Tourism of Ireland. Characteristics of the country's tourism industry Official language of Ireland

24.11.2021

The Republic of Ireland is a picturesque green island in the north of Europe. It is located in the Atlantic Ocean adjacent to Great Britain, from which Ireland is separated by two straits - North and St. George. The Irish coastline is an alternation of bays, peninsulas and islets, mountains and lowlands, while the central part of the island is occupied by flat terrain with some small uplands.

The area of the country is 70.2 thousand km². In the north, it borders on Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The capital of Ireland, Dublin, is the main cultural, administrative and industrial center of the country. Largest cities: Cork and Dublin.

Ireland is part of the European Union and the Eurozone.

Time

Ireland is in the UTC + 0 time zone, so local time lags behind Moscow time by 3 hours in summer and 4 hours in winter. Together with most European countries, Ireland is switching to daylight saving time: 1 hour forward on the last Sunday in March and back on the last Sunday in October.

In summer, the sun rises at 06:00 and sets at 21:30. In winter, the sun rises at 08:00 and sets at 17:00.

Climate

Foggy Albion is better known abroad than its Irish neighbor, but fundamentally they are no different - the same dull temper due to the cloudy sky and rainy weather. Moreover, in the west of the country, precipitation falls almost twice per year.

The temperate oceanic climate makes the weather conditions in Ireland changeable throughout the day. Winter in Ireland is quite mild, but summer is not much warmer: the air temperature on the southern coast warms up to only + 16-20 ° С. In winter, the temperature is around + 5-8 ° C.

Planning a vacation in Ireland is best for the summer, when there is less rain and the untouched nature is in full bloom.

Population

The population of Ireland is about 3.9 million people, of which more than 1 million live in the capital Dublin. 88.6% are Irish of the Celtic ethnic group. The rest of the population is represented by immigrants from Scotland, England, Asia and Africa.

Device

Ireland is a parliamentary republic led by a president.

There are 26 counties in the country: Cavan, Donegal, Monaghan, Carlow, Dublin (with the capital of the same name in it), Kildare, Kilkenny, Layish, Longford, Louth, Meath, Offaly, West Meath, Wicklow, Wexford, Kerry, Claire, Cork, Limerick, Tepperery, Waterford, Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon and Sligo.

Language

The official languages of the country are Irish and English. About 20% of Irish residents speak French. And for the tourism sector, two international languages are quite enough.

English-speaking tourists will not need phrase-books, since more than 90% of the population speaks English as their native language, the rest just very well. Irish is much less common, but the authorities are painstakingly working towards a complete replacement of English with Irish.

Money

Ireland is part of the eurozone, therefore the euro is recognized as the national currency here. National symbols are used in the design of the coins, which distinguishes them from the monetary units of other EU member states.

It is most profitable to change money in banks (there is the most attractive rate), it is also possible in travel agencies, hotels, exchange offices, you can withdraw euros from an ATM from a plastic card. They change both cash and Euro checks.

Customs

Any amount of foreign currency can be imported into Ireland, it must be declared regardless of the amount. You can take out no more than indicated in the entry declaration.

Information on duty-free import of popular goods (subject to payment of the necessary duties in the EU countries):

Tobacco products: 800 cigarettes;

Alcohol: 25 liters of wine, 50 liters of beer;

Perfumery: 50 ml of perfume, 250 ml of eau de toilette.

Personal items up to € 175 are also imported duty-free.

Visa

Ireland is not part of the Schengen area, so you cannot enter a country with a Schengen visa from another state. To cross the Irish border, you need a passport and a national visa, which can be obtained from the Irish Embassy. After submitting the documents, the request is considered within 30 days.

The list of documents provided includes:

International passport,

Official invitation,

Extract from the place of work,

3 photos,

Check of payment of consular stamp duty.

The questionnaires are filled in only in English.

An Irish visa is only valid for the Republic of Ireland and cannot be used to enter Northern Ireland (part of the United Kingdom or Great Britain).

Comprehensive information on the required documents and conditions for obtaining an Irish visa can be obtained on the website of the Irish Embassy in Moscow: http://www.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=87487

Health care

Medical services are at a very high level, but with corresponding prices - they are much higher than the European average.

Health insurance is not required to issue a visa, but visa officers can still insist on getting it. In addition, insurance will allow you to minimize hospitalization costs, which makes your vacation in the country safer.

For assistance, you must go to hospitals. A visit to the doctor is carried out by appointment, where the time and place of arrival will be appointed.

For residents of the UK and citizens of the rest of the European Union, medical services are provided on special conditions.

Rules of behavior

Patriotism is a national trait of the Irish, brought up by long centuries of not too happy relations with England. The Irish people treat their traditions with reverence and with due attention; in recent years, the Irish language has been actively promoted.

In dealing with foreigners, the Irish are quite careful, but polite and always ready to help. Many Irish people are not indifferent to equestrian sports, horse racing, they can discuss horses for a long time and with pleasure, this is an excellent topic of conversation. Not to mention Northern Ireland and Great Britain.

Ireland has a ban on smoking in restaurants, hotels, pubs, game rooms and cinemas.

When visiting high-end restaurants, cafes and pubs, it is not necessary to leave a tip as it is included in the service price. In other cases, it is customary to leave a tip in the amount of 10-12% of the order amount.

Most of the country's inhabitants are Christians, although this is not conspicuous in the tourism sector. There are usually no restrictions on clothing, but in conversations it is better to avoid topics of other religions, atheism, abortion, and in general anything that does not fit into the circle of interests of a righteous Christian.

sights

Wonderful nature - emerald fields, meadows and mysterious forests - combined with medieval castles, ancient cathedrals and fortresses, enchant with their splendor and beauty. Walking in the clear air along the Irish Hills will allow you to admire the natural scenery and contemplate the skyline sunsets. It is here that you can experience the feeling of timelessness. There is no mass tourism in Ireland, but this is good - there are no crowds of tourists that create a characteristic background noise and prevent you from enjoying the pristine nature and ancient cultural monuments.

Due to the favorable climate, Ireland has an amazing combination of northern and southern vegetation. The coast of the island is indented by fjords and abounds in many picturesque bays. Transparent lakes and fast-flowing rivers teeming with trout and salmon are of great value for lovers of active tourism and recreation. Spacious courses will delight golf lovers with an excellent game.

Dublin, the oldest capital in northern Europe, immediately mesmerizes with its amazing 18th century architecture, wide streets, squares and magnificent mansions. The city breathes freely thanks to its many boulevards and squares. Fascinating and informative excursions will allow you to feel the life and customs of the Irish people.

Every serious travel guide will give you information on Irish landmarks such as St Anne's Cathedral, Ayluia Caves, Adir Village, Bowyle Abbey, Blairney Castle, Fort Don Iinis, St Patrick's Cathedral, Museum of Heraldry, Dublin Cathedral, King John Castle, Stone, Gardens Poorscourt, Kerry Cruise Loop, Gline Castle, Slonmachois Monastery, Mountusher Gardens, Mount Scrabaugh, Westport Mansion, Terrace Giants, Carrike-a-Reed Ropeybridge, Cashel Cliff, Fort Graynan Eilich, the Marble Arbutt Caves and Burial Arbor.

Holidays

Most of the holidays are associated with cultural events, religion and the history of the state. It is quite interesting to observe how the local population celebrates them. Each event is celebrated in its own way, each holiday has its own rules and customs. Cultural tourism in this country is a continuous holiday!

In Ireland, Christian and pagan holidays are celebrated, there are a lot of festivals and fairs, here are just a few of them. The Jazz Festival in February, the Early Music Festival in May, the Arts Festival in July, and the Oyster Festival in September, all in County Galway. In June, it is worth looking into County Kerry, where the Authors Week Literary Festival is held, and in parallel there is a beauty pageant in Tralee. In September, you can visit the Belfast Folk Music Festival and the Cork Film Festival; in October, the Irish Gourmet Festival and Jazz Festival are held in Cork, and the Theater Festival in Dublin. November - Wexford Opera Festival. Horse races are held all year round, in this small country there are 25 racetracks, and whenever a tourist comes to Ireland on vacation, he can always see this spectacle with his own eyes.

Brief information about public holidays and weekends in Ireland:

last Friday before Easter - Holy Friday

first Monday in May - Easter Monday

first Monday in June - June holiday

first Monday in August - August holiday

last Monday in October - October holiday

Traditional cuisine

Irish cuisine is renowned for its talented use of potatoes, vegetables, meat and salted cod. Seafood - crabs, oysters, mussels and fish - add an exquisite taste to national dishes. The trademark and face of the national cuisine are pot roasts and stews, which are definitely worth trying, no matter how short your vacation in Ireland is.

For dessert, Irish coffee, apple pie, potato cookies and delicious raisin muffins are worth a try.

Fans of strong drinks simply have to try the famous Irish whiskey, which tastes better than other brands of this drink in the world. And, undoubtedly, the brewing traditions are represented by the legendary Guinness brand.

Airports

International air traffic centers:

Dublin Airport is an airport in the capital of Ireland.

For lovers of privacy and harmony with nature Ireland tourism can be a real find: the wild expanses of County Donegal, the rebellious waves of the Atlantic, the northern loneliness of Connemara and the unsurpassed beauty of Glendalough are just a small part of what can delight travelers.

Connoisseurs of art of all directions will not be disappointed either - Ireland famous for Dublin theatrical performances and conceptual rock festivals in Limerick. The hospitable attitude of local residents to tourists will pleasantly surprise - guests here will be helped in everything and will try to make their rest as comfortable as possible. This is the national credo of the Irish people - they are happy that everyone around them is happy, and from this tourism in this country is becoming more and more attractive.

Resorts of Ireland

The largest tourism center in Ireland is, of course, the capital - the city of Dublin. Here you will find the largest museums and theaters, historical and architectural monuments. But resorts of Ireland- this is not only a vacation in large historical centers, but also a vacation for lovers of unique nature - rocky bays and endless plains, green meadows and the highest snow slopes, all this awaits travelers here.

Lovers of antiquity will delight sights of Ireland- visiting ancient castles and cathedrals, there is a huge variety here. For thrill-seekers, there is also something to do, such as the ghost bus ride or the Bram Stoker Museum. In this city everyone will find something to their liking.

Other resort towns in this country are no less popular: picturesque Limerick with its many attractions and excellent shopping opportunities, Cork city with the famous ATC summer camp, the charming town of Killarney with its picturesque natural lakes, Waterford town on the roar of Staff, with its medieval charm, the vibrant settlement of Galway delights absolutely every tourist.

The most popular places for lovers of this type of recreation are the Clare Islands, the deserted Beginish for true naturalists, Skellig Michael and the Aran Islands will be a real boon for lovers of antiquity.

Ireland ski resorts

This country does not belong to the centers of ski tourism, since in fact ski resorts in Ireland - it is just an artificial ski center in Kilternan.

Ireland Tours

The cost of the tour depends on many factors, not only on the resort, but also on the hotel, the type of food, the included program and much more. Tours to the capital Dublin are more respectable, and tours to Killarney are considered a more economical option, but at the same time they will delight tourists with no less quality rest.

Tours to Ireland attractive to tourists due to the wide range of opportunities for excellent recreation. Tourism is developed here in several directions at once - primarily excursion, as well as beach, health and ecotourism. Tours in Ireland can be perfectly combined with visiting England and Scotland.

Holidays in Ireland

A trip to this country will be especially pleasant thanks to comfortable hotels, the highest service, delicious Irish cuisine. Holidays in Ireland- this is a vacation in one of the few places on our vast planet, where its air and water remained clean. The most popular holiday destinations in Ireland remain unrivaled Dublin and County Galway.

Ireland beaches

Despite the predominance of the excursion type of recreation in this country, the Irish themselves are very fond of local beaches and even say that the beach lifestyle is in their blood. Ireland beaches are divided into two types - urban near Belfast and Dublin and in the small rocky bays of Antrim Coast and western Cork, where the beaches are very clean and almost deserted.

Locals and tourists alike flock to the beach almost all year round to do active sports, swim or just relax. Also some of the most popular beaches include the sandy expanses on the edge of County Donegal, such as Ballymastoker, Rosnoulah and Mahara Raurty or Kells in Cairciven, County Galway, County Kerry, Dogs Bay in Connemara, and Ballycastle and Portrush, in County Antrim.

Ireland Accommodation

It is better to think about booking a hotel in advance, because a tour to Ireland requires a visa. Ireland Accommodation classified according to the international hotel service rating system, according to which all hotels in the country are checked every year by the Irish Hotel Federation. Moreover, not only classic hotels, but also guest houses have a "star" classification.

One of the most common affordable and affordable tourist accommodation options in Ireland, Bed & Breakfast family hotels are small, private boarding houses that can be found literally throughout the country. Here guests will find home comfort and home cooking, sometimes you can find a buffet.

For romantics, it is possible to stay overnight even in medieval castles, famous lighthouses, estates with authentic interiors and an old-fashioned Irish atmosphere. This type of accommodation will not be cheap, but along with the spirit of antiquity, modern service will also be provided.

FEDERAL EDUCATION AGENCY

RUSSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SERVICE

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SERVICE AND TOURISM

COURSE WORK

CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN IRELAND

Work completed:

2nd year student of full-time education

E.V. Naumenko

Supervisor:

Doctor of Geology, Professor Fedorov G.M.

Kaliningrad

INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………… ... 3

1 NATURAL CONDITIONS, GEOGRAPHY ………………………………… ... 4

1.1 Geographical location. ……………………………………………… 4

1.2 Climate. …………………………………………………………………….. .5

1.3 Natural attractions. ……………………………………...5

2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND POLITICAL STRUCTURE ………………………………………………………………… ... 6

2.1 Political structure. ………………………………………………… .6

2.2 Industry. ………………………………………………………… .. 6

2.3 Facilities. ……………………………………………………………… .. .7

2.4 Standard of living. …………………………………………………………… .... 7

2.5 Currency and Language. …………………………………………………………….....eight

3 HISTORICAL - CULTURAL POTENTIAL AND TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE ………………………………………………………………………… ... 9

3.1 History. ……………………………………………………………………....nine

3.2 Culture and traditions. ……………………………………………………....13

3.3 Tourism infrastructure. Accommodation facilities and facilities. ……………twenty

3.4 Transport. …………………………………………………………………...twenty

3.5 Food facilities. ………………………………………………………… ... 22

3.6 Types of tourism. …………………………………………………………… ..... 22

CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………… ..27

LIST OF USED SOURCES ………………………… ..... 29

APPENDIX ………………………………………………………… ..… 30

Introduction.

Today in our country and, in particular, in the Kaliningrad region, the society has an increased interest in recreation abroad. This is due to the development of the economy and the rise in the standard of living of the population. Most often, people choose to travel to Poland, France, Italy, England. But for some reason, our travel companies ignore such a country as Ireland and practically do not develop programs for visiting this country. While it is quite popular among tourists in European countries for its "turbulent" history, in its own way charming nature and an abundance of historical sights.

The aim of the work is to ask: “What is Ireland and what do we know about it? », As well as the conditions and factors for the development of tourism in Ireland. The objectives of the research are as follows: study of the natural conditions and geographic location of the country, climate, socio-economic and political structure, historical and cultural potential and tourism infrastructure.

Before choosing a topic, I also knew little about the country. Only that it is an island - a saucer, inhabited by descendants of the Celts with its tragic history associated with wars over religions and territories. In order to find out the history of Ireland and all sorts of interesting factors, I used various sources from the Internet and travel magazines.

As it turns out, Ireland is a very quiet country. Life there flows along a calm and well-oiled channel. One can feel thoroughness and accuracy in everything.

1 Natural conditions, geography.

1.1 Geographical location.

Ireland is a state located in the west of Europe and is located on most of the island of Ireland. In the north, it borders on Northern Ireland, which is part of the UK. From the east, the country is washed by the Irish Sea, and from the other sides - by the Atlantic Ocean.

The length of the border with Great Britain is 360 km, the length of the coastline is 1,448 km. The total area of the country is 70,284 km 2 (land area - 68,890 km 2).

In the central part of the country there is a low-lying plain. At its base there are limestones and red sandstones, covered by thick glacial deposits (up to 60 m). The plain is surrounded by hills and low mountains: the Kerry Mountains - Carantuill Peak, 1,041 m) in the southwest, the Wicklow Mountains in the west, where karst is widely developed, the Donegal Mountains in the north, in the northeast there is a plateau (Antrim) and lowlands, based tertiary outpourings of basalts. Ireland has a dense deep river network (the Shannon River is the main one) and abundant lakes (Lough Rea, Lough Derg, Lough Corrib). Main natural resources: natural gas, zinc, barite, lead, oil, copper, gypsum, peat, silver. Arable land occupies 14% of the country's territory, meadows and pastures - 71%. Broad-leaved oak forests were exterminated already in the middle of the century and now occupy only about 1.5% of the country's territory, having survived only in a few regions, mainly mountainous. There are many artificial conifers. In the southwest, there are relict subtropical plants, such as the strawberry tree.

The fauna is distinguished by relative poverty, even by the complete absence of some animal species, for example, snakes. In the seas washing Ireland, there are herring, cod, mackerel, flounder, sardines.

1.2 Climate.

Ireland is often referred to as the "Emerald Isle". Here meadows and groves turn green all year round, thanks to the warm and humid climate. Warmth and moisture are brought by cyclones passing over the warm North Atlantic Current, which washes the western shores of Ireland. Drizzling rains and thick fogs are frequent here. On average, up to 1200 mm of precipitation falls annually. The most abundant recorded in Sperina and Antrim, where the annual rainfall reaches 1,600 mm per year. In the East, closer to the coast, as well as to the southern and eastern shores of Lough Ney, the amount of precipitation does not exceed 800 mm per year. Overall, Ireland is a little cloudier than England. This is due to the hilly landscape and proximity to the Atlantic. Winter is warm, January temperature is from + 5 to + 8 ° С, snow rarely falls. Summers are cool, rainy, the average July temperature is + 15.1 ° C. Spring is cold, long, and late autumn, warm.

Average monthly temperatures in Dublin

Table 1

1.3 Natural attractions.

An impressive natural landmark of Ireland - "Cliffs" - these are sheer cliffs of almost two hundred meters in height on the Atlantic coast of the country.

In addition: Rock of Cashel - Revered by the Irish as magical, surrounded by picturesque meadows, one of the finest examples of the true Irish landscape.

Another interesting place is Connemara, rich in mountains and lakes that make an indelible impression. Here are some of the places where the Old Irish is still spoken.

In the south of the island lies Barren, a vast, gloomy limestone plateau that occupies most of Clark County. Perhaps this plateau will soon become a National Park.

The Cliff of Moher is seven hundred meters high.

2 Socio-economic conditions and political structure.

2.1 Political structure.

The full name of the country is the Republic of Ireland. The political system is a parliamentary republic. The country consists of 26 counties. The capital is Dublin. Ireland received independence on December 6, 1921 from Great Britain. National holiday - March 17 - St. Patrick's Day. Executive power belongs to the president (head of state) and the government headed by the prime minister. The bicameral parliament consists of the Senate (upper house) and the House of Representatives (Doyle) - the lower house. Most influential political parties: Labor Party (LP), Fianna Foyle (ff - Soldiers of Fortune), Progressive Democratic Party (PPD), Finne gal (FG - united Ireland), Democratic Left Party.

2.2 Industry.

In the country's economy, two sectors are adjacent - a large foreign, mainly technological advanced industries (mechanical engineering, electronics, chemical industry), and a local, covering traditional industries (food, forestry, textile, light industry).

Industry in Ireland is mainly associated with the processing of local agricultural products. In the first place is the production of beer, porter, whiskey, dairy and meat products, tobacco, sugar, flour. The second is the textile and clothing industry (tweed fabric, wool, blankets). There are enterprises for the production of mineral fertilizers, the assembly of cars and tractors, the production of building materials, and printing enterprises.

In Ireland, coal (more than 200 thousand tons per year) and peat (about 2 million tons per year) are mined.

2.3 Facilities.

Ireland is an industrial and agricultural country. The dominant position in agricultural production is occupied by large cattle-farmers.

The main branch of agriculture is livestock - breeding of Irish cattle.

Crop production largely serves the needs of animal husbandry. Agriculture plays a small role in the economy and does not meet the country's grain needs.

Land use

table 2

Also, in Ireland they are engaged in fishing. Salmon, trout, eel are caught from freshwater; from the sea - herring, cod and mackerel.

2.4 Standard of living.

The standard of living depends on many factors: income level, family well-being, medical care, social freedoms, gender equality, climate and many others.

Page 1

As stated earlier, tourism revenue in Ireland is 1 billion Irish pounds.

We can say that in Ireland they know how to use the resources given by nature and created by people. All opportunities for attracting tourists are used. Roads - autotourism, cycling, horse-drawn transport. Railway network - travel by train. The country's stunning landscape is hiking. Rich water resources - all kinds of fishing, water travel. Archaeological and architectural monuments - educational tourism. This list is quite long and it is not possible to give it completely.

The situation with tourism in Ireland is such that it is enough for a tourist to have only money, a guidebook and documents with him. The friendliness of local residents, who understand the importance of tourism, a developed network of accommodation, food and transportation will do the rest for it. This indicator (whether a traveler can visit the country on his own, without the help of a tour operator) is the best way to characterize the level of tourism development in Ireland.

According to Bord Failte (Tourism Board of Ireland), leading Western tour operators are expanding their presence in the Irish market. If earlier the leadership in sales of tour packages belonged to sea and air carriers, today their positions are being squeezed out by operators specializing in organizing city excursion tours.

Gresta Holidays is considered one of the leading operators selling inclusive tours. Last year she carried 30 thousand passengers, and this year she intends to surpass the 40-thousand mark.

According to Jane Williams, the company's marketing manager, Dublin has become the third most visited capital in Europe after Paris and Amsterdam. Gresta Holidays offers its clients accommodation in 25 Dublin hotels.

Tour operator Travelscene has released its new Cities and Drivetime brochures highlighting Ireland. The number of hotels he sold increased from nine to seventeen. Time Off has significantly expanded its reception options in Dublin and also offers programs outside of Dublin.

Self-Guided Tours in Ireland remain very popular, says Ashley Woods, Irish Selection Program Manager.

Aer Lingus offers tourists summer programs in partnership with Drive Ireland, a renowned travel operator in Ireland.

Ferry companies Stena Line and Iris Ferries sell tour packages with transport in Dublin, as well as in the southwest and southeast of the country. Iris Ferries launched the Golf in Ireland brochure this year. Another new program this year is bike safaris. Its organizers intend to take advantage of the interest in the stage of the Tour de France, which will take place on the roads of Ireland in July. The weekly bike tour starts at £ 319 including bike rental.

Grystal focuses on the sale of holiday villas and ancient castles. SeaCat offers boat trips and Blakes offers Irish canal tours.

Over the past 10 years, an investment of 1.5 billion Irish pounds has been invested in the construction of new and modernization of existing hotels in Ireland. Large funds are also being invested in other tourist attractions - parks, golf courses, water parks, etc. A special brochure, Update Ireland, prepared by the Irish Tourism Board, is devoted to the description of new attractions.