerged structure with a deck, fixed in place (to the shore, at anchor, behind the poles), intended for mooring small vessels or other special purposes (barrage, crossing, etc.).

BORA is a strong, gusty, cold wind blowing from the slopes of mountains near the sea.

BORG - standing rigging rigging on which the lower yard hangs.

BOARDSAILING - sailing on a board (windsurfing, windglider, etc.).

SIDE - the side wall (side) of the yacht's hull from stem to stern.

SIDE LIGHTS - ship navigation lights indicating the side of the vessel (right - green, left - red).

BOUT - a reinforcing, vertical, oblique or sector lining on a sail made of canvas or tape in places of special loads, chafing, punching (sewn in) of eyelets, cringles, gats.

FRONT MISTA - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the topmast.

FIRESHIELD - a vertical shield covering the main entrance to the yacht's cabin.

BRACE is a running rigging tackle attached to the toe of a spinnaker boom or yard and serves to rotate them in a horizontal plane and hold them at the desired angle.

Windlass - a deck mechanism with a horizontal axis of rotation, designed for raising the anchor and removing cables when mooring.

BRESHTUK - a connection connecting the clamps to the stem or sternpost.

BRIDEL is an anchor chain (cable), attached by the root end to a dead anchor on the ground, and by the running end to the road mooring barrel (buoy, floating pier, boom, etc.).

BREEZE is a wind in coastal areas that changes its direction during the day under the influence of temperature differences between land and water surfaces (from sea to land during the day, from land to sea at night).

BRIFOCK - a quadrangular sail with a free luff, raised on the front mast on a brief yard. Unlike the foresail, the briefs are not tied to the yardarm.

THROWING END - a light rope with a load (lightness) at the end. With its help, mooring lines are supplied.

BROCHING is a phenomenon of complete loss of controllability in tailwinds, when the yacht suddenly falls over the chine and the rudder comes out of the water.

BRUKANETS - a protective umbrella made of waterproof fabric around the mast in the area of ​​the pärtner, preventing water from entering the hull of the yacht.

YOKEL - an iron hoop placed on a spar to strengthen it or connect its component parts.

BUER - 1. A small (up to 20 m), flat-bottomed, single-masted Dutch coastal vessel with a sprint or gaff rig and shwerts.m and shverts. 2. Sailing yacht on skates for gliding on ice and snow crust.

BUOY - 1. A floating navigational situation sign standing at a dead anchor. Serves, as a rule, to fence off dangerous places, as well as to indicate the axes, sides, and turns of recommended fairways. 2. Buoyancy connected through a buoy to a dead anchor. Used for mooring yachts.

BUYREP - 1. A cable connecting a buoy to a dead anchor. 2. A cable with buoyancy (buoy) on the surface and the root end on the anchor trend, to indicate the place of anchor release, and, if necessary, to facilitate its separation from the ground.

TOWING - traction of one vessel (towed) by another vessel (tug) with the help of a towing rope (tug), or by pushing, or by a log (towing a vessel moored side to the tug).

TOWING LIGHT - A yellow light at the stern of the towing vessel.

BULBOKEEL - a design of a finned yacht keel with a heavy ballast (bulb) of a streamlined shape attached to the lower edge.

BOWLINE - 1. A thin cable (line) inside the luff of a slanting sail, used to adjust the profile of the sail. 2. Tackle for moving forward the windward, side luff straight sail.

BAY - a small bay separated from the sea by capes or islands.

CABLE COIL - 1. Cable or tackle coiled in circles or figures of eight. 2. Packaging a new cable in the form of a hollow cylinder.

BUSHPRIT - a horizontal or inclined spar tree that protrudes forward from the bow of the yacht and serves to carry the stays and tack angles of the jibs.

BULL-PRIDE - see Gorden.

CABLES are standing rigging gear that secures the mast from the sides. The lower ends of the shrouds are attached to turnbuckles (eyefaces), through which the loads are transferred to the shrouds (special fittings, deck fittings) fastened to the hull frame.

WATER BACKSTAYS - gear that attaches the bowsprit to the sides of the yacht.

WATERWAYS - 1. Thick, wooden beams running along the sides of the yacht and forming part of the deck flooring. 2. Water flow on the open deck along the sides.

WATER-VULING - fastening the bowsprit to the cutwater (cable, chain, etc.).

WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the hull of the yacht and dividing - WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the hull of the yacht, dividing the side into surface and underwater. 2. The curve of a theoretical drawing of a ship's hull, formed by the intersection of the hull surface with a horizontal plane.

WATER-STAY - standing rigging gear that secures the bowsprit downwards (the stem).

WATCH SERVICE (WATCH) is the main type of duty on ships, ensuring their navigation, safety and survivability. All information about the operation of the vessel, the operation of its mechanisms, changes in personnel, etc. are entered in the logbook.

WELPS - ribs on the capstan drum (windlass) that prevent the cable from slipping.

ANCHOR SPINDLE - the longitudinal rod of the anchor.

VERP - auxiliary, imported anchor on a ship.

VERPOVING - movement by pulling up to a rope, which is brought to the right place on a boat.

VERTICAL (luminaries) - a large circle on the celestial sphere, passing through the zenith, nadir, and luminary.

SWIVEL - 1. Kreugovy hinge. 2. Screw tightening mechanism (see lanyard).

MILESTONE is a floating navigational sign designed to fence off dangers and indicate the sides of the fairway. Consists of a pole on a sprit buoy and a golik or other top figure.

TAKING REEFS - Reducing the area of ​​the sail for oblique sails - by tying the lower part with reefers or winding it on a boom, and for straight sails - by tying the upper part of the sail to the yard.

WINDGLIDER, WINDSURFING - see boardsailing.

WINDSAIL - a rotating, obliquely cut ventilation pipe on the deck.

CUTTER - the front part of the stem, protecting it from damage.

ARMAMENT OF A SAILING SHIP - a set of sails, spars, rigging, deck mechanisms and practical things intended for setting, cleaning and controlling sails. There are two main types of sailing rigs: oblique, with sails parallel to the centerline plane (DP) of the hull, and straight, with sails on yards, perpendicular to the DP of the vessel.

RESTORATION OF A DOORBOAT (CATAMARAN) - lifting a dinghy (catamaran) onto an even keel when it has laid its sails on the water or made an overkill turn.

VULING - 1. Cable hoists placed closely next to each other on a single-shaft mast to strengthen it. 2. See water-wooling.

SELECT - pull up the tackle (cable), ensuring its tension. The opposite action is to poison.

SELECTION - 1. A step made of cable with cables. 2. Whitened sea knot.

VEMBOVKA - a wooden lever for rotating the spire manually.

PICKING - wave vibration, unsteady elastic vibrations of the hull, caused by impacts of the bottom and sides on the water - slamming and water rolling onto the deck.

LIGHT HEIGHT - the angle between the plane of the true horizon and the direction towards the luminary.

SHOT - a spar tree resting on another spar tree, side or hull structure for the removal of gear or rigging. See also - outrigger.

HARBOR is a coastal part of the water surface protected from waves, intended for the mooring of ships.

HACK - a hook used to lift or secure a load.

HACKBOARD - the upper part of the stern or stern superstructure, from the shell to the gunwale, for mooring ships.

HAK - a hook used for lifting or securing a load

HACKBOARD - the upper part of the stern or stern superstructure (poop) of the vessel from the shell to the gunwale.

TAIL LIGHT - towing light (yellow) placed at the stern of the towing vessel.

GALS - 1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind without taking into account the angle to the wind. There are right and left tacks, based on the name of the bortayo, into which the wind blows. 2. Tackle, a waist, with the help of which the lower, windward corner of the sail is held - the tack.

GULFWIND - course relative to the wind, when the angle between the yacht's DP and the wind direction is 90 * (half the wind).

latrine - 1. Toilet on the yacht. 2. The platform above the cutwater served as a latrine in ancient sailing ships.

LATILE FIGURE - bow decoration (sculpture) on sailboats.

HANDICAP - a coefficient or value measured in seconds used for comparative assessment of the results shown in races by yachts with different racing scores.

GARDEL - running rigging gear for lifting lower yards and gaffs.

GAT - a hole in a sail, spar or hull structure for wiring gear, placing pulleys, etc.

GAFEL - an inclined spar tree, raised along the mast and resting against it with the heel. The gaff is used to stretch the upper luff of oblique quadrangular sails along it, as well as to fasten the clew corners of topsails. Sails raised on a gaff are called gaff rigs, and the rigging of a vessel with such sails is called a gaff rig.

HELMPORT - a cutout in the lower part of the stern or sternpost of the vessel for routing the rudder stock. A helm port pipe is usually installed above the helm port (watertight), in which the rudder stock is hung.

GENOA is a large, wide jib with a clew extending beyond the mast of the yacht.

The boom is a horizontal spar resting with its heel on the mast through a swivel (for sails - aft of the mast). It is used to stretch the lower luff of the oblique sail and is called (mainsail-gikyo, mizzen-gik, etc.). Equipped with: gika-shkotomyo, topenantomyo, gikayo quickdraw, block-haul. To stretch the lower luff, the boom is equipped with a sheet (main sheet, mizzen sheet, etc.), and for taking reefs - pendants and reef tackles. The boom with a patent reef has a special rig. The boom for the head sails (jib-boom, jib-boom) rests through a swivel on a fitting near its forestay. See also spinnaker boom.

GINI-tales with increased block sizes, number of pulleys and thickness of lapars. Giniyos, at a minimum, have two three-pulley or two- and three-pulley blocks.

GITS - running rigging gear for pulling the clew corners of a straight sail or the luff of a slanting sail to the gaff and mast when retracting it.

VERB-GAK - a folding hook held in working position by a special chain link.

Planing is a mode of movement of a yacht, in which, under the influence of the dynamic forces of water, its landing changes - the bow rises and the stern settles, while the speed increases (the vessel goes on planing).

STEAL - give the boat forward motion using special helical movements of the stern oar.

GONG is a metal device in the shape of a plate for producing sound signals.

GOLIK - wicker top figure on a milestone.

RACES - yacht competitions. They are divided into class races - for yachts of the same class (or with equal racing points) and handicap races - with different races. points.

RACING YACHT - sailing yachts designed to participate in races. They are divided into yachts of international, Olympic and national classes.

RACING SCORE - a value expressed in meters or feet and indicating the speed potential - the racing power of the yacht. It is obtained as a result of measuring the hull, sails and calculations using special formulas.

GORDEN - 1. a lifting device consisting of a fixed single-pulley block and a cable (pendant) passed through it. 2. Running rigging gear for pulling the luff of a straight sail to the yard. A pride that pulls up the sail by the middle of the luff is called a bull-gorden.

GREP - the lower part of the cutwater.

GROT - an oblique sail, raised on the main mast (to the stern) of a yacht with an oblique rig, or straight, the lowest sail on the main mast of a yacht with a straight rig.

MAIN MAST - the second from the bow and subsequent ones, except for the stern one, masts on a multi-mast sailing ship; middle mast on a three-masted ship; higher or second, with equal height. on a two-masted ship; mast if she is alone.

Mainsail-sheet - gear that stretches the lower luff of the mainsail along the boom.

GRUNTOV - a piece of cable securing the travel boat to the dinghy beams.

VISIBILITY RANGE - the maximum distance at which an object can be seen in the sea. There are geometric, optical and meteorological visibility ranges.

DEVIVATION - (for a magnetic compass) the deviation of the sensitive element (magnetic needle, card) of the compass from the direction of the magnetic meridian under the influence of the ship’s own magnetic field.

DEADWOOD - the underwater part of the stern or bow of a vessel at the junction of the keel with the sternpost or stem. On yachts it is densely filled with wood, plastic, cement, tanks, etc.

FITTINGS - the general name for some removable elements of equipment on a yacht (portholes, doors, ladders, railings, brackets, blocks, etc.).

DINGY is a type of single racing dinghy (crew - 1 person).

DP - diametral plane (yachts).

DIRIK-FAL - running rigging gear for lifting and holding the gaff at an angle.

TRIM - the inclination of the ship in the longitudinal plane.

BOTTOM - the recessed, underwater part of the ship’s hull plating.

GET - see choose.

DREK - boat anchor.

DREKTOV - anchor rope of a boat anchor.

DRIFT - the drift of a moving yacht from its course line under the influence of the wind, without taking into account the current. Drift is measured by the angle of drift enclosed between the wake (track line) and the yacht's DP.

ZHVAKA-GALS is a special device or attachment point for the main end of the anchor rope (chain) on a ship.

SURVIVABILITY - the ability of a vessel to maintain its operational and seaworthiness when damaged. It is ensured by unsinkability, fire safety, reliability of technical equipment and crew preparedness.

BALL-TALI - gear for holding the boom, preventing it from spontaneously being thrown to the other side at full heading.

LAY - 1. Secure the end, the cable. 2.Lay a tack (jarg) - a long movement on one tack.

ZENIT - on the vertical, the point of intersection of the perpendicular through the observer to the horizon plane.

NAVIGATION SIGNS - landmarks and structures that serve to ensure the safety of navigation of ships (lighthouses, leading signs, buoys, buoys, milestones).

PORTHOLE - a glazed opening in the side, superstructure, upper deck of a yacht.

IOL - type of two-mast weapon sailing yacht with a mizzen mast behind the steering gear.

TRUE COURSE - course yachts taking into account magnetic declination and deviation.

CABLES - a distance of 1/10 part of a nautical mile (= 185.2 m).

CABLE - the original component of a plant cable, twisted from plant fiber.

KALISHKA (kanga) - a random curl or twist of the cable that prevents its free passage through the block pulley, fairlead, etc.

GALLEY - kitchen on a yacht.

CUNNINGHAM - soft, tacked Bermuda-cut sails (mainsail, mizzen).

CARRIAGE - an adjustable or movable device on the chase for transferring the direction of the boom-sheet pull.

CARD - a sensitive element of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.

CAT - a hoist or pendant for lifting the anchor on board, usually through a cat-beam.

CAT-BALKA - a shot on the foredeck to lift the anchor on board.

CATAMARAN is a yacht with two parallel hulls connected along decks. Has increased lateral stability.

ROCKING - vibrations of a yacht under the influence of waves, divided into longitudinal (keel) and transverse (side).

CABIN - yacht living space.

KECH is a type of rig on a two-masted sailing yacht with a mizzen mast in front of the steering gear.

keeling - 1. Artificial tilting of the yacht until the keel is exposed while moored (for cleaning the hull, repairs, etc.) 2. Dragging the offending sailor at the end under the keel of the vessel.

KEEL - the main beam of the longitudinal frame, lying in the DP of the ship.

KEEL BLOCK - an element of a supporting device for placing a yacht on land.

WAY - a formation of ships sailing in one line one after another.

WAKE JET - a trace on the surface of the water behind a moving yacht.

KILSON - (flor-timber) longitudinal connection of the bottom part of the frames.

KIPA - a diverting device on the deck for guiding the sheet of the head sail (staysail) to the winch, cleat.

BAY PLANK - a device for changing the direction of gear and preventing its breaks.

CLAMP - a stopper in the form of a lining on a spar tree that prevents the gear covering this tree from slipping.

KLEVANT - a cylindrical wooden block for attaching signal flags to halyards and other line connections.

CLASH - a thin line placed around the cable when it is braided.

CLANTERING is a type of rigging work in which thin strips of tarred canvas (clate) are placed on the cable, and then a cage.

JIVER - 1. An oblique, triangular sail, which is placed in front of the jib. The next sail in front of it is called a boom jib. If the jib is placed without attachment to the forestay (with a free luff), then it is called flying. 2. Head sail on a boat equipped with a split foresail.

KLOTIK - a wooden or metal blind washer worn on the top.

HAWKE - a hole in the bulwark, deck or side, edged with a rod or casting, used for guiding a cable or chain.

KLAMSY - thick belts, strengthened on the inside of the side of the ship, on which beams are placed.

KNEKHT is a part of a mooring device in the form of paired metal bollards on a common foundation attached to the deck. Mooring lines are laid in figures of eight.

BOOK - a plate (piece of wood) of a triangular or trapezoidal shape that connects the beams of the ship's hull that converge at an angle.

KNOP - a knot in the form of a thickening at the end of the cable.

KNYAVDIGED - the upper part of the cutwater.

COCKPIT is an open-top, enclosed space on a yacht for the crew to work while underway. A common self-draining cockpit is a small recess in the deck.

COAMINGS - vertical, waterproof fencing for hatches and other openings in the deck of a ship, as well as the threshold at the entrance to the room.

COMPASS (magnetic) is a navigation device, the operation of which is based on the use of the property of a magnetic needle to be installed in the direction of the lines of force of the external magnetic field.

COMPASS COURSE - the yacht's compass course.

COMPROMIS is a type of hull of a ballasted (keel) yacht with a centerboard.

THE END- 1.Not a metal cable on a yacht. 2. The actual ends of the tackle, one of which

the main one (fixed), and the other one is the running one (movable).

COUNTERTIMBERS - an inclined beam of a longitudinal frame, which is a continuation of the sternpost in the presence of a stern overhang.

BUTTERFORCE - 1. Spacer in a link of the anchor chain. 2. Spacer at the bulwark posts or rail posts.

ROOT END - see End.

STERN - the end of the yacht, starting from the afterpeak bulkhead and ending with the sternpost (countertimber) and transom (if equipped).

STERN LIGHT - white light at the stern of the vessel (COLREG-72).

YACHT HULL - the basis of the yacht, consisting of the outer shell (outer plating, upper deck flooring, superstructures and deckhouses), supported by frame and bulkheads.

OBLIQUE SAIL - see Armament.

KOSH - metal inner frame of the cable loop (ogan).

COFFEE NAGEL - a metal or wooden pin for laying gear.

COFEL-NAIL PLAN - a massive, rigidly fixed strip at the mast or side with holes for dowel pins.

CRUMBALL - see Cat-beam.

FRANCH - a device used to absorb impacts and protect the side of the yacht from a pier or other vessel at moorings and anchorages.

FENDER BOARD - board, suspended from the side of the yacht between the pier and the fenders.

SPREAD - 1. Spacer that removes the shrouds from the mast. 2. Cross beam placed on the long saling. 3.Protrusion on the bit to support the chain hose.

CRUISING - sailing (walking) on ​​a yacht from port to port, along a specific route.

ROLL - inclination of the yacht in the transverse plane (around the longitudinal axis).

KRENGEL - a ring, loop, half ring sewn into the sail at the luff or luff.

STEP COURSE (SHARP COURSE) - close-hauled. Steep (sharp) walking - the ability to keep the yacht in a steep close-haul without losing speed. The opposite is to walk around.

CIRCULAR LIGHT - a white light with a circular glow, usually displayed on a ship at anchor. For more details, see COLREG-72 and anchor lights.

CRUYS-BEARING - determining the position of the yacht by bearings to a landmark, course and distance traveled.

KUBRIK - a room on a yacht for accommodating crew and equipment.

HEADING ANGLE - the horizontal angle between the yacht's DP and the direction to the landmark.

YACHT COURSE - the horizontal angle between the northern part of the meridian and the direction of movement. There are compass (CC), magnetic (MC) and true (IR) courses.

YACHT COURSE RELATIVE TO THE WIND - the angle between the wind direction and the yacht's DP. There are: close-hauled, halfwind, backstay and jibed (right or left tack).

CUTTER - see tender.

KET is a boat with an oblique mainsail and a rotating mast placed on the foredeck.

TACKING - moving a yacht towards a target located to windward on close-hauled courses, periodically changing tacks (zigzag).

LAG - a device (device) for measuring the speed (distance traveled) of a ship.

LAGLIN - a line with special markings for hand and outboard logs.

LAGOM - the position of moored vessels or underway "relative to each other when they are aligned side to side."

LATA - a thin, flat flexible strip made of wood or plastic, inserted into a batten pocket sewn from the luff on a Bermuda-cut sail. Serves to give the sail the correct aerodynamic profile.

LATIN WEAPON - oblique armament with a triangular sail attached to a long, inclined rake (ryu).

WINCH - a mechanism for increasing traction when selecting gear by transmitting forces through gears of various diameters.

LEVENTIK - the position of the yacht with its bow against the wind when the sails stop working.

LEDGES - half beams, timber between carlings.

LINE - 1. A metal rod or cable along a spar for tying sails. 2. Fencing the upper deck of the yacht. Consists of metal railings

racks and cables or rods-rails stretched between them. See also - railing.

LYING IN DRIFT - being under the influence of external forces (wind, current), without using them for purposeful movement.

FLYING SAILS - those bow sails that are not attached along the luff to the forestays and are usually set in light winds.

LIGHTWEIGHT - a canvas bag with sand braided on top. Attaches to the throwing end and facilitates targeted throwing.

LIKPAZ - a semi-closed groove on (in) the spar tree, into which the lycrop or luff sliders of the sail are inserted, which ensures quick and convenient setting and retracting of the sail. Likpaz is also the main element of the forestay pier.

LIKTROS is a vegetable or synthetic rope of flat lay, which is sewn to the edge of the sail (luff) to increase its strength and fasten it to the spar. For jibs (jibs) on yachts, flexible steel cables are used, which are sewn into the luffs of the sails.

LINEK - a short tip, with a knot at the end, for punishing sailors in the old navy.

LIN - vegetable or synthetic, usually braided rope with a circumference of up to 25 mm.

Widely used in sailing (for lacing covers, flag-falls, lots, throwing ends, etc.).

TRAIL LINE - the line along which the vessel actually moves relative to the ground, taking into account drift and drift.

LISEL - the lower flying sail of direct weapons, is placed on a special spar tree - fox-spirit. On yachts it is placed under the boom at full heading.

LOXODROMIA - a line on the earth's surface that intersects all meridians at the same angle. On nautical charts in the Mercator projection, rhoxodrome

represented by a straight line.

LONGA-SALINGI - longitudinal beams on the lower part of the top of the mast or topmast, which, together with spreaders and chicks, serve as the basis of the topsail or salinga.

LOPAR - part of the cable located between blocks or deadeyes.

LOT - a device (device) for measuring depths from the side of a ship.

LOTLINE - a line with a special marking of a hand lot to which a load is attached.

LOCATION - 1. Section of navigation that studies the conditions of navigation in the water basin.

2. The name of the navigation manual containing a detailed description of individual areas of water basins, their banks, navigational conditions, etc.

PIlot - a specialist in piloting ships in a certain area. Sometimes he is required to be accepted on board, but in no way replaces the captain.

BILLLE - a recess in the hold of a ship for collecting water, oils, etc. - bilge water.

Grommet - a round hole in a sail, awning, etc., braided with a cable or crimped with a metal ring.

LUGER - 1. An oblique trapezoidal sail hoisted on a rack. 2. Vessel with a lugger.

HATCH - a hole in the deck of a yacht for the passage of people, lighting and ventilation of premises.

MAGNETIC DECLINATION - the angle between the geographic and magnetic meridians at the considered point on the earth's surface. Positive for eastern declination, negative for western declination.

MAGNETIC COURSE - course taking into account magnetic declination.

MARK-1. Method of sealing the end of the cable. 2. Mark on the tackle, line.

MARKIZOVA LUZHA - the ironic name of the Neva Bay - the eastern part Gulf of Finland near the mouth of the river. Not you. Under the command of the Marquis de Traverse (19th century), the Russian Baltic Fleet never went further than Kronstadt.

MARS is a platform at the top of the mast for distributing wall shrouds and working with sails.

MARSEILLE is the second straight sail from the bottom, placed between the tops yard and the lower yard.

MARTIN-GIK - a spar tree suspended vertically under the end of the bowsprit for jib and bom-stays and martin backstays. Set name - bowsprit shot.

MARTIN BACKSTAY - a cable running from the end of the Martin boom to the side of the ship.

MARTIN-STAG - a cable running from the end of the Martin boom to the end of the jig.

MAT - a mat or rug made of soft rope.

MAST is a vertical spar tree that rises above the upper deck and is located, as a rule, in the DP of the ship. On a yacht it is used to set sails.

MAYAK is a navigation structure with a light source and its own fire characteristic, which serves to determine the location of the vessel.

SHALLOW - part of a water basin with shallow or relatively shallow depths.

MEL - a section of the bottom separated from the shore by deep water.

MERCATOR PROJECTION - a normal, equiangular cylindrical projection, most common in the preparation of nautical charts.

MEASUREMENT LINE (MILE) - a section of coastal waters with special leading marks on the shore, intended for measuring speeds and log errors.

MIDEL-FRAME (MIDEL) - the line of intersection of the outer surface of the ship’s hull with a vertical, transverse plane dividing its theoretical length in half

MILE (nautical) - a unit of length equal to one arc minute of the meridian (1852 m.).

NAVIGATING TABLES - a collection of various tables necessary for solving navigational and astronomical problems.

COLREG-72 — International rules Collision Prevention, 1972

MUSING - a thickening (knot) in the middle or end of a vertically hanging cable that serves as a support for the legs.

MUSHKEL is a wooden hammer used for rigging and finishing work.

ON THE WAY - the term “underway” means that the ship is not at anchor, not moored to the shore and is not aground (COLREG-72).

YACHT HULL SET - a set of transverse and longitudinal beams that make up the skeleton of the yacht and the support for the hull.

WALK - touching the hull of a ship with a pier or the side of another ship without first extinguishing its own inertia.

WINDWARD (side, sheet, etc.) - located closer to the wind. The opposite side is leeward. To be upwind is to be on the side from which the wind is blowing.

NAVIGATION - 1. Navigation, shipping. 2. Section of the navigation course.

NAGEL - 1. A wooden or metal rod for fastening the hull and mast elements of a yacht. 2.See coffee dowel.

NADIR is the point of intersection of the vertical and the horizon line.

SUPERSTRUCTURE - an enclosed structure on the deck, extending from side to side.

BRACKETS - gear for securing equipment and property. To lash - to fasten.

DECK LAYER - its hard covering with wood, metal, plastic, etc.

NAUTOFON is an electromagnetic sound emitter that works in fog at individual lighthouses.

PATCH - reinforcement along the luff of a sail made of canvas.

POSITION MISCONNECTION - discrepancy between the calculated and observed positions of the vessel.

NEDGERS - beams on both sides of the stem, between which the bowsprit is attached.

UNSINKABILITY - the ability of a vessel to maintain buoyancy and stability when one or more compartments are flooded.

NIRAL - running rigging gear for cleaning oblique sails.

NOK is the free end of any horizontal or inclined spar.

The other end, which rests on the mast, is called the heel.

BOW - the forward end of the vessel.

ZERO DEPTH - conditional surface from which depths given are calculated

on nautical charts. Last year take the average long-term sea level, and in

tidal waters - the lowest possible level. In most European

maps for the year accept the average level of spring low waters.

HULL CONTOURS - the external outlines of the yacht’s hull, which largely determine the performance

high qualities, stability and seaworthiness, hull weight, displacement, capacity

cost, etc. Mainly divided into traditional (with elongated chin-

lem) and modern fin (dinghy type) lines.

LINK - sew on the lyktros.

YACHT MEASUREMENT - a special, control check of the dimensions of the hull, sailing gear

weapons, structural elements and equipment of the yacht for the purpose of establishing

its suitability for a particular class of yacht or for calculating a race score.

OBSERVATION - determination of the ship’s position based on observations of objects with known geo-

graphic coordinates (shore landmarks, radio beacons, stars, etc.).

SKINING - the surface material of the side of the yacht.

OVERKILL - turning over (capsizing) a yacht through (up) the keel (keel), like a re-

the result of an unsuccessful maneuver or a fall from a steep wave. Overkill is a common accident

sports dinghies. Techniques for their rapid restoration have been developed.

Overstay - a turn when the yacht changes tack with the bow crossing the wind line.

LIGHTS AND SIGNS - 1. Part C as part of COLREG-72. 2. Ship navigation lights and signs,

mandatory to be carried on board ships in accordance with COLREG-72, are a source of inter-

information from the courts necessary to assess the situation and ensure safe,

competent maneuvering and divergence.

OGON - loop at the end of the cable.

HOLD - slow down the turn of the yacht, the inertia when mooring, and prevent a pile-up.

BRAID - sealing (tying) the ends, braids, gear or spar with a thin line for

prevent gear from unwinding or snagging. See also - slandering.

ORTHODROMY - the arc of a great circle on the surface of the globe - the shortest distance

standing between two points.

DRAFT - deepening of the yacht.

EQUIPMENT - 1. The rigging system on the yacht is standing and running rigging. See also-weapon-

yachting. 2. The process of attaching the main ends and wiring the running ends of the gear.

STABILITY - the ability of a yacht, which has become heeled for any reason, to straighten

lie. Insufficient stability resulting from too high a center

gravity, makes the yacht a roll prone to capsize. Excessive stability

This leads to very sharp rolling, dangerous for the hull and spar.

SHARP COURSE - close-hauled. See also - steep course.

LEAVE - move the yacht away from the pier or other vessel.

GIVE AWAY - untie, unfasten, completely loosen the tackle, end. Give up the anchor - bro-

put it in the water and rip out the anchor end (chain).

DISTINGUISHING LIGHTS - See lights and signs.

SHALL - a shoal starting directly from the coastline.

GUARD - tackle, a device with traction, usually to the deck. Designed to control

connection with moving elements of the spar (booms, outrigger, etc.) or to ensure

creating the required thrust on the luffs of the slanting sails (canningham, barbara, etc.).

DEPARTURE - the difference between the meridians of the starting and final points of navigation,

calculated by the mean parallel in nautical miles.

PAYOL - flooring of the yacht's hold. As a rule, it is made completely or partially removable.

Groove - a gap between planks of sheathing or deck. The grooves are caulked, puttied

ut or fill with sealant.

PAL- 1.Hydraulic structure in the form of a separate support, designed for

mooring booms and ships. 2.Metal bar that prevents reverse

rotation of the spire.

PALGUN - the foundation of a spire with a gear rack around the circumference.

DECK - horizontal overlap of the main hull of the yacht along its entire length.

PANER is the moment when raising the anchor, when the anchor rope (chain) is vertical, and

the anchor has not yet separated from the ground.

SAIL is a propulsion device that converts wind energy into the work of useful thrust of the yacht (by type)

pu wing in the air flow). Sails come in hard (profiled) and soft

cues, from plant or synthetic materials.

SAILING WEAPONS - see the armament of a sailing ship.

PATENT-RIF - a device that allows you to wind a sail on a boom or on a rod inside

three booms for taking reefs.

BEARING - the angle between the vertical plane of the meridian and the vertical plane,

passing through the observer and the observed object. Similar to the courses,

There are compass (CP), magnetic (MP) and true (TP) bearings.

PENTER-HACK - a hook placed behind the claw or behind the bracket on the spindle of the anchor when it is raised

on the rustic or on the deck.

BULKHEAD - a wall dividing the interior space of the yacht into compartments (rooms

nia), as well as the outer wall of the superstructure or deckhouse. The load-bearing bulkhead is involved

in ensuring the overall strength of the case, waterproof - in ensuring

unsinkability of the ship.

RUDDER FEATHER - a flat or profiled element of the rudder that ensures the creation

lateral force and moment required to control the yacht. Located

in the stern area and is rigidly connected to the rudder stock.

PERTULINE - tackle (chain) holding the anchor by the bracket in the retracted position.

PERTS - cables stretched under the yard, on which sailors stand when working with sails.

PILLERS - a vertical post that supports the deck of a ship.

PIER - a pier on stilts, installed at an angle to the shore line.

Buoyancy is positive if the yacht remains afloat when completely flooded.

GUNSHIRE - a strip (beam) limiting the bulwark along the upper edge.

PLASTIC - coated, multi-layered, rectangle made of canvas with thimbles

along the perimeter, to close the hole in the side (apply, place a plaster).

Shoulder strap - a bar (rail) for moving sliders, carriages or piles along it.

Leeward - see windward.

PIDVOLOK - covering the ceiling in the interior.

VILLAGE - overhang of the stern of the yacht.

SELECT (PICK UP) - see choose.

HALFWIND - Gulfwind course.

FULL COURSE - jibe and backstay courses. In turn, courses such as beide-

The wind and backstay can also be full (closer to the wind) and steep (sharp).

TRAFFIC LANE - a certain area within which a one-stop

forward movement of ships.

SEMI-FLEASE - overhead fairlead with a cut for inserting a cable.

POMP - a mechanism for pumping liquids.

PONTON - a floating structure for supporting various devices on the water.

GROUNDING is an emergency stop of a vessel due to the keel or bottom touching the ground.

BALANCE BEAM - a beam reinforced along the freeboard protects the side

during pile-ups and during parking.

ADJUST (toward the wind) - change the course of the yacht closer (steeper) to the direction of the wind.

PRESSING - mooring lines supplied perpendicular to the vessel's DP.

TIDAL CURRENTS - horizontal movements of water particles caused by the action

tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun.

PROA is a type of catamatan with an outrigger-float located away from the main body.

LONGITUDINAL - moorings supplied from the bow forward, from the stern back.

STRAND - a component of a cable, in a vegetable cable it is twisted from heels, in a steel cable

twisted from identical wires.

STRAIGHT SAIL - see the rigging of a sailing ship.

TRAIL ANGLE (PU) - horizontal angle between the northern part of the true meridian -

on and line of the path.

PYARTNERS - a hole in the deck of a yacht through which the mast passes.

HEEL - 1. The end of the spar resting against the mast. The other, free end is a nok.

2. The outer (lower) part of the trend is at the anchor.

SPLIT FORE Sail, consisting of two parts: the front one - the jib and the back one -

foresail raised on a common rack (boat sail).

SINK - side overhang at the stern of the ship.

RAXES - metal rings or half rings, put on a forestay and tied to the front

on the luff of the jib or jib. On modern yachts, carabiners have been replaced -

mi or stay-pier.

RAX-BUGEL - 1. variant of the cable version of the bayfoot, when it is supplemented with rax-slime-

mi (wooden plates) and raks-klots (turned balls). 2.Ring with

a hook that runs along the mast and serves to lift the sail rake.

SPART TREE is the traditional name for a yacht spar, a set of over-

lube structures and parts of yacht rigs intended for

setting, unfastening and carrying sails (masts, yards, booms, bowsprit, etc.).

REVERSING - changing the direction of the force of a mechanical propulsion in the opposite direction

opposite (propeller, water cannon).

REGATTA is a sailing competition consisting of a series of races for various yachts.

RATK - 1. A spar, used for lifting the luff of an oblique, che-

a three-cornered, raked sail with a halyard laid behind the rax yoke. Unlike

from the gaff, the rack extends beyond the mast to the bow. 2. Staysail (jib)-boom. 3. Any thin

and a long spar element, used for the first time to carry sails on a yacht.

REY - a horizontal spar tree suspended from the middle and used for

attaching straight sails to it. The signal yard is designed for lifting

there are signal flags and signs (figures) on it.

RAID - an open, coastal part of the water surface intended for parking

vessels on mooring barrels, buoys or anchors.

RAILING - 1. A rigid, metal deck railing at the bow or stern of the yacht.

2. Railings - racks with longitudinal connections, replacing or extending

bulwark.

TURNIP - a special sealing of the end of the cable by weaving strands.

READERS - iron strips placed crosswise over the inner lining

or frames to increase the strength of the wooden hull.

RIF - underwater, or located just above the water level, a rock in shallow water.

RIF-BANT - a strip of canvas sewn onto the sail parallel to the luff

to increase its strength at the base of the reef sections (eyelets).

REEF GATES - (eyelets) holes in the sail through which reef lines are passed.

REEF-STERTS - see reef-sterns.

RIF-TALI - a hoist for pulling the luff to the yard (boom) when taking reefs.

REEF-PENDANT - gear for pulling the luff or luff to the boom

oblique sail when taking reefs.

REEF-SHTERTY (SHKERTY) - (reef seasons) short gear based in reef ghats (lu-

versakh), for tying the sail to the spar (rail) when taking reefs.

REEF SAILS - (take, take reefs), reduce the area of ​​​​the sails using special

nal devices, gear and techniques. See also patent reef.

RICHER - a fully tailored sail made of light fabric with a high clew

angle and a large sickle along the luff. Placed in place of the jib.

ROMBOVANTS - shrouds passing through spreaders and secured at both ends

on the mast. Diamond spokes, as a rule, fall slightly forward.

ROSTR-BLOCKS - stands for installing boats on board a vessel.

ROSTERS - 1. A set of spare spars on a ship. 2. A row of beams on the sail -

nicks resting on the deckhouse, and on the sides on racks, serve to accommodate

ship's boats.

ROLL - a drum rotating on an axis with a groove for a cable, used as part of

bales, fairleads, blocks, etc.

HOUSEHOLDING - a structure on the deck of a yacht, not reaching the sides, with windows, doors, etc.

RUDDER - a structure consisting of a rudder blade, stock and tiller.

RUMB is a unit of plane angle in navigation, equal to 1\32 parts of a circle (11.25*).

TILLER - a lever rigidly fixed in the upper part of the stock, perpendicular to the axis.

LOCKER - 1. A closed box for personal belongings, built into the bed. 2. Premises on

shore for storage of yacht property.

RUSLEN - a small platform on the outer side of the side for attaching the deadeyes of the cables.

RUSTOV - a chain or cable holding the anchor by the heel in the retracted position.

FISH - wooden slats sewn over frames to prevent

damage to both the cargo placed in the hold and the sides.

RYU- 1. Lath in lateen sailing equipment. 2.Predecessor of the gaff on sailboats

ships when he went forward behind the mast.

RYNDA - a special ringing (2 strokes) on the ship's bell. This ringing is used to indicate

time (beating bells).

RYNDA-BOWLINE - a short rope with a button at the end, tied to the tongue of the bell.

SALING - a spar assembly in the form of a frame, consisting of longitudinal (long-saling) and

pepper (spread) beams, their attachment to the mast (chicks) and serves to drain

bram and wall-rods.

PILE - a tool for rigging work, punching strands when weaving cables.

SKYLIGHT - a rectangular hatch in the deck of a yacht, fenced with a coaming.

SEGARS - rings that move freely along the mast (gaff) and serve for fastening

the luff of the sail to the spar.

SEZNI - ends for tying (tying) sails or parts thereof in assembled form.

SEY-TALI - hoists based between single-pulley and double-pulley blocks.

SEKSTAN - reflective type goniometric instrument for measuring celestial heights

luminaries and angles on the earth's surface.

SKY LIGHT - deck, skylight.

SKEG is an enclosing, vertical profile in front of the rudder on some yachts.

SKLIZ is the simplest lifting and lowering device with wooden paths for yachts.

DECLINATION-see magnetic declination.

BOTTLES - see bell.

CHINESE is the place of transition from the bottom to the side in the bow of the skin. There are sharp

curvilinear and “broken” cheekbones.

CHYGLE KEEL - a rib installed parallel to the DP of the yacht, from the bilge to the stern, forward

perpendicular to the skin, to reduce (calm) pitching.

SLABS - a line for attaching a sail (usually a trysail) to a mast or boat sail

SLEAMING - vibration of the hull when the bottom part of the bow end of the yacht is hit

about oncoming waves.

GEAR - vegetable, synthetic or steel cable, having a name and use -

used for setting, cleaning and controlling sails and masts on a yacht.

DELAY - deviation of the yacht from the course line under the influence of the current. Measured by the angle between

DP of the yacht and the route line, excluding wind drift.

SORLIN - a cable for lifting the rudder blade, detachable from the stock, or a cable (chain),

connecting the rudder blade to the body, to avoid loss of the rudder if it breaks.

SPINNAKER - triangular, isosceles, fully cut from lightweight fabric, front

a sail that is set on courses from gulfwind to jibe with windward

angle using a spinnaker boom and brace. The leeward brace is called a sheet.

SPINAKER-BOOM - a shot from the mast to move the spinnaker's throw angle into the wind.

SPLASH - connection of two cables of the same thickness.

Staysail - closest to the mast, forward, oblique sail.

Staysail-boom - see boom.

STANDING ANCHOR - the main anchor released from the bow.

STAR-KNITSA - a knuckle connecting the sternpost with the keelson.

MARKING SIGNS - coastal, paired navigational situation signs (lighthouses, farms

with shields, pyramids, etc.), designed to indicate direction, width

fairway, as well as for marking the measuring line.

STEM - stem on wooden ships.

Topmast - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the mast, raised with the help of

a wall-strap and held on the sides by a wall-shrouds, and at the rear by a wall-forduns.

STEPS - a wooden or metal socket (support) on the keel, in (on) which is placed

the mast with its spur.

STOP-ANCHER - an auxiliary, spare anchor, usually stowed on the poop deck.

STOPPER - 1. Device for clamping the running end. 2. Knot (button) at the end of the tackle, for

preventing it from spilling out of the block (bale).

STANDING RIGGING - see rigging.

STRINGER is a longitudinal element of the ship's hull frame. There are bottom, zygomatic,

side and deck stringer (carlings).

SLING- 1. A device made of cables for gripping (girth) and hanging from the hook of the load-

call. 2. A short end for tying something.

SHIP ROLE - list of crew and passengers with passport data, positions

on a yacht, recording the time and port of arrival/departure, on a form indicating the name

the vessel's location and its port of registry.

SHIP NAVIGATION LIGHTS - the main lights that all ships must carry in

sea: side, top, stern, towing, circular. See lights and signs.

GANDWAY - a portable ladder used to go ashore.

PATH CALCULATION - calculation of the coordinates and direction of movement of the yacht, taking into account the drift

fa and demolition. Hence the countable place.

TIDE TABLES - aids used to determine the moments of the onset

and heights of high and low waters every day, as well as heights of water levels at any

point in time at coastal points.

RIGGING - a set of gear for attaching and controlling the spar and sails.

The rigging is divided into standing ones - for securing the spar (shrouds, backstays, for-

dunes, stays), and running. The latter, in turn, is divided into running

rigging (spar halyards, braces, spar sheets, topenants, etc.) and running

sail rigging (sail halyards, nyrals, sail sheets, etc.).

TALI - traction, load-lifting device with manual or mechanical drive,

consisting of two single-pulley blocks (movable and fixed), through which

the cable is passed through. The presence of one lopar in the hoists reduces the applied force

doubled. See also hvat-tali, sei-tali, gini and lopar.

TURLEP - 1. A swivel, consisting of a body into which two steel rods are screwed -

ka with fittings for fastening tightened elements (gear, spar, etc.).

2. Eye eyes and a cable between them for tightening the standing rigging

TENDER (CUTTER) - a type of Bermuda sailing rig for single-masted yachts carrying

more than one headsail.

TOLBOY - a narrow, wing-shaped sail, which is paired with a reacher on courses 45 * -

120* to the wind, or with a spinnaker on sharp backstays.

BOOMBUY - a buoy tied with a thin cable (buyrep) to the trend of the anchor, to indicate

places where the anchor is released and the ability to lift the buoy on board. See buyrep.

TOP - the upper end of a vertical spar (mast, flagpole, etc.).

MASTER LIGHT - shining forward, white light on the mast, along the ship's DP. See COLREG-72.

TOPENANT - running rigging gear for holding parts at the desired angle to the deck

lei spar (reeves, geeks, etc.).

TOPRIK (TOPREP) - a cable or chain connecting the upper ends of two davits.

TRAVEL - the position when the bearing to the landmark is perpendicular to the yacht's DP.

ETCH - loosen, release or skip the cable while holding it. Reverse

action - choose.

TRANSOM - (transom board) flat, cut across the stern of the vessel.

TRANSOM PLATE - a plate hinged under the stern of a planing vessel, as an extension of its bottom, for adjusting trim and roll.

GALLERY - a staircase for communication between rooms on a yacht. Outboard - for lifting from a boat, out of the water.

TRAPEZE - a safety rope from the mast of a racing dinghy, for hanging the crew overboard when heeling (countering the wind, heeling moment).

TRAILER - a trailer for a car for transporting yachts, lowering them and lifting them out of the water.

TREND - the connection point between the arms and the anchor spindle.

TRIMARAN is a three-hulled yacht.

TRISEL- 1. Storm, oblique sail of reduced area, made of durable canvas. It is installed instead of the mainsail, with a free luff (without a boom).

2. On sailboats, a slanting, quadrangular sail tied to a gaff, boom and mast or to a (thin) trysail mast behind the main one.

ROPE - rope-rope product made of natural or artificial fibrous

materials or steel wire.

HOLD - the space in the hull of a yacht between the inner lining and the floorboards.

TUZIK is a small boat on a yacht, secured on the deck.

TURACHKA - capstan drum, windlass.

FALL (downwind) - change course so that the angle between the yacht’s DP and the wind direction increases. DRIFT ANGLE - see drift.

DEMOLITION ANGLE - see demolition.

BOOSTER - sea knot.

KNOT is a unit of speed accepted in navigation, equal to one nautical mile per hour.

WISHBON - a bent boom on both sides of the sail (for example, on a windsurfer).

CONTROLLABILITY - the ability of a yacht to obey the control of the rudder and sails. It largely depends on the weather and the competent work of the crew.

STABILITY (on course) - the ability of a yacht not to deviate from the main course. Depends on design features and crew qualifications. MUSTACHS - curved, wooden strips on the heel of the gaff or boom, covered with leather and clasping the mast. DUCK is a small two-horned bar for fastening the free end of the cable.

FAL - gear used for lifting individual parts of the spar, sails, flags, etc.

FALIN - a cable attached to the bow or stern eye of a boat.

BULK - a belt above the deck of a yacht, designed as a continuation of the side.

FALSEKILL - 1. A heavy casting or loaded cavity of a streamlined shape attached to the keel to provide (increase) stability. 2. Bars, stuffed from below onto the keel beam, to protect it from damage to the ground.

FAIRWAY - a safe passage for ships in an area of ​​navigational hazards.

FITTING - a fixed metal butt (device) for attaching gear to it.

FLOOR - the lower part of the frame frame.

FOC- 1. The lowest straight or oblique sail on the foremast. 2.Oblique, triangular

a sail (foresail staysail) hoisted on the forestay of a tender, sloop.

FORE MAST - the forward mast on a sailing ship with three or more masts. On a two-match

On commercial sailing ships, the front mast is the foresail, if it is lower or equal to the rear one.

FORDEWIND - 1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind, coinciding with its direction. 2.By-

gate when the yacht crosses the wind direction with her stern while changing tack.

FORDEK - the bow part of the deck of a ship.

FORDUNS - 1. Standing rigging carried from the top of the mast to the sides and stern,

complementing the backstays and, at times, replacing the backstay. 2. Standing tackle

crap, securing the topmasts from the sides and aft.

FORPIK - the outermost bow compartment of the ship.

FORE-beam along the contour of the bow of the vessel, rigidly connected to the keel.

LIGHT CHARACTERISTICS - the nature of the color and change in the glow of the navigation sign.

GRAB-HOIST - hoists consisting of single-pulley and double-pulley blocks.

WALK (on a yacht) - to be on board a yacht while sailing. See also - on the go.

RUNNING END - see end.

RUNNING LIGHTS - mouth. the name of a ship's navigation lights while the vessel is underway.

SNORING (SNORING) - a folding hook made of two hooks located towards each other.

CENTER OF LATERAL RESISTANCE - point of application of the resultant hydrodyne -

microscopic forces of water resistance to the lateral drift of the yacht.

YACHT CENTERING - reducing the horizontal distance between the center of sail and the center of lateral resistance of the yacht. CYCLONE is a vast air vortex around an area of ​​low pressure, moving counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere). H

CHICKSTAY - a device (hoist) for adjusting the tension of backstays (foreuns), when bringing more than one backstay into one tackle near the deck. CHICS - attachments in the form of short bars on the mast to support long salings.

MOORING - a rope (mooring rope) designed to secure the yacht at the pier

or on board another vessel. They are divided into longitudinal, clamping and spring.

MOORING - a set of actions to approach and secure the yacht to the mooring site.

MOORING DEVICE - spiers, bollards, fairleads, views and other equipment intended for mooring. CENTERBOARD - a device in the form of a fin that retracts into the hull of the yacht (centerboard well), and ensures stability and reduction of drift in the lowered position. DOORBOAT - a shallow-draft yacht with a centerboard and a lifting, hinged rudder.

DECORDS - centerboards hung from the sides of the yacht.

SHIRSTREK - the upper chord of the outer skin.

PENDANT - a short, soft cable with a fire, thimble or block at the end, designed for lifting loads. SHKERT (SHTERT) - a short and thin cable for auxiliary work.

SHKIMUSHGAR - single-strand hemp line.

clew - tackle attached to the lower corner of the straight or lower rear corner of the oblique sail (clew angle) and drawn towards the stern of the vessel. The sheet holds the lower luff of the sail in the desired position. The boom sheets are equipped with hoists that allow the boom to be set at the desired angle to the wind.

SLAG - one full turn of the cable around something.

SHLAGTOV - a steel beam inserted into the spur of the topmast to hold it in place.

SLOOP is a type of Bermuda sailing rig for single-mast yachts with one front sail - a staysail (foresail staysail). SLOOP-BEAMS - a device in the form of two beams with a mechanism for hanging, holding and lowering over the side of a boat. FRAMED - the main curved beam of the transverse frame, the basis for the cladding.

SPACING - the distance between the frames. There are constructive and theoretical.

SCUPPER - a hole for the free flow of water in a horizontal plane.

SPIRE - a large gate with a vertical axis, for selecting an anchor chain and mooring lines.

SPOR - the lower end of any vertical spar, as well as the inner end of the bowsprit. SPRING - longitudinal moorings from the bow towards the stern or from the stern towards the bow.

SPRINT (SPRINT) - a rack that diagonally stretches a quadrangular, sprint, oblique sail. SPRIT-BUY - buoyancy of the milestone.

SPRUYT is a cable guy that distributes the load to two or more points.

SHEET PUN BELT - belt hull plating adjacent to the keel.

STAY - standing rigging gear located in the yacht's DP and securing the mast from the bow. On yachts, the lowest forestay is the main one, coming from the top of the mast is the top stay, and between them there are intermediate stays. If the forestay is used to set a sail, then it is named after the name of the sail. Stay connecting tops

mast is called a stay-carnage. See also backstay.

STAY-PIER - a profile with a lip gap (for the jib rope) covering the stay.

POST - stem and sternpost.

SHTERT - see shketr.

ROD - a rod across the anchor spindle.

STEERING WHEEL - a heading movement control body in the form of a wheel connected to the steering wheel.

STURTROSS - a steel cable (chain) used to transmit force from the steering wheel to the steering wheel.

BAYONET is an element of a sea knot.

SCHOONER - a sailing vessel with a slanting rig and two or more masts. On two-masted schooners, the front mast is equal to or lower than the rear one.

EZELGOFT - a forged wooden piece or forging for fastening two spar trees, has two holes - quadrangular and round. The quadrangular one is put on the top or bottom of the spar, and the round one is used to pass additional wood. (mast - topmast, bowsprit - jib, etc.).

ERNST-BAKSTAGI - gear for holding the gaff by the end (from the sides and to the stern).

ESTUARY - a bay at the mouth of a river, in the area of ​​tidal currents.

UT - superstructure in the aft part. On yachts, the poop is the aft part of the deck.

YUFERS - a round, wooden block without a pulley, with three through holes, for wiring the lanyards.

ANCHOR LIGHTS - (white, all-round), ship's distinctive lights at anchorage.

YAL is a multi-oared (more than two) boat of the navy.

YACHT is a recreational vessel (sailing or motor), without tonnage restrictions.

Source: Central Maritime Club DOSAAF RSFSR. Publishing house DOSAAF. Moscow, 1987

§1. Spar.

Everything wooden is called a spar, and on modern courts and metal parts used for carrying sails, flags, raising signals, etc. The masts on a sailing ship include: masts, topmasts, yards, gaffs, booms, bowsprits, props, spears and shotguns.

Masts.

Salings and ezelgofts, depending on their location and belonging to a particular mast, also have their own names: for-saling, for-bram-saling, mast ezelgoft. for-sten-ezelgoft, kruys-sten-ezelgoft, bowsprit ezelgoft (connecting the bowsprit with the jib), etc.

Bowsprit.

A bowsprit is a horizontal or slightly inclined beam (inclined mast), protruding from the bow of a sailing ship, and used to carry straight sails - a blind and a bomb blind. Until the end of the 18th century, the bowsprit consisted of only one tree with a blind topmast (), on which straight blind and bomb blind sails were installed on the blind yard and bomb blind yard.
Since the end of the 18th century, the bowsprit has been lengthened with the help of a jib, and then a bom-blind (), and blind and bomb-blind sails are no longer installed on it. Here it serves to extend the stays of the foremast and its topmasts and to attach the bow triangular sails - jibs and staysails, which improved the propulsion and agility of the ship. At one time, triangular sails were combined with straight ones.
The bowsprit itself was attached to the bow of the ship using a water-vuling made of a strong cable, and later (19th century) and chains. To tie the wooling, the main end of the cable was attached to the bowsprit, then the cable was passed through the hole in the bowdiged, around the bowsprit, etc. Usually they installed 11 hoses, which were tightened in the middle with transverse hoses. From the sliding of the guards and stays along the bowsprit, several wooden attachments were made on it - bis ().
Bowstrits with a jib and bom-jib had a vertical martin boom and horizontal blind gaffs for carrying the standing rigging of the jib and bom-jib.

Rhea.

A ray is a round, spindle-shaped spar that tapers evenly at both ends, called noks ().
Shoulders are made at both legs, close to which perts, slings of blocks, etc. are pinned. Yards are used for attaching straight sails to them. The yards are attached in the middle to the masts and topmasts in such a way that they can be raised, lowered and rotated horizontally to set the sails in the most advantageous position relative to the wind.
At the end of the 18th century, additional sails appeared - foxes, which were placed on the sides of the main sails. They were attached to small yards - lisel-spirits, extended to the sides of the ship along the main yard through the yoke ().
Yards also take names depending on their belonging to one or another mast, as well as on their location on the mast. So, the names of the yards on various masts, counting them from bottom to top, are as follows: on the foremast - fore-yard, fore-mars-yard, fore-front-yard, fore-bom-front-yard; on the main mast - main-yard, main-marsa-ray, main-bram-ray, main-bom-bram-ray; on the mizzen mast - begin-ray, cruisel-ray, cruis-bram-ray, cruis-bom-bram-ray.

Gaffs and booms.

The gaff is a special yard, strengthened obliquely at the top of the mast (behind it) and raised up the mast. On sailing ships it was used to fasten the upper edge (luff) of the oblique sail - trysail and oblique mizzen (). The heel (inner end) of the gaff has a wooden or metal mustache covered with leather, holding the gaff near the mast and encircling it like a grab, both ends of which are connected to each other by a bayfoot. Bayfoot can be made of vegetable or steel cable, covered with leather or with balls placed on it, the so-called raks-klots.

To set and remove sails on ships with oblique rigs and mizzen oblique sails, the gaff is raised and lowered with the help of two running rigging gear - a gaff-gardel, which lifts the gaff by the heel, and a dirik-halyard, which lifts the gaff by the toe - the outer thin end ().
On ships with direct rigging, the oblique sails - trysails - are pulled (when they are retracted) to the gaff by gaffs, but the gaff is not lowered.
Booms are used to stretch the lower luff of oblique sails. The boom is movably fastened with a heel (the inner end to the mast using a swivel or mustache, like a gaff (). The outer end of the boom (knob) when the sail is set is supported by a pair of topenants, strengthened on one side and the other of the boom.
Gaffs and booms, armed with an oblique sail on the mizzen, began to be used in the Russian fleet approximately from the second half of the 18th century, and in the times of Peter the Great, a Latin yard (ryu) was hung obliquely on the mizzen to carry a Latin triangular sail. Such a yard was raised in an inclined position so that one leg (rear) was raised high, and the other was lowered almost to the deck ()
Having familiarized ourselves with each spar tree separately, we will now list all the spar trees according to their location on the sailing ship, with their full name ():
I - knyavdiged; II - latrine; III - crumble; IV - bulwark, on top of it - sailor's bunks; V - fore-beam and stay-stays; VI - mainsail channel and stay cables; VII - mizzen channel and shrouds; VIII - right sink: IX - balconies; X - main-wels-barhout; XI - chanel-wels-barhout: XII - shir-wels-barhout; XIII - shir-strek-barkhout; XIV - rudder feather.

Rice. 9. Spar of a three-deck 126-gun battleship from the mid-19th century.

1 - bowsprit; 2 - jig; 3 - bom-fitter; 4 - martin boom; 5 - gaff blind; 6 - bowsprit ezelgoft; 7 - rod guy; 8 - foremast; 9 - top of the foremast; 10 - fore-trisail mast; 11 - topmasts; 12 - mast ezelgoft; 13 - fore topmast; 14 - top fore-topmast; 15 - for-saling; 16 - ezelgoft fore-topmast; 17 - fore topmast, made into one tree with fore top topmast; 18-19 - top forebom topmast; 20 - klotik; 21 - fore-beam; 22 - for-marsa lisel-alcohols; 23 - fore-mars-ray; 24 - for-bram-lisel-alcohols; 25 - fore-frame; 26 - for-bom-bram-ray; 27 -for-trisel-gaff; 28 - mainmast; 29 - top of the mainmast; 30 - main-trisail-mast; 31 - mainsail; 32 - mast ezelgoft; 33 - main topmast; 34 - top of the main topmast; 35 - main saling; 36 - ezelgoft main topmast; 37 - main topmast, made into one tree with the main topmast; 38-39 - top main-bom-topmast; 40 - klotik; 41 - grottoes; 42 - grotto-marsa-lisel-spirits; 43 - main-marsa-ray; 44 - main-bram-foil-spirits; 45 - main beam; 46 - main-bom-bram-ray; 47 - mainsail-trisail-gaff; 48 - mizzen mast; 49 - top of the mizzen mast; 50 - mizzen-trysel-mast; 51 - cruise-mars; 52 - mast ezelgoft: 53 - topmast; 54 - top cruise topmast; 55 -kruys-saling; 56 - ezelgoft topmast; 57 - cruising topmast, made into one tree with cruising topmast; 58-59 - top cruise-bom-topmast; 60 - klotik; 61 - begin-ray; 62 - cruise-marsa-rey or cruisel-rey; 63 - cruise-bram-ray; 64 - cruise-bom-bram-ray; 65 - mizzen boom; 66 - mizzen-gaff: 67 - stern flagpole.

§2. Basic proportions of spar trees for battleships.

The length of the mainmast is determined by the length of the ship along the gondeck, folded to its greatest width and divided in half. The length of the foremast is 8/9, and the mizzen mast is 6/7 the length of the mainmast. The length of the main and foremast tops is 1/6, and the mizzen mast top is 1/8-2/13 of their length. The largest diameter of the masts is located at the forward deck and is 1/36 for the foremast and main mast, and 1/41 of their length for the mizzen mast. The smallest diameter is under the top and is 3/5-3/4, and the spur has 6/7 of the largest diameter.
The length of the main topmast is equal to 3/4 of the length of the main mast. The length of the topmasts is 1/9 of the entire length of the topmast. The largest diameter of the topmasts is found in mast ezelgofts and is equal to 6/11 of the diameter of the mainmast for the main and fore topmasts, and 5/8 of the diameter of the mizzen mast for the cruise topmast. The smallest diameter under the top is 4/5 of the largest.
The length of the topmasts, made into one tree with the boom topmasts and their flagpoles (or tops), is made up of: the length of the topmast equal to 1/2 of its topmast, the boom topmast - 5/7 of its topmast topmast and flagstaff equal to 5/7 of its topmast. The largest diameter of the topmast at the ezelgoft wall is 1/36 of its length, the boom topmast is 5/8 of the topmast diameter, and the smallest diameter of the flagpole is 7/12 of the topmast diameter.
The length of the bowsprit is 3/5 of the length of the mainmast, the largest diameter (at the bulwark above the stem) is equal to the diameter of the mainmast or 1/15-1/18 less than it. The lengths of the jib and bom jib are 5/7 of the length of the bowsprit, the largest diameter of the jib is 8/19, and the bom jib is 5/7 of the diameter of the bowsprit is 1/3 from their lower ends, and the smallest is at the legs - 2/3 largest diameter.
The length of the main yard is equal to the width of the ship multiplied by 2 plus 1/10 of the width. The total length of both legs is 1/10, and the largest diameter is 1/54 of the length of the yard. The length of the main-tops-yard is 5/7 of the main-yard, the legs are 2/9, and the largest diameter is 1/57 of the length of the main-tops-yard. The length of the main top-yard is 9/14 of the main top-yard, the legs are 1/9 and the largest diameter is 1/60 of this yard. All sizes of the fore-yard and fore-tops-yard are 7/8 of the size of the mainsail and main-tops-yard. The Begin-ray is equal to the main-marsa-yard, but the length of both legs is 1/10 of the length of the yard, the cruisel-yard is equal to the main-bram-yard, but the length of both legs is 2/9 of the length of the yard, and the cruis-brow-yard equal to 2/3 of the main beam. All bom-bram-yards are equal to 2/3 of their bram-yards. Blinda-ray is equal to for-Mars-ray. The largest diameter of the yards is in their middle. The yards from the middle to each end are divided into four parts: on the first part from the middle - 30/31, on the second - 7/8, on the third - 7/10 and at the end - 3/7 of the largest diameter. The mizzen boom is equal to the length and thickness of the fore- or main-tops yard. Its largest diameter is above the tailrail. The mizzen gaff is 2/3 long and 6/7 boom thick, its largest diameter is at the heel. The length of the martin booms is 3/7, and the thickness is 2/3 of a jig (there were two of them until the second quarter of the 19th century).
The main topmast is 1/4 the length of the main topmast and 1/2 the width of the ship. The fore-topsight is 8/9, and the cruise-topsight is 3/4 of the main topsea. The main saling has long salings 1/9 the length of its topmast, and spreaders 9/16 the width of the topsail. For-saling is equal to 8/9, and kruys-saling is 3/4 of grot-saling.

§3. Standing rigging spar.

The bowsprit, masts and topmasts on a sailing ship are secured in a specific position using special rigging called standing rigging. Standing rigging includes: shrouds, forduns, stays, backstays, perths, as well as the jib and boom jib of the lifeline.
Once wound, the standing rigging always remains motionless. Previously it was made from thick plant cable, and on modern sailing ships it was made from steel cable and chains.
Shrouds are the name given to standing rigging gear that strengthens masts, topmasts and topmasts from the sides and somewhat from the rear. Depending on which spar tree the cable stays hold, they receive additional names: fore-stays, fore-wall-stays, fore-frame-wall-stays, etc. The shrouds also serve to lift personnel onto masts and topmasts when working with sails. For this purpose, hemp, wood or metal castings are strengthened across the cables at a certain distance from each other. Hemp bleachings were tied to the shrouds with a bleaching knot () at a distance of 0.4 m from one another.

The lower shrouds (hemp) were made the thickest on sailing ships, their diameter on battleships reached up to 90-100 mm, the wall-shrouds were made thinner, and the top-wall-shrouds were even thinner. The shrouds were thinner than their shrouds.
The topmasts and topmasts are additionally supported from the sides and somewhat from the rear by forduns. Forduns are also named after the masts and topmasts on which they stand. For example, for-sten-forduns, for-bram-sten-forduns, etc.
The upper ends of the shrouds and forduns are attached to the mast or topmast using ogons (loops) put on the tops of masts, topmasts and topmasts (). Guys, wall-guys and frame-wall-guys are made in pairs, i.e. from one piece of cable, which is then folded and cut according to the thickness of the top on which it is applied. If the number of shrouds on each side is odd, then the last shroud to the stern, including the forduns, are made split (). The number of shrouds and forearms depends on the height of the mast and the carrying capacity of the vessel.
The shrouds and forduns were stuffed (tightened) with cable hoists on deadeyes - special blocks without pulleys with three holes for a cable lanyard, with the help of which the shrouds and forduns are stuffed (tensioned). On modern sailing ships, the rigging is covered with metal screw shrouds.
In former times, on all military sailing ships and large merchant ships, in order to increase the angle at which the lower shrouds and forduns go to the masts, powerful wooden platforms - rusleni () - were strengthened on the outer side of the ship, at deck level.

Rice. 11. Tightening the shrouds with deadeyes.

The shrouds were secured with shrouds forged from iron strips. The lower end of the shrouds was attached to the side, and the deadeyes were attached to their upper ends so that the latter almost touched their lower part with the channel.
The upper deadeyes are tied into the shrouds and forduns using lights and benzels (marks) (). The root end of the lanyard is attached to the hole in the shroud-jock using a turnbuckle button, and the running end of the lanyard, after tightening the shrouds, having made several slags around them, is attached to the shroud using two or three benzels. Having established turnbuckles between all the deadeyes of the lower shrouds, they tied an iron rod to them on top of the deadeyes - vorst (), which prevented the deadeyes from twisting, keeping them at the same level. The topmast shrouds were equipped in the same way as the lower shrouds, but their deadeyes were somewhat smaller.
The standing rigging gear that supports the spars (masts and topmasts) in the center plane in front is called forestays, which, like the lower shrouds, were made of thick cable. Depending on which spar tree the stays belong to, they also have their own names: fore-stay, fore-stay-stay, fore-stay, etc. The headlights of the stays are made the same as those of the shrouds, but their sizes are larger (). The forestays are stuffed with lanyards on forestay blocks ().
Standing rigging also includes perths - plant ropes on yards (see), on which sailors stand while working with sails on yards. Usually one end of the perts is attached to the end of the yardarm, and the other in the middle. The perths are supported by props - sections of cable attached to the yard.

Now let's see what the complete standing rigging will look like on a sailing 90-gun, two-deck battleship of the late 18th and early 19th centuries with its full name (): 1 - water stays; 2 - Martin stay; 3 - Martin stay from the boom stay (or lower backstay); 4 - forestay; 5 - for-elk-stay; 6 - fore-elk-stay-stay (serves as a rail for the fore-top-staysail); 7 - fore-stay-stay; 8 - jib-rail; 9 - fore-gateway-wall-stay; 10 - boom-jib-rail; 11 - fore-bom-gateway-wall-stay; 12 - mainstay; 13 - main-elk-stay; 14 - main-elk-wall-stay; 15-mainsail-stay; 18 - mizzen stay; 19 - cruise-stay-stay; 20 - cruise-brow-stay-stay; 21 - cruise-bom-bram-wall-stay; 22 water tank stays; 23 - jib-backstays; 24 - boom-jumper-backstays; 25 - fore shrouds; 26 - fore-wall-shrouds; 27-fore-frame-wall-shrouds; 28 - for-sten-forduns; 29 - for-bram-wall-forduns; 30 - for-bom-bram-sten-forduns; 31 - main shrouds; 32 - main-wall-shrouds; 33 - main-frame-wall-shroud; 34 - main-sten-forduns; 35 - grotto-gateway-wall-forduny; 36 - grotto-bom-bram-wall-forduny; 37 - mizzen shrouds; 38 - cruise-wall-shroud; 39 - cruise-bram-wall-shroud; 40 - kruys-sten-forduny; 41 - kruys-bram-sten-forduny; 42 - kruys-bom-bram-sten-fortuny.

§4. The order of application, places of traction and thickness of hemp standing rigging.

Water stays, 1/2 thick of the bowsprit, are inserted into a hole in the leading edge of the bowsprit, attached there and raised to the bowsprit, where they are pulled by cable turnbuckles located between the deadeyes. The water backstays (one on each side) are hooked behind the butts, driven into the hull under the crimps, and are pulled from the bowsprit like water stays.
Then the shrouds are applied, which are made in pairs, with a thickness of 1/3 of their mast. Each end assigned to a pair of cables is folded in half and a bend is made at the bend using a benzel. First, the front right, then the front left pair of shrouds, etc. are put on the top of the mast. If the number of cables is odd, then the latter is made split, i.e. single. The shrouds are pulled by cable lanyards, based between the deadeyes tied into the lower ends of the shrouds, and the deadeyes fastened at the channel with the shrouds. Fore and main stays are made 1/2 thick, mizzen stays - 2/5 of their masts, and elk stays - 2/3 of their stays (hemp cables are measured along the circumference, and spars - according to the largest diameter).
They are put on the tops of the masts so that they cover the long-salings with the lights. The forestay and forestay are pulled by cable turnbuckles on the bowsprit, the mainstay and mainstay are on the deck on the sides and in front of the foremast, and the mizzen stay branches into legs and is attached to the deck on the sides of the mainstay. mast or passes through the thimble on the mainmast and stretches on the deck.
The main-shrouds, 1/4 thick of their topmasts, are pulled on the top platform by turnbuckles, mounted between the deadeyes tied into the main-shrouds and the deadeyes fastened to the shrouds. The topmasts, 1/3 of the thickness of their topmasts, stretch on the channels like shrouds. The mainstays have a thickness of 1/3, and the elk-stays have a thickness of 1/4 of their topmasts, the fore-stay-stay is carried into a pulley on the right side of the bowsprit, and the fore-stay-stay - on the left. The main-stay-stay and the main-elk-stay-stay are carried through the pulleys of the blocks on the foremast and are pulled by the gypsum on the deck. The stay-stay cruise passes through the block pulley on the mainmast and extends on the topsail.
The standing rigging of the jib and boom jib is made 1/4 thick of its spar trees. Each marin stay is passed sequentially into the holes of its martin boom (there are two of them), where it is held with a button, then into the pulley of the block on the toe of the jig, into the pulley on the martin boom and on the bowsprit, and is pulled onto the forecastle. The jib backstays (two on each side) are tied with the middle end to the jib of the jib, their ends are inserted into thimbles near the legs of the blind yard and are pulled on the forecastle. The bom-jugger-backstay is also applied and pulled. The Martin stay from the boom jib is attached with the middle end to the end of the jib jib. and passing through the pulleys on the martin boom and bowsprit, it stretches to the forecastle.
The top stays and top stays are made 2/5 thick, and the top stays are made 1/2 of their top topmasts. The top shrouds are passed through holes in the saling spreaders, pulled up to the topmast and descended along the top shrouds to the top, where they are pulled by turnbuckles through thimbles at their ends. The fore-forestay passes into a pulley at the end of the jib and stretches on the forecastle, the main-forestay goes into a pulley on the fore-topmast, and the cruise-forestay goes into a pulley at the top of the mainmast and both are pulled on the deck.
Bom-bram-rigging is carried out and pulled like a bram-rigging.

§5. Running rigging spar.

Running rigging of a spar refers to all movable gear through which work is carried out related to lifting, selecting, pickling and turning spar trees - yards, gaffs, shots, etc.
The running rigging of the spar includes girdles and driers. halyards, braces, topenants, sheets, etc.
On ships with direct sails, the guards are used to raise and lower the lower yards with sails (see) or gaffs (its heels); dryropes for lifting the topsails, and halyards for lifting the top-yards and boom-yards, as well as oblique sails - jibs and staysails.
The tackle with which the toe of the gaff is raised and supported is called a dirik-halyard, and the tackle that lifts the gaff by the heel along the mast is called a gaff-gardel.
The gear that serves to support and level the ends of the yards is called topenants, and for turning the yards - brahms.
Now let's get acquainted with all the running rigging of the spar, with its full names, according to its location on the ship ():

Gear used for raising and lowering the yards: 1 - fore-yard girdle; 2 - for-mars-drayrep; 3 - fore-tops-halyard; 4 - fore-bram-halyard; 5 - fore-bom-bram-halyard; 6 - gardel of the mainsail; 7 - main-marsa-drayrep; 8 - mainsail-halyard; 9 main halyard; 10 - main-bom-brow-halyard; 11 - gardel-begin-ray; 12 - cruise-topsail-halyard; 13 - cruise-marsa-drairep; 14 - cruise halyard; 15 - cruise-bom-bram-halyard; 16 - gaff-gardel; 17 - dirk-halyard.
Gear used to support and level the ends of the yards: 18 - blind-toppenants; 19 - foka-topenants; 20 - fore-mars-topenants; 21 - for-bram-topenants; 22 - for-bom-bram-topenants; 23 - mainsail-topenants; 24 - main-mars-topenants; 25 - main-frame-topenants; 26 - main-bom-bram-topenants; 27 - beguin-topenants; 28 - cruise-marsa-topenants; 29 - cruis-bram-topenants; 30-kruys-bom-bram-topenants; 31 - mizzen-geek-topenants; 31a - mizzen-geek-topenant pendant.
Gear used for turning the yards: 32 - blind-tris (bram-blinda-yard); 33 - fore-braces; 34 - fore-tops-braces; 35 - fore-braces; 36 - fore-bom-braces; 37 - main-contra-braces; 38 - mainsail braces; 39 - main-topsail-braces; 40 - main-frame-braces; 41 - main-bom-braces; 42 - beguin braces; 43 - cruise-tops-braces; 44 - cruise-braces; 45 - cruise-bom-braces; 46 - Erins backstays; 47 - blockage; 48 - mizzen-gym-sheet.

§6. Wiring of the running rigging shown in.

The foresail and mainsail are based between two or three-pulley blocks, two are strengthened under the topsail and two near the middle of the yard. The begin-gardel is based between one three-pulley block under the topsail and two single-pulley blocks on the yard. The running ends of the guards are mounted on bollards.
The fore- and main-mars-drires are attached with the middle end to the topmast, their running ends are each carried into their own blocks on the yardarm and under the saling, and blocks are woven into their ends. Marsa halyards are based between these blocks and the blocks on the riverbeds. Their flaps are pulled through the side bollards. The cruisel-marsa-drayrep is taken with its root end in the middle of the yard, and the running gear is passed through a pulley in the topmast under the saling and a block of the top-sailing halyard is inserted into its end, which is based on a mantyl - the root end is attached to the left channel, and the hoist to the right.
The top and boom halyards are taken with the root end in the middle of their yard, and the running ends are guided into the pulley of their topmast and pulled by the hulls: the top halyards are on the deck, and the boom halyards are on the topside.
The gaff-gardel is based between the block on the heel of the gaff and the block under the cruis-tops. The main end of the halyard is attached to the top of the topmast, and the running end is carried through the blocks on the gaff and the top of the mast. Their running ends are attached to bollards.
The blind-toppings are based between the blocks on both sides of the bowsprit eselgoft and on the ends of the blind-yard, and their flaps stretch on the forecastle. The foresail and main-topenants are based between three- or two-pulley blocks, and the beguin-topenants are based between two- or single-pulley blocks on both sides of the mast ezelgoft and on both ends of the yards. Their running ends, passed through the “dog holes”, are attached to bollards. The middle end of the top-stops is attached to the topmast, and the running ends, taken with a half-bayonet by the front shrouds, are inserted into blocks on the yard legs, into the lower pulleys of the butt blocks. through the “dog holes” and are attached next to the lower topenants. The bram- and bom-bram-topenants are put on with a point on the legs of the yard and, carried through the blocks on their topmasts, stretch: the bram-toppenant on the deck, and the bom-bram-topenants on the topsail. The boom-topenants are taken with the middle end of the boom leg, carried out on both sides of it, as shown in the figure, and pulled with grips at the heel of the boom.
The fore-braces are attached with the middle end to the top of the mainmast, are carried, as can be seen in the figure, and are pulled on the bollards of the mainmast. The main-braces are based between the blocks at the side of the poop and on the legs of the main-yard and extend through the side bollards. The main-contra-braces are based on top of the fore-braces between the blocks on the foremast and the yard legs and extend at the foremast. The main ends of the begin braces are taken by the rear main shrouds, and the running gears are passed through blocks on the yard legs and on the rear main shrouds and are attached to the tile strip at the side. Mars braces are attached at the middle end to the topmast, are carried into the shrouds, as shown in the figure, and are pulled on the deck. The fore- and main-braces are attached with the middle end to the gate or boom-brow-topmast and are carried into blocks at the ends of the yards and into blocks near the main end and stretch along the deck. Cruys-brams and all bom-brass are put on the ends of their yards, held as shown in the figure, and pulled on the deck.

A light brig, an impressive frigate, an elegant pirate galleon... With what enthusiasm we begin to build a model of our favorite sailing ship! A month passes, two, three, and then what? The finished hull is gathering dust on the mezzanine, awaiting better times, but the question continues to torment us - what to do with the rigging? Alas, the subtleties of its wiring can become a stumbling block even for an experienced modeler. Therefore, the first impulse is to simplify the rigging as much as possible. But a sailboat with little semblance of rigging is dead - like a tree without roots. After all, it is the intricacy of ropes and blocks that turns a sailing ship into a living creature that has subjugated the power of the wind in order to stubbornly sail to its intended goal, despite the will of the waves...

So, it’s decided: we put full rigging on the model - standing and running.

As the name suggests, standing rigging includes gear that always remains motionless during operation (shrouds, stays, forearms, etc.). All of them serve to support and strengthen the ship's spar. The first violin in the harmonious “orchestra” of standing rigging is played by shrouds - cables holding the masts from the sides. The number of shrouds on a model depends on the size of the vessel, the time of its construction and can be very significant. For example, the famous three-mast ship "Sovereign of the Seas"(XVII century) carried no less than 30 pairs of shrouds!

Installation of cables

In order for the shrouds on the model to fix the mast as reliably as on a real sailboat, they are placed alternately: the first pair on the starboard side, the second on the left, etc. The operation itself is not complicated. First, we go around the top of the mast with a cable, then we apply a bezel so that a small loop (fire) is formed. So we got two vantines - our first pair. And so on, ad nauseam...: For proper stretching of the mast, the number of shrouds on both sides must be the same. But what if the ship has an odd number of pairs of shrouds? In this case, for the last pair we make a larger flame, so that we can then separate the ends along different sides.

Covering the cables with turnbuckles

The tightening of the shrouds can only begin with the forestay in place, otherwise the shrouds may “lead” the mast aft. It will be almost impossible to eliminate this defect later. Each cable is covered with a lanyard - a cable that passes through the holes of a pair of deadeyes, upper and lower, in a special way. The lower deadeye is enclosed in a metal ring with a loop and is connected to the shroud hook installed on board the vessel. But before you deal with the shrouds and turnbuckles, you need to secure the top deadeye of each pair to the shroud.

Securing the top deadeyes

Carefully wrap the shroud around the deadeye, pressing the running end against it using a small clamp. Then we place three benzels on the cables (the first one is close to the deadeye). For the strength of the benzels - they are installed at the same distance from each other - we will use black waxed thread. It is better not to cut the running ends yet: otherwise they cannot be reduced if the tension of the cables turns out to be too strong. As a result of our efforts, all the upper deadeyes should be placed on one straight line, parallel to the channels. And one more important nuance: each shroud can go around its deadeye only clockwise!

Vant-putens

Cable stays are the most load-critical structural element of cable stays. That is why they were always made of bar iron. On ancient ships, the shrouds were in the form of chains. Later, iron strips were used to strengthen them, and in order to securely fix the stay cables on board, a powerful bolt was passed through the outer and inner plating. An equally important role is given to the stay cables on the model: the more accurate and accurate their execution, the better the way it will be to cover the stay cables with turnbuckles.

Manufacturing of lanyards

Before pulling each lanyard, it is necessary to fix the distance between the upper and lower deadeye - it will increase from bow to stern. On the lower shrouds, wire staples are used for this purpose, which are inserted into the holes of the deadeyes. After this, installing the lanyard becomes a matter of minutes: through the three upper holes the cable is pulled from the inside to the outside, through the three lower ones - from the outside to the inside. Above the top deadeye, the lanyard ends in a pair of hoses, fixed with glue. To prevent the mast from falling on its side when tightening the shrouds, we pull the next lanyard from the other side...

Knitting vyblenki

There are bleeds on all shrouds, except for the top shrouds. Due to their large number, installing bleachings is painstaking work. Here you cannot do without a lined paper template, which should be attached behind the cables. After this, with a slight sagging, we knit the bleached pieces from left to right with a special bleached knot. We fix the bayonets at the ends of the beads with slightly diluted glue.

So, the guys are ready! But only if they do not have a special braid. To facilitate the installation of running rigging, the starboard and port side shrouds under the foremast and mainmast on large ships contacted each other. Skerries or shvitz sarveni were used for this purpose. When using “combat” braiding, a mesh was attached to the cables so that parts of the spar and rigging damaged in battle would not fall on the people on the deck.

Wall-shrouds

When making wall cables, we will have to deviate somewhat from the general scenario. In their design, additional cables appear - puten shrouds. The hooks of the stay-stays must fit into the holes of the flat stay-stays of the wall-stays. The other side of the puttens shrouds are attached to the lower shrouds. They are applied with a hose to the braided upper pile, laid across the lower cables, and then securely fixed with two benzels.

Alphabetical dictionary of marine terms.*

Introduction!

* The alphabetical dictionary contains all the terms that relate to this ship. You will find illustrations of almost all terms in 4 pages of drawings. The meanings of the numbers (from 1 to 152 in the drawings - are described in the list below the dictionary). All other illustrations have been added to the alphabetical dictionary.

Alphabetical dictionary of marine terms

A

Akhterlyuk - an opening in the deck behind the mainmast for loading cargo into the ship's aft hold.

Sternpost - (Gol. achtersteven, achter - rear, steven - stem, riser) - a beam installed in the rear of the keel vertically to it; The rudder is suspended from the sternpost. The sternpost consists of several parts: a halyard post, a star-bracket and filling trees - the stern deadwood.

Anaput - several cables secured in the drilled edge of the Martian platform and passing through a wooden block with holes - an anaput block. Necessary in order to avoid the topsails getting caught on the topsails. It was installed between the leading edge of the top and the forestay.

B

Buck - (Gol. bak) - a superstructure in the bow of the deck, reaching the stem. The forecastle used to be called the bow part of the upper deck (in front of the foremast). Serves to protect the upper deck from flooding by oncoming waves, increase unsinkability, accommodate service spaces, etc. (topmost picture)

Backstays - standing rigging gear that supports spar trees, bokants, davits, topmasts, chimneys, etc. from the sides.

Bayfoot - a piece of cable covered with leather, with the help of which the yard or gaff is held in the girth of the mast or topmast. At the lower yards, the bayfoots are made of iron, with swivels.

Blocks - the simplest mechanisms used to lift heavy objects, as well as to change the direction of the cables when they are pulled. A device with a rotating wheel-pulley inside, through which a cable is passed for traction.

Blinda-ray - spar on the bowsprit. They abandoned the use of blinds back in the eighteenth century. Sometimes now, instead of a blind-yard, two branches are installed - a blind-gaff.

Bitt - 1. A wooden or metal stand on the deck of a ship for attaching cables. The anchor chain is wrapped around the biting, which reduces the speed of the anchor recoil. 2. With dowel strips - for fastening running rigging.

Brig - two-masted sailing ship of the 18th-19th centuries. with direct sails for patrol, messenger and cruising services. Displacement 200-400 tons, armament 10-24 guns. Crew up to 120 people.

Bras - running rigging gear, attached to the ends of the yard and used to rotate the yard in a horizontal plane (throw the yard).

Bom- belonging to the penultimate level of the spar tree.

Bom-fitter - spar that serves as a continuation I eat ironmongery.

Bom jib - the first forward sail from the top in front of the foremast (the forward-most jib).

Board - side of the ship.

Bram- belonging to the highest level of the spar tree.

Topmast - a spar that serves as a continuation of the topmast and extends upward from it.

Bowline - a tackle used to pull the windward side luff of the lower straight sail towards the bow so that the ship can sail steeply to the wind.

Bowsprit - a spar mounted on the bow of the ship horizontally or at some angle to the horizontal plane (about 35 degrees). The standing rigging of the topmasts of the front mast, as well as the rigging of the slanting sails - jibs, is attached to the bowsprit. On large ships, the bowsprit was made composite: the continuation of the bowsprit is the jib, and the continuation of the jib is the boom-judge.

Bay - rope twisted in circles.

Buyrep - a cable attached to an anchor and equipped with a wooden or metal float (buoy) that indicates the location of the anchor on the ground.

Mizzen - a slanting sail placed on a mizzen mast, the upper luff of which is laced to the gaff, and the lower one is stretched along the boom with a mizzen sheet. The word "mizzen" is added to the names of all parts of the spar, rigging and sails attached to the mizzen mast. The exception is the lower yard, when the mizzen, in addition to the oblique sail, has straight sails. Then the yard will be called “begin-ray”, and the word “cruise” will be added to the parts of the spar located above the top platform and on the topmasts.

IN

Guys - (Gol. - want) - standing ship rigging gear. They are made of steel or hemp cable and serve to strengthen the mast, being guys to the side and several to the stern.

Vant-putens - iron chains or strips, the lower end of which is attached externally to the side of the ship, and the upper end is laid behind the lower eyes. Not to be confused with puttens shrouds.

Water-wooling - fastening the bowsprit with the stem. In the old sailing fleet, cable or chain sails were made. On modern sailing ships they are replaced by iron yokes and brackets.

Wuling - a bandage that holds together several beams in the manufacture of lower masts and bowsprits. Usually consisted of five or six cable hoses laid around the mast. The distance between neighboring wulings was approximately 1 m.

Pennant - (Dutch - wimpel) - a long narrow flag with braids, hoisted on the mast of a warship on campaign.

Vyblenki - pieces of thin cable tied across the cables and acting as steps when climbing the cables to masts and topmasts.

Shot - a horizontal spar suspended underwater perpendicular to the side of the ship. The shots are designed to carry the sail overboard, secure the boats and create appropriate spacing for the rigging.

Displacement - weight of the ship in tons, i.e. the amount of water displaced by the submerged part of the ship's hull.

G

Tacks - simple cables used to pull the clew or tack angles of oblique sails to the bow and secure them.

Gardel - running rigging gear on ships with direct sails, used for lifting the lower yards or gaffs.

Gaff - (Dutch - gaffel) (boom) - a spar tree, which at its lower end - the heel - has a fork - a mustache covering the mast. The whiskers allow you to raise the gaff along the mast or rotate the boom relative to it. The gaffs are used to fasten the upper luff of the trysails, and the booms are used to fasten the lower luff.

Latrine - nasal overhang, which was a continuation of the grep. Served mainly for decorative purposes and to support the bowsprit.

Gallery - aft decor, windows or open balconies as part of the living area of ​​the captain's and officers' cabins. Typically richly decorated with the name of the ship inscribed.

Grotto-, Grotto- belonging to the main mast. (i.e. refers to the second mast from the front).

Grotto - 1. The general name for the middle (highest) mast of sailing ships. 2. The straight sail, the lowest one on the second mast from the bow (main mast), is tied to the main yard. 3. A word added to the names of yards, sails and rigging located above the top of the mainmast.

Mainsail-bom-bramsel - the fourth sail from the bottom on the mainmast.

Mainsail topsail - the third straight sail from the bottom on the mainmast, raised on the topmast above the topsail.

Grotto Marseille - the second straight sail from the bottom on the mainmast, placed between the tops yard and the lower yard.

Main hatch - middle hatch on the deck of the ship.

Gitov - running rigging gear used for cleaning straight sails and trysails. The clews of straight sails pull the clew angles of the sail towards the yard. Git trysails pull the sail towards the gaff and mast.

Geek - a horizontal spar attached to the mast at a small height above the deck and with its free end facing the stern of the ship. The lower luff of the slanting sail is laced to the boom.

Guys - In Russia: a red flag with a blue St. Andrew's cross, bordered by white stripes, and a white straight cross. It rises on the bowsprit flagpole (from 8 a.m. to dusk) along with the stern flag, but only during anchorage.

Guys-stock - a stand on which the guy is raised.

D

Dirik-fal - running rigging gear used to lift the working end of the gaff.

Dryrep - 1. (mars-halyard) - gear for lifting the tops-yard. 2. a chain or wire rope attached to a yard and passed through a pulley to lift it. Every drirep usually ends with hoists called halyards. For example, the marsa-drayrep and the marsa-halyard together make up a device for lifting the marsa-yard.

Z

Blockage-tali - tackle for holding the boom, preventing it from spontaneously being thrown to the other side at full heading.

TO

Carronade - a short, light, large-caliber cast iron cannon.

Boat - boat with 2 masts and 10 oars.

Knecht - 1. on a sailing ship, a square-section beam used for traction and fastening of the ends and some gear of running rigging. 2. double metal stand for fastening mooring lines. It comes with a crossbar that helps hold the wound cable, called a bollard spreader.

Coffee dowel - rods made of hard wood or metal about 30 cm long. Insert into the holes of the dowel bar for fastening and laying running rigging gear.

Coffee strip - a wooden or metal beam with holes for dowel pins, attached horizontally to the deck at the masts and at the inside of the side.

Cleaver - an oblique triangular sail placed in front of the foremast. From the wall-rigging to the jib's foot there is a rail, along which the jib is raised and lowered. On a ship where there are three of them, the second sail from the mast is called the jib. The first is called a jib, and the third is a boom jib. Cleavers appeared in the 18th century

Stern - rear end of the ship. The stern is considered to be the part of the vessel from the very rear of it to the hatch closest to it or the end of the stern superstructure. (topmost picture)

Counter mizzen - gaff sail, behind the direct one on the mizzen mast. If there is a lower straight sail on the rear mast, it is called a mizzen. If there is no straight sail, the mizzen is called a gaff sail.

Kiel - (English - keel) - the main longitudinal connection of the ship, located along its entire length in the lower part along the center plane. On wooden ships, the keel consists of a beam protruding outwards, to which frames are attached. (second picture from top)

Keel blocks - two wooden stands, cut to the shape of the bottom of the boat. Boats are installed on them.

Knyavdiged - Ancient sailing ships have a protruding upper part of the cutwater. The upper part of the knyavdiged was decorated with a carved figure. (second picture from top)

Cathead - a beam with an attached bracket on which one or two blocks were placed, serving to lift the anchor.

L

Carriage - a wooden stand for holding a gun (gun), controlling and moving it along the deck.

Moose Stag - one of the double forestays along which a slanting sail runs.

Lopar - the running or outer end, both of hoists and of any tackle.

Lysel alcohols - thin spar trees on the fore- and main-yards and on the fore- and main-yards, used for staging foxels.

Hatches - openings in the decks: for lowering cargo into the hold - cargo hatches; for light transmission - skylights.

Leer - a metal rod or tightly stretched vegetable or steel cable used for tying sails, tightening awnings, drying clothes, etc. Rails are also called ropes fixed to posts that replace the bulwark of a ship, and ropes stretched to prevent people from falling overboard during a storm.

M

Mast - vertical spar. Masts are used for installing sails, cargo booms, signaling and communication devices, for raising flag signals, etc.

Martin Geek - a spar tree reinforced vertically under the bowsprit eselgoft with its tip down. Its upper end was forked. Serves for spreading water stays.

Mars - (mars platform) - a platform on the top of a composite mast, attached to the long salings and spreaders. On sailing ships it serves as a spacer for shrouds and as a place for some work when setting and cleaning the sails. Rangefinders and small-caliber guns were installed on the tops of warships.

N

Niral - the only jibs and staysails.

Nok - the end of a spar located horizontally or at some angle to the horizontal plane (boom, gaff, yard, etc.). In addition, the outer end of the bowsprit, jib and boom jib is called the nok.

Nagel - 1. A wooden nail used to fasten parts of wooden ships. 2. Block pulley axis.

ABOUT

Butt - a bolt in which instead of a head there is a ring or a forging with an eye in its upper part. Designed for attaching rigging hooks or block slings.

P

Deck - horizontal tier of the ship. Starting from the top, they had the following purposes: quarter-deck - an open deck for steering the ship; opera deck - upper battery deck; mid-deck - middle battery deck; orlop-deck - deck of residential and service premises; hold - the lowest deck. (topmost picture)

Sail - a fabric attached to an object (a spar) that is stretched relative to the wind so that its pressure creates a force that sets the object in motion.

Look at the name of each sail.

Water pump - ship pumps serving different purposes: bilge pumps, fire pumps, sanitary pumps, feed pumps (for boilers), etc.

A gun - onboard gun, the main charge, which is the core.

Perth - cables fixed under the yards on which people working on the yards stand.

Pyatners - a round or elliptical hole in the deck through which the mast passed, also the structure holding the end of the bowsprit.

Putens shrouds - 1. iron rods, the lower ends of which are located on the lower yoke yoke or under the yoke on a special shroud yoke. Then the shrouds are passed through the holes along the edge of the top, and their upper ends are completed with rings, to which the shrouds are attached with staples. (Ties running from the cables from under the top to its side edges; they serve to strengthen the edges of the top and prevent it from bending upward from the thrust of the wall-stays.) 2. special guys - similar to short, downward cables that are pulled from below puttens and attached to the side under the channels. Nowadays, when there are no longer channels on sailing ships, only these guys going down from the top platform are usually called puttens shrouds.

R

Spar - (from the Dutch "rondhout" - round tree) - on ships of the sailing fleet, the spar meant wooden or metal parts of the ships' armament, intended for carrying sails, performing cargo work, raising signals, etc. A collective word to designate all the wooden parts of the ship , such as: masts, topmasts, topmasts, yardarms, booms, gaffs, cargo booms, etc.

Raks-yoke - consist of 1-3 rows of wooden balls placed on cables that hold the horizontal spar to the vertical one.

Ray - a spar tree suspended from the middle using a bayfoot to a mast or topmast for setting sails or for attaching signal halyards.

Rowles - a roller cast from cast iron or turned from strong wood and freely rotating on an axis. The rollers are placed, for example, in bales or separately to guide the cable, to support steering rods, etc.

Rostra - a place on the deck where a spare spar is stowed. Large boats are sometimes installed on the rostra.

Tiller - (from Gol. - roerpen, roer - oar, steering wheel) - a lever fixed in the upper part of the steering wheel. Transmits torque from the force created by the steering machine or manually.

Rusleni - powerful beams along the outer sides of a sailing ship, located at the level of the upper deck opposite the masts. Serve for spacing the cables, which are attached to the sides by cable stays.

Rym - a strong iron ring set into a deck, side, or dock.

WITH

Saling - a wooden or steel structure that serves to connect the topmast with its continuation - the toptopmast, and the toptopmast with the boom topmast and for spreading the topmast and boom topstays to the sides. Saling is a frame of two longitudinal beams - longa-salings and two or three beams intersecting with longa-salings - spreaders. Salings are called depending on their belonging to one or another mast: fore-saling, main-saling and cruise-saling.

Wall- belonging to the topmast (i.e. to the second vertical spar from the bottom)

Topmast - (Dutch - steng) - a removable spar tree, which is a continuation of the ship's mast. Next comes the topmast, and then the toptopmast.

T

Rigging - the general name of all gear that generally constitutes the armament of a ship or the armament of a spar. The rigging that serves to hold the spar in the proper position is called standing, while the rest is called running.

Tali - a lifting device consisting of two blocks (movable and fixed), connected to each other by a cable, one end of which is fixedly fixed to one of the blocks.

Lanyard - a type of hoist or tension cable for pulling standing rigging or tightening cargo.

Topenant - running rigging tackle attached to the end of the yard and used to install the yard at one angle or another to the horizontal plane. Topenant is also called the tackle that supports the end of the cargo boom, boom, or gaff.

Top - the upper end of any vertical spar, such as a mast, topmast, flagpole.

Buoy - see buyrep.

U

Duck - a turned wooden strip or casting, fixedly fixed on the inside side of the side and deck for attaching the sheets of lower sails and trysails. Sometimes the ducks were placed on shrouds to which they were lashed.

Copper - a spar that serves as a continuation of the bowsprit.

F

Fal - tackle used for hoisting some yards, sails, signal flags, etc.

Flag - a rectangular panel made of light woolen fabric - flagduk - of different colors and serves as a distinctive sign. Flags are divided into signal and national, indicating which state the ship belongs to, and national flags are divided into military, commercial and personally assigned.

Flagpole - the top of a mast or a special pole used to raise the flag .

Foca-, For- belonging to the foremast (i.e., the first mast at the front of the ship) A word added to the names of the yards, sails, and rigging located above the top of the foremast.

Forduns - standing rigging gear supporting topmasts, topmasts, etc. from the rear and sides. When there are two pairs of rigging supporting the same spar, the rigging attached closer to the bow is called backstays, and the rear ones are called forestays.

Fore-staysail, Fore-bom-topsail, Fore-topsail, Fore-topsail - view analogy with Grot-.

Fock - straight sail, the lowest one on the forward mast (foremast) of a ship. Attached to the fore-yard.

stem - a beam that forms the front end of the vessel (a continuation of the keel in the bow). (second picture from top)

Sh

Sheet - tackle attached to the lower corner of the straight or lower rear corner of the oblique sail (clew angle) and carried towards the stern of the vessel. The sheets hold the luff of the sail in the desired position. Sheets are also called gear attached to the upper corners of the emergency patch.

pendant - a short cable with a thimble or pulley used for lifting boats or cargo.

Spire - a large gate with a vertical axis used for raising the anchor (anchor capstan), removing the mooring lines, raising the yards, lifting and lowering boats.

Frame - rib of the ship's hull ( cross member body design). (second picture from top)

Stays - standing rigging gear that supports vertical spar trees in the longitudinal direction - masts, topmasts, etc.

Steering wheel - a wheel with handles that serves to control the steering wheel.

Sturtros - a cable founded between the wheel and the rudder, and passing through a series of fixed pulleys. Serves to transmit force from the steering wheel to the tiller, and through it to the steering wheel.

E

Ezelgoft - wooden or metal connecting clip with two holes. One hole is put on the top of the mast or topmast, and the topmast or topmast is shot (passed) through the second.

YU

Ufers - a kind of round thick block with smooth holes called windows instead of pulleys. Rope lanyards are supported through the deadeyes.

I

Anchor - a forged metal projectile used to stop a ship by gripping it to the bottom of the sea. Anchors come in different systems. Two anchors, always ready to release and located on the bow of the ship, are called anchors. In addition to these, there are one or two spares stored nearby. Small anchors, used to pull a vessel from place to place by delivery, are called verps. The heaviest verp is called a stop anchor.

Yal -

the boat is smaller in size than semi-longboats and has sharper contours. They are used for various purposes, mainly for mooring.