List of dangerous places in electrical installations. List of oversized (dangerous) places and service passages
At power supply distances, work is carried out to identify dangerous places in the contact network. Lists and photographs of these places indicating necessary measures, ensuring the safe performance of work, power supply distances approved by management are located at the energy dispatcher and in the area of the contact network, where they are posted in the premises of duty stations, in the occupational safety corner, and cards for the execution of work in these places are handed over to the work manager along with the work permit .
The following are considered dangerous places on the contact network (Fig. 12.5).
- 1. Mortise and sectional insulators separating frequently disconnected and grounded loading and unloading paths, inspection of roof equipment, etc. (Fig. 12.5, A).
- 2. Places where consoles or clamps of various sections of hauls and stations come together at a distance of less than 0.8 m (Fig. 12.5, d).
- 3. Supports with anchor waste of contact suspension of various sections and grounded anchor waste, the distance from the place of work to live parts is less than 0.8 m (Fig. 12.5, g).
- 4. Common racks of clamps of various sections of double-track consoles of hauls and stations, where the distance between the clamps is less than 0.8 m (Fig. 12.5, e).
- 5. Supports where two or more disconnectors, an arrester, a disconnector and an arrester are located (Fig. 12.5, V).
- 6. Stitching the contact suspension and passing above it at a distance of less than 0.8 m are the cables of disconnectors and arresters with other potentials (Fig. 12.5, b).
- 7. Places for passage of supply feeders, suction and other wires along the cables of flexible crossbars (Fig. 12.5, d).
Rice. 12.5. Dangerous places on the contact network and layout of signage signs: A - mortise and sectional insulators separating frequently disconnected and grounded loading and unloading paths, inspection of roof equipment, etc.; b - piercing the contact suspension and passing above it at a distance of less than 0.8 m, cables of disconnectors and arresters with other potentials; V - supports where two or more disconnectors, arrester, disconnector and arrester are located; d - places of approach at a distance of less than 0.8 m of consoles or clamps of various sections of stages and stations; d - places of passage of supply feeders, suction and other wires along the cables of flexible crossbars; e - common racks of clamps of various sections of double-track consoles of hauls and stations, where the distance between the clamps is less than 0.8 m; and- supports with anchor waste of catenary suspension of various sections and grounded anchor waste, the distance from the place of work on which to live parts is less than 0.8 m; h - locations of electro-repellent protection on the crossbars of the AC contact network to prevent nesting of birds; And - supports with horn arresters
- 8. Locations of electro-repellent protection on the crossbars of the AC contact network to prevent bird nesting. The length of the antenna should be 180-190 m, the distance to the catenary wires should be at least 2.5 m, in addition, to protect the insulators from birds, special structures should be used on both sides of the insulator (Fig. 12.5, h).
- 9. Supports with horn arresters, on which the suspension of one of the tracks is mounted, and the arrester loop is connected to the contact network of another track or feeder. Horn arresters mounted on a rigid crossbar, except for horn arresters, the loops of which are connected to the paths closest to the support (Fig. 12.5, And).
Notes
The list of dangerous places can be supplemented by the management of the power supply distance, based on local conditions.
The work order for work in a dangerous place must have a difference: a red stripe diagonally from the lower left corner to the upper right corner. The same strip should be on the map of the technological process of preparing work in a dangerous place. The routing number must be indicated in the upper right corner of the work order.
On the contact network, dangerous places are indicated by warning signs (red arrow) and posters “Attention! Dangerous place".
Control questions
- 1. How is the contact network grounded for work?
- 2. What electrical safety groups are there?
- 3. What are the conditions for performing work on the contact network and what is their essence?
- 4. Which devices on the contact network belong to dangerous places?
- 5. What is induced voltage?
- 6. How is compliance with safety rules monitored?
- 7. What is the procedure for working from insulating removable towers and working platforms of railcars and handcars?
- 8. Who has the right to issue orders, permission orders?
- 9. Who is responsible for the safe performance of work?
- 10. What is the responsibility of the observer?
- 11. What is the responsibility of the work contractor?
- 12. How are combined works performed?
- 13. What organizational and technical measures are available?
Have you ever been to dangerous places or circumstances? Fast rivers, dark forests full of dangerous animals, avalanches or even a shootout? Our planet is full of dangerous places that you shouldn’t go to for many different reasons. In some of them, deadly hurricanes occur too often, in others there is a war, somewhere the crime rate is off the charts, and in some parts of the planet even the air itself is toxic, and radiation dosimeters are sounding the alarm. In this list you will learn about the 25 most unfriendly and most undesirable places on Earth to visit.
25. Sahel, North Africa
The Sahel is a region on the edge of Africa's great Sahara Desert. Previously, local residents exploited limited resources very irresponsibly water resources in this district. As a result, this has led to severe desertification of soils and greatly increased the risk of drought and famine in the region. In just 12 years from 1972 to 1984, over 100,000 people died in the Sahel region due to drought.
24. Queimada Grande or Snake Island, Brazil
Photo: Benny Trapp
Officially, this piece of land is called Ilha de Queimada Grande, but it is better known as Snake Island. This land is located in the coastal waters of Sao Paulo and is famous for the fact that it is the only place in the world where the island botrops, a type of extremely poisonous snake, lives. Their poison is so strong that it literally melts human flesh. It is not surprising that the Brazilian authorities have completely banned visits to Snake Island.
23. Danakil Desert, East Africa
Photo: pixabay
The Danakil Desert is located in northeastern Ethiopia, south of Eritrea and northwest of Djibouti. This desert is considered one of the most hostile and dangerous places on the planet. The reason for this is the volcanoes and geysers located here, emitting toxic gases, and extreme heat. During the day the thermometer rises above 50°C in Danakil! In addition, due to conflicts in Eritrea during the visit of this amazing desert you risk being kidnapped by robbers.
22. Oymyakon, Russia
Photo: Maarten Takens
Lost in the heart of Siberia, thousands of kilometers from Moscow, the Russian village of Oymyakon is known as a permanently inhabited settlement, where the lowest temperature in the history of observations was recorded - up to minus 71.2 °C! This village is one of the coldest places on Earth, and as many as 500 people call it home. Cell phones There is practically no work here due to the constant frost. There is also no need to talk about agriculture, because not a single crop can survive in such cold weather.
21. Syria
Photo: wikimedia commons
Due to prolonged violent conflicts in Syria last years consistently ranks among the deadliest countries in the world. Residents of this war-torn state know firsthand the bombing of residential areas, hunger and shortages of medicine, prolonged sieges and even the use of chemical weapons against ordinary civilians.
20. Alagoas, Brazil
Photo: Teotonio Vilela
Brazilian metropolises such as Rio de Janeiro or Sao Paulo are larger than all others major cities countries are famous for their high crime rates. However, in Brazil there is a place much less famous and large, but it is there that the most brutal lawlessness occurs in the country and, perhaps, even in the whole world. The state of Alagoas is literally deadly. Over 2,000 people are killed here every year, even though the state has a population of only 3 million citizens.
19. Monrovia, Liberia
Photo: Matt-80
The capital of the West African country, Liberia, Monrovia is home to the worst slum on the entire continent called West Point. About 75,000 people live in a fairly limited area, and these slums are ruled by a cholera epidemic, the streets are flooded with drugs, the crime rate and teenage prostitution in West Point are off the charts, and civilized toilets and bathrooms are familiar to local residents only from stories and movies. However, life is not easy not only in the slums, but also in Monrovia as a whole, because this city is very polluted and is constantly struggling with environmental disasters(frequent floods, for example).
18. Mount Sinabung, Indonesia
Photo: Kenrick95
Mount Sinabung is an active stratovolcano located on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It erupts quite often, and thousands of people regularly lose their shelter and livelihood due to the powerful elements. Nearby towns and villages were more than once completely drowned in hot ash and ash. The most recent major eruptions wiped out populated areas in 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Unfortunately, dozens of people died during these disasters.
17. Skeleton Coast, Namibia
Photo: MarkDhawn
The Skeleton Coast is located on Atlantic coast Namibia and is renowned as one of the most deadly and unfriendly natural places on the ground. This rugged piece of land gets its name from the abundance of whale and seal skeletons scattered along the coast. Even people died here, and shipwrecks are often found on the wild beach. The current and the treacherous bottom are to blame.
16. North Korea
Photo: J.A. de Roo
Living under a totalitarian dictatorship, North Korea is best known for having a worse human rights record than almost anywhere else in the world. Both local residents and foreign tourists here constantly end up in prison for what in democratic countries is considered absolutely normal and harmless. Due to the deterioration of diplomatic relations between North Korea and the United States, this Asian country has become especially dangerous for American tourists, who literally risk not getting out of here alive if the curiosity and adventurism of travelers nevertheless overpower the instinct of self-preservation and prudence.
15. Guatemala
Photo: Clmendizabal
Guatemala has long been known for its extremely high crime rates, but that's not the only reason the Central American country makes it onto our list of the most dangerous places on the planet. Geographical location and Guatemala's topography makes it extremely vulnerable to at least three natural disasters: earthquakes, hurricanes and landslides. For example, in 1976, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake killed about 23,000 people.
14. Lake Natron, Tanzania
Photo: Clem23
Lake Natron is located at the foot of a mountain that is part of the Kenya Rift (or Gregory Rift), and it is rightfully considered one of the deadliest bodies of water in the world. Its water is extremely salty and heats up to 60 °C, and the acid-base balance ranges between 9 and 10.5. Such a highly alkaline environment means that animals in this lake petrify (calcify) extremely quickly, its water very quickly eats away the paint on fabrics, and can also seriously harm the skin and eyes of unadapted animals, including humans.
13. Sanaa, Yemen
Photo: Rod Waddington/Kergunyah, Australia
Sanaa is the capital of Yemen and the city is famous for a number of reasons. For example, it is the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. It is also the highest capital in the world relative to sea level – 2200 meters. Unfortunately, Sana'a is also one of the most dangerous places on Earth due to the fact that eternal chaos reigns here - constant bombings, murders and terrorist attacks.
12. Naples, Italy
Photo: Max Pixel
Naples is one of the largest Italian cities and has long been famous for its amazing architecture and delicious cuisine. Unfortunately, it was not for nothing that this place was included in the list of the most creepy places on the planet. This is a real trap, ready to bury millions of people at any moment. The entire city sits directly on the giant supervolcano Campi Flegrei, and scientists believe that an eruption from this volcano could potentially pose a deadly threat to everyone in the region.
11. Mailuu-Suu, Kyrgyzstan 
Photo: IAEA/flickr
Mailu Suu is home to about 23,000 people and is a mining town whose residents formerly worked in uranium mines. It was here that about 10,000 tons of uranium were mined for the USSR nuclear program in the 20th century, and now this city is one of the most radioactive places on the planet. In addition, landslides, earthquakes and floods are the most common occurrence in this region, which only increases the risk of exposure over and over again.
10. Manaus, Brazil
Photo: James Martins
Manaus is home to almost 2 million people, and this metropolis is not on our list because of its crime rate, which is lower than many other Brazilian cities. The capital of the state of Amazonas is located right in the middle of the rainforest on the banks of the legendary Amazon River, in the vicinity of which many extremely dangerous animals live. For example, swimming in this river is a very reckless idea, because piranhas, anacondas, electric eels and other deadly creatures are found here.
9. Bermuda Triangle, North Atlantic
Photo: wikimedia commons
The Bermuda Triangle has long had a reputation for being sinister or even mystical place. Geographically it is a region Atlantic Ocean between Florida, Puerto Rico and Bermuda, bounded by a conventional triangle. For decades, the region has been associated with a string of supposedly mysterious disappearances, either caused by the magnetic fields of the Earth, or associated with alien intervention. Some of the strange cases have long been investigated and explained, but there are mysteries that still remain unsolved and excite the imagination of mystics.
8. Dallol, Ethiopia
Photo: Ji-Elle, Dallol-Ethiopie
A ghost town in northern Ethiopia, Dallol is one of the most remote, low-lying and hottest on Earth. The average annual temperature here is approximately 34.6 °C, and this place was once the hottest populated area in the world. The groundwater The area is extremely salty and acidic. In addition, near Dallol there are geysers that evaporate toxic gases into the air.
7. North Sentinel Island, India
Photo: Harvinder Chandigarh
North Sentinel Island is part of the group Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal and politically belongs to India. This land is famous for its picturesque views and amazing nature, but the locals are extremely hostile and aggressive towards strangers. They refuse to contact outsiders and have even killed several intrusive visitors.
6. Lake Nyos, Cameroon
Photo: wikimedia commons
Located in the northwest of Cameroon, the Nyos crater lake is located in an area with volcanic activity and constant leaks of carbon dioxide directly from the ground. During a “limnological catastrophe,” carbon dioxide erupts directly from the bottom of the reservoir and forms a deadly cloud. This gas is heavier than air, and therefore it immediately settles on the ground, displacing oxygen and killing all life in its path. Two such gas eruptions in the 1980s killed more than 1,700 people and approximately 3,500 livestock.
5. Haiti
Photo: wikimedia commons
Third largest country in the Caribbean (after Cuba and Dominican Republic), Haiti is also a country where hurricanes occur almost more often than anywhere else in the world. Haiti is not only located right on the “hurricane highway,” but it is also a rather poor country that cannot independently deal with the consequences of regular natural disasters. Settlements usually built in floodplain valleys, natural defenses (such as forests) have long been degraded, and the country's economy is not stable enough to afford flood protection and hazard warning systems. This is why almost every hurricane here ends up being deadly.
4. Burkina Faso
Photo: wikimedia commons
Burkina Faso is a small, landlocked West African country. This place was ranked as the most dangerous place on the planet due to problems with terrorism and frequent hostage takings. Criminals attack hotels, cafes, restaurants and other places where simple people get together for relaxation and entertainment. Some of the terrorist attacks in Burkina Faso were carried out by organized groups from neighboring countries (Mali, Niger).
3. Death Valley, USA
Photo: Wolfgangbeyer / German Wikipedia
Death Valley is located on the border between Nevada and California in the desert Great Basin, and she got her name for a reason. It is incredibly hot here in the summer (up to 56.7 °C), and terribly cold in the winter months. In addition, due to storms that rage in the area of the mountains surrounding this place, the lowlands of the valley are often and extremely suddenly flooded.
2. Fukushima, Japan
Photo: wikimedia commons
In March 2011, the Japanese prefecture of Fukushima, the island of Honshu, became the site of one of the most tragic nuclear disasters in human history. A nuclear power plant exploded in Fukushima as a result of a powerful earthquake and tsunami. Even today, 6 years after the disaster, very high level radiation, making this place one of the most dangerous in the world.
1. Fraser Island, Australia
Photo: wikimedia commons
Australia's Fraser Island is literally strewn with beautiful beaches with white sand and pure water. Although this place is picturesque, it is an extremely dangerous area that should be avoided. Sandy beaches are infested with poisonous spiders, and very aggressive ones live here wild dogs dingoes, and the sea itself is overrun with sharks and poisonous jellyfish.
We present a selection of the scariest and most dangerous places on the planet, where you are guaranteed a thrill.
Verkhoyansk, Russia
Photo visityakutia.com
The very heart of Siberia. If she has it, of course - 3000 kilometers east of Moscow. Verkhoyansk is one of the coldest cities in the world. Having visited it, you can easily put it on the status on the social network: Iceland is for weaklings. In winter, the temperature in the city ranges from 40-55 degrees below zero. Okay though. Verkhoyansk is a city for lovers: from September to March, the day length here is less than 5 hours. Walking through the dark Siberian streets is a real test of relationships. High school students go to school even at -56. “They have exams,” explains a resident of Verkhoyansk. Pass the exam of your life - take a look at Verkhoyansk, just don’t freeze your nose.
Reindeer herders with their herds near Verkhoyansk, the northern city Yakutia.
Lake Kivu. Democratic Republic of Congo/Rwanda
Photo by Hicham Daoudi
If you're lucky, you'll be able to taste ready-made fish soup straight from the lake. Kivu is located in a depression near the Kituro volcano, and during the eruption the lava falls directly into the lake: fish and algae begin to cook. When the volcano stops its activity, residents come on boats and have a snack. The last time this happened was in 1948. But there is something more interesting, quite “explosive”. At the depths of Kivu there are huge deposits of methane, and if they are released, something like an American action movie will happen. 2 million local residents they literally live like on a volcano, expecting the worst every second. So try to have time to post photos on Instagram if you decide to visit the Congo.
Minqin County (Gansu Province, China)
Photo - China.Org
Minqin is a real “mad drying”. Chinese authorities have already declared the county an environmental disaster zone and are gradually relocating about 2 million residents stuck between two deserts that are growing at a speed of 10 meters per year. Sandstorms and winds last about 130 days, destroying all life in their path. Since 1950, the desert has already occupied more than 260 square kilometers of the county and is not going to stop. Visiting the county is now your mirage: go to it.
Dallol, Ethiopia
Photo by Victoria Rogotneva
The gateway to hell exists - this is the settlement of Dallol in northern Ethiopia in the Dalakil desert. We recommend going here immediately after Verkhoyansk. A difference of 120 degrees will undoubtedly be interesting to the body - in summer the temperature reaches +60 degrees. You won’t be able to drink fresh juice and Frappuccino on the closed veranda of the cafe: the territory consists of continuous salt flats and volcanoes (active, by the way!). If it is still unknown whether a ghost ship exists, then a ghost town definitely exists - that is what the residents called Dallol due to the inhospitable climate and lack of infrastructure. Remember a phrase in Ethiopian that will be useful to you: “Chygyr” - problems!
Tristan da Cunha Archipelago (UK)
Photo by Maurits Heech
From the archipelago to Africa - 2816 km, to South America- 3360 km and to St. Helena Island - 2161 km. Having reached lost islands, You will find yourself in the company of about 300 people and a number of Tristan rail birds, living only in this range. If you want to send a message with a bird, it won’t work: they are flightless birds. There is no airport here; you can only get there by sea. It is believed that northern islands The archipelago was discovered by the Portuguese Tristan da Cunha in 1506, but he did not land on the shore. Gough Island was discovered by the English navigator Charles Gough in 1731. There is an amazing legend about the island, but only locals know it. Well, you understand, right?..
Meghalaya State, India
Photo by Arun Bhat
In the city of Mosinrem there is a sign “The Wettest Place on Earth”, but it is difficult to see due to the incessant rains. There is no point in checking the weather - it rains every day, but it makes sense to buy an umbrella made of bamboo and banana leaves. From the outside it will seem that you are carrying a large boat. Rockfalls often occur due to rain. In general, as the British say, It's raining cats and dogs - of course, this is just an idiom: cats and dogs do not fall from the sky - the expression means that it is pouring rain. You will find out how animals actually behave during the rain upon arrival in the state.
Tallest waterfall in the world: Angel, Venezuela
Photo by ronbrinkmann
The waterfall is located in the tropical forests of Venezuela on the territory National Park Canaima. The level of continuous water fall is 807 meters. Like the veil of a beautiful bride, Angel falls from the top of Auyantepui - "the devil's mountain." The height is so high that the water turns into fog, which can be felt several kilometers away. The waterfall is named after the pilot James Angel, who flew over it in 1933. Angel wanted to find a deposit of gold ore, but the wheel of his monoplane broke over the swampy jungle at the very top of the plateau. As a result, he had to commit emergency landing, and then walk down the mountain for 11 days. Upon returning, the pilot immediately reported his grand discovery to the National Geographic Society. As a result, the inaccessible waterfall became one of the most visited places. You have the opportunity to see an angel (“angel”), and then descend for 11 days. Or not. Come and tell me.
Volcano boarding (Nicaragua)
Photo Optical illusion
If you're tired of snow, grab your board and head to Nicaragua. The crazy guys have already thought of everything and tried it out on themselves. They say that the gravel and dust in your face are very refreshing, especially at a speed of 80 km/h. Maybe you will have time to get away from the lava running down - the volcano is active!
Home camping
And now about the most dangerous place on Earth - your apartment. By staying here for a long time, you guarantee yourself a disgusting mood and a loss of physical strength. The water can be turned off at any time, and an avalanche of depression will cover you right in your bed. We do not recommend trying it alone. It’s better to take a ticket to Verkhoyansk or Africa - you’ll be safer.
DANGEROUS PLACES
1. Dangerous places on the contact network include:
mortise and sectional insulators separating frequently disconnected and grounded loading and unloading paths, inspection of roof equipment, etc.;
places where consoles or clamps of various sections of stages and stations approach each other at a distance of less than 0.8 m;
supports with anchor waste of catenary suspension of various sections and grounded anchor waste, the distance from the place of work on which to live parts is less than 0.8 m;
common racks of clamps of various sections of double-track consoles, stages and stations, where the distance between the clamps is less than 0.8 m;
supports where two or more disconnectors or arresters are located;
piercing the contact suspension and passing above it at a distance of less than 0.8 m, cables of disconnectors and arresters with other potentials;
places of passage of supply feeders, suction and other wires along the cables of flexible crossbars;
location of electrorepellent protection;
supports with a horn arrester, on which the suspension of one of the paths is mounted, and the arrester cable is connected to the other path.
2. Dangerous places on overhead lines include:
supports with joint suspension of wires of overhead lines 6, 10 kV and with voltage up to 1000 V with a distance between them of less than 2 m;
sections of overhead lines in the span of the intersection of two lines, if the intersection in terms of dimensions is carried out in deviation from the requirements of the PUE;
supports on which two or more disconnectors, two or more cable couplings of various connections are installed;
supports on which wires of intersecting lines with voltages up to 1000 V of various connections are attached;
sections of lighting lines pedestrian bridges, located above the contact network, and lighting lines of passenger platforms on a cable suspension attached to the lower fixing cables of the crossbars;
wooden supports with rotting more than acceptable.
3. Dangerous places must be marked with warning signs and posters "Attention! Dangerous place."
Appendix 4
INDICATORS, PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY SIGNAL SIGNS, MANUAL SIGNALS USED ON THE CONTACT NETWORK
"LOWER POWER COLLECTOR" INDICATORS
1. On electrified areas of direct current in front of air gaps, where in the event of a sudden release of voltage in one of the sections of the contact network, the passage of electric rolling stock with raised pantographs is not allowed, signal light indicators “Lower the pantograph” are used, placed on the supports of the contact network or individual masts ( Fig. 58).
Rice. 58
When a flashing luminous strip of transparent white color appears on the signal indicator, the driver is obliged to immediately take measures to follow the fenced air gap with lowered pantographs. Normally, the signal bars of the indicators do not light up and in this position the indicators have no signal value.
PERMANENT SIGNAL SIGNS
2. If signal signs “Lower the pantograph” are used, a permanent signal sign with reflectors “Attention! Current divider” is installed in front of it (Fig. 59, A). A permanent signal sign “Raise the pantograph” with reflectors on it is installed behind the air gap in the direction of movement (Fig. 59, b).
The installation diagram of the signal indicators “Lower the pantograph” and the permanent signal signs “Raise the pantograph” and “Attention! Current divider” is shown in Fig. 60. Their placement should not impair the visibility and perception of permanent signals.
When operating 12-car electric trains, the distance from the air gap to the permanent "Raise the pantograph" sign must be at least 250 m. 
Rice. 59 
Rice. 60
3. Contact network supports that limit air gaps must have a distinctive sign - alternating four black and three white horizontal stripes. The first support in the direction of train movement is, in addition, additionally indicated by a vertical black stripe (Fig. 61, A).
Signs can be applied directly to supports or shields mounted on supports (Fig. 61, b).
Rice. 61
On multi-track sections, it is allowed to install the indicated signs on the contact network structures above the track axis. Stopping electric rolling stock with raised pantographs between these supports (signs) is prohibited.
4. Warning signs with reflectors are installed in electrified areas:
"Turn off the current" (Fig. 62, A) - before the neutral insert;
“Turn on the current on the electric locomotive” (Fig. 62, b);
“Turn on the current on the electric train” (Fig. 62, V) - behind the neutral insert.
The installation diagram of these signs is shown in Fig. 63. 
Rice. 62 
Rice. 63
The signal sign “End of the catenary” (Fig. 64) is installed on the contact network in the places where the working area of the contact wire ends. 
Rice. 64
TEMPORARY SIGNALS
5. In places that do not allow the passage of electric rolling stock with raised pantographs (in the event of a malfunction of the contact network, scheduled repairs and construction work, when it is necessary to lower pantographs when moving trains), temporary signal signs with reflectors are installed that show:
"Prepare to lower the pantograph" (Fig. 65, A);
"Lower the pantograph" (Fig. 65, b);
"Raise the pantograph" (Fig. 65, V).
The installation diagram of these signs is shown in Fig. 66. 
Rice. 65 
Rice. 66
If planned track repairs and construction work are being carried out on a double-track section with the passage of trains along one of the tracks and the laying of temporary ramps that are not equipped with a contact network, the signal sign “Lower the pantograph” is installed at a distance of at least 100 m from the fenced section. The remaining signal signs are installed as shown in Fig. 66 scheme.
In the event of sudden detection of damage to the contact network, which does not allow the passage of electric rolling stock with raised pantographs, the employee of the power supply distance who discovered this malfunction is obliged to move 500 m towards the expected train and give the driver of the approaching train a manual signal “Lower the pantograph” (Fig. 67) :
during the day - by repeated movements of the right hand in front of you along a horizontal line with the left hand raised vertically;
at night - repeated vertical and horizontal movements of a flashlight with a transparent white light. 
Rice. 67
The driver is obliged to: give a warning signal, when the electrical circuit is de-energized, lower the pantographs and, with special vigilance, follow the location of the damage, making sure that the contact network is in good condition, raise the pantographs and continue driving.
Appendix 5
SAFETY MEASURES WHEN WORKING WITH HAND TOOLS AND INSTALLATION DEVICES
1. The heads of hammers and sledgehammers must have a smooth, slightly convex surface without warps, chips, gouges, cracks and burrs.
2. The handles of hammers, sledgehammers and other impact tools must be made of dry hardwood (birch, oak, beech, maple, ash, rowan, dogwood, hornbeam) without knots and cross-layers or from synthetic materials that ensure strength and reliability at work. The free end of the handle should be somewhat thicker (except for sledgehammers) to prevent the handle from slipping out of your hands when swinging and striking with the tool.
In sledgehammers, the handle becomes somewhat thinner towards the free end. The sledgehammer is placed on the handle towards the thickened end without wedges. Wedges for strengthening the tool on the handle are made of mild steel with notches (ruffs).
3. Shovel handles are made from wood without knots or cross-layers or from synthetic materials.
4. Impact tools (chisels, crosscutters, bits, cores, etc.) must have a smooth back part without cracks, burrs, hardening and bevels. There should be no damage to the working end. The length of the impact tool must be at least 150 mm.
5. When working with wedges or chisels using sledgehammers, wedge holders with a handle of at least 0.7 m in length should be used.
6. When working with impact tools, workers must wear safety glasses to prevent solid particles from getting into their eyes.
7. The dimensions of the jaw (grip) of the wrenches should not exceed the dimensions of the bolt heads (nut faces) by more than 0.3 mm. The use of shims when the gap between the planes of the jaws and the heads of bolts or nuts is more than permissible is prohibited.
8. Do not extend wrenches with additional arms, second wrenches or pipes. It is allowed to extend the handles of the keys with additional levers of the “asterisk” type only, or to use keys with long handles. To avoid falling, it is prohibited to place the tool on the railings of fences or on the edge of scaffolding, scaffolding, or near open hatches or wells.
9. The working surfaces of the adjustable wrench jaws must be parallel to each other. Deviation from parallelism is allowed, in the direction of widening the pharynx towards its base, not exceeding 2°. When turning the worm, the movable jaw of the wrench should move smoothly along the entire length of the jaw, without jamming. During operation of the adjustable wrench, it must be ensured that the worm is kept from turning spontaneously. There should be no loss of the sponge when opening the pharynx. When using adjustable wrenches, it is not allowed to use additional levers or use a wrench with a jaw size larger than that indicated on the wrench.
10. Tension couplings must not have bending screws, play, screws in the guide nuts, cracks or burrs on the coupling body
11. The handles of straightening wrenches must be smooth and free of burrs.
12. Files, hacksaws and other tools with the pointed end on the handle side must be mounted on wooden handles with tightening rings. It is prohibited to operate such a tool without handles.
13. Blocks of pulley blocks must have a stamp indicating the load capacity. The rollers in pulley hoists should rotate easily, for which they must be systematically lubricated. The block cheeks, roller flanges, tension hook and loops must not have cracks, chips or other defects.
Appendix 6
WORKING WITH THE MEGAOHMETER
1. Measurements with a megohmmeter in installations with voltages above 1000 V are carried out by two workers, one of whom must have group IV.
In installations with voltages up to 1000 V, measurements are carried out by order of two persons, one of whom must have group III.
Measurements with a megohmmeter are performed on disconnected live parts from which the charge has been removed by first grounding them. Grounding from live parts should be removed only after connecting the megohmmeter.
2. Testing the insulation of a line that can receive voltage from both sides is permitted only if a message has been received from the operating personnel of the electrical installation that is connected to the other end of this line that the switch and disconnectors are turned off and a “Do not” sign has been posted. include. People are working."
3. Before starting the tests, it is necessary to make sure that there are no people working on that part of the electrical installation to which the test device is connected, to prohibit persons located near it from touching live parts and, if necessary, to set up security.
4. When working with a megohmmeter, touching the live parts to which it is connected is prohibited. After completion of work, it is necessary to remove the residual charge from the equipment being tested by briefly grounding it.
5. Megohmmeter measurements are prohibited:
on one of the circuits of double-circuit lines with a voltage above 1000 V, while the other circuit is energized;
on a single-circuit line, if it runs parallel to a working line with a voltage above 1000 V;
during a thunderstorm or when it is approaching.
Appendix 7
POSTERS AND SAFETY SIGNS
| Poster or sign number | Name and purpose | Version, dimensions, mm | Application area |
| PROHIBITIONAL POSTERS |
|||
| 1. | "Don't turn it on. People are working." To prohibit the supply of voltage to the workplace | Red letters on a white background. The border is red, 13 and 5 mm wide. Portable poster | In electrical installations with voltages up to and above 1000 V. They are hung on the drives of disconnectors, separators, load switches, on keys and remote control buttons, on switching equipment up to 1000 V (in automatic machines, switches, circuit breakers), if switched on incorrectly, voltage may be applied to the workplace. For connections up to 1000 V that do not have switching devices in the circuit, the poster is hung near the removed fuses |
| 2. | "Do not turn on. Work on the line." To prohibit the supply of voltage to the line on which people are working | White letters on a red background. Portable poster | The same, but they are posted on the drives, keys and control buttons of those switching devices, if switched on incorrectly, voltage may be supplied to the overhead line or cable line on which people are working. |
| WARNING SIGNS AND POSTERS |
|||
| 3. | | According to GOST 12.4.026-76 (sign No. 2.5). The background is yellow, the border and arrow are black. Triangle side: 360 on room doors 100 for equipment and containers Permanent sign | In electrical installations with voltages up to and above 1000 V. Strengthened on the outside entrance doors RU with the exception of the doors of the complete switchgear and package transformer substations located in these devices; external doors of chambers of switches and transformers; fencing of live parts located in production premises; doors of panels and assemblies with voltage up to 1000 V |
| Same | Same | In populated areas*. It is fixed on the supports of overhead lines above 1000 V at a height of 2.5-3 m from the ground, for spans of less than 100 m it is strengthened through a support, for spans of more than 100 m and crossings of roads - on each support. When crossing roads, signs should be facing the road, in other cases - on the side of the support, alternately on the right and left sides. Posters are mounted on metal and wooden supports |
|
| 4. | "Caution! Electrical voltage." To warn of the danger of electric shock | The dimensions are the same as for sign No. 3. The border and boom are applied using a stencil to the concrete surface with indelible black paint. The background is the concrete surface. Permanent sign | The same, but only on reinforced concrete supports of overhead lines |
| 5. | "Stop! Tension." To warn of the danger of electric shock | Black letters on a white background. The border is red, 21 mm wide. Portable poster | In electrical installations up to and above 1000 V. In closed switchgear, it is hung on temporary fences of live parts that are under operating voltage (when the permanent fence is removed); on temporary fences installed in passages where you should not enter; on permanent fences of cells adjacent to the workplace. In outdoor switchgear, it is hung during work performed from the ground, on ropes and cords enclosing the workplace; on structures, near the workplace on the way to the nearest live parts that are energized |
| 6. | "Test. Life-threatening." To warn of the danger of electric shock when performing high voltage tests | Black letters on a white background. The border is red, 21 mm wide. Red arrow according to GOST 12.4.026-76. 280210 | Posted with an inscription outside on equipment and fences of live parts when preparing the workplace for testing with high voltage |
| 7. | "Danger! Keep out!" To warn about the danger of climbing structures, which may involve approaching live parts that are energized | Black letters on a white background. The border is red, 21 mm wide. Red arrow according to GOST 12.4.026-76. Portable poster | In the switchgear it is hung on structures adjacent to the one that is intended for lifting personnel to a workplace located at a height |
| 8. | "Warning! Dangerous place." | Background yellow, border and arrow black | In dangerous places on switchgear structures of traction substations, on the contact network |
| 9. | "Caution! Oversized space" | The background is yellow, the border and the exclamation mark inside the border are black | Installed at the boundaries of zones where the space between the approach clearance of buildings and the clearance of rolling stock does not ensure the safety of workers |
| POSTERS PRESCRIPTION |
|||
| 10. | "Work here." To indicate a workplace | White circle with a diameter of 168 and 68 mm on a green background. Black letters inside a circle. The border is white, 5 and 2 mm wide. 250250; Portable poster | In electrical installations of power plants and substations they are hung at the workplace. In outdoor switchgear, if there are protective fences, the workplace is hung at the place of passage behind the fence |
| 11. | "Get in here." To indicate a safe climbing path to a workplace located at height | Same | Hung on structures or stationary ladders that allow access to a high-altitude workplace |
| INDEX POSTER |
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| 12. | "Grounded." To indicate the inadmissibility of supplying voltage to a grounded section of an electrical installation | Black letters on a blue background. The border is white, 13 and 5 mm wide. 8050 | In electrical installations of power plants and substations, they are hung on the drives of disconnectors, separators and load switches, which, if turned on incorrectly, can supply voltage to the grounded section of the electrical installation, and on the keys and buttons for their remote control |
Technical instruction No. o-04/05 “On identifying dangerous places on the contact network, traction and step-down substations, sectioning posts, parallel connection points and power lines”
Personnel servicing electrical installations are at risk of injury from electric shock. From this point of view, electrical installations of all voltage classes up to and above 1000 V are dangerous, at the same time, in the electrical installations of the power supply facilities of JSC Russian Railways there are areas that require special attention - dangerous places.
Such places arise during the elimination of damage, in the process of creating temporary power supply circuits, commissioning of equipment installed without a design, in violation of the requirements of PUE, PUTEX on the contact network, in electrical installations of power supply areas, traction substations.
The presence of dangerous places is also explained by the need to operate devices that have not undergone reconstruction, made in accordance with the requirements of canceled regulatory documents. Working in hazardous areas requires special attention.
In order to ensure the safety of personnel when performing work on servicing electrical installations in hazardous locations, it is necessary to:
identify dangerous places in a timely manner, create lists (database) of such places for persons issuing work orders, checking the correctness of their issuance when accepting applications (ECC), in order to exclude cases of injury due to the lack of additional safety measures in the work order;
inform each employee about the presence of dangerous places and safety measures when performing work in such places;
carry out systematic work on the farm to replace equipment, modernize electrical installations in order to eliminate traumatic components.
1. The procedure for identifying dangerous places.
1.1. Identification of dangerous places should be carried out by commission.
The commission should include: industry deputy head of the distance, head of the line unit, industry engineer of the production and technical department (technologist).
The results of the survey must be documented in a document signed by all members of the commission. To identify dangerous places, the contact network, supply and suction lines, overhead lines (OHL) up to and above 1000 V, including automatic blocking and longitudinal power supply overhead lines, traction and transformer substations must be examined.
tions, including complete and modular designs, linear devices for traction power supply, railway junctions. Inspection reports must be drawn up for sections, stations, traction substations, linear traction power supply devices (PS, PPS, ATP), for railway junctions with a listing of transformer substations, lines up to and above 1000 V. When inspecting equipment located on the territory of one department and serviced by the personnel of another division, the identification of dangerous places must be carried out by a commission, which should include industry deputy heads of the distance supervising both divisions
The act must reflect the fact of the survey, regardless of the identified results (presence or absence of a dangerous place), indicate that it was surveyed, where the dangerous place is located, boundaries (distance, station, support number, electrical installation, cell number) and the reason why The place is classified as dangerous. If the dangerous place is the firmware of the cable, it is necessary to indicate the location of the cable in relation to the contact network, overhead line (above the overhead line, contact network, between the supporting cable and the contact wire, the upper fixing and lower fixing cables of the flexible crossbar, the distance and location of the cable in relation to the truss crossbar).
The reports should be kept by labor safety engineers, copies - by the heads of line departments and industry engineers of technical departments for planning work on the elimination of hazardous places associated with capital investments. In power supply distance workshops, reports should be stored in a separate folder.
1.4. Repeated inspection of electrical installations should be carried out by commission during walk-throughs and inspections of electrical installations once every 2 years in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents for the maintenance of signaling devices, communications and contact networks of electrified railways.
If, as a result of emergency recovery or other work, deviations from the requirements of the PUE, PUTEX are made and the preparation of the work site requires increased attention and the implementation of additional safety measures, such a place must be documented in an act as a dangerous place, within a week upon the proposal of the workshop manager in accordance with the requirement of clause 1.1.
1.5. Based on the inspection report, within two weeks the head of the line unit, together with the industry engineer of the production and technical department, must draw up maps of the technological process of preparing work in a dangerous place (hereinafter referred to as maps) signed by members of the commission (Appendix No. 1). One map can be drawn up for supports with rotting above the permissible limit, but on the diagrams such places must be indicated at each stretch or station. Maps are approved by the head of the power supply distance. The column “Safety measures, switching must be performed” must indicate objects, connections and switching devices that must be disconnected when preparing the work site, locations, number of portable
grounding and other safety measures. The maps should be in the line department, copies should be with the industry engineer. Maps must be adjusted annually and re-approved once every three years.
1.6. Based on acts and maps, the industry engineer must develop consolidated lists of hazardous places (hereinafter referred to as lists) in the prescribed form (Appendix No. 2). The lists are signed by the person responsible for the electrical facilities, and approved by the head of the power supply line. The energy dispatcher and occupational safety engineer must have the lists of hazardous locations in full, the industry engineer of the technical department - by industry (traction substations, contact network, power supply areas), in the repair and inspection department - by traction substations and areas power supply, from the workshop manager - for his own workshop, from the heads of overhead contact network areas - in addition, for neighboring areas of the overhead contact network. The lists must be reissued annually at the beginning of the year.
1.7. Responsible for organizing work to identify dangerous places, drawing up the necessary documentation, issuing work orders in dangerous places in accordance with the requirements of the Directive, ensuring that the energy dispatcher has the necessary documentation, organizing control by the energy dispatcher over the performance of work in dangerous places is Chief Engineer power supply distances.
Preparation of an order for the creation of commissions, control over the complete coverage of electrical installations of linear units by commissions to identify hazardous places, and the provision of lists of hazardous places by industry engineers is the responsibility of labor protection engineers. Based on the report of the occupational safety engineer, the person responsible for the electrical facilities resolves the issues that arise with the head of the power supply distance.
1.8. Lists of hazardous places should be posted in occupational safety corners in the premises of traction substations, power supply areas, contact networks, distribution switchgears and studied by maintenance personnel. Energy dispatchers should keep lists in a separate folder. Personnel's knowledge of lists and maps should be verified by periodic testing.
1.9. An approximate list of dangerous places at traction and transformer substations and linear traction power supply devices:
1.9.1. Unprotected live parts located:
in closed switchgear from the floor at a distance of less than at voltage from 3 to 10 kV - 2.5 m, 20-35 kV - 2.7 m (PUE, table 4.2.5D);
in outdoor switchgear from the ground or from the roof of buildings at a distance of less than at voltage: up to 10 kV - 2.9 m; 20 kV - 3.0 m; 35 kV - 3.1 m; 110 kV - 3.6 m (PUE, table 4.2.2 G);
in closed switchgear and outdoor switchgear at the distance between current-carrying parts of different circuits in different planes, as well as between live parts of different circuits horizontally when servicing one circuit and not disconnected
another circuit, between live parts and buildings or structures of at least (m) at voltage:
(PUE, table 4.2.5 G and 4.2.2 D).
For example: sectional disconnector and bus sections (in case one of them is disconnected) when sectioning switchgear buses with only one disconnector.
1.9.2. The presence of common structures, according to which personnel, when carrying out work with voltage relief at one connection, can approach the live parts of other connections at a distance less than specified in the Interindustry rules for labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations and this Instructions.
For example: outdoor switchgear equipment located on common structures.
RU cells of supply and outgoing lines that are not equipped with grounding blades on the cable and interlocks that prevent the supply of voltage to disconnected equipment from external power sources.
Lighting fixtures located from unprotected current-carrying parts of switchgear with voltages above 1000 V at a distance of less than 1 m.
1.10. An approximate list of dangerous places on overhead power lines:
1.10.1. Supports with joint suspension of overhead line wires with a voltage of 6-10 kV and up to 1 kV, if when performing work on one of the lines you can approach the other at a distance of less than 2 meters (clause 2.5.57).
1.10.2. Supports of double-circuit lines with a voltage of 35 kV and above with a distance between the nearest wires of different circuits less than specified in
clause 2.5.56 PUE.
Double-circuit lines with voltages up to 1000 V and above 1000 V up to 20 kV are not a dangerous place, since work on one of the line circuits must be carried out with the voltage removed and both circuits grounded.
1.10.3. Sections of overhead lines in the span of the intersection of 2 lines, if the intersection is carried out in deviation from the requirements of clauses 2.5.119, 2.5.122 of the PUE. The shortest distance between the wires of intersecting 10 kV overhead lines with each other or with a lower voltage overhead line with a span of up to 100 m should be 2 m.
Supports on which two or more disconnectors, two or more cable couplings of various connections are installed.
Supports on which wires of intersecting various lines with voltages up to 1000 V are mounted.
Sections of the lighting lines of pedestrian bridges located above the contact network, and the lighting lines of island platforms on a cable suspension, attached to the lower fixing cables and fixed to free-standing supports at a distance of less than 2 meters from the contact network.
Supports with rotting more than permissible according to PTEEP.
Automatic blocking and longitudinal power supply overhead line supports with power equipment installed on them, the resistance of the ground loop of which is twice or more higher than that given in the PUE and “Instructions for the maintenance and repair of power supply devices for signaling, centralization, blocking and communication on federal railway transport” TsE-881/ 02.
Switching device RU-0.4 kV (switch, automatic) on different contacts of which (moving and stationary) there is voltage from various sources (power backup circuit RU-0.4 kV of different transformer substations).
1.11. An approximate list of dangerous places on the contact network.
Mortise and sectional insulators separating frequently disconnected and grounded loading and unloading paths, inspection of roof equipment, etc.
Places where consoles or clamps of various sections of hauls and stations come together at a distance of less than 0.8 m.
Supports with catenary suspension anchor waste of various sections and grounded anchor waste, the distance from the work site to live parts is less than 0.8 m.
Common racks of clamps of various sections of double-track consoles of hauls and stations, where the distance between the clamps is less than 0.8 m.
Supports where two or more disconnectors, arrester, disconnector and arrester are located.
Stitching the contact suspension and passing above it at a distance of less than 0.8 m are the cables of disconnectors and arresters with other potentials.
1.11.7. Places for the passage of supply feeders, suction and other wires along the cables of flexible crossbars.
1.11.8. Locations of electro-repellent protection.
1.11.9. Supports with horn arresters on which the suspension of one of the tracks is mounted, and the arrester loop is connected to the contact network of another track or feeder. Horn arresters mounted on
rigid crossbar except for horn arresters, the loops of which are connected to the tracks closest to the support.
The above list of high-risk areas can be supplemented by power supply distance management based on local conditions.
