What is the name of Vydrino Ratnovsky now? Dead end of the village of Vydrino: debt hole and dreams of Mount Mamai

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Vydrino is a small village in the Republic of Buryatia with a population of less than 5,000 people, it is inhabited by Russians and Buryats. For a long time it was the center of the wood processing industry. But due to its closure in the 90s, the local population began to reorient itself towards tourism. This is facilitated beautiful views and nature. And ten years ago, not far from the village, a plant was built to bottle water from Lake Baikal.

In the near future, it is planned to create an ecological hotel with tennis courts and swimming pools in Vydrino. It will be used to attract tourists and organize active recreation. Sports events will also be held here every year. A new interesting proposal was the construction of apartments that people would buy and use as a vacation apartment, or rent out to travelers.

In winter, they plan to invite hockey players, skiers and biathletes here to train. In addition, there is talk about building a new ski resort"Mamai." Tourists love to come to the mountain for freeride, the so-called free descent without a track. However, it should be taken into account that in this place the frequency of avalanches is very high. Therefore, it is advisable to take a local guide and instructor who can analyze the danger and indicate the best path.

People come to the village of Vydrino to enjoy famous lake Baikal, which surrounds it on the northern side. From the south, the Khamar-Daban mountains approach the village. Such landscapes and untouched nature attract many travelers here. And the fresh air and beauty of the Baikal region will make you come back more than once. To visit secluded taiga places, it is better to hire a guide who will take you to the Vydrina and Snezhnaya rivers and show you Warm lakes. And with good sports training, you can conquer Khamar-Daban itself.

Video from Vydrino

The main attraction of Vydrino, located next to the village, is Mount Mamai. According to ethnographers, its name comes from the Evenki “moma”, which means wooded place. However, tourists are attracted here not only by the mountain, but also by the three rivers flowing from it. In summer these places...

Vydrino: excursions and activities

Fans of walking excursions immediately choose a trip to Sobolinye Lakes in Vydrino. The distance to them is more than 28 kilometers one way, so this route will take three days. The guide will advise you on what to take with you on your hike depending on the time of year and indicate picturesque campsites. For those who want to organize trekking here in winter, it is worth considering that due to the specific wind pattern, the snow cover on the slopes here is thicker than in other places. Therefore, skis or snowshoes are required.

Excursions to the foot of Khamar-Daban are also popular in Vydrino. They will tell you about Warm Lakes and give you time to swim in them. A popular route is the hike to the waterfall on the Snezhnaya River. Crystal clear water falls from a height of 12 meters.

And for those who have good physical fitness and are ready for extreme travel, it is worth visiting the Kharmyn-Dulyu waterfall. Nature divided the water into three rock chutes, which gives the water even greater acceleration as it falls. In summer, you will spend more than three days on such an excursion due to the narrow, impassable canyons. In winter, of course, there will be no flowering mountains around you, but along the frozen river you will quickly get to your destination. If you wish, you can stay for the winter in a small hut and, watching the huge starry sky above the snow-capped mountains, feel like a real traveler.

History of Vydrino

The peculiarity of the settlement is that it consists of three different villages created at different times. The oldest one was created back in the 18th century and served to cross the river; it was called Snezhnaya. The second was actually a settlement next to the railway...

Climate in Vydrino

We can say about the village that the climate here is cold, with an average annual temperature around zero, but at the same time moderate. It is not characterized by sharp jumps and fluctuations. Winter is rarely snowy, and the driest period is February, with 9 mm of precipitation.

But it is worth noting that this applies only to the settlement; outside of it in the forest, untouched snow cover can reach a meter, and without skis you will fall waist-deep. The rains fall in mid-summer, the same time is characterized by the highest temperatures, which, however, rarely exceed 25 degrees.

Announcements of tourist events

Vydrino: entertainment and active recreation

At first glance, it seems that there is no entertainment in Vydrino. There is only one museum in the entire village at the village library with information about history native land and participants of the Great Patriotic War.

However, it all depends on where you live. If it's big hotel, then at your service there will be a bar, a cafe with Buryat cuisine, catamarans, and badminton. If this is a small hotel, then the owners will probably offer you to try a real Russian bathhouse, which every self-respecting villager has.

In the evenings, people traditionally pass the time here with a samovar and long conversations. And if you prefer a savage holiday and set up a tent on the shores of Lake Baikal, then the most important entertainment for you will be the varied nature and running waves. Fishing is also popular in the village. If you did not bring fishing equipment with you, you can rent them. And the locals will tell you secretly about good places.

There is no municipal transport in the village, because there are only 21 streets. At a leisurely pace, the village can be covered from end to end in half an hour. However, it all depends on the time of year you are planning your trip.

In winter, skis will come in handy here; with an easy run on them you can see the surroundings. In summer a bicycle will do. Locals They are quite responsive, so if necessary they will give you a lift wherever you ask.

Vydrino is a village (in 1956-2003 - a working village) in the Kabansky district of Buryatia. Administrative center rural settlement "Vydrinskoe". Population - 4374 people. (2010). The westernmost settlement of the region. It is located on the border with the Irkutsk region, on the right bank of the Snezhnaya River, at its confluence with Lake Baikal. The distance to Kabansk is 180 km, to Irkutsk - 172 km, to Ulan-Ude - 300 km. To the south, through the village of Vydrino station, the federal highway P258 “Baikal” and the Trans-Siberian railway line. They run from Vydrino to Baikalsk minibuses, the Slyudyanka - Vydrino electric train runs along the Trans-Siberian Railway. The village (originally a village) is named after the Vydrino railway station, which comes from the name of the river of the same name, which flows into Baikal 15 km to the east. During his journey, the Russian ambassador, Nikolai Milescu Spafari, passed through Lake Baikal in 1675 on his way to China. He meticulously recorded information about the places he passed. On September 11, 1675, the diary records: “...from Baikal the (Angara) flows with great speed, and since then high mountains you can see the mountains beyond Baikal... and one edge of Baikal, which is called Kultuk,” and further: “On Kultuk itself there is the Kultushnaya River, and there are shelters there, and Kultuk is the name given to the very narrow edge of the Baikal Sea, where it ends. And from the Kultushnaya River the Snezhnaya River flows into many places, and there are shelters, and they call Snezhnaya because in those mountains there is snow in winter and summer and does not melt, and from there a third river flows - the Vydryannaya River, and shelters, the bottom floats from Snezhnaya. .. And along those rivers, all over the winter quarters of the industrial Cossacks who hunt for sables” “... From there (from the mountains) the third river flows - the Vydryannaya River... and they call it Vydryannaya because they catch a lot of otters and beavers along it.” In his book “The Journey of the Kingdom of Siberia” the following description is given of the incident of sailing along the shore of Southern Baikal: “And on the 12th day of September we went beyond the seas by rowing, and how there were planks in the middle of the sea, and at that time a great side wind arose, and behind the wind the large sea rowed into the Pereemnaya River, but was blown away by the wind from the Pereemnaya River about 4 versts, and arrived at the Pereemnaya River in the evening; until the 14th. And on the 14th day of September, we rowed from the Pereemnaya River to the Mishikha River, and before reaching the Mishikha River, about 15 versts away, the wind rose in the opposite direction, and the waves of the great plank turned back into the Pereemnaya River, and at that time the plank. a little on the shore was not swept by the great waves; and at the same time the noble plank went from the Snezhnaya River to the Pereemnaya River and was about 10 miles away from the Pereemnaya River; more topics But the great wind and waves swept the plank onto the shore.

Vydrino

Vydrino
Region: Republic of Buryatia
Founded: XVIII century
Population, thousand people: 5
Timezone:
MSK+5 (UTC+8, summer UTC+9)
Coordinates: 51°27′00″ N. w. 104°38′00″ E. d. (G)
On the map of Russia: Yandex.Maps

Distance to the district center. Kabansk - 180 km, to Irkutsk - 172 km and 300 km to the capital of the Republic of Buryatia, Ulan-Ude.

Vydrino is a village in the Kabansky district of the Republic of Buryatia. south coast Lake Baikal at the mouth of the Snezhnaya River (on the other side of the river, in the Irkutsk region, is the village of Novosnezhnaya). Population: about 5 thousand inhabitants. Vydrino was founded in the 18th century as a crossing over the Snezhnaya River. In 1903, a Trans-Siberian Railway station was built, expanding the boundaries of the village. The village of Vydrino is located on the southern shore of Lake Baikal, where the administrative border of the Republic of Buryatia with the Irkutsk region runs along the Snezhnaya River. The name of the village comes from the river of the same name, a tributary of Lake Baikal. The Russian ambassador Nikolai Spafariy, who visited these regions in 1675 on his way to China, wrote: “the river flows Vydryannaya, and they call it Vydryannaya because a lot of otters and beavers are caught along it.” Vydrino consists of three villages built at different times. The first of them, as a crossing over the Snezhnaya River, was founded in the 18th century, the second was founded at the beginning of the 20th century as a Trans-Siberian railway station (1903). In the years Civil War here there were battles between partisan detachments and the Semyonovtsy and Kappelevtsy. In the 1950s In Vydrino, a large timber transshipment base was built - the Baikal LPB and a workers' settlement was founded. In 2003, Vydrino received the status of a village. Near Vydrino, a bottling plant for Baikal water has been established.
In Vydrino there is a secondary school, a children's art school, a children's art house, a village library, a village club, a post office, shops, medical facilities, and several guest houses are open.

History of the development of the village of Vydrino.
The land stretching from the shores of Lake Baikal to the wide steppes of Mongolia is our native, rich and unique region - Buryatia.
Our village is located on the territory of Buryatia, on the shore of a unique lake.
The village has ancient history and its own characteristics: it consists of three villages formed at different times. The first village was founded, most likely in the 18th century, as a crossing over the Snezhnaya River. The second one is on the railway. station, founded in connection with the construction
of the Trans-Siberian Railway Moscow-Vladivostok. The third one was founded in 1954 in connection with the construction of the Baikal timber transshipment base.
There were no exiles on the territory of our village; they lived in other regions of Buryatia, in Kabansk. And our region near Lake Baikal was not inhabited until the beginning of the 20th century. Historical documents indicate that in ___ the annexation of the Buryat lands to Russia began, and in 1659-1666. the main part of Buryatia had already been annexed to Russia.
And only by the beginning of the 18th century, when river crossings were needed for communication, several houses appeared at the mouth of the Snezhnaya River. This was the first settlement and it was called “Snezhnaya”.
It was located on this side of the river, where there was a raid and not reaching the modern fire tower. October 8, 2000 The students of our school counted the burials in the old cemetery (near the fire tower.) 26 graves were preserved. On one of them there are inscriptions: “... the blacksmith Afanasy Andreevich Kuzminsky, who suffered from a dynamite explosion, therefore died prematurely on October 9, 1902. 30 years old. Peace to your ashes from your wife Lyusinya Ivanovna. “Accept, my friend, the last debt of earthly reward; alas, now there is no hope of seeing you again.”
But we cannot assume that this is the first grave, because... early burials have already been erased by time, this grave has been preserved because The tombstone and cross are made of stone and iron and are therefore well preserved.
According to the words of old residents who lived here at the beginning of the twentieth century, memories of this village are recorded.
Ekaterina Danilovna Kharchenko said that she came to Vydrino in 1930,
and that on the shore of Lake Baikal, where the Moscow highway passed, there was a village. People from wealthy Russian families lived in it: the staff captain of the tsarist army, Konovalov, he had a whole estate built here: a 2-story wooden house, a vegetable garden, and sowing and grain. His wife is a former architect.
There was a post office and they kept post horses. There was a house for travelers. On the other side of the river, where the village of Novo-Snezhny is now, there were 2-3 houses; this village was called Gorkhon.
IN summer time they were melted across the river by boat, and later by ferry.
Several families lived in the village of Snezhny; they looked after horses and other livestock, planted arable land, and fished. Ekaterina Danilovna recalls that they were good people, kind, hardworking, they had large families: the Nalabordins, the Bykovs, the Zuevs and others. Other old-timers of our village also remember the village on the shores of Lake Baikal. Thus, Evdokia Petrovna Razuvaeva lived in the village since 1931. remembers that on the shore of Lake Baikal there was a small village (where there is now a fire station-tower and from it further to Lake Baikal) with 7-8 houses.
Residents of the village served the ferry across the Snezhnaya River.
The Tyklins, Kulavskys, and Kashkartsevs lived there. These were clever and hardworking fishermen.
They had livestock and vegetable gardens.

Village at the station.
At the end of 1891, construction began on the Trans-Siberian
highways. Construction was carried out simultaneously from two ends towards each other: from Moscow and Vladivostok. The most difficult section of this road is the Circum-Baikal one, where
it was necessary to cut several tunnels through the mountains, prepare embankments, and clear the area of ​​forest.
August 16, 1898 The first train arrived in Irkutsk. Then the trains were transported across Lake Baikal - on ice in winter, and on ferries in summer. And the construction of the railway continued from Irkutsk to the East. And approximately in 1903. passed through our area. The road “opened Siberia,” including Buryatia, to the Russian and world markets, for further colonization and industrial development of the region. Along with the construction of the railway, a village near the railway station began to be built: Train Station and three standard buildings, private houses began to be built along the railway. This street today is called “Red Partisans”, where the Veresov, Laptev, Kolesov, Krylov, Chekulai, Mozharov families lived.
In 1918-1919, on the territory of our village, along the railway line, there were heavy battles between partisan units and Semyonovtsy and Kapelevtsy detachments.
The railway bridge over the Snezhnaya River changed hands several times. Residents of our village, the Grigoriev brothers - Sergei Andreevich and Ivan Andreevich, the youngest son of the merchant Vasily Veresov and others took an active part in the struggle for Soviet power.
There were burials of partisans in different places on the territory of the village (for some reason not in the cemetery). Subsequently, at the end of the 60s, not far from the station, a monument to “Fighters for Soviet Power” was unveiled, which is included in the book historical monuments Buryatia. Another monument at the burial site of Civil War participant Vasily Efimovich Veresov. Consisting of 7 fighters, he made his way through the Tunka Valley to Lake Baikal. In the village of Arshan he was captured and shot along with his comrades. His brother M.E. Veresov reburied the remains of Vasily Efimovich in the village of Vydrino. A wooden obelisk with a height of 1.50 and a width at the base of 0.20 * 0.20 m was installed on the grave. On the metal memorial plaque there is the text: “To Vasily Efimovich Veresov.
Born in 1898. Shot by the White Guards in 1918.” It has now been replaced by a marble monument.

Later, already before the Great Patriotic War, private houses began to be built along the banks of the Snezhnaya River (modern streets are Verkhnyaya Naberezhnaya and Traktovaya).
The place was very beautiful, the village was “embraced” by the taiga, berry fields right next to the houses, bird cherry, rowan and birch trees, like Yesenin’s: “Air!” - an infusion of herbs. There were several houses along Traktovaya, but each house was far from home. The Tsyganovs, Subbotins, Alexandrenkos, Demidovs, Chechetkins, Khocheevs, Pozharskys, Istomins, Kapsulovichs lived here. All of them came from Central Russia for various reasons: they wanted to make money on the construction of railways. And who was exiled?
So the Chechetkins - two sisters and with them there was a boy, a nephew, they fled from the revolution, they were from a rich family, they were educated, they had a girl servant, they dressed in city fashion, in the summer in long dresses and hats. They taught 5-6 children at home while there was no school.
The Kapsulovich family built a wooden house with carved frames, windows, and gates. This house was the most beautiful in the village. The owner brought Victoria seedlings from the West and planted the entire garden. In the summer I carried them in large baskets for sale in Irkutsk. I didn’t give the seedlings to anyone. But in 1937 he was repressed as a Trotskyist. The wife left the house and left. Residents of the village dug up and planted the valuable berry, and since then this crop has been in every garden.
The Istomin family came from Central Russia in the 1920s. Father is a blacksmith, mother is
housewife, two girls: Veta and Lida, and there were also children. Their children and grandchildren still live in the village.
Came to the construction of the railway big family Alexandrenko: father, mother, three adult sons and two daughters. Their goal was to earn money in order to return to Ukraine, but the monetary reform took place and their savings became worthless, so they remained living in Siberia, their grandchildren still live in Vydrino today.
There lived a large Veresov family: Semyon, Mikhail, Alexey, Vasily, two sisters, Maria the teacher. The father was a merchant, he had shops railway.
Ceculai family. The youngest Alexey - golden hands, a wonderful person, taught in primary school, was called to the front and died. The Krylov merchants, wife Tamara, husband Ion Antonovich, two sons - Sergei and Evgeniy. In the mid-20s, a standard one-story school building was built, very warm and neat, with a boarding room and a veranda. The first teachers in the village, according to the memoirs of Ekaterina Danilovna Kharchenko and Valentina Vladimirovna Shevkunova, were Alexandra Petrovna Sokolova, Teplova..., Matronina..., the head of the school was Elizoveta Baysurina (they don’t remember her middle name). There weren't enough teachers. The kids have been studying for 10-13 years now, and they studied with desire.
The first students of the school: the Kolesnikovs, Topilskys and others.
There was a weather station in the village (already in 1927). The chief, Orlov, was repressed in 1937.
The head of the railway station was Vasily Trofimovich Ogienko,
road foreman Great Grandfather (name not remembered). Then Kozhinov Ilya Semenovich during the years of WWII, then Ladis Vasily. The duty officer at the station in the 30s was Nosal Konstantin, who later became the head of the station.
Before the start of the Great Patriotic War, an industrial artel was created in the area of ​​modern Verkhnyaya Naberezhnaya Street, a branch line was built from the railway, wagons were driven along it and 2-meter-long firewood and planed staves were loaded for making boxes and barrels.
Procurement for Ulan-Ude and Slyudyanka was led by Mikhail Mozharov. Several huts were built in the swamps, where fir oil was distilled and (smoked) from fir paws, two specialists worked and were responsible for quality. During the years of World War II Women worked in these jobs: Pashkova Tamara Andriyanovna, sisters Grigoriev, Igonin, Bulycheva Anna and others.
There were 10-15 horses on the farm. The head of the artel was Peterson, during the war years Razuvaev Iosif Platonovich. The artel had nets to feed itself. They worked a lot, but lived together.
In the village already in the 30s there was a hunting union, a first-aid post, where paramedics Vera Rodzina and later Lilya Novikova worked; bathhouse, bakery, where Vasily Subbotin worked as a baker.
During the war, the village of Vydrino, like the whole country, worked for victory: they maintained the uninterrupted operation of the railway, manually cleared it of snow,
the railway bridge was guarded by soldiers, they caught fish, fed themselves and sent fish oil, fir oil to the front, knitted socks, gloves, collected parcels, invested their money in bonds, raised children, and most importantly, men from the village were sent to the front, every second none of them returned.
Here is a short episode from these days.
In 1935, the Kruglyakov family came to the village to recruit for the railway. My father worked as a trackman; during the war, due to his age and “armor”, he was not taken to the front as a track worker. But the eldest daughter, Olga, born in 1923, was called up to the front at the very beginning of the war and was a telephone operator throughout the war.
In 1945 she was transferred to the Eastern Front. The family was large - 6 children, lived
like everything, it was difficult, it was especially bad with clothes. Daughter Valya, born in 1926, wrote a letter to M.I. Kalinin in Moscow, where she described the life of the village, her sister, her father, and complained that it was very difficult with clothes. And soon a package arrived from Moscow: a steel-colored winter coat with a printed zigean collar, a white down shawl and brick-colored felt boots. The parcel contained a letter, which, according to another sister, Ksenia, was kept for a long time, but unfortunately has now been lost. All residents came to look at the gift from Moscow and sometimes, on especially solemn occasions, they were given a coat or shawl to wear (recorded from the words of sister Ksenia, who still lives in Vydrino).
In 1945, military units were dispersed in Vydrino and transferred to the Eastern Front. Many of our countrywomen married soldiers. Most of the families created remained to live in Vydrino at the end of the war.
Albina Mikhailovna Lebedeva (who headed the Poisk club for many years), while compiling material about Vydrino, tried to find out why our village is called Vydrino.
Two versions were voiced by respondents:
1. There were a lot of otters in the river.
2. Allegedly, the railway master Vydrin lived, but none of the respondents clearly confirmed this version. Or a merchant, but none of the respondents knew the merchant Vydrin.

The railway from Irkutsk and through our places was built around 1900-1904, because... The first train arrived in Irkutsk on August 16, 1898. Therefore, the village near the railway appeared no earlier than 1903. On the building of the railway station, under the casing, a carving was made in 1903. He was very small. With the growth of the village, a shop of merchants - the Veresovs - appeared around 1905. The people interviewed lived in the village from 1924 and 1931. They remember the Veresov merchants well, but have not heard of the merchant Vydrina. Although, if he was, they could have heard about him from the mouths of the older residents of the village. At the same time, resident Kharchenko E.D. confirms that there were many otters in the Snezhnaya River. And 20-30 km. East of the village of Vydrino there is a river called Vydrinnaya.
Buryat historians V.B. Bakhaev, Shagdurova, creating the History of Buryatia (pre-revolutionary period), write that in the 18th century the Buryats handed over yasak to the Russian state fur. The most valuable fur was considered to be otter fur, which was valued at 3-4 sables, silver-black and black fox (2 sables).
“The desire for a large increase in its (yasak) receipts in the treasury, selfish greed, Siberian governors, yasak collectors, ... the entire hierarchy of the Siberian administration led to the fact that ... in just two centuries, the fur wealth of Siberia was radically undermined" (" History of Buryatia" part 1 pp. 52-53. Bakhaev. Shagdurova. Publishing house "Belig" 1995) All this gives reason to conclude that the name of our village Vydrino came from the abundance of river animals - otters that lived in the Snezhnaya River. and were very valuable.
The issue of designing a timber transshipment base (TLB) arose at the state level in 1951 in connection with the construction of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station. The need arose for two reasons:
1. With the construction of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station, a powerful industrial complex was created in the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo region on its energy base. This created a significant demand for wood, which led to an increase in logging in the Baikal region
2. The Irkutsk hydroelectric power station blocked the Angara channel and the passage of forest above the dams stopped. Therefore, the need arose to transport Baikal timber by rail, which led to the search for a transshipment point from water to rail.
Based on research in 1951-53, a site was chosen for the construction of a timber transshipment base and a timber processing plant in the southern part of Baikal at the site where the mouth of the Snezhnaya River and st. Vydrino. In 1953, construction began on a central artificial bucket for offshore work, timber unloading conveyors, and processing shops. Since 1954, the Vydrinsky section of the Angarsk glorious office began to operate. In 1958, the Council of the National Economy of the Buryat-Mongolian Economic Administrative Region, by order No. 108 of March 6 and by order of the Zabaikalles plant No. 77 of March 7, formed the Baikal timber transshipment base. Ivan Feliksovich Zakrevsky became the first director of BLPB, and Maryan Grigorievich Boguslavsky became the chief accountant. BLPB was transferred from the Baikal Rafting Office (act dated March 20, 1958) the following equipment: 2 locomobiles of 75 horsepower and one of 20 horsepower, TL-3 winches, trolleys, steam crane "Old Burlak", gig, ladle, 15 workers horses, carts, garage for 5 cars. Veterans remember how they worked on KT-12 tractors, ZIS-50 vehicles (gas-generating equipment powered by wood lumps). During this period, a sleeper plant, a forestry shop, a child care center, and a drying shop were built and put into operation.
Simultaneously with the construction of the BLPB, the construction of the village of Vydrino (already the third) was also underway. Construction began simultaneously on both sides of the Snezhnaya River, both from the Irkutsk region and from Buryatia. The only way to get to the construction site from the station was on foot along one swampy path. We had to go to the place where Kommunisticheskaya Street is now located. At that time, boardwalks were laid here and there in some places, and parts of panel houses were just beginning to be imported. Residents collected berries and mushrooms within the current village. For all visitors, the place to stop and spend the night was one two-story house, which is now occupied by the Vydrino housing and communal services and the village library. By the way, there was once a hospital there. BLPB was then provided with facilities located across the river in the village of Novo-Snezhny. This is a club in a adapted barracks for 50 seats, a kindergarten and a nursery are also in the barracks. It was only in the 60s that the construction of housing and social cultural facilities began to develop.
First of all, construction took place on Naberezhnaya, Rabochaya, and Kommunisticheskaya streets. .Shops, a school, a club, an outpatient clinic, a kindergarten and a nursery, and a public service center appeared in the village.
In 1962, Teofil Leontyevich Pronyuk became the director of BLPB, and since 1965, the team was headed by Dmitry Dmitrievich Serebrennikov. The enterprise gradually increased its capacity. During loading and unloading operations, the winches were replaced with gantry cranes K-305, KKS-Yu, KB-572, BKSM-14. LT-62 cranes were installed at the whip exchange. Since 1972, the company was headed by Vitaly Romanovich Vorozheikin. During this period, the enterprise was reconstructed, the bucking lines were replaced with more modern ones, a new sleeper plant was built, a second timber shop was built, the crane facility was updated, and new equipment was received at the DOC. During the reconstruction, 14 million rubles were spent. Thus, the unloading of logs amounted to 1 million cubic meters of wood. Of these, up to 700 thousand cubic meters were processed at the enterprise itself. Over 400 thousand cubic meters of sleepers, about 100 thousand lumber, 200 sets of twelve-apartment buildings, 40 thousand cubic meters of window blocks were produced. In-depth wood processing has been introduced (a wood chip shop has been built). The company's products were supplied to all parts of the country, Far East, North to the Union republics. With the construction of the BAM and the development of the oil and gas complex, the bulk of the products (sleepers, houses, window blocks, lumber) were supplied to the regions of the BAM and the Far North (Tyumen).
Subsequently, from 1979, after the transfer of V.R. Vorozheikin, the directors were A.V. Myasnikov, N.N. Gerasimenko, M.N. Nazimov, Ivanov. But the work of not only managers, but also employees since the founding of the enterprise has been invested in the success of the enterprise. These are Galina Mikhailovna Anufrieva, Zoya Khasimovna, Andrey Khasimovich, Leonid Khasimovich, Nikolai Khasimovich and Natalya Ilyinichna Gazimzyanov. Vasily Pavlovich Dranchuk, Maria Aleksandrovna Zarutskaya, Mansur Abdulovich Sukhnotdulin, Ivan Ivanovich Chuprin and many others. There were also family dynasties: the Aslamovs, Skripodchikovs, Kapterovs, Demakovs, Gladyshevs, Emelyanovs, Novikovs.
Many employees were awarded government awards for their conscientious work. Order of the Red Banner of Labor: Pyotr Ivanovich Bagaev, Vasily Illarionovich Bober, Dmitry Dmitrievich Serebrennikov, Nikolai Petrovich Goncharuk, Vasily Pavlovich Demakov, Valentina Panteleimonovna Zizyulko, Alexey Nikolaevich Nikolaev, Yuri Romanovich Tretyakov (twice), Ivan Ivanovich Chuprin. The Order of Labor Glory, 3rd degree, was awarded to Nikolai Afanasyevich Boldakov, Nadezhda Fedorovna Zhikhareva, Alexandra Fedorovna Milyukina, Antonina Vasilievna Plyaskina, Olga Aleksandrovna Shtyrnyaeva, Pavel Borisovich Lupikov, Nikolai Mikhailovich Starikov. Medals: Pyotr Ilyich Andrianov, Lyudmila Mikhailovna Alimasova, Arkady Ivanovich Alferov, Tamara Vasilyevna Baryshevskaya, Alexey Dmitrievich Butin, Anatoly Ilyich Bychkovsky, Ivan Vasilyevich Bulygin, Tamara Ivanovna Gladysheva, Miriya Ivanovna Zimina, Faina Ivanovna Kolesnikova, Roman Iosifovich Lukyanchuk, on Ivanovna Maksimova, Nina Grigorievna Patrakhina, Nadezhda Grigorievna Postovaya, Vitaly Mikhailovich Ovsyannikov, Evgenia Konstantinovna Sumirskaya, Lyubov Ivanovna Tomashevich, Galina Andreevna Fedorovskaya. The Veteran of Labor medal was awarded to 335 people.
The Baikal timber transshipment base began to occupy a prominent place in the industrial activities of the region (before the resolution on Lake Baikal of April 13, 1987 adopted by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR), it produced commercial products in a volume amounting to a quarter of the regional industrial plan. Main types of work: production of sleepers, lumber, standard houses, window and door blocks, technological chips, unloading of timber, cross-cutting of logs, production of containers, rivets, parcel boxes and facing tiles. Wood logging and wood processing waste was used to produce particle boards and wood fiber boards used in construction and furniture production. BLPB products were in demand not only in our country (from the Far East to Kazakhstan), but were also sold abroad: Japan, Mongolia, Germany, Finland.
Over the 30 years of BLPB's existence, 24 million cubic meters of wood were unloaded, about 20 million pieces of sleepers, 4.5 million cubic meters of lumber, 216 thousand cubic meters of containers, 1621 thousand. square meters of residential buildings, 800 thousand square meters of window blocks. A lot of other products were also produced.
Organizations such as IK-4, PMK-5, KPP and MSP-12 also worked in the village of Vydrino. Thus, SME -12 made a worthy contribution to the development of the socio-economic sphere of the village (the Rodnichok village, a railway workers’ club, residential buildings at Vydrino station, patronage assistance to a school and a hospital were built).
Due to the transition to new business conditions and stricter requirements for economic activity on the shores of Lake Baikal, the timber depot began to experience considerable difficulties in fulfilling the state plan. The enterprise found itself in a difficult situation and ceased to exist in the early 90s. With the closure of BLPB, Vydrino lost its former significance.

In a dense forest, 5 km from the highway, at the foot of Khamar-Daban, there are Warm Lakes - favorite place recreation for residents of Vydra and Irkutsk, on the shore of one of the lakes there is a tourist center "Snezhnaya". Here you can see the picturesque mountain"Monomakh's Hat", which is especially good in a bright gold outfit in early autumn. Every visitor is impressed by the snow-capped mountain peaks of Khamar-Daban (up to 2151 m). 25 km. north of Vydrino there is a beautiful 12-meter waterfall on the Snezhnaya River.
The popular walking route to Sable Lakes. Experienced guides will take you along forest and taiga paths through picturesque places: Tolbazikha, Mamaia, the Vydrina, Snezhnaya, Khamar-Daban rivers.

For every adult resident of the Buryat village of Vydrino, which is located in most beautiful place Baikal coast, bailiffs have four to five writs of execution. And everyone's debts are growing exponentially. How did it happen that a whole locality, Sibnet.ru was told by local authorities, bailiffs and the residents themselves.

EVERYONE SHOULD

In the village of Vydrino, the bailiffs have a lot of work: almost every third resident, if you take into account children, is a debtor. For every adult, there are at least four to five enforcement proceedings. And it is impossible to return the money; many debtors simply do not have property that can be described.

As Galina Subbotina, an employee of the press service of the republican Office of the FSSP, said, residents of Vydrino owe a total of 29.9 million rubles. Of them most make up utility bills for which the residents of Vydra have not paid 12.8 million rubles. There is also a total debt in favor of credit institutions in the amount of more than 6 million rubles and fines from specially authorized bodies in the amount of 524 thousand rubles.

“Currently, pressing problems in the execution of enforcement proceedings are: insolvency or low solvency of debtors (lack of property and income, unemployment, debt load), absence of debtors at the addresses specified in the enforcement documents,” Subbotina noted.

According to the law, if the debtor does not have property that can be described, enforcement proceedings end with an act of impossibility of collection and are returned without execution to the claimant. But the claimant has the right to re-initiate the collection process. And so on in a circle.

“We live in a house, we have two or three loans each. Because our salary is nowhere near enough. We have more unemployed people in the village. I worked in the administration as a watchman, I wanted to go to the post office, they needed postmen. But they don’t take you there, you work in one area, but you can’t work in another,” says Vydrino resident Natalya Mitryaeva.

She receives 8 thousand rubles, and her husband, who works in a local colony, receives 30 thousand rubles. But the family does not have enough money: the couple are raising four children.

“In our village we need a car to go pick berries, for example. What should I use it for? We go to the bank to get a loan, but they won’t give us one. We both work, but there are unemployed people and they are given money. They then change their passports and last names,” says the woman.

She believes that local authorities are to blame for everything because they do not create new jobs. And now they also want to close the main “enterprise” for the village - the colony. The interlocutor is sure that an intelligent and economic manager could solve this problem.

“Our children have nothing to do. I have a 14-year-old child - he works at a camp site to earn money for school... We have a camp site in Novosnezhnaya. He goes there on a bike,” says Mitryaeva.

AND THE ELECTRIC TRAIN WAS CANCELED

The head of the village council, Svetlana Orlova, has lived in Vydrino since birth. She believes that unemployment drives people into debt, but there are also those who are simply dishonest about payments.

“We have 50% unemployment and alcoholism occurs among people who are not mentally prepared for this life... Maybe the 90s played a role here. When the city-forming enterprise - the timber depot - left, people lost their meaning. Then some found themselves, and some didn’t,” says Orlova.

According to her, in July of this year the electric train was canceled and now the village can only be reached by passing trains, which is inconvenient and expensive. “We're trying to create jobs. But production is prohibited on Lake Baikal. Our electricity supply is five times higher than in the neighboring Irkutsk region across the river. We have three rubles, and for legal entities - 5 rubles. And in the neighboring region they have up to 1 ruble. Who will invest what?” says the village head.

She explains that the village’s annual budget is 11 million rubles, but it still needs to be collected, because the tax arrears are also large. And the budget spends 500 thousand rubles just on snow removal - winters in this area are very snowy.

TOURISM?

“The village of Vydrino is recognized as depressed; the main place of work there is a correctional colony, where about 180 people work. This situation has been created for years. In Soviet times, about 12 thousand people lived and worked in the village (now about 5 thousand). The timber depot ceased to exist, everything began to decline sharply,” says the head of the administration of the Kabansky district, Sergei Savvateev.

According to him, high prices for electricity are due to the fact that they recently changed management company. They changed it because the heating season in the village was difficult, with delays. After changing companies, the situation improved, but prices increased.

“They had problems with non-payments and situations when there was no coal - more than once (happened). Now the situation is better, major repairs are being carried out on heating networks and boilers,” says the head of the district. He notes that the authorities are looking for options to create new jobs. For example, near Vydrino there is Mount Mamai, which is popular with tourists, and now there are plans to create a ski resort on it.

“An agreement has been concluded with the Zvezda Baikal company, which wants to develop and implement a development project tourist area, thereby we plan to employ the population and reduce the unemployment rate. The search for investors is underway,” explains Savvateev.

However, for now it is difficult for him to predict when exactly the ski complex will be built.

REFERENCE:

Vydrino is located on the Snezhnaya River at its confluence with Baikal in the Kabansky region of Buryatia. The village's history dates back to 1902 - originally it was a railway station on the Trans-Siberian Railway. In the middle of the last century, a large timber transshipment base was built between the station and the coast of Lake Baikal and a workers’ settlement was founded, for which it became a city-forming enterprise. Due to a shortage of labor, a correctional colony was even established here. But in the 1990s, the timber transshipment base closed.

In 2004, Moscow entrepreneurs began building a plant for bottling Baikal water, which occupied part of the population, but today this enterprise also does not work. In the mid-2000s, the status of the village was changed to a village.

Photo: provided by the administration of the village of Vydrino

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is destructive to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What kind of UV radiation from the sun is there?

Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

• UVA Long-wave radiation range

  315–400 nm

  The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV-B. Medium wave range radiation

  280–315 nm

  The rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range radiation

  100–280 nm

  The most danger area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these life-saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

At what UV index values ​​is there a danger?

The UV index provides an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from a safe 0 to an extreme 11+.

• 0–2 Low
• 3–5 Moderate
• 6–7 High
• 8–10 Very high
• 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only when maximum height The sun is above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points throughout the year.

What are the benefits of the sun?

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, and vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between the beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such aggressive influence. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain

How the Sun affects people

Sensitivity to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are the most sensitive to the Sun - for them, protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most influenced by the Sun?

People with fair hair

skin tone

People with many moles

Residents of mid-latitudes during a holiday in the south

Winter lovers

fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous?

It is a common misconception that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can also get sunburned in cool, cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of getting sunburned, which cannot be said about traditional places beach holiday. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow simple rules:

Spend less time in the sun during midday hours

Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreen varies in degree of sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7 %) of the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2 %, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 or higher. However, for fair-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to Apply Sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please check the cream instructions for the required volume for application.

How to Apply Sunscreen When Swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after swimming. Water washes away the protective film and, by reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when swimming, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and wiping with a towel are also reasons to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide complete protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflected from water, snow or sand can cause painful burns to the retina. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with a UV filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5 %.

Snow reflects up to 85 % of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80 % of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is reflected again by clouds.

Thus, in the mountains the Sun is most dangerous. It is necessary to protect your face, lower chin and ears even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you get sunburned

Use a damp sponge to moisten the burn.

Apply anti-burn cream to the burned areas

If your temperature rises, consult your doctor; you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (the skin swells and blisters greatly), seek medical attention