Where is Portugal - a detailed map of Portugal in Russian with cities and attractions. Portugal map in Russian
Portugal is small European country, but its nature is very picturesque. Travelers will need only 3 days to travel around it. If you want to get to know the country’s natural landscapes better and get in touch with its culture, you need more time.
Portugal on the world map is the most western state on the continent of Eurasia. The state is inhabited by the Portuguese, among whom black immigrants from Africa predominate.
Portugal on the physical and political map of the world and Europe in Russian
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You can view the location of the country in the world in large detail, as well as a detailed map of the country with cities, using online maps .
Where is it located and who does it border with?
Portugal is located in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, The Portuguese Republic borders on the east and north, and the western and southern parts of the state are washed by the Atlantic Ocean.
Portugal includes archipelagos located in Atlantic Ocean.
Madeira Island, part of Portugal, is considered one of the most popular among travelers, it is located approximately 580 km from North Africa. Also autonomous region Portugal are Azores.
How to get there?
There are 20 air terminals in the Portuguese Republic, of which international only:
- Portela(capital of Portugal, Lisbon);
- Ponta Delgada(Azores);
- Porto named after Francisco Sa Carneiro(near Porto in the northern part of the country);
- Faro(Algarve province, 6.5 km from Faro);
- Funchal Madeira now Aeroporto Cristiano Ronaldo (16 km from Funchal).
In you can find out which airlines operate flights to Portugal from Russia and how long the flight takes.
From Russia they can arrive in Portugal by three air routes: via Lisbon, Porto and Funchal Madeira. Other airports are not open to Russians.
You can purchase a plane ticket using this search form. Enter information about cities of departure and arrival, date And number of passengers.
Country information
When planning to visit Portugal, plan a route for yourself, what historical sights and interesting places you would like to visit.
Story
In the 12th century Portugal has become independent state, until this time its history was inseparable from the history of the entire Iberian Peninsula.
The life of the country is inextricably linked with the sea, the ruling monarchs supported research and development of technology, as a result, the greatest geographical discoveries were made, and Portuguese expansion began.
In 1500 the discoverer Pedro Alvares Cabral proclaimed himself its ruler. Military operations have unfolded on Portuguese territory more than once. IN different time it was controlled by the Romans, Moors, Spaniards, and French.
Total information
The total area of the country is 89 thousand km². The population exceeds 10 million 273 thousand people. Mostly Portuguese people speak Portuguese. Not most of The population uses the Miranda language. The currency of Portugal is the euro, and there are paper bills and coins in circulation.
Climate and weather
The territory of Portugal lies in subtropical climate zone. On weather influenced by topography and the cold Canary Current.
Stands out several climate zones:
- For northwest characterized by heavy rains, mild winters and short summers;
- on northeast countries have cold, longer winters with snowfalls, and hot summers;
- V southern part Portugal has mild winters and dry summers with little precipitation.
Coldest month- This , average temperature ranges from +3 degrees in the northeastern part to +11.9 in the south.
Hottest months are July and August, the average temperature is +19-23.4 degrees. There are 3,000 sundials in Portugal every year.
Resorts are concentrated in the south, where water temperature warms up to +21 degrees.
Tourism
The tourism industry plays an important role in the Portuguese economy. There are 15 objects in the country included in UNESCO World Heritage.
Resorts - photos
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Attractions
In Nazaré 2 main ones: Chapel of Memory and Church of Our Lady. According to legend, the chapel was erected on the spot where the sacred relic, the Black Madonna, was found. The square structure was built in the 12th century. The Church of Our Lady appeared later in 1377, it was built because there was not enough space in the Chapel of Remembrance for everyone who wanted to pray to the Black Madonna.
The Church of Our Lady was rebuilt several times; today it is a Baroque structure.
Aguas-Libres Aqueduct– a kind of visiting card of the capital city. The structure is presented in the form of a string of stone arches rising to greater height. The technical structure was erected in the 18th century.
Lisbon has Belem Tower, included by UNESCO in the List world heritage. It is located at the mouth of the Tagus River. This building is made in the exotic Manueline style.
Tourists holidaying in Lisbon have the opportunity to visit Palace of Queluz, where the kings of Portugal once lived. The luxurious complex was built in the 18th century and was used by members of the royal family as a summer residence.
The exact location of Portugal on the world map is in this video:
Portugal or the Portuguese Republic is a state located in the westernmost part of continental Europe. Satellite map Portugal shows that the country borders only Spain, and is washed in the west by the Atlantic Ocean. The area of the country is 92,151 square meters. km. In addition to the continental territory, the Azores and Madeira are administered by Portugal.
Largest cities Portugal - Lisbon (capital), Porto, Faro, Setubal, Braga. The country's economy is based on agriculture, viticulture, textile production, fishing industry, mechanical engineering, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.
Currently, Portugal is a member of the EU, UN NATO and OECD. It is part of the Schengen zone. The main language of the country is Portuguese.
Vineyards and Douro Valley
A Brief History of Portugal
In 1095 the County of Portugal was created. In 1143 it became an independent kingdom. In the 15th century, Portugal actively carried out colonial expansion. In 1581-1640 it was under Spanish rule. In the 18th century, she took part in the War of the Spanish Succession.
In 1703, it became dependent on Great Britain for some time. In 1807-1808, the territory of the country was captured by Napoleon's troops. In the 19th century, the country was torn apart by revolutions and civil wars. In 1910, Portugal became a republic. In the First World War she took the side of the Entente.
In 1926, a military dictatorship was established in Portugal, and in 1932, the authoritarian (fascist) regime of António Salazar was established. During World War II, the country took a neutral position. In 1974, the fascist government was overthrown.
Sights of Portugal
On a detailed satellite map of Portugal you can see the Tagus and Douro rivers, the Atlantic coast, numerous bays and bays. Among the country's natural attractions are Cape Roca, the Douro River Valley, capes Sagres and Sao Vincente, Praia da Marinha beach and Laboreiro waterfall.
Marinha Beach
Lisbon has a huge number of attractions. We will list only the most famous - Commerce Square, the 25th of April Bridge, the Monument to Christ, the Jeronimos Monastery, the Castle of St. George and the Belem Tower.
In Porto, it is worth seeing the King Luis I Bridge, the Ribeira district and numerous Catholic churches; in Sintra - the Castle of the Moors, the Pena Palace, Regaleira Park, in Évora - the Capella de Ossos and the ancient aqueduct.
Pena Palace in Sintra
In Portugal, it is worth visiting the village of Monsanto stones, the medieval cities of Obidos and Marvao, the port of Cascais and the city of Funchal, located in Madeira.
The Portuguese coast attracts tourists with its beautiful sandy beaches And clean waters ocean. The most important tourist centers are Estoril, Sesimbra and the surrounding area of Faro. The river, called the Duero in Spain and the Douro in Portugal, serves as the border between these states for a length of 130 km. To the east, its deep valley cuts into the crystalline massifs of Northern Portugal. In the western part of Portugal is Batalha, a city whose name comes from the word “battle” (it was named after the victorious battle that John I gave to the Castilian troops in 1385).
The main attraction of Batalha is the Dominican monastery, the construction of which began in the year of that battle and continued over the next two centuries. The richly carved interior galleries are typical of the Manueline decorative style, which flourished under King Manuel I, who reigned from 1495 to 1521. Tourism plays an important role in the Portuguese economy.
Portugal on the world map
Popular tourist centers are the islands of the Azores archipelago - Santa Maria with its majestic residences and the chapel in which Christopher Columbus prayed, and San Miguel with geysers, healing springs and azure lakes. On the island of Faial, replete with grottoes and caves, there is a nature reserve, and on the island of Flores there are picturesque waterfalls and lakes surrounded by lush vegetation that arose on the site of volcanic craters.
Map of Portugal in Russian
Porto, the second economic center of the state after Lisbon, is one of ancient settlements Iberian Peninsula. Already during the Roman Empire, it was known as Portus Calais, and at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries it became the capital of the county bearing the same name, which later became the state of Portugal. In Porto, it is worth visiting the churches built in the Middle Ages and Baroque era, visiting museums and palaces. The most interesting collections are kept in the museums of Lisbon - the Museum of Ancient Art, the Museum of Ethnography, and the Carriage Museum. This city was almost completely destroyed during the terrible earthquake of 1755 - only fragments of Roman and medieval buildings, as well as the Roman-Gothic cathedral, survived. In the second half of the 18th century, the most famous architectural landmarks of the city today were built in Lisbon, such as the churches of La Madalena and Memoria, the palaces of Foz, Almada and Alvor. In Belem, a suburb of Lisbon, there is a 16th-century monastery, the Church of Santa Maria and a fortress tower. The capital of Portugal is located on the hilly banks of the Tagus River, connected by the longest bridge in Europe (2278 meters). Fishing is extremely important in Portuguese agriculture. Fish processing enterprises can be found not only on the coast, but also in the interior of the country.
PORTUGAL
(Portuguese Republic)
Geographical position. Portugal is located in the extreme southwest of Europe in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula. It also owns the Azores and Madeira Islands, located in the Atlantic Ocean. Portugal borders Spain to the north and east and is washed by the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west.
Square. The territory of Portugal covers 92,389 square meters. km.
Main cities Administrative division. The capital of Portugal is Lisbon. Largest cities: Lisbon (2,100 thousand people), Porto (1,650 thousand people), Coimbra (90 thousand people), Faro (40 thousand people). Administratively, Portugal is divided into 18 districts and 2 autonomous regions. Of its former “overseas provinces,” Portugal retains Macau (Macau), which was granted internal autonomy in 1976.
Portugal is a republic. The head of state is the president. The head of government is the prime minister. The legislative body is the unicameral Assembly of the Republic.
Relief. The territory of Portugal is divided by the Tagus River into two approximately equal parts. To the north of the Tagus lies Mountain country. Many small ridges and plateaus are cut by deep river valleys. The predominant height of mountain ranges is from 1000 to 1200 m. South of Tagus Lowlands and low plateaus predominate. Only at the eastern border of this part of the country and in the very south are there low mountain ranges (400-600 m).
Geological structure and minerals. On the territory of Portugal there are deposits of iron ore, uranium ore, and tungsten.
Climate. The climate of Portugal is subtropical, an oceanic variation of the Mediterranean. Thanks to the constant influx of moisture air masses From the Atlantic, winter cold and summer heat are softened, and relative air humidity increases. Therefore, the dry season in Portugal is much shorter than in Mediterranean coast Spain. Climatically, Portugal can also be divided into two parts - northern and southern. The climate of the northern coastline is mild and even. Between the Minho and Tagus rivers, summers are not hot, winters are mild (average temperatures in July and August are about +20°C, in January - above +9°C, average annual fluctuations are only 11-12°C).
Atmospheric precipitation in the north is abundant throughout the year. Fogs are common in river mouths and coastal valleys.
Noticeably less rainfall in the eastern strip of Northern Portugal, closed high ridges from humid ocean winds. Here the contrasts between the seasons become more distinct.
The climate of southern Portugal is drier. There is less rainfall here, summers are long, hot and dry. Rain falls mainly in winter. On the coast of southern Portugal, the climate is typically subtropical, with mild, warm winters (average January temperature +11°C) and hot summers (+23, +24°C).
In Lisbon, the maximum temperature reaches +26°C, the minimum - +9°C.
Inland waters. In Portugal there are the lower reaches of the Douro (Duero), Tagus (Tajo), and Guadiana rivers.
Soils and vegetation. Forests have been heavily destroyed in the past. In recent decades, as a result of planting, their area has increased significantly and currently accounts for 36% of the country's territory. About half of the forests are coastal pine, with many eucalyptus trees.
Portugal is characterized by wild bush thickets on lowlands, hills and rocky mountain slopes: in the north - moisture-loving Atlantic species, in the central part of the country - tree-like heathers, in the south - cistus.
Evergreen maquis bushes densely cover vast spaces and give the landscape a unique look. Macquis thickets, consisting of various, often ornamental and thorny plants, reach a height of up to two meters. The most typical species for maquis are noble laurel, myrtle, strawberry and pistachio trees, tree heather, oleander, and cistus.
Many types of vegetation were brought to Portugal from various continents and took root well thanks to the mild climate: palm trees with north coast Africa, from California and China, cacti from Australia, pepper trees and bougainvillea from South America. Geraniums, aloe and other representatives of South African vegetation coexist with local orange and lemon trees, roses, and red carnations. In the gardens of Southern Extremadura, next to grapes and citrus fruits, you can find date palms, Mexican agave, camellias, Indian fig trees and other exotic plants.
Portugal is famous for its grape wines, citrus fruits and other subtropical fruits. Here the bark of the cork oak tree is collected and olive oil is produced.
Animal world. The fauna of Portugal is a mixture of Central European and North African species. There are few large mammals. The predominant species are fox, wild rabbit, and Iberian hare. Wild goats, wild boars, and deer live mainly in the mountains; the North African genet and Algerian hedgehog are found in the south. In the hard-to-reach areas of the Serra da Estrela, wolves have survived, in the bush
thickets of Alentejo lynx. Birds are very diverse. Many people fly here for the winter or stop over during flights. Endemic, that is, living only in a given territory, species include the blue magpie, a peculiar type of cuckoo, owl, and red partridge. Vultures, kestrels, and eagles nest in high rocks. Storks (protected by special legislation), snipe, and quail are found along the entire coast. Coastal waters are rich in fish: sardines, anchovies, cod, tuna.
Population and language
The population of Portugal is about 10 million people and is very homogeneous: over 99% are Portuguese. Language is Portuguese.
Religion
The majority of the inhabitants of Portugal are Roman Catholics by religion. There are less than 120 thousand Protestants and about 5 thousand Jews.
Brief historical sketch
In the IV-III centuries. BC e. Most of the territory of Portugal was inhabited by Lusitians.
At the end of the 1st century. BC e. The conquest of Portugal by Rome is completed.
In the second half of the 5th century - 6th century. n. e. Portugal was conquered by the Visigoths.
In 713-718 the country was conquered by the Arabs. In 718, the Christian Reconquista began (literally “reconquest”, “return”).
In 1095, the County of Portugal was created, dependent on the kings of Leon. In 1139, Portugal became an independent kingdom (officially in 1143).
In 1211, the first parliament (Cortes) met in Coimbra.
In 1260 Afonso III moved the capital to Lisbon
During the reign of Dinisu I (1279-1325), the poet king, 50 fortresses were built. In 1290, a university was founded in Lisbon, which was later transferred to Coimbra.
XV century-time geographical discoveries. Madeira was discovered in 1419, and the Azores in 1427. By the time of King Henry's death in 1460, the Cape Verde Islands had been discovered and explored West Coast Africa to Sierra Leone. A new heyday of geographical discoveries occurred at the end of the 15th century. In 1487, Bartolomeo Diaz circumnavigated the southern tip of Africa, dubbing it Cape Good Hope, and 10 years later Vasco da Gama sailed past him, laying trade route to India.
In 1494, a treaty was concluded with Spain, according to which the two powers of the Iberian Peninsula divided the world among themselves along an imaginary line 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. This treaty gave Portugal the right to the East, and when Brazil was discovered in 1500, also to it.
XVI century - the heyday of the Portuguese colonial empire; by mid-century, the country was the world's leading slave trader.
In the XVII-XVII centuries. Centralized rule in Portugal was strengthened. The discovery of gold and diamond deposits in Brazil made the country financially independent. The greatest beneficiary of the new wealth was Joan V, who ascended the throne in 1705 and developed a vigorous construction activity in the magnificent Baroque style. Up to 50 thousand people simultaneously participated in the construction of the huge monastery in Mafra. All this ended in the bankruptcy of the state.
In 1807, Portugal was invaded by the troops of Napoleon I. The royal family fled to Brazil, where they remained until 1821. The invaders were expelled from the country twice (1808 and 1811) by British troops with the support of Portuguese patriots.
As a reward, Britain was given free trade rights with Brazil, and Brazil was declared an independent kingdom, which eventually led to a reversal of roles: Portugal effectively became a colony of Brazil (where the royal family still remained) and a protectorate of Britain, ruled by General Beresford.
In August 1821, a group of officers convened an illegal Cortes (parliament) and approved a new constitution (Beresford was temporarily absent and King Joan VI had not yet returned from Brazil). The rest of the first half of the century was spent in constant struggle between supporters and opponents of the liberal constitution of 1822.
Second half of the 19th century. passed quite peacefully with the established two-party system, the economic situation began to change for the better, industry gradually developed, but the monarchy went bankrupt and was publicly “insulted”: Britain and Germany ignored Portugal’s claims to land in Africa between Angola and Mozambique without comment, which further strengthened republican sentiment in the country.
Beginning of the 20th century was marked by the assassination of King Carlos I and his eldest son and an unsuccessful coup attempt in 1908. On October 5, 1910, the monarchy was finally overthrown by the combined efforts of the army and navy. King Manuel went into exile in England, where he died in 1932.
In 1911, the Democratic Party won the elections in Portugal, remaining the dominant political force in the country until 1926.
In 1916, Portugal joined the First world war on the side of the Entente, which turned into an economic disaster for the country.
In 1928, Dr. Salazar, a professor of economics at the University of Coimbra, became Minister of Finance. Thanks to his strict monetarist policies, he managed to balance the budget for the first time since 1913 and improve the economic situation in the country in a short time.
In 1932-1968. Salazar served as prime minister. Salazar's regime bore the features of a fascist state. Members of the national assembly were chosen from the only permitted political association - the National Union, the so-called "labor organizations" were controlled by employers, education was strictly controlled by the state and proclaimed the values of the Catholic religion, and strict censorship was introduced.
On April 25, 1974, rebel troops under the leadership of the Armed Forces Movement overthrew the fascist government, and the activities of political parties were allowed.
In April 1976, a new constitution was adopted.
In 1986, Portugal joined the European Community, and after significant financial injections into its economy, it experienced an unprecedented boom. The nineties were marked by the development of tourism.
Brief Economic Sketch
Portugal is an industrial-agrarian country. Extraction of pyrites, tungsten, uranium, tin, iron ore, coal. The most important traditional industries are textiles (cotton and wool), clothing, winemaking, olive oil production, canned fish production, and cork bark processing (leading in the world). Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering (shipbuilding and ship repair, automobile assembly, electrical engineering); The chemical, oil refining and petrochemical, cement, glass and ceramic (production of blue facing tiles) industries are developing. Agriculture is dominated by farming, with about half of the cultivated land being arable land; viticulture, fruit growing, olive plantings. In livestock farming, cattle breeding, sheep breeding, pig breeding. Fishing. Export: textiles and clothing, food products, cork, ships, electrical equipment, chemical products. Foreign tourism. The monetary unit is the escudo.
Brief sketch of culture
Art and architecture. Catholic churches and monasteries form an important element in architectural ensemble Portugal. Medieval art is characterized by a complex interaction of artistic traditions of East and West. Liberation from Moorish rule was accompanied by intensive church construction. Works of early Romanesque art appeared at the end of the 2nd century, the 12th-14th centuries - the heyday of Portuguese sculpture, the 14th century. characterized by the most significant works of Portuguese Gothic.
The rapid and short-lived rise of Portugal, spanning approximately one century (from the mid-15th to the mid-16th centuries), constitutes the era of the Portuguese Renaissance, rightly called the culture of the Age of Discovery. In poetry, especially in the work of the great Portuguese poet Luis Camoens (1524-1580), in painting and architecture, the spirit of this heroic era was clearly reflected.
Nuno Gonçalves (painter of the 15th century) remains a Portuguese painter of world importance, whose altar of St. Vincent (Museum of Lisbon) is one of the most outstanding monuments of European painting of the 15th century.
The era of Portugal's supreme power brought about intensive construction, a desire for ultra-luxury Manueline style. Manueline architecture combines elements of Gothic, Moorish architecture, Renaissance and exotic decorativeness.
Lisbon. Castle of Sao Jorge (former Visigothic fortress and then royal residence from Dinisho to Manuelo); Museum of Decorative Arts; Cathedral(built in 1150 in honor of the victory over the Moors); National Archaeological Museum; the tomb of the kings and heroes of Portugal, the largest building of the early 16th century; symbol of Lisbon - Belem Tower; the Carriage Museum with a fine collection of carriages dating back to 1690; Maritime Museum with a fine collection of maps and nautical instruments, models and paintings, as well as the Santa Cruz seaplane that flew across the Atlantic; Gulbenkian Museum (considered the best museum in Portugal); National Museum ancient art. Porto. Cathedral XII-XVIII centuries; Cleric Tower 75 m high (XVIII century). Coimbra. Roman Aque-Duc; Church of Santa Cruz (XVI century). Braga. The ruins of the Roman Amphitheater, as well as the aqueduct; The most important Portuguese shrine is the Church of the House of Jesus.
