Airplane el 410. How it is made, how it works, how it works

03.11.2020

– a short-haul aircraft for regional airlines, produced in the Czech Republic since 1969.

The Let L-410 Turbolet was developed in the mid-1960s, specifically for airlines with a length of 500-800 km, which needed a spacious, economical and unpretentious aircraft. In general, in terms of takeoff and landing capabilities, the aircraft was required to have characteristics similar to those of the AN-2.

The Let L-410 Turbolet made its first flight in April 1969.

The safety margin that the designers invested in the aircraft allowed the Let L-410 to take off and land on unprepared airfields and unpaved sites.

The Let L-410 interior is spacious and equipped with large round portholes and acceptable sound insulation. Passenger seats are arranged in a 2+1 configuration.

The liner is capable of carrying up to 19 passengers over a distance of 990 to 1,500 km.

Over the years of production, the aircraft was constantly modernized in accordance with the requirements of the time. Today the aircraft continues to be produced.

Let L-410 Turbolet interior diagram:

Specifications:

ICAO code: L410
Crew: 2 people
Length: 14.42 m
Wingspan: 19.48 m
Maximum capacity: 19 passengers
Maximum take-off weight: 6,400 kg
Cruising speed: 365 km/h
Range of flight: 1,500 km

The all-metal high-wing aircraft L 410, produced in series, is equipped with two GE H80-200 turboprop engines and is designed for the transport of 19 passengers, cargo or for specific purposes. Aircraft of the L 410 family are operated in more than 50 countries on five continents, and most of was delivered to Russia, also to Africa, Southeast Asia, South America and Europe. To date, more than 1,300 aircraft have been produced. The L 410 UVP E20 model is currently being produced, which is the most advanced version of the previous L 410 series of aircraft, known for its outstanding properties and has a number of advantages:

Lowest operating and maintenance costs in its category
Unsurpassed endurance and proven reliability in extreme conditions
Reliable operation on short unpaved runways (STOL) and in extreme weather conditions
Unique engine traction properties at high temperatures and low pressure
Versatility and passenger comfort
Equipment variability with installation of special options
Superior Security Options
Large luggage compartment
Has the most spacious cabin for passengers in its category

Main characteristics of the aircraft after engine remotorization on GE H80-200:

Increased flight range by 1,520 km (820 NM)
Increased power when operating in extreme conditions and high mountain areas, maximum power will remain up to 36°C
Reduced fuel consumption
Reducing take-off distance by 503 m
Increased flight duration to 5.1 hours.

L 410 aircraft have been in production for over 40 years and their safety is truly excellent. Owners and carriers from different regions Europe, Asia, Africa and America appreciate the engine's excellent thrust performance at high temperatures and low air pressure, as well as its exceptional short take-off and landing (STOL) capabilities in our aircraft.

Their massive and durable design and ability to operate in extreme climatic conditions in the temperature range from -50°C to +50°C are especially appreciated. The aircraft's robust fuselage and unique design provide ample opportunities for its operation both in the scorching heat of the deserts of Africa and Latin America, and in the coldest areas of the world.

L 410 aircraft feel at home both when operating in the Sahara Desert and in the Siberian tundra. The aircraft have already proven reliable operation in an exceptionally wide range of climatic conditions, from the dusty and dry African savannahs to the rainforests of Latin America, as well as when taking off from sea level or hot alpine regions. The aircraft are already successfully operated in many countries and regions around the world.

With its unique landing gear, the aircraft can be operated anywhere, and only needs a few meters of strip with a minimum strength of 6 kg/cm2 (85 lb/in2), i.e. it can also land and take off from wet short grass runways.

The L 410 UVP-E20 aircraft is certified according to FAR 23 (Amendment 41) in its category and has received type certificates in Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Russia, Cuba and Chile. After the establishment of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) the aircraft received a full type certificate EASA and FAA(Federal Administration civil aviation USA). The aircraft has also been approved for operation in many other countries such as Algeria, South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Tunisia, Colombia, Venezuela, South Korea, India, etc.

The L 420, an FAA certified variant of the L 410 UVP-E20, is certified to FAR 23 (Amendment 41) and has received type approvals in the Czech Republic, USA, Australia and Indonesia, as well as a full EASA type approval.

In order to ensure exceptional flight safety and maximum customer satisfaction, LET has always paid special attention to continuous development, product quality and after-sales product support.

All current customers are satisfied with the exceptional reliability with which the aircraft can be prepared for departure, the amazing passenger comfort and cost efficiency, and the manufacturer's ability to provide and provide full service support in a timely manner.

L 410 aircraft are used by airline and air taxi companies, as well as many government agencies around the world.

Wide oval fuselage with 17.9 m3 (632 cu ft) cabin volume provides highest level comfort for passengers in the standard small version passenger plane, and also ensures maximum versatility and application of the aircraft for a variety of other purposes and special missions. The aircraft can be produced in such versions as executive, cargo, ambulance medical care, dispensary, amphibious, photogrammetric, maritime patrol and surveillance, etc.

The L 410 aircraft is the ideal technical and best economic solution for air transportation of passengers and cargo over short distances, as well as an ideal air base for many other special missions, such as the VIP version, air ambulance, patrol and surveillance, photogrammetry, landing, etc.

The L 410 aircraft represent the ideal combination of first-class technical parameters and economic operation for the transport of passengers and goods over short and medium-long distances.

How L-410 aircraft are made in the Czech Republic helio wrote in December 4th, 2013

L-410 UVP-E20 - universal twin-engine aircraft Czech production for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. Designed for operation on unprepared dirt, grass, snow areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an aircraft in the “off-road” category. The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, the L-410 was also supplied to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, and Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and during its long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation around the world.

Production site of Aircraft Industries in Kunovice, Czech Republic.
The Aircraft Industries plant, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The company produces aircraft through a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design bureau and an airport.

L-410 fuselage parts production workshop. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing production - light green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year.
About 80% of aircraft are supplied to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.

Production of parts on a CNC milling center from the French company Creneau.

Cleaning parts before molding

Forming a part on a press

Punching press

Design documentation - interceptor drawing

Manufacturing of the wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center.
The production uses Russian duralumin produced by OJSC Kamensk-Ural Metallurgical Plant. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.

Wing panel production

Assembly of the front wing

Checking the quality of riveting on an airplane wing

One L-410 aircraft uses about 185,000 rivets of different types and sizes

Riveting work in the middle part of the fuselage

Installation of floor panels

Production of the rear fuselage

Production of engine air intake parts

Production of air intake parts for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for the Boeing 787 aircraft.

Assembly conveyor for L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610.
In one half of the building there are two production lines for new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a service workshop for aircraft coming out of service.

There are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop at the same time. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit.
At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing for delivery to customers.
Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1,150 aircraft of the L-410 family.
More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.

Finishing process luggage compartment aircraft in the nose after completing the installation of electrical equipment

Emergency exit door assembly

The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible.
The forward luggage compartment doors are open.

Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally include devices from Russian manufacturers

Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin

Installing Wiring Harnesses

Installation of electrical wires on an aircraft wing in the area of the engine nacelle

Five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with a GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant aircraft L-410 UVP-E20. It has been installed on all new aircraft since January 2013 and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR MAK.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of its own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant.
Average age The company's employees are 44 years old.

Work on the GE H-80 engine, carried out by a representative of GE Aviation Czech, Prague (former Walter plant).

The final installation stage takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of production, as within its framework, engines, landing gear and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand Euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight testing takes just under a year.

Cockpit of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft.
The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight and has an advanced Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and TCAS II. The L 410 is designed in the metric system (rather than inches), which is an exception in Western aviation.

This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation aircraft for training pilots at the Sasovo Flight School of Civil Aviation (Ryazan region).

Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarz is the chief test pilot of the plant.

Under the wing of an airplane, a view of the river. Morava and the town of Uhersky Ostrog

Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana.
Airplanes for exotic countries often have bright, memorable colors.

Leaving with a turn
Practical ceiling - 8000 meters

Approaching the runway.
The L-410 aircraft can land both on a paved runway and on grass, soil and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation “Shortened Takeoff and Landing,” which also recalls the Russian roots of the aircraft.

Castle Novy Svetlov (1480), Bojkowice.

The medieval Gothic castle Buchlov (13th century) is located 10 km from Kunowice.
Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia – the south-eastern region of the Czech Republic.

Velehrad Monastery (XIII century) is one of the main pilgrimage churches in the Czech Republic.
In 863 - 866 Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in the city of Velegrad.

A prototype of the L-610M aircraft in Staroe Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city.

The first L-410 aircraft was created in the 60s of the last century by Czechoslovak manufacturers commissioned by the USSR. It was the Soviet Union that was the main customer of this type of air transport, however, companies from other countries were also interested in this model:

Poland and Lithuania;
Bulgaria and Hungary;
Brazil.

After all, the advantages of the aircraft could be appreciated even with the naked eye:

Lightweight and maneuverable.
Ability to land on normal ground.
Sufficient load capacity and comfort.

It had exactly these characteristics new airliner. Photos of the interior of the L-410 aircraft can be viewed on our Internet resource.

Airplane L-410

The first model of the L-410 aircraft, as previously noted, was created in the late 60s. The main purpose of the new air transport is to carry out short flights. The cabin capacity had to be such that it could accommodate up to 20 people, and the plane had to serve airlines with a length of up to 650 km.

The Czechoslovakian manufacturer successfully completed the task assigned to it; the new model of the aircraft turned out to be not only reliable and unpretentious, but also multi-purpose, which, in fact, was what the customer required.

Having received a new type of air transport at their disposal, the airliner began to be used for:

passenger and freight transportation;
for transportation of correspondence;
for transporting patients;
for carrying out various scientific research.

The new model of air transport was valued not only for its maneuverability, but also for its ability to take off and land in places where there was no runway, which was extremely important when transporting patients or conducting scientific research.

The first model, called L-410, took to the skies in the late 60s, however, as the manufacturers noticed, the air transport engine was of insufficient power. Therefore, it was decided to make several changes to the production process, in particular they affected the engine. Thus, by the mid-70s, modernized L-410s with a more powerful engine were put into production, 5 of which were transferred to the Soviet Union.

The main customer was satisfied with his order and continued cooperation with the manufacturer, and the first air transport was purchased by the most famous company at that time, Aeroflot. You can see photos of the Let L-410 aircraft on the website. By the early 80s, the Soviet Union had acquired more than 100 models of L-410 aircraft, and had no intention of stopping cooperation.

The interior of the L-410 aircraft

Variety of L-410 aircraft models

The Czechoslovakian manufacturer did not stop on its achievements, constantly creating more and more advanced aircraft models. Production of the following models was launched:

L 410 UVP;
L 410 A;
L 410 AS;
L 410 M.

The L 410 UVP model was also developed at the request of a Soviet customer; the aircraft differed from its analogues in its increased wing length and fuselage, as well as its vertical tail structure. This modernization allowed the airliner to take off and land at an even shorter distance, which was the main requirement of the customer.

The demand for air transport from the Czechoslovak manufacturer, of course, subsided after the collapse of the USSR, but the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company, which 8 years ago bought out more than 50% of the shares from the first manufacturer, helped save the situation. Currently, the partners are planning to increase the production of aircraft, improve the production process, and purchase new modern equipment.

Characteristics of air transport

Technical characteristics of the L-410 aircraft:

up to 14.42 m – length of air transport;
up to 20 m – aircraft wingspan;
35 m 2 – occupies the wing area;
5.83 m – aircraft height;
4 tons – weight of empty transport;
up to 6.6 tons – maximum weight, permissible during takeoff;
750 hp on 2 – engine power;
335 km/h – maximum speed;
up to 1500 km is the flight range of air transport.

The capacity of the fuel tanks is 1680 liters, the maximum fuel supply is 1300 kg. If the plane is maximally loaded, it will be able to cover a distance of 1000 km, and for the maximum takeoff it will need only 850 meters.

There are two places for the crew, passenger seats There are 19 pieces in the cabin, the width is 1.9 meters. A photo of the L-410 aircraft will help you get acquainted with the aircraft's interior in more detail. vehicle.

Airplane L-410 in the sky

What else do you need to know?

To summarize, we can say that the L-410 airliner is a reliable, unpretentious and maneuverable type of air vehicle, which has a reduced distance for both takeoff and landing. It is convenient to operate vehicles in conditions where it is difficult to take off and land vehicles. Thanks to the sufficient safety margin that was invested by the manufacturers, the aircraft can easily land and take off from unprepared and even unpaved sites. The spacious cabin, equipped with large windows, has good sound insulation, the seats for passengers are located in the 1+2.

This model is capable of covering about 1,300 km while carrying 19 passengers., and high-quality landing gear, manufactured using a special method, allows the aircraft to land even on wet grassy ground. The airliner performed well when operating in harsh climatic conditions; the excellent traction characteristics of the engine allow the aircraft to be used both at high temperatures and at very low atmospheric pressure.

Excellent safety parameters allow you to safely transport passengers and deliver cargo intact and without damage. Throughout the history of its existence, the airliner has been constantly modernized by the manufacturer, and currently production of aircraft continues.

By joint efforts, manufacturers plan to create more advanced models in the coming years, the engines of which will have increased power, the luggage compartment area will increase, and the cockpit will be equipped with the latest equipment, including avionics.

In contact with

Let L 410 “Turbolet” is a universal nineteen-seat twin-engine aircraft for regional airlines. The aircraft with shortened takeoff and landing capabilities (UVP in the name L410 UVPE20 means the Russian abbreviation for “Short Takeoff and Landing”) was developed by the Let design bureau of the plant. Intended for use on grass, dirt, snow unprepared sites, as well as at airports with short runways. It is still produced at the Czech Let plant. Other names: Turbolet, Let, L410, Let L410, colloquial - Elka, Cheburashka.

History of production and creation

Design of the aircraft began in 1966. For the first time, an experimental aircraft equipped with a Pratt&Whitney RT6A27 (2x715 hp) theater engine passed flight tests on 04/16/1969. The regular use of L410A aircraft was first opened at the end of 1971 by the Czechoslovak aviation company Slov Air (Bratislava), which served local airlines - by the beginning of 1974 it acquired twelve aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. 5 aircraft (number 72010306 and number 720201) L410A with RT6A27 engines, built under the name L410AS by 1972, were transferred to the Soviet Union in 1973. The planes received Soviet registration numbers USSR67251 - USSR67255. The first of them was brought to the airfield by Frantisek Svinka, a Czech test pilot. The people at the airport immediately called the cute plane “Cheburashka”.

In 1973, flight tests of the L410M aircraft, equipped with Czech Walter M601A theater engines, began. The L410M became the second production variation of the Turbolet. Total until the end of 1978 for the Ministry of Civil Aviation Soviet Union One hundred L410M/MU aircraft were received.

In 1979, production of an improved modification L410UVP began, which became the main production model. This aircraft differed from previous versions by a longer fuselage, larger dimensions of the vertical tail and wing, the use of spoilers and a Walter M601B theater engine (2x730 hp). This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was taken into use by Aeroflot. A further development was the L410UVPE version with more powerful TVDM601E. The first flight of such an aircraft took place on December 30, 1984. It has improved takeoff and landing performance and reduced noise levels in the cabin. In 1986 certified in the Soviet Union. A modification of the L420 has been developed with powerful TVDM601 °F (2x778 hp), a higher take-off weight (6.8 tons) and improved flight properties (flight tests of the aircraft started in 1993).

By the beginning of 1992, 750 L410 aircraft remained in the Soviet Union.

Used in military and civilian flight schools for preliminary training of future military transport and long-range aviation pilots.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union and Comecon in the 1990s, the demand for L410 aircraft fell, and the rate of their production decreased more than tenfold (from 50 aircraft per year to two to five). The situation has improved significantly since 2008, when 51 percent of the shares of Let Kunovice (Aircraft Industries) were bought by the Russian company Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company. The production rate in 2010-2012 was eight to ten aircraft per year. They plan to increase the annual production rate to 16-18 aircraft.

In 2013, the L410 UVPE20 modification was produced, equipped with analog or digital avionics (to choose from), TCAS system, and autopilot. L410 UVPE20 has an ARMAK type certificate.

OJSC Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company acquired 49 percent of the shares of LetKunovice (Aircraft Industries) in September 2013. UMMC thus became the sole owner of Aircraft Indistries, bringing its shareholding to 100 percent.

The aerodynamic design is a turboprop twin-engine high-wing aircraft with a single-fin tail.

Specifications of L410 UVP-E20:

Length: 14.487m.

Height: 5.83m.

Wingspan: 19.478m.

Wing area: 34.86 sq.m.

Flight range: 1500km.

Maximum speed: 395 km/h.

Ceiling: 8000m.

Number of passenger seats: 19 seats.

Crew: 2 people.

Motor type: 2×TVD GEH80200

Takeoff power: 2×800hp

Propeller type: 2×AVIA AV725.

Number of blades on the propeller: 5.

Propeller diameter: 2.3m.

Empty weight: 4050 kg.

Maximum take-off weight: 6600 kg.

Fuel mass in main tanks: 1000 kg.

Weight of fuel in end tanks: 300 kg.