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I had the most tender, most passionate feelings for her... I observed a mind adorned with virtue, sincerity, philanthropy, constancy, fidelity. These qualities... forced me to trample on secular prejudice in the discussion of the nobility of the family and choose her as my wife... Shameful love was driven out of my heart by constant, sincere, tender love, which I am forever indebted to my late wife

Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev - a representative of a rich old family was born on June 28
1751 in St. Petersburg.

Parents: Sheremetevs Pyotr Borisovich and Varvara Alekseevna.

Young Nicholas grew up and was brought up together with the future Emperor Paul I and was with him
in great friendship. He is one of the few who was invited to the Grand Duke's palace for
participation in games, masquerades and amateur performances at court.

Nikolai Sheremetev in childhood.

The Count received an excellent education, played the piano and violin professionally,
cellos. He graduated from Leiden University - one of the most prestigious educational institutions of that time. He was presented to the courts of Prussia, France, and England.

Nikolai Petrovich studied theater, decorative, stage and ballet art for four years. He went down in the history of Russian culture as an outstanding theatrical
activist
In Moscow, Count Vorontsov and Prince Yusupov were famous for their home theaters, but the most
The Sheremetev Counts Theater was significant: the city theater on Nikolskaya Street and the estate theater
in Kuskovo.
Kuskovo estate. Walk through the autumn park

Meanwhile, as the younger Count Nikolai Sheremetev gained wisdom abroad,
An eight-year-old girl, Parasha Kovaleva, was taken into care on the Kuskovo estate.
She was born in 1768 in the Yaroslavl province into the family of a serf peasant blacksmith.
Ivan Gorbunov, the possessions of the princes of Cherkasy, then the Sheremetevs.
The girl showed great talent for music and singing, so they decided to take her into
students to train as performers of the serf theater. Princess Marfa Mikhailovna Dolgorukaya
gave her an excellent upbringing, she was taught noble manners, singing, playing the piano,
harpsichord, harp, as well as dramatic and performing arts, foreign languages.

In 1779, at the age of 11, Parasha made her debut in the performances of the serf theater troupe.
Here on the stage of the Kuskovo theater the young count saw a thin girl with big
black eyes and a voice of extraordinary depth, which caused him surprise and delight.
He began to pay more attention to her, developed her talent and, pleased with her debut, gave her
leading roles in new performances.
Sheremetev himself replaced the actresses' simple surnames with more euphonious ones, and this is how the Yakhontovs, Izumrudovs and Praskovya Zhemchugova appeared on the Russian stage.

The count was proud of his theater and soon decided to build a new building, the opening of which was timed to coincide with the visit of Empress Catherine II to Kuskovo on June 30, 1787.
The count's fascination with Melpomene grew into a real passion; he taught his serfs from the best musicians of the capital and Moscow.
Praskovya Zhemchugova had a beautiful lyric soprano, roles in opera performances
brought her triumphant success. At the age of 19, the Empress heard her and was amazed
with the splendor of the performance, the velvety voice of the theater prima, gave her a diamond ring
from your own hand.

In the new theater building it was planned to stage “grand” operas with the participation of dancers and a large choir, as well as ballets. “All of Moscow flocked to his performances,” and the owners of private theaters even complained to the city authorities that he was taking spectators away from them.

The Count doted on his “pearl”, did not leave her one step, and rumors had already spread about
strange affection of the count for the serf actress. The most brilliant brides were ready
to marry Count Sheremetev, but he loved only her - Praskovya Zhemchugova.

It is not only her stage talent and enchanting voice that attracts the count’s attention to her.
He writes about this best himself: For a long time I observed her properties and qualities and found a mind adorned with virtue,
sincerity, the most zealous reverence for God and love of mankind, constancy and fidelity, found in her an attachment to the holy faith.
These qualities captivated me more than her beauty, for they are stronger than all charms and are extremely rare.

In October 1788, the old Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev died. All his countless
wealth and more than two hundred thousand serfs passed to his son.
Out of grief, for several months, Nikolai Petrovich fell into continuous drunkenness and bacchanalia, everyone froze, and only one person was able to influence him to bring him to his senses -
- This is Praskovya Zhemchugova.

After this, Sheremetev moved Praskovya to a manor house, where they lived together. Bachelor habits were a thing of the past, now only she and the theater occupied his thoughts.

The whole high society was gossiping about their romance. But only behind the count’s back did everyone remember his hot temper and the fact that he never forgave insults to anyone.
When visiting the Sheremetev Theater, secular guests had to face the fact that the mistress of this house was Praskovya. The count himself took this whispering behind his back calmly, unlike his beloved.

The world realized that Sheremetev made his choice deliberately and seriously. This fact especially excited the count’s numerous relatives, who were concerned about the fate of Sheremetev’s huge inheritance. As a result, over time, the count alienated almost all of his relatives.

In the spring of 1795, the lovers move from Kuskovo, where Praskovye is very restless,
to a cozy nest, an estate near Moscow - Ostankino.
The palace was created by serf architects Count A. Mironov and P. Argunov according to the designs of Camporesi, Brenna, Starov.
On the estate, a luxurious theater was built especially for her, the entire staff of actors and musicians is moving to the new estate.

The original layout of the hall of this theater, opened in July 1795, made it possible to easily (literally within an hour) transform it into a ballroom. The Ostankino Theater is the only theater in Russia that has preserved the stage technology of the 18th century - the stage, auditorium, dressing rooms and part of the engine room mechanisms. In terms of its acoustic qualities, it is the best hall in Moscow.

photo from the internet

However, happiness never lasts long.
Praskovya became seriously ill and developed tuberculosis, as they used to say - consumption.
She lost her voice and the ability to sing, and only the count’s care helped her get back on her feet.

In 1797, Emperor Paul I granted his childhood friend, Count Sheremetev
the title of chief marshal and they had to move to St. Petersburg to the court. They settled
in the Fountain House.

The count was among those closest courtiers who dined with the emperor on the fateful last night his life - March 11, 1801 in the Mikhailovsky Castle.

The count painfully searched for ways to turn his connection into a legal one and found a lawyer who, for a lot of money, selected the necessary facts from the archives, as if his family
Praskovya Kovaleva comes from the ancient noble Polish family of Kovalevsky.
In 1798, the serf actress received her freedom, like the entire family of the blacksmith Kovalev.
The count violated the unshakable class barrier - he chose a serf as his wife,
and on November 6, 1801, a secret wedding took place in the Church of Simeon the Stylite in Moscow.
Praskovya Ivanovna becomes Countess Sheremeteva.
The emperor himself gave the count permission for such a scandalous marriage.
Only the closest and most trusted people were invited to the wedding.

Despite the desired marriage and seemingly fulfilled life, the count was not truly
happy. His serious illness, after which he draws up a will in the name of his wife in the event
his death, a secret wedding, the poor health of Praskovya Ivanovna, who was already preparing
become a mother and still did not leave the vicious circle created by secular
and courtly living conditions, it developed into a kind of tragic premonition.

In the damp climate of the capital, Praskovya’s old illness began again; she no longer thought about
than, but only dreamed of forgiveness of their sin, so that the Almighty would give them a healthy child.

Parasha gave birth to her son when she was already terminally ill.
In February 1803, when a boy was born, he was immediately taken away from his mother,
They were afraid that the baby would become infected. In painful delirium, she asked to be shown her son.
His friends brought him to the bedroom door.

The count immediately turned to Emperor Alexander with a request to recognize the legality of the heir's rights. Twenty days later Praskovya Ivanovna died...
She was buried in the Sheremetev family tomb in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Fate. Nikolai Petrovich is grieving the loss. The death of my wife, Countess Praskovya Ivanovna, struck me so much,
that I do not hope for anything else to calm my suffering spirit,
as only one benefit for the needy, and therefore, wanting to finish what was started long ago
the structure of the Hospice House, I made an assumption about the structure of it,
separating a significant part of my dependency

photo from a book about the Sukharev Tower.

The spouses were united by a common goal that overshadowed everything else - the creation of the Hospice House, a shelter for the disadvantaged, the elderly and the disabled, which had already begun to be built.
Only their marriage was short-lived; on February 23, 1803, the countess passed away, leaving the count
three-week-old baby Dmitry and “a covenant of regret for neighbors.” Her generous hand always extended to poverty and misery... everything was distributed, everything
addressed to help humanity
In memory of his wife, Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetyev wanted to create a completely unique memorial institution, against the colorful background of Russian charitable institutions and societies.
This grandiose plan is being implemented by Nikolai Petrovich’s friend - the architect, sculptor, artist Giacomo Quarenghi, an ardent admirer of Kovaleva-Zhemchugova’s acting talent.
The count spent a colossal amount of money for those times - two and a half million rubles. The building of the Hospice House is considered a masterpiece of Russian architecture, an excellent example of Russian classicism of the late 18th - 19th centuries.

Nikolai Petrovich survived his wife by only six years. He spent his last years in St. Petersburg, in the Fountain House. On January 1, 1809, Nikolai Petrovich died of pneumonia,
he did not live to see the opening of the Hospice House for only a year.
I had everything in life. Fame, wealth, luxury. But I did not find peace in any of this. Remember that life is fleeting, and only good deeds can we take with us beyond the doors of the coffin- it is said in his will.

Philanthropist and philanthropist Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev received a gold medal from the Senate for his generous and selfless assistance.
Count Nikolai Sheremetev left behind two important documents: “The Testamentary Letter” and “The Life and Burial of Countess Praskovya Ivanovna Sheremeteva” - a story for Dmitry about his mother.

The interiors of the Hospice House were brought to perfection.
The magnificent temple in the center of the building is designed in Italian style. There are three thrones in the temple:
central in honor of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity, southern - St. Nicholas the Wonderworker,
northern - St. Dmitry of Rostov (Patron Saint of the count's son).

In the dome is the main fresco by Domenico Scotti "God in Glory". The Holy Spirit in the form of a dove surrounds
angels, one angel looks like Nikolai Petrovich’s son, Dmitry. There is a picture of an angel
with a tambourine - Praskovya Ivanovna Kovaleva-Zhemchugova, his mother, Countess Sheremeteva.
The high reliefs on both sides are stunningly realistic - “King Herod Beating the Babies” and “The Resurrection of St. Lazarus.” Sculptor G. Zamaraev.

Classic simplicity of lines, elegance of finishing with sparkling gilding in combination
with a soft color scheme of walls imitating artificial marble, two-tone hall,
chandeliers and sconces sparkling with crystal pendants created a feeling of joy and celebration.

The dining room of the almshouse was striking in its beauty and elegance of decoration - white, richly decorated with gilding and stucco, with waxed floors, it had a solemn
ceremonial view.

At the liturgy, the words of the first rector of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity of the Hospice House, Father A.I., turned out to be prophetic. Otradinsky:
“And as long as the sun is darkened, as long as the world endures, the blessings of this house will remain unchangeable.”
Sheremetev's descendants did not stand aside from the holy work of mercy and strictly carried out the count's order To have vigilant supervision and guardianship of the Hospice House established by me.

In 1919, in a horseshoe-shaped building (for luck) on Sukharevskaya Square of the Hospice
The house houses the Moscow City Ambulance Station medical care, and since 1923
one of the buildings of the Research Institute of Emergency Aid named after. Sklifosovsky.

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Praskovya asked her husband for a long time to open a hospice house where homeless, poor, crippled people could receive free treatment and a roof. The couple together chose a place for construction on what was then the outskirts of Moscow, behind Zemlyanoy Val near Sukharevskaya Square. The first project of a charitable institution was developed by Bazhenov’s student, serf architect Elizvoy Nazarov. The house church in the center of the building divided it into two wings, a hospital and an almshouse. The convenient entrance for delivering patients was decorated with double columns. Sheremetev’s extensive charitable activities were glorified by the court poet Gabriel Derzhavin:

No, no, not such luxury
Today he is glorified in the world,
The tables passed like an empty dream.
Guests soon forget them:
But by doing so he gained everyone’s love,
What he gave to the poor, he covered the sick.

After the death of his wife, the inconsolable Count Sheremetev instructed his friend, the architect Giacomo Quarenghi, to rebuild the building of the Hospice House so that it would become a majestic monument to his deceased wife. The dignified but simple building of Nazarov had to be transformed into magnificent palace, which has no analogues in world architecture.

Architect Giacomo Quarenghi did not go to Moscow for construction, but sent projects, drawings and drawings by mail. His plans were embodied on the spot by Russian architects Mironov, Dikushin and Argunov, who built estates in Kuskovo and Ostankino for the Sheremetev family.

Quarenghi replaced the simple portico with a grandiose semicircular colonnade, which gave the building solemnity and sublimity, decorated the ends of the wings with six-column porticoes, and added four wings to the ensemble. The decoration of the building, its decor and interior details were made from the best and most expensive materials; in total, the count spent three million rubles on construction - a colossal amount for those times.

Nikolai Sheremetev only a few months did not live to see the opening of the Hospice House. It took place on his birthday - June 28, 1810, with a huge crowd of people. The Sheremetev family strictly carried out the will of Nikolai Petrovich, taking an active part in the fate of the house and donating huge sums for its maintenance.

Social activity

According to the spiritual will of Praskovya Sheremeteva, funds were allocated annually for dowries to “poor and orphaned girls.” Girls in need of help drew lots on February 23, the day of memory of Praskovya, and orphan brides were married in the Trinity Church of the Hospice House.

More than 200,000 people received help at home. Since the beginning of the 19th century, the Moscow branch of the Medical-Surgical Academy settled here. By the end of the century, the hospital’s ties with Moscow University were strengthened: in 1884 it became its clinical base. Leading scientists of the country V.D. Shervinsky, S.S. Zayaitsky, N.N. Savinov, S.N. Dobrokhotov and S.E. Berezovsky are introducing advanced treatment methods here.

An important stage in the history of the house was the work of the chief doctor, Alexey Terentyevich Tarasenkov. Under him, hospital care was significantly improved: outdated prescriptions for drugs were replaced, control over their purchase and prescription was established, and regular rounds and examinations of patients were established. He suggested to the then trustee of the house, Count S.D. Sheremetev to open a “coming department” - a free outpatient clinic, as well as a medical fund for issuing benefits to patients upon discharge for the first time, which was done.

During its operation, the Sheremetevskaya Hospital more than once turned into a hospital. After the Battle of Borodino, wounded soldiers and officers were brought here. On the day the French entered Moscow, the house was empty, 32 infirm and elderly people remained in the almshouse, and 11 wounded Russian officers remained in the hospital. Some employees and doctors stayed with them voluntarily. Mistaking the Hospice House for a manor house, the French began to rob it, but when they learned that it was a charitable institution, on the contrary, they posted a guard there. Many valuables were nevertheless stolen. During the fire, the Sukharevsky and Doctor's wings were damaged, only the walls remained. The house took several more years to be restored.

During the terrible cholera epidemic of 1830, no one fell ill in the Hospice House.

During the Crimean War, a sanitary detachment of doctors was assembled here. During the Russo-Japanese War, the infirmary operated on a charitable basis. Later, participants in the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 were treated. In 1919, the Moscow city emergency medical care station was organized in the Hospice House, and since 1923, one of the buildings of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky. The initiative to restore the Hospice House and return it to its former glory belonged to the surgeon Sergei Sergeevich Yudin.

Chief surgeon of the Research Institute named after. Sklifosovsky S.S. Yudin was the elder of the Trinity Church and donated the Stalin Prize for the restoration of its paintings.

In 1986, the Central Museum of Medicine opened here, which in October 1991 received the status of the Medical Museum Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

Ensemble of the Hospice House - main building, two side wings, two wings in the courtyard, a gate and a fence, a fresco by Giovanni Scotti in the dome of the church, high reliefs in the interiors of sculptors G. Zamaraev and T. Timofeev - included in the list of objects cultural heritage federal significance and included in the preliminary List world heritage UNESCO.

Trinity Church

It is assumed that among the figures in the painting of the Trinity Church there are portraits of Praskovya Sheremeteva in the form of an angel with a tambourine and her son Dmitry in the form of a cherub with a palm branch.

According to the architects, the church united all parts of the majestic building. The arrangement and measured rhythm of the columns emphasize the central part of the building under the high dome. The decoration of the temple, made of white Italian marble and green Ural stone, is not inferior to the palace premises. The central altar of the church is dedicated to the Life-Giving Trinity, the side altars are dedicated to Nicholas the Wonderworker and Demetrius of Rostov. The classical simplicity of the lines and the elegance of the decoration give the double-height church hall a feeling of joy; It was not for nothing that the church of the Hospice House was called Vertograd - the Garden of the Lord.

At the end of the 19th century, a funny incident happened. A petition was submitted to the City Council by the owner of the marine exhibition “The Giant Whale”, Wilhelm Karlovich Eglit. The owner of the real whale sought permission to hold his exhibition in different places in the city, but he was unsuccessful everywhere, since to house the giant whale it was necessary to build a temporary booth. Eglit was helped by the intercession of the Imperial Russian Society for the Acclimatization of Animals and Plants, thanks to which permission was given to place a booth in the front yard of the Hospice House. Entrance to the exhibition was paid for everyone except students of city schools. And we can say that the almshouse temporarily sheltered another “homeless person.”

• Hospice house is an outdated designation for an almshouse, a hospital-shelter for the poor and crippled. The Sheremetevskaya Hospital on Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square in Moscow is best known by this name, on the basis of which the Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Care was organized in 1923.

  Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev, one of the richest men in Russia, conceived the idea of ​​establishing an almshouse in Moscow for 100 people of both sexes and a free hospital with 50 beds in the early 1790s. For the construction of a charitable institution, a plot was allocated “in the Cherkasy vegetable gardens” near the Church of St. Xenia (1649), inherited by the count from his mother, the last princess of the Cherkassy senior line.

  The design of the Hospice House was commissioned from the Moscow architect Elizvoy Nazarov, who “assisted” with his relative Vasily Bazhenov and learned many of his architectural techniques. From the side, the building looks like a monumental noble estate with the main building recessed towards the park - the Trinity Church, above which a semicircular belvedere rises. The front yard is formed by two semicircular wings, set far to the side Garden Ring and the components in the horseshoe plan.

  Although private charitable institutions existed in Moscow for a long time (for example, the Kurakinsky almshouse), the monumental architecture and urban planning scope of Count Sheremetev’s project had no precedents. Construction was carried out from 1792 to 1807 by serf architects P. I. Argunov, A. F. Mironov, G. E. Dikushin. For the maintenance of the establishment, the count deposited 500 thousand rubles along with income from his estates in the Tver province. The Sheremetevs continued to finance the hospital until the nationalization of their estates in 1917.

  The “ceremonial half-arc of an open double colonnade” in front of the Trinity Church was designed in 1803, when the count’s beloved wife, the former serf actress Praskovya Zhemchugova, passed away. The memorial character of the project of the Hospice House was given by the master of classicism - Giacomo Quarenghi, who, as usual, finalized the drawings “remotely”, without leaving St. Petersburg.

  In its final form, the project acquired sculptural accents from both facades (front and garden), as well as a figured lattice with a central gate and corner belvederes. Marble and light green Ural stone were used to decorate the interiors. The dome of the church was painted by the artist D. Scotti. A sculptural allegory of Mercy was installed in the front colonnade.

  The statutory documents of the hospital, prepared by A.F. Malinovsky, were approved by the Highest on April 21 (May 3), 1803. The grand opening of the Hospice House took place seven years later, on June 28 (July 10), 1810. The first residents of the shelter were retired officers and elderly poor townspeople - former merchants, priests, and officials. During the Patriotic War of 1812, the building housed a hospital, first for the Russian and then for the French army.

  The main caretaker until 1826 was Alexey Fedorovich Malinovsky. Then the Moscow noble assembly elected him as his successor, Sergei Vasilyevich Sheremetev, who was not very demanding and was rarely in the house. After him, the main caretakers were: Prince Valentin Mikhailovich Shakhovskoy (in 1835-1839), Count Nikolai Alekseevich Sheremetev (in 1839-1847), Platon Stepanovich Nakhimov (in 1848-1850), Major General Lev Nikolaevich Vereshchagin (in 1851-1860).

  In Soviet times, the historical panorama was distorted by the construction directly behind the ensemble of the Hospice House of a multi-storey building of the Sklifosovsky Institute of architecture typical of the Brezhnev era. The interiors of the main building were changed, the church did not function. Despite the losses, in 1996 the Russian authorities proposed to UNESCO to include the architectural ensemble of the Sheremetev Hospital on the World Heritage List.

  Currently, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity at the Hospice House of N.P. Sheremetev (N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute) has been restored and operates in the building.

• Hospice house of Count Sheremetev They say that... . . . / Views: 23129 / Station House It all started in 1803. Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev (1751-1809), count, director of the Moscow Noble Bank, patron of the arts, philanthropist, sent a letter to Emperor Alexander I: “Guided by the immutable duties of the Christian law and following the impulses of patriotic zeal, I have long decided to establish in Moscow a hospice house for maintaining in it, at my expense, an almshouse consisting of 100 people of both sexes and all ranks, poor and disabled. And hospitals for 50 people for treatment without money, as well as for any condition of the poor.” Sheremetev did not spare money for the poor and disabled. Hospice House His beloved wife, actress and philanthropist Praskovya Kovaleva-Zhemchugova often came to Sukharevskaya Square to give alms to the poor. She remembered well her humble origins, so she always helped those in need. The Count, who passionately loved his wife, decided to build a Hospice House on Sukharevka. To realize his plans, he hired the architect Elizvoy Nazarov, himself a former serf, a student of Bazhenov and Kazakov. At first the building was built modestly. However, two years after the wedding, in 1803, Praskovya gave birth to a son for the count and died from postpartum complications. The inconsolable Sheremetev decided to perpetuate the memory of his wife in the Host House, inviting him to rebuild the future Sklif and turn it into the “Palace of Mercy” by the famous architect Giacomo Quarenghi. A hospice house behind the Sukharev Tower with 100 beds - a hospital and an almshouse - was opened on June 28, 1810. The count himself did not live to see this event. The first patients and inhabitants However, Sheremetev made sure that the almshouse did not need anything, opening an account for its maintenance and depositing hundreds of thousands of rubles there, a lot of money at that time. The first residents of the almshouse (suspected) were petty officials, retired officers, priests, and elderly townspeople. The foster home turned away almost no one. Annual sums were allocated for dowries to “poor and orphaned girls”, “to help families of all fortunes experiencing poverty”, to help impoverished artisans and the ransom of prisoners from debtor prisons, for deposits in churches, for the creation of a library with a reading room, for the burial of the poor and others. needs. Since the 1850s, the Hospice House increasingly began to be called the Sheremetev Hospital. A new stage in its development began in 1858 with the arrival of the new chief physician A. T. Tarasenkova. From an almshouse, the future Sklif increasingly turned into a real medical institution. Tarasenkov established strict control over the purchase and prescription of medications, and established regular rounds and examinations of patients. Patients were given cash benefits upon discharge. Hospital and laboratories In 1876, a free outpatient clinic was opened with the dispensing of medicines - a “coming department”. By the end of the 19th century, Sheremetyevo Hospital became one of the leading medical institutions in Moscow. The hospital began to introduce advanced methods of surgical treatment. Operating rooms with the latest equipment, the first X-ray machines, and laboratories for chemical and microscopic studies appeared. It was estimated that over the hundred years of the existence of Count Sheremetev’s Hospice House, approximately 2 million people benefited from its charity. Over 6 million rubles were spent on this. In the first years of Soviet power, the Hospital was abolished in 1918, but the hospital continued to exist, and it was still called Sheremetyevskaya. The new chief physician, Gerstein, ordered the medical institution to work around the clock, providing emergency assistance to city residents. People's Commissar of Health of the RSFSR Semashko considered the organization of publicly accessible emergency medical care for the population a priority. On July 18, 1919, the Moscow Council decided to create a Moscow ambulance station on the basis of the Sheremetyevo Hospital. In 1923, the hospital was renamed the Emergency Care Research Institute. Why Sklifosovsky “In short, Sklifosovsky,” says Yuri Nikulin’s character Dunce in Leonid Gaidai’s comedy “Prisoner of the Caucasus.” And he's not so wrong. An ambulance simply must respond quickly and clearly. The institute was named after the legend of Russian medicine Nikolai Sklifosovsky in 1923, and the former head physician of the Gerstein Hospital was appointed director. By the way, Nikolai Sklifosovsky himself has never been to the hospital named after him. But the memory of their teacher, an outstanding Russian surgeon, professor and scientist, was preserved by his students: N. I. Pirogov, E. Bergman, K. K. Reyer. They, like Sklifosovsky, continued to introduce advanced medical discoveries and developments into the practice of treating patients. And Sklif picked up this baton. Chief Surgeon Kasintsev, a student of Sklifosovsky, developed new principles for the work of doctors: daily conferences with an analysis of the results of daily work, mandatory participation of radiologists in the work, and much more. In 1930, through the efforts of the new chief surgeon Yudin, a special operating building with modern sterilization units and a department for the treatment of fractures using the traction method was opened. Soon the ambulance station, which already had a network of units throughout the city, became an independent institution subordinate to the Moscow City Health Department. War and post-war years During the Great Patriotic War, the institute received tens of thousands of wounded, but did not stop scientific work for a second. Many specialists were drafted into the active army, many scientists headed the work of the medical units of the army and navy. After the war, many independent areas arose within the field of emergency surgery. Accordingly, new divisions of the institute were opened. In 1960 - emergency surgery department. In 1967 - resuscitation and anesthesiology department. In the sixty-ninth there is a department of emergency surgery of the thoracic cavity. The USSR Ministry of Health gave the institute the official status of the leading union organization in the field of emergency surgery. In 1971, the construction of a new multi-storey clinical and surgical building, equipped with the most modern equipment, began and ten years later was completed. On this moment Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky is the leading medical institution in Moscow and Russia for the problems of emergency medical care, emergency cardiology, burns and acute poisoning. Materials for publication were provided by the Main Archive Department of Moscow.
• Since the 1850s, the Hospice House was called the Sheremetev Hospital. It was considered one of the best private hospitals in Moscow, as most medical innovations were used here. Sheremetyev's Hospice House in Moscow A Guide to Architectural Styles On July 23, 1923, the Sheremetyev Hospital was renamed the Sklifosovsky Institute of Traumatology and Emergency Care. Later it began to be called the Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. In 1971, a multi-storey clinical and surgical building was built behind the historical building of the Hospital. Now the Sklifosovsky Research Institute is known to any Muscovite, and its employees strive to make the house accessible to tourists and are working to fill the Museum of the Palace of Mercy. They say that…. . . . What can you say about Sheremetev’s hospice house? / Views: 23130 /

Since the 1850s, the Hospice House was called the Sheremetev Hospital. It was considered one of the best private hospitals in Moscow, as most medical innovations were used here.

Hospice House of Count Sheremetev

Guide to Architectural Styles

On July 23, 1923, the Sheremetev Hospital was renamed the Sklifosovsky Institute of Traumatology and Emergency Care. Later it began to be called the Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine.
In 1971, a multi-storey clinical and surgical building was built behind the historical building of the Hospital.

Now the Sklifosovsky Research Institute is known to any Muscovite, and its employees strive to make the house accessible to tourists and are working to fill the Museum of the Palace of Mercy.

They say that….
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.
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What can you say about Sheremetev’s hospice house?

Stannopriimny house

It all started in 1803. Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev (1751-1809), count, director of the Moscow Noble Bank, patron of the arts, philanthropist, sent a letter to Emperor Alexander I:

“Guided by the immutable obligations of the Christian law and following the promptings of patriotic zeal, I have long decided to establish a hospice in Moscow for the maintenance of an almshouse at my expense, consisting of 100 people of both sexes and every rank, poor and disabled. And hospitals for 50 people for treatment without money, as well as for any condition of the poor.”

Sheremetev did not spare money for the poor and disabled.

Hospice

His beloved wife, actress and philanthropist Praskovya Kovaleva-Zhemchugova often came to Sukharevskaya Square to give alms to the poor. She remembered well her humble origins, so she always helped those in need. The Count, who passionately loved his wife, decided to build a Hospice House on Sukharevka. To realize his plans, he hired the architect Elizvoy Nazarov, himself a former serf, a student of Bazhenov and Kazakov. At first the building was built modestly. However, two years after the wedding, in 1803, Praskovya gave birth to a son for the count and died from postpartum complications. The inconsolable Sheremetev decided to perpetuate the memory of his wife in the Host House, inviting him to rebuild the future Sklif and turn it into the “Palace of Mercy” by the famous architect Giacomo Quarenghi.

A hospice house behind the Sukharev Tower with 100 beds - a hospital and an almshouse - was opened on June 28, 1810. The count himself did not live to see this event.

First patients and inhabitants

However, Sheremetev made sure that the almshouse did not need anything, opening an account for its maintenance and depositing hundreds of thousands of rubles there, a lot of money at that time. The first residents of the almshouse (suspected) were petty officials, retired officers, priests, and elderly townspeople.

The foster home turned away almost no one. Annual sums were allocated for dowries to “poor and orphaned girls”, “to help families of all fortunes experiencing poverty”, to help impoverished artisans and the ransom of prisoners from debtor prisons, for deposits in churches, for the creation of a library with a reading room, for the burial of the poor and others. needs.

Since the 1850s, the Hospice House increasingly began to be called the Sheremetev Hospital. A new stage in its development began in 1858 with the arrival of the new chief physician A.T. Tarasenkova. From an almshouse, the future Sklif increasingly turned into a real medical institution. Tarasenkov established strict control over the purchase and prescription of medications, and established regular rounds and examinations of patients. Patients were given cash benefits upon discharge.

Hospital and laboratories

In 1876, a free outpatient clinic was opened to dispense medications—a “walk-in department.” By the end of the 19th century, Sheremetyevo Hospital became one of the leading medical institutions in Moscow. The hospital began to introduce advanced methods of surgical treatment. Operating rooms with the latest equipment, the first X-ray machines, and laboratories for chemical and microscopic studies appeared.

It was estimated that over the hundred years of the existence of Count Sheremetev’s Hospice House, approximately 2 million people benefited from its charity. Over 6 million rubles were spent on this.

The hospice house was abolished in 1918, but the hospital continued to exist, and it was still called Sheremetyevskaya.

The new chief physician, Gerstein, ordered the medical institution to work around the clock, providing emergency assistance to city residents. People's Commissar of Health of the RSFSR Semashko considered the organization of publicly accessible emergency medical care for the population a priority.

On July 18, 1919, the Moscow Council decided to create a Moscow ambulance station on the basis of the Sheremetyevo Hospital.

In 1923, the hospital was renamed the Emergency Care Research Institute.

Why Sklifosovsky

“In short, Sklifosovsky,” says Yuri Nikulin’s character Dunce in Leonid Gaidai’s comedy “Prisoner of the Caucasus.” And he's not so wrong. An ambulance simply must respond quickly and clearly.

The institute was named after the legend of Russian medicine Nikolai Sklifosovsky in 1923, and the former head physician of the Gerstein Hospital was appointed director. By the way, Nikolai Sklifosovsky himself has never been to the hospital named after him. But the memory of their teacher, an outstanding Russian surgeon, professor and scientist, was preserved by his students: N. I. Pirogov, E. Bergman, K. K. Reyer. They, like Sklifosovsky, continued to introduce advanced medical discoveries and developments into the practice of treating patients. And Sklif picked up this baton.

Chief Surgeon Kasintsev, a student of Sklifosovsky, developed new principles for the work of doctors: daily conferences with an analysis of the results of daily work, mandatory participation of radiologists in the work, and much more.

In 1930, through the efforts of the new chief surgeon Yudin, a special operating building with modern sterilization units and a department for the treatment of fractures using the traction method was opened.

Soon the ambulance station, which already had a network of units throughout the city, became an independent institution subordinate to the Moscow City Health Department.

War and post-war years

During the Great Patriotic War, the institute received tens of thousands of wounded, but did not stop scientific work for a second.

Many specialists were drafted into the active army, many scientists headed the work of the medical units of the army and navy.

After the war, many independent areas arose within the field of emergency surgery. Accordingly, new divisions of the institute were opened. In 1960 - emergency surgery department. In 1967 - resuscitation and anesthesiology department. In the sixty-ninth there is a department of emergency surgery of the thoracic cavity.

The USSR Ministry of Health gave the institute the official status of the leading union organization in the field of emergency surgery. In 1971, the construction of a new multi-storey clinical and surgical building, equipped with the most modern equipment, began and ten years later was completed.

At the moment, the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky is the leading medical institution in Moscow and Russia for the problems of emergency medical care, emergency cardiology, burns and acute poisoning.

Materials for publication were provided by the Main Archive Department of Moscow.

The building of Sheremetev’s hospice house began to be built according to the design of E.S. Nazarov in 1792 as a city manor estate. But after the death of Count Sheremetev’s wife, everything changed.

Sheremetev attracted Giacomo Quarenghi to the construction. The architect greatly changed Nazarov’s project and turned the building under construction into the “Palace of Mercy”: he added a semicircular rotunda of columns in the central part, decorated semicircular niches with sculptures of the four evangelists by Fontini, remodeled and richly decorated the house church of the Life-Giving Trinity with bas-reliefs and sculpture.

Nikolai Sheremetev did not live to see the completion of construction, but bequeathed a large fortune for the maintenance of the Hospice House and achieved its tax exemption.

During the War of 1812, the building of the Hospice House housed a hospital for the French and then the Russian army. Later, a hospital was set up here for those wounded in the Russian-Turkish War of 1887. The wounded from the fronts of the Russian-Japanese and the First World War were also received here.
But the activities of the Hospice House were not limited only to the walls of the almshouse and hospital. According to the will of Countess Praskovya Kovaleva-Zhemchugova, amounts were allocated annually from his capital for dowries for brides, the poor and orphans, for benefits for raising orphans and other needs. More than 200 thousand people received such assistance.

Since the 1850s, the Hospice House was called the Sheremetev Hospital. It was considered one of the best private hospitals in Moscow, as most medical innovations were used here.

Sheremetyev's hospice house in Moscow

Guide to Architectural Styles

On July 23, 1923, the Sheremetev Hospital was renamed the Sklifosovsky Institute of Traumatology and Emergency Care. Later it began to be called the Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine.
In 1971, a multi-storey clinical and surgical building was built behind the historical building of the Hospital.

Now the Sklifosovsky Research Institute is known to any Muscovite, and its employees strive to make the house accessible to tourists and are working to fill the Museum of the Palace of Mercy.

They say that….
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What can you say about Sheremetev’s hospice house?

The building of Sheremetev’s hospice house began to be built according to the design of E.S. Nazarov in 1792 as a city manor estate.

Hospice house of Count N.P. Sheremetev.

But after the death of Count Sheremetev’s wife, everything changed.

Sheremetev attracted Giacomo Quarenghi to the construction. The architect greatly changed Nazarov’s project and turned the building under construction into the “Palace of Mercy”: he added a semicircular rotunda of columns in the central part, decorated semicircular niches with sculptures of the four evangelists by Fontini, remodeled and richly decorated the house church of the Life-Giving Trinity with bas-reliefs and sculpture.

Nikolai Sheremetev did not live to see the completion of construction, but bequeathed a large fortune for the maintenance of the Hospice House and achieved its tax exemption.

During the War of 1812, the building of the Hospice House housed a hospital for the French and then the Russian army. Later, a hospital was set up here for those wounded in the Russian-Turkish War of 1887. The wounded from the fronts of the Russian-Japanese and the First World War were also received here.
But the activities of the Hospice House were not limited only to the walls of the almshouse and hospital. According to the will of Countess Praskovya Kovaleva-Zhemchugova, amounts were allocated annually from his capital for dowries for brides, the poor and orphans, for benefits for raising orphans and other needs. More than 200 thousand people received such assistance.

Since the 1850s, the Hospice House was called the Sheremetev Hospital. It was considered one of the best private hospitals in Moscow, as most medical innovations were used here.

Guide to Architectural Styles

On July 23, 1923, the Sheremetev Hospital was renamed the Sklifosovsky Institute of Traumatology and Emergency Care. Later it began to be called the Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine.
In 1971, a multi-storey clinical and surgical building was built behind the historical building of the Hospital.

Now the Sklifosovsky Research Institute is known to any Muscovite, and its employees strive to make the house accessible to tourists and are working to fill the Museum of the Palace of Mercy.

They say that….
.
.
.

What can you say about Sheremetev’s hospice house?

The building of Sheremetev’s hospice house began to be built according to the design of E.S. Nazarov in 1792 as a city manor estate. But after the death of Count Sheremetev’s wife, everything changed.

Sheremetev attracted Giacomo Quarenghi to the construction. The architect greatly changed Nazarov’s project and turned the building under construction into the “Palace of Mercy”: he added a semicircular rotunda of columns in the central part, decorated semicircular niches with sculptures of the four evangelists by Fontini, remodeled and richly decorated the house church of the Life-Giving Trinity with bas-reliefs and sculpture.

Nikolai Sheremetev did not live to see the completion of construction, but bequeathed a large fortune for the maintenance of the Hospice House and achieved its tax exemption.

During the War of 1812, the building of the Hospice House housed a hospital for the French and then the Russian army. Later, a hospital was set up here for those wounded in the Russian-Turkish War of 1887. The wounded from the fronts of the Russian-Japanese and the First World War were also received here.
But the activities of the Hospice House were not limited only to the walls of the almshouse and hospital. According to the will of Countess Praskovya Kovaleva-Zhemchugova, amounts were allocated annually from his capital for dowries for brides, the poor and orphans, for benefits for raising orphans and other needs. More than 200 thousand people received such assistance.

Since the 1850s, the Hospice House was called the Sheremetev Hospital.

It was considered one of the best private hospitals in Moscow, as most medical innovations were used here.

Guide to Architectural Styles

On July 23, 1923, the Sheremetev Hospital was renamed the Sklifosovsky Institute of Traumatology and Emergency Care. Later it began to be called the Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine.
In 1971, a multi-storey clinical and surgical building was built behind the historical building of the Hospital.

Now the Sklifosovsky Research Institute is known to any Muscovite, and its employees strive to make the house accessible to tourists and are working to fill the Museum of the Palace of Mercy.

They say that….
.
.
.

What can you say about Sheremetev’s hospice house?

Kazansky railway station is the starting point for ambulances, passengers, and commuter trains(trains) that travel in the east, southeast and south.

The train schedule for the Kazan direction is extremely extensive. Trains long distance depart from the Kazan station to many large Russian cities: Novorossiysk, Naberezhnye Chelny, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Adler, Kislovodsk, Ryazan, Yeisk, Severobaikalsk, Barnaul, Novokuznetsk, Samara, Yekaterinburg, Tolyatti, Penza, Petropavlovsk, Magnitogorsk, Orenburg, Petropavlovsk , Rostov and other cities. Connect the capital of Russia with Dagestan (Makhachkala), Chechen Republic(Grozny), Tatarstan (Kazan), Buryatia (Ulan-Ude), the Republic of Bashkortostan (Ufa) and other constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Also, trains departing from the Kazan station run to countries neighboring the Russian Federation: Kazakhstan (Astana and Karaganda), Tajikistan (Dushanbe), Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek), Uzbekistan (Tashkent).

Suburban trains run to stations in nearby cities in the Moscow region. Once at the Kazansky station, the schedule of commuter trains can be viewed right next to the ticket office. Among all suburban trains there are 50 high speed trains"Sputnik", they travel to the cities of Lyubertsy and Ramenskoye. Another popular regional route is flights to Shatura, a large industrial city near Moscow. Return trains also arrive at the Kazansky station, the Shatura - Moscow schedule is convenient for passengers.

Kazansky railway station is one of the largest railway stations in Europe, and one of nine railway stations in Moscow, which is the busiest of them in terms of passenger traffic (1,500 people per hour). In recent years, the station has been operating at capacity. If your trip starts from the Kazansky railway station, it is better to arrive at the station a little early so as not to get caught in a traffic jam of passengers boarding trains heading to the neighboring countries of the south-east. You can find out more information about the schedule of these trains in the Russian Railways train schedule Kazansky Station.

Kazansky railway station is located at the Komsomolskaya metro station. This is the only one of all Moscow stations that has access to the city from the metro through its platform, and this route is optimal and safest, and leads to Novoryazanskaya Street and to trolleybuses 22 and 25k. The modern building of the Kazan railway station is an outstanding work of Russian architecture. But it wasn't always like this. Until 1894, the station was called Ryazansky, and the first temporary station was wooden. But from 1862 to 1864, according to the design of the architect M.Yu. Levesta, the station was built of stone. A reminder of that project is the one-story openwork roundhouse building, which is made in the Italian style.

The construction of the Kazansky railway station building, which we now see, began in 1913 according to the design of the architect A.V. Shchusev in the neo-Russian style, and ended in 1940. In the 50s of the 20th century, an underground hall for commuter trains was built, which was connected to the Komsomolskaya metro station.

Moscow and the Kazansky station gradually grew, and the train schedule became more dense. The large-scale reconstruction of the station building, which began in 1970, made it possible to increase the throughput of the terminals. The reconstruction was completed in 1997, on the occasion of the 850th anniversary of Moscow. New buildings were built on Novoryazanskaya Street and Ryazansky Proezd, designed in the general style of the Kazan Station. Thus interior spaces The station was redesigned and expanded, roofs were built over the platforms, and the building was equipped with modern technical equipment.

Kazansky railway station infrastructure, services

Passengers at the Kazansky station are provided with a whole range of paid and free services. These are services for booking, issuing, delivering tickets to your home or office, as well as services for staying at the station. There is a regular waiting room or increased comfort, hall for official delegations, mother and child room.

At the Kazansky station you can use the services of a porter. Stationary storage rooms allow you to leave your luggage for a while. Also at the station there is a storage room for forgotten things, and provides such types of services as information and reference services, announcements over the public address system, transfer to the airport or another Train Station, as well as meeting, seeing off or delivering luggage, ordering an excursion.

When equipping the Kazan station, the interests of people with disabilities were taken into account. Exits to the transverse platform are specially equipped with ramps for them, there are wheelchairs in the first-aid post, and designated specialized places for invalids.

Kazansky Station ticket office opening hours: around the clock.

It is not necessary to go to Kazansky railway station; train schedules can be found directly on our website. For example, find all train options to Ryazan (Kazansky station Moscow - Ryazan timetable).

You can order train tickets directly on our website. If you are planning a trip through Kazansky Station, the online schedule will tell you any routes. Study the train schedule of the Kazansky station (departure), the train schedule of the Kazansky station (arrival) and order a ticket for the desired train in any way convenient for you.