Tatars in Finland dating. Russians are Finns

For many years now, the non-believing Thomases have not wanted to admit that the Great Russian ethnos is basically Finno-Ugric, having absorbed the disappeared (?) chronicles of Merya, Murom, Meshchera, the whole (modern Vepsians are a small remnant of the great weight), Chud Zavolochskaya, part of the Karelians, Vodi, Izhorians, Komi, Udmurts. Mari, Erzyan and Moksha. And the process of transition of the Russian Finno-Ugrians to the “Russian” state is still ongoing: having abandoned the faith of their ancestors and their language, switching to the Russian language and Orthodoxy, the Finno-Ugric peoples are becoming Russian... But you can’t fool genetics!

This is what Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor of Moscow State University, Director of the Institute of General Genetics named after. N.I. Vavilov RAS Nikolai Kazimirovich Yankovsky, watch about 35-37 minutes of the lecture) based on the results of ethnogenetic research that was carried out more than 10 years ago (we studied the gene pool of Russians, Mari and Tatars).

Here is the transcript of the corresponding fragment of the video lecture:

(About the Tatars in Tatarstan) “Who lived here before the language became Turkic in this territory? Finnish tribes lived here. It is clear that the ancestors of the Tatars were massively people speaking a different language, a change of language occurred. This also applies to Russians , after all, the ancestors of the Russians - the Slavs - came here from the Carpathians, and local tribes of Finns lived here - Finnish-speaking. Now we speak the language of the Slavic group, but does this mean that we have a large part of Slavic genes? It does not mean! Language can change. Genetics you can't change, but the language can change. And what proportion of our genes is Finnish - large or small - it depends on where those people who call themselves Russians look. They all speak Russian, but in some regions the proportion There are undoubtedly more Finnish genes than the share of Slavic genes."

Then the scientist talks about variants of genetic texts and shows that Croats are closer to Italians than to Russians, "and the distance from Russians to Estonians is less than from Russians to Croats." Territorial proximity turns out to be more correlated with the proximity of peoples than cultural proximity... Genetically, we are more united with our geographic neighbors, although language and culture can change.”

Everything seems clear. The director of the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences clearly stated that Russians are further from their Slavic “brothers” and close to their neighbors - Estonians, Finns, Mari, Komi... And the Kazan Tatars and Chuvash are also Finno-Ugrians at their core. And the newcomers... How many of them came? Theories about the migration of thousands of people are nothing more than fairy tales. Yes, princes came from Rus', they had squads with them - sometimes 100 swords, sometimes, at most, a thousand or two. This is if we take the sparsely populated East European Plain. Another thing is that they seized power, imposed a new language, faith, money, and then the general name of the captured territory...

What is surprising is how stubbornly many people do not want to give up the dogmas imposed in the 19th-20th centuries. Those dogmas appeared on the basis of the “state order” of the authorities - tsarist and Soviet, when it was necessary to justify the progressive role of the dominant nation, the political system. But back in the 18th century, Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev’s Russia was overcrowded with Sarmatians and other peoples that are obscure to today’s layman, among whom the Russians occupied a rather modest place...

Now I have returned from a trip to Mari El, having received a dictionary and a Bible in the Mari language as a gift, so I would like to turn to the consideration of the Mari language. To begin with, a working hypothesis about who the Mari are and who they are revered for. All reference books unanimously call them Finno-Ugric people, but they live on the middle Volga north of Tatarstan and at first impression the Mari language has a fairly strong Tatar vocabulary. Also, the accent of native speakers is very similar to the Tatar dialect.

I will give a number of catchy analogies in the Tatar and Mari languages ​​(I will indicate the Russian translation in brackets):

Il (country) - el; kala (city) - ola; adem (person) - aideme; salam (hello) - salam.
Halyk (people) - kalyk; bazaar (market) - pazar; beyram (holiday) - bairem; matur (beautiful) - motor.
Doshman (enemy) - tushman; blizzards (blizzard) - puran; alma (apple) - olma; bure (wolf) - pire.
Saryk (sheep) - shoryk, syerchyk (starling) - shyrchyk, torna (crane) - turnya.

As you can see, these words, although not the core of the language, belong to the deep layers of vocabulary and reflect the centuries-old Tatar-Mari interaction, the beginning of which dates back to the Bulgarian era (late Middle Ages)

Well, now let’s compare Tatar and Mari words to see how close these languages ​​are. So, let’s compare 40 words from the core of the language of the Tatars and Mari, and for convenience we will indicate the Russian translation in brackets.

Yakty (light) - volgydo (-), koyash (sun) - keche (+), ut (fire) - tul (-), karangylyk (darkness) - pychkemysh (-).
Tash (stone) - ku (-), agach (tree) - pushhenge (-), su (water) - wood (-), kul (lake) - er (-).
Dingez (sea) - tenez (+), fat (earth) - mlande (-), kuk (sky) - kava (-), yoldyz (star) - shudir (-).
Balyk (fish) - stake (-), kosh (bird) - kayik (-), bash (head) - vui (-), chech (hair) - upsho (-).
Ayak (leg) - yol (-), kuz (eye) - shincha (-), kolak (ear) - pylysh (-), tesh (tooth) - puy (-).
Avyz (mouth) - umsha (-), soyak (bone) - lu (-), kan (blood) - vurzho (-), kul (hand) - kid (-).
Aby (brother) - iza (-), balalar (children) - yocha (-), kyz (daughter) - udyrzhylan (-), ul (son) - erge (-).
Ana (mother) - ava (-), ata (father) - acha (+), sot (milk) - shor (-), ulem (death) - kolymash (-).
Ike (two) - kok (-), och (third) - kum (-), durtle (four) - whined (-), bish (five) - vich (+).
Alty (six) - kud (-), zhideu (seven) - shem (-), ak (white) - osh (+), kara (black) - shem (-).

We get 4 matches for word roots. We multiply 4 by 100 and divide by 40. We get 10% matches, which is more likely explained by close proximity than by the collapse of a single proto-language.

Now let’s compare the kernels of the Finnish and Mari languages:

Valo (light) - volgydo (+), aurinko (sun) - keche (-), tuli (fire) - tul (+), pimeys (darkness) - pychkemysh (-).
kivi (stone) - ku (+), puu (tree) - pushenge (+), vesi (water) - wood (+), jarvi (lake) - er (+).
Meri (sea) - tenez (-), maa (earth) - mlande (+), taivas (sky) - kava (+), tahti (star) - shudir (-).
kala (fish) - count (+), lintu (bird) - kayik (-), paa (head) - vui (-), karva (hair) - upsho (-).
Jalka (leg) - yol (+), silma (eye) - shincha (-), korva (ear) - dusty (-), hammas (tooth) - puy (-).
suu (mouth) - umsha (-), luu (bone) - lu (+), veri (blood) - vurzho (+), ylaraaja (hand) - kid (-).
Veli (brother) - isa (-), lapsi (children) - yocha (-), tytto (daughter) - udyrzhylan (-), poiko (son) - erge (-).
aiti (mother) - ava (-), isa (father) - acha (-), maito (milk) - shor (-), koulema (death) - lymash (+).
kaksi (two) - kok (+), kolme (third) - godfather (+), nelja (four) - whined (+), viisi (five) - vich (+).
Kuusi (six) - kud (+), seitseman (seven) - shem (-), valka (white) - osh (-), musta (black) - shem (-).

We get 17 matches for word roots. We multiply 17 by 100 and divide by 40. We get 42% matches. That is, according to our hypothesis, the Mari and Finnish languages ​​diverged approximately in the Iron Age (1st millennium BC). It's like Russian and Lithuanian, where there are even more lexical matches. Cm.

What united the Mari and Finns in the Iron Age? Fishing Culture of reticulate ceramics, which spread from the Volga region to Karelia.

Thus, the Mari are still closer to the Finns than to the Tatars. Although they are separated from the first by 1000 km, and 10 times less from the others. It is curious that kinship terms do not unite the Finnish and Mari languages, although the basic vocabulary on the topic of light, death, body parts and numerals is still the same.

RUSTAM MINNIKHANOV WAS INVITED TO HOMELAND NOKIA

Today the President of Finland Tarja Halonen arrived in Kazan. In the process of communicating with the leadership of Tatarstan, the guest demonstrated amazing awareness of the affairs of the Tatar community in Finland. The President of the Republic of Tatarstan and the head of Suomi came to the conclusion that Finnish business should be given the “green light” in Tatarstan.

HOW DO YOU SAY “WELCOME” IN FINNISH?

Today at the Kazan airport the President of the Republic of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov met the President of Finland Tarju Halonen. She visited the capital of Tatarstan as part of her official visit to Russia. The head of Finland flew to Kazan from Moscow, where he met with the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev and the Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.

The head of the republic greeted the distinguished guest in Finnish and shook hands. She was offered to taste bread and salt and chak-chak. In Kazan, the guest plans to visit Halonen IT Park and Kazan Federal University, where she will be awarded insignia for the title “Honorary Doctor of Kazan University.”

But before that, the President of Finland was taken to the Kremlin, where she visited the Kul Sharif Mosque and the Annunciation Cathedral. Imam-khatib Ramil Hazrat Yunusov proudly showed the prayer halls of the temple, showing another Tatarstan know-how - balconies for tourists, which allow you to follow Muslim prayer without participating in it. Another source of pride for Hazrat was the Koran in Finnish, which was donated to the mosque by the Finnish Tatars.

WHERE DO FINNS LOOK FOR WIVES?

As soon as the conversation turned to the Tatars, the President of Finland perked up and immediately made an excursion into the history of the Tatar community in Finland, which appeared here in the 19th century. “The Tatars live well here, although they come to Kazan for their wives,” Tatar-inform quotes the distinguished guest. What is noteworthy is that the official delegation includes Okan Dahir - leader of the Tatar community in Finland. It is known that the Tatar community in the country of Suomi is not very large (there are only about 1000 Tatars here), but at the same time it is a fairly influential group.

By the way, yesterday Halonen, at a press conference in Moscow, named the main reasons for her visit to Kazan, and stated that visiting the capital of Tatarstan is an opportunity to better know life in the Russian regions.

“We Finns need to remember that Russia is not only Moscow and the region closest to us,” said Halonen. Earlier, according to regional St. Petersburg media, the President of Finland said that she was also interested in Tatarstan in light of the fact that the country of Suomi was home to a small, prosperous Tatar minority, which was mainly engaged in trade and achieved considerable success in this business.

SMALL BUT INFLUENTIAL

Despite the small size of the Tatar community, which is mainly concentrated in Helsinki, Turku and Tampere, it is fully integrated into Finnish society and is considered the very first Muslim community in all of Scandinavia. By the way, the Finnish authorities are actively using this. So, for example, at one time they even wanted to involve Finnish Tatars in promoting Nokia products in the countries of the Muslim East. A recent example is the Prime Minister of Turkey Tayyip Erdogan during an October visit to Finland, as part of his visit, he met with activists of the “Islamic Turkic Tatar community.”

“The meeting took place in the building of the Tatar Islamic Society in Helsinki. Erdogan spoke with community members for an hour. At the end of the meeting, the prime minister kissed the hand of Naila Asis, who turned 85, and gave her a silver suitcase,” reports the Turkish publication Vatan.

NOT JUST THE NORTHWEST

According to BaltInfo, Finnish businessmen headed by the chairman of the board of directors of Nokia and Shell were planned to arrive in Kazan as part of the official delegation Jorma Ollila.

True, there were no other reports about the arrival of businessmen in Kazan. A statement from the press service of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan indicates that Finland participated in the meeting with Minnikhanov Paavo Väyrynen - Minister of Foreign Trade and Development of Finland, Matti Anttonen - Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Finland to the Russian Federation, Head of the Office of the President of Finland Päivi Kairamo-Hella, Permanent Deputy Minister for the Environment of Finland Hannele Bye, Director of the Department for Russian, Eastern European and Central Asian Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland Nina Vaskunlahti.

It should be noted that today in Tatarstan one of the largest representatives of Finnish business is the construction concern YIT, which, despite the crisis, built the Sovremennik residential complex in Kazan. Finland is also one of the countries where employees of a number of Tatarstan enterprises undergo internships. In 2008, trade turnover with Tatarstan reached $500 million.

According to Minnikhanov, Finnish business is not sufficiently represented in the Republic of Tatarstan, as he stated at a meeting with Halonen. “Business from Finland should come to the republic. We have created all the conditions for business, and you should not limit yourself only to the north-west of Russia,” Tatar-inform quotes the Tatarstan president, but the head of the Republic of Tatarstan promised to tell the Finnish business delegation about all the advantages tomorrow during a business breakfast. Minnikhanov sees prospects for development with Finland in the export of products from the oil and petrochemical industries.

During the conversation, Halonen recalled that Finnish hockey players play for Ak Bars and expressed hope that representatives of Finland will also perform at the 2013 Universiade. At the end of the meeting, the President of Finland invited the head of Tatarstan to visit Finland, and it would be best, in her opinion, to do this next year during a meeting of the working group on economic interaction between Russia and Finland.

Vladimir Kazantsev
Arslan Minvaleev
Photos and videos from the site prav.tatar.ru

REFERENCE Tarja Kaarina HALONEN President of the Republic of Finland Born on December 24, 1943 in Helsinki in the family of a construction worker. She graduated from the University of Helsinki and received a PhD in Law in 1968. She began her working career at the auditing company Luotonvalvonta, where in 1967-68. worked as a lawyer. In 1969-70 - Secretary of the Association of Student Councils of Finland (oversaw social security issues). Since 1970, she has held the position of lawyer at the Central Organization of Trade Unions of Finland. In 1974-75 - Parliamentary Secretary to Prime Minister K. Sorsa. In 1977-96. - Member of the Board of Municipal Commissioners of Helsinki. Well-known activist of the Social Democratic Party of Finland. Since 1979 - Member of the Finnish Parliament. In 1984-87. headed the commission on social issues. In 1991-95 - Vice-chairman of the Finnish parliamentary delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, 1993-95. - in the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly. In 1987-90 served as Minister of Social Affairs and Health in 1990-91. - Minister of Justice, in 1989-91. - Minister for Cooperation with the Nordic Countries. In April 1995, she was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. She continued to work in this post in the second government of P. Lipponen (appointed on April 15, 1999). On February 6, 2000, she was elected as the eleventh President of Finland (T. Halonen is the first woman elected president in the history of Finland). She took office on March 1, 2000. On January 29, 2006, Halonen was re-elected to a second 6-year presidential term. She visited Russia several times. As president, she made an official visit to the Russian Federation in June 2000. She is known for her many years of activism in the field of peace and human rights. She was a member of the human rights organizations “Union for Assistance to the Elderly”, “Sexual Equality”, “International Solidarity Fund”, in 1994-95. was a member of the Advisory Commission on Combating Racism, Xenophobia, Anti-Semitism and Intolerance. Pays great attention to studying the problems of globalization. In 2002-2003 She co-chaired the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization, created under the auspices of the ILO. Hobbies: fine arts, theater, gardening, swimming. Married, has an adult daughter. Speaks Swedish, English and German.

How close are the scientist’s predictions to the truth? How do Tatars live in Finland today, how many are there, what do they do, how do they preserve their native language and culture? About this - in the material of the Tatar-inform news agency. Before we talk about our trip to Finland, a few words about the Tatar Folk Choir of Kazan Federal University. The team is known for the fact that at one time many representatives of the current social and cultural life of the Tatars were involved in it. Since its formation in 1967, the choir has been led by Irnis Rakhmatullin. He is not just an artistic director, but also a real educator in the field of Tatar music. Among the “graduates” of Irnis Rakhmatullin’s school are the national poet Robert Minnullin, the permanent representative of the Republic of Tatarstan in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region Renat Valiullin, the writer Almaz Gimadeev, presenter Ildar Kiyamov, deputy general director of the Tatarstan - New Century TV channel, presenter Danil Giniyatov, editor-in-chief of the newspaper “Tatarstan Yashlere”, the now deceased Ismagil Sharafeev, journalist, writer Dzhaudat Darzaman and many others. Here are a few more facts about the KFU folk choir: Family and organized social life Many of us were traveling abroad for the first time. Finland greeted us with cold and rainy weather, but we didn’t even notice it - the welcome of our compatriots was so warm and welcoming. In Helsinki we gave two concerts: we performed in the house of the Finnish Tatar Society, and on the second day - in the Rossotrudnichestvo building. Tatars began to emigrate to Finland a century and a half ago. Finding themselves in a foreign environment, they did not lose their native roots. The secret is that the language lives in the family: the Tatars of Finland believe that only they themselves are responsible for preserving their native language, no one from the outside will help with this. That is why in Tatar families the majority communicate only in their native language. Their children first learn their native language and only become familiar with the Finnish language in kindergarten. Good support in preserving the language is also provided by courses on studying the Tatar language and the fundamentals of Islam, which have been held for many years within the walls of the Tatar community in Finland. The Tatars of Finland are sincere and simple. The first impressions after meeting their compatriots are their sincerity and simplicity towards other people. Not just because the rules of hospitality require it. The community itself has an incredibly kind and friendly atmosphere. Relations between community members are imbued with care and great respect for each other; they carefully preserve traditions and honor their elders. Our concert was warmly received - it turned out that the Tatars of Finland were yearning for their native culture, their native Tatar songs. The most touching moments - on some compositions the audience sang along with us, and after the concert many came up, hugged and thanked us, so warmly and sincerely, as if it were not some strangers who had come to them, but relatives whom they had not met for a long time. “We live here as if in one Tatar village.” I learned more about the life of the community from the chairman of the Union of Turks of Finland, Varol Abdrahim. According to the interlocutor, the number of Tatar diaspora in Finland today is 600–700 people. “If we talk about Tatars throughout Finland, there are different families among them. And here in Helsinki we live like in one Tatar village,” says Mr. Varol. – Soviet times and the present are two different worlds. During the Soviet era, there was no connection with Tatarstan; our girls married Turks. After the 90s, daughters-in-law from Tatarstan and other regions of Russia began to come to us. Brides came from the USA. Several of our girls got married and went to America. It is noteworthy that only girls come to us from Tatarstan; there has never been a case where the groom came. Of course, there are also mixed marriages with Finns. In some of them, the Tatar language has been preserved, because families communicate with children in Tatar. Even in mixed families, Tatars teach the other half their native language. We have children who have successfully performed in competitions related to the Tatar language. This proves that our Tatar families still maintain national identity and respect for their native culture. In 1870 - 1920, among the Tatars who moved to Finland, there was a good birth rate - families usually had 6 - 10 or more children. But closer to the 1950s, this figure dropped to 3–4, now it is 1–3 children,” said Mr. Varol. Public organizations of the Tatars of Finland “Family is the basis for preserving language, religion, traditions. Our community has placed great emphasis on education from the very beginning. Once a week in the evening, classes on the Tatar language and the basics of Islam are held in the community building. In the summer, we organize a ten-day camp for schoolchildren, where children study religion, their native language, music and art. Modern Tatars of Finland are descendants of Tatars who emigrated in 1870 - 1920, mainly from the Sergach district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The Tatars who arrived in Finland were mainly engaged in trade. To maintain unity and live unitedly, they organized their society. Established in 1925, the Tatar Society of Finland “Islamia” was one of the first officially registered Muslim organizations in Western countries. Throughout its activities, the society has been teaching young people the language and basics of religion, publishing books, materials from scientific conferences, and maintaining close ties with Tatar organizations and communities in other countries. Books in the Tatar language are published jointly with Tatarstan. Recently, at our own expense, we published a book with suras from the Koran and prayers, in two parts. The suras are given in Arabic and Arabic script, with Latin transliteration, with translations into Tatar and Finnish. In 1935, the cultural community of the Tatars of Finland “FTB – Finland toreklere berlege” (Union of the Turks of Finland) was formed. In the summer, the union holds evenings, concerts, theater groups, national cuisine courses and other events, brings the community together, and supports the national feelings of the Tatars. Famous artists come from Tatarstan, the Kamala Theater and the Tinchurin Theater come on tour. The Yoldyz sports club was created in 1945. We regularly hold football matches, and we played twice in Kazan. The Yoldyz sports club is a platform for communication for our youth. The club is more than 60 years old, and all this time it brings together parents and children during the winter holidays and organizes useful recreation for them.” The attitude of the Finns towards the Tatars and Islam “The Tatars in Finland are respected by the indigenous population and by the government of the country. During World War II, more than 170 Tatars fought in the Finnish army - in Finland they know and remember this. Tatars are marked on the map of languages ​​of national minorities of Europe. This means that the Tatar language has been the active language here for 50 years. Although there are no Tatars among the parliament deputies, when making decisions related to Islam or the life of national minorities, the opinion of the Tatars is also taken into account. Finland is a small country with a population of only 5.5 million people, but in many respects it is an example for other countries in Europe and the world. Our children attend Finnish kindergartens. Teachers recommend that we speak to our children in our native language at home, while also trying to teach them abstract concepts related to the emotional perception of the world. For a child, the native language is the language of feelings. A person needs his native language so that he can understand and explain such deep feelings as love. 90 percent of Finns are Lutherans (Protestant movement in Christianity). Despite this, if there are three children of the same religion in a school, they will be taught their religion. The program and textbooks for Muslim children are approved by the ministry. Our children also study Islam in the Tatar community school.” Will Iskander Gilyazov's prediction come true? “Professor Iskander Gilyazov (Doctor of Historical Sciences, Director of the Institute of the Tatar Encyclopedia and Regional Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan - Ed.) predicted the disappearance of the Tatars of Finland in a couple of generations. In this case, the verse of the Koran comes to mind: “Every nation has its own time, you cannot extend it and you cannot shorten it either.” Of course, the person is optimistic about the future. We also don't see ourselves disappearing in the future. There were different times, something changed, but we always tried to find a way out of these situations. However, each individual and each family decides differently. Iskander Gilyazov, as a scientist, must express his opinion. We must maintain close ties with Tatarstan, but the basis is our own efforts. Nobody knows what our future is. Now it has become easier to communicate with Tatars around the world. Several years ago, our children started going to Selet camp. Someone went to the congress of the World Congress of Tatars, to the youth forum. But, perhaps, forcing someone to “speak Tatar, and let your national feelings be strong” will not work. Glory to Allah, among the Tatars of Finland there are fifth and sixth generations who speak the language well. And the native language remains a living, in-demand language in Finland now,” summarized the Chairman of the Union of Turks of Finland, Mr. Varol Abdrahim.

Not all Tatars are civilized; in Ukraine they are savages.

And I think, why do I like Finns so much?

For the first time in history, Russian scientists conducted an unprecedented study of the Russian gene pool - and were shocked by its results. In particular, this study fully confirmed the idea expressed in our articles “Country of Moksel” (No. 14) and “Non-Russian Russian Language” (No. 12) that Russians are not Slavs, but only Russian-speaking Finns.

“Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. The publication of the results could have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order,” this is how the publication on this topic in the Russian publication Vlast sensationally begins. And the sensation really turned out to be incredible - many myths about Russian nationality turned out to be false. Among other things, it turned out that genetically Russians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Finns.

THE RUSSIANS TURNED OUT TO BE FINNS

Over several decades of intense research, anthropologists have been able to identify the appearance of a typical Russian person. They are of average build and average height, light brown-haired with light eyes - gray or blue. By the way, during the research a verbal portrait of a typical Ukrainian was also obtained. The standard Ukrainian differs from the Russian in the color of his skin, hair and eyes - he is a dark brunette with regular facial features and brown eyes. However, anthropological measurements of the proportions of the human body are not even the last, but the century before last, of science, which has long ago received at its disposal the most accurate methods of molecular biology, which make it possible to read all human genes. And the most advanced methods of DNA analysis today are considered to be sequencing (reading the genetic code) of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the human Y chromosome. Mitochondrial DNA has been passed down through the female line from generation to generation, virtually unchanged since the time when the ancestor of mankind, Eve, climbed down from a tree in East Africa. And the Y chromosome is present only in men and therefore is also passed on to male offspring almost unchanged, while all other chromosomes, when transmitted from father and mother to their children, are shuffled by nature, like a deck of cards before being dealt. Thus, in contrast to indirect signs (appearance, body proportions), sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome DNA indisputably and directly indicate the degree of relationship between people, writes the magazine “Power”.

In the West, human population geneticists have been successfully using these methods for two decades. In Russia, they were used only once, in the mid-1990s, when identifying royal remains. The turning point in the situation with the use of the most modern methods to study the titular nation of Russia occurred only in 2000. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has awarded a grant to scientists from the Laboratory of Human Population Genetics of the Medical Genetics Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. For the first time in Russian history, scientists were able to fully concentrate on studying the gene pool of the Russian people for several years. They supplemented their molecular genetic research with an analysis of the frequency distribution of Russian surnames in the country. This method was very cheap, but its information content exceeded all expectations: a comparison of the geography of surnames with the geography of genetic DNA markers showed their almost complete coincidence.

The molecular genetic results of Russia’s first study of the gene pool of the titular nationality are now being prepared for publication in the form of a monograph “Russian Gene Pool”, which will be published at the end of the year by the Luch publishing house. The magazine “Vlast” provides some research data. So, it turned out that the Russians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Finns. By the way, these studies completely destroyed the notorious myth about the “Eastern Slavs” - that supposedly Belarusians, Ukrainians and Russians “make up a group of Eastern Slavs.” The only Slavs of these three peoples turned out to be only Belarusians, but it turned out that Belarusians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Western ones - because they are genetically practically no different from the Poles. So the myth about the “kinship blood of Belarusians and Russians” was completely destroyed: Belarusians turned out to be virtually identical to the Poles, Belarusians are genetically very far from Russians, but very close to Czechs and Slovaks. But the Finns of Finland turned out to be much closer genetically to the Russians than the Belarusians. Thus, according to the Y chromosome, the genetic distance between Russians and Finns in Finland is only 30 conventional units (close relationship). And the genetic distance between a Russian person and the so-called Finno-Ugric peoples (Mari, Vepsians, Mordovians, etc.) living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 2-3 units. Simply put, genetically they are IDENTICAL. In this regard, the magazine “Vlast” notes: “And the harsh statement of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia on September 1 at the Council of the EU in Brussels (after the denunciation by the Russian side of the treaty on the state border with Estonia) about discrimination against the Finno-Ugric peoples allegedly related to the Finns in the Russian Federation loses its substantive meaning . But due to the moratorium of Western scientists, the Russian Foreign Ministry was unable to reasonably accuse Estonia of interfering in our internal, one might even say closely related, affairs.” This philippic is only one facet of the mass of contradictions that have arisen. Since the closest relatives for Russians are Finno-Ugrians and Estonians (in fact, these are the same people, since a difference of 2-3 units is inherent in only one people), then Russian jokes about “inhibited Estonians” are strange, when Russians themselves are these Estonians. A huge problem arises for Russia in self-identification as supposedly “Slavs,” because genetically the Russian people have nothing to do with the Slavs. In the myth about the “Slavic roots of the Russians,” Russian scientists have put an end to it: there is nothing of the Slavs in the Russians. There is only the near-Slavic Russian language, but it also contains 60-70% of non-Slavic vocabulary, so a Russian person is not able to understand the languages ​​of the Slavs, although a real Slav understands any Slavic languages ​​(except Russian) due to the similarity. The results of mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that another closest relative of Russians, besides the Finns of Finland, are the Tatars: Russians from the Tatars are at the same genetic distance of 30 conventional units that separates them from the Finns. The data for Ukraine turned out to be no less sensational. It turned out that genetically the population of Eastern Ukraine is Finno-Ugrians: Eastern Ukrainians are practically no different from Russians, Komi, Mordvins, and Mari. This is one Finnish people, who once had their own common Finnish language. But with the Ukrainians of Western Ukraine, everything turned out to be even more unexpected. These are not Slavs at all, just as they are not the “Russo-Finns” of Russia and Eastern Ukraine, but a completely different ethnic group: between the Ukrainians from Lvov and the Tatars the genetic distance is only 10 units.

This close relationship between Western Ukrainians and Tatars may be explained by the Sarmatian roots of the ancient inhabitants of Kievan Rus. Of course, there is a certain Slavic component in the blood of Western Ukrainians (they are more genetically close to the Slavs than the Russians), but these are still not Slavs, but Sarmatians. Anthropologically, they are characterized by wide cheekbones, dark hair and brown eyes, dark (and not pink, like Caucasians) nipples. The magazine writes: “You can react as you like to these strictly scientific facts that show the natural essence of the standard electorates of Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych. But it will not be possible to accuse Russian scientists of falsifying these data: then the accusation will automatically extend to their Western colleagues, who have been delaying the publication of these results for more than a year, each time extending the moratorium period.” The magazine is right: these data clearly explain the deep and permanent split in Ukrainian society, where two completely different ethnic groups actually live under the name “Ukrainians.” Moreover, Russian imperialism will take this scientific data into its arsenal - as another (already weighty and scientific) argument to “increase” the territory of Russia with Eastern Ukraine. But what about the myth about the “Slavic-Russians”?

Recognizing these data and trying to use them, Russian strategists are faced with what is popularly called a “double-edged sword”: in this case, they will have to reconsider the entire national self-identification of the Russian people as “Slavic” and abandon the concept of “kinship” with Belarusians and the entire Slavic World - no longer at the level of scientific research, but at the political level. The magazine also publishes a map indicating the area where “truly Russian genes” (that is, Finnish) are still preserved. Geographically, this territory “coincides with Russia during the time of Ivan the Terrible” and “clearly shows the conventionality of some state borders,” the magazine writes. Namely: the population of Bryansk, Kursk and Smolensk is not a Russian population at all (that is, Finnish), but a Belarusian-Polish one - identical to the genes of Belarusians and Poles. An interesting fact is that in the Middle Ages the border between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy was precisely the ethnic border between the Slavs and Finns (by the way, the eastern border of Europe then passed along it). The further imperialism of Muscovy-Russia, which annexed neighboring territories, went beyond the boundaries of ethnic Muscovites and captured foreign ethnic groups.

WHAT IS Rus'?

These new discoveries by Russian scientists allow us to take a fresh look at the entire politics of medieval Muscovy, including its concept of “Rus”. It turns out that Moscow’s “pulling of the Russian blanket over itself” is explained purely ethnically and genetically. The so-called “Holy Rus'” in the concept of the Russian Orthodox Church of Moscow and Russian historians was formed due to the rise of Moscow in the Horde, and, as Lev Gumilyov wrote, for example, in the book “From Rus' to Russia”, due to this same fact, Ukrainians and Belarusians ceased to be Rusyns, ceased to be Russia. It is clear that there were two completely different Russias. One, the Western one, lived its own life as a Slav and united into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia. Another Rus' - Eastern Rus' (more precisely Muscovy - because it was not considered Russia at that time) - entered the ethnically close Horde for 300 years, in which it then seized power and made it “Russia” even before the conquest of Novgorod and Pskov into the Horde-Russia. It is this second Rus' - the Rus' of the Finnish ethnic group - that the Russian Orthodox Church of Moscow and Russian historians call “Holy Russia”, while depriving Western Rus' of the right to something “Russian” (forcing even the entire people of Kievan Rus to call themselves not Rusyns, but “outskirts” ). The meaning is clear: this Finnish Russian had little in common with the original Slavic Russian. (ON - Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ROC - ? Yu. S.)

The very centuries-old confrontation between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy (who seemed to have something in common in the Rus of the Rurikovichs and in the Kievan faith, and the princes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Vitovt-Yurii and Jagiello-Yakov were Orthodox from birth, were Rurikovichs and Grand Dukes of Russia, did not speak any other language except Russian knew) - this is a confrontation between countries of different ethnic groups: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania gathered the Slavs, and Muscovy - the Finns. As a result, for many centuries two Russias opposed each other - the Slavic Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Finnish Muscovy. This also explains the glaring fact that Muscovy NEVER during its stay in the Horde expressed a desire to return to Rus', gain freedom from the Tatars, and become part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. And its capture of Novgorod was caused precisely by the negotiations of Novgorod on joining the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This Russophobia of Moscow and its “masochism” (“the Horde yoke is better than the Grand Duchy of Lithuania”) can only be explained by ethnic differences with primordial Russia and ethnic closeness to the peoples of the Horde. It is this genetic difference with the Slavs that explains Muscovy’s rejection of the European way of life, hatred of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Poles (that is, the Slavs in general), and a great love for the East and Asian traditions. These studies by Russian scientists must necessarily be reflected in the revision of their concepts by historians. In particular, it has long been necessary to introduce into historical science the fact that there was not one Rus', but two completely different ones: Slavic Rus' and Finnish Rus'. This clarification makes it possible to understand and explain many processes in our medieval history, which in the current interpretation still seem devoid of any meaning.

RUSSIAN SURNAMES

Attempts by Russian scientists to study the statistics of Russian surnames initially encountered a lot of difficulties. The Central Election Commission and local election commissions flatly refused to cooperate with scientists, citing the fact that only if voter lists are kept secret can they guarantee the objectivity and integrity of elections to federal and local authorities. The criterion for including a surname in the list was very lenient: it was included if at least five bearers of this surname lived in the region for three generations. First, lists were compiled for five conditional regions - Northern, Central, Central-Western, Central-Eastern and Southern. In total, across all regions of Russia there were about 15 thousand Russian surnames, most of which were found only in one of the regions and were absent in others.

When superimposing regional lists on top of each other, scientists identified a total of 257 so-called “all-Russian surnames.” The magazine writes: “It is interesting that at the final stage of the study they decided to add surnames of residents of the Krasnodar Territory to the list of the Southern region, expecting that the predominance of Ukrainian surnames of the descendants of the Zaporozhye Cossacks evicted here by Catherine II would significantly reduce the all-Russian list. But this additional restriction reduced the list of all-Russian surnames by only 7 units - to 250. Which led to the obvious and not for everyone pleasant conclusion that Kuban is populated mainly by Russian people. Where did the Ukrainians go and whether the Ukrainians were here at all is a big question.” And further: “The analysis of Russian surnames generally gives food for thought. Even the simplest action - searching for the names of all the country's leaders - gave an unexpected result. Only one of them was included in the list of bearers of the top 250 all-Russian surnames - Mikhail Gorbachev (158th place). The surname Brezhnev occupies 3767th place in the general list (found only in the Belgorod region of the Southern region). The surname Khrushchev is in 4248th place (found only in the Northern region, Arkhangelsk region). Chernenko took 4749th place (Southern region only). Andropov has 8939th place (Southern region only). Putin took 14,250th place (Southern region only). And Yeltsin was not included in the general list at all. Stalin's surname - Dzhugashvili - was not considered for obvious reasons. But the pseudonym Lenin was included in the regional lists at number 1421, second only to the first president of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev.” The magazine writes that the result amazed even the scientists themselves, who believed that the main difference between the bearers of southern Russian surnames was not the ability to lead a huge power, but the increased sensitivity of the skin of their fingers and palms. A scientific analysis of dermatoglyphics (papillary patterns on the skin of the palms and fingers) of Russian people showed that the complexity of the pattern (from simple arches to loops) and the accompanying sensitivity of the skin increases from north to south. “A person with simple patterns on the skin of his hands can hold a glass of hot tea in his hands without pain,” Dr. Balanovskaya clearly explained the essence of the differences. “And if there are a lot of loops, then such people make unsurpassed pickpockets.” Scientists publish a list of the 250 most common Russian surnames. What was unexpected was the fact that the most common Russian surname is not Ivanov, but Smirnov. It’s probably not worth giving this entire list, here are just the 20 most common Russian surnames: 1. Smirnov; 2. Ivanov; 3. Kuznetsov; 4. Popov; 5. Sokolov; 6. Lebedev; 7. Kozlov; 8. Novikov; 9. Morozov; 10. Petrov; 11. Volkov; 12. Soloviev; 13. Vasiliev; 14. Zaitsev; 15. Pavlov; 16. Semenov; 17. Golubev; 18. Vinogradov; 19. Bogdanov; 20. Vorobyov. All top all-Russian surnames have Bulgarian endings with -ov (-ev), plus several surnames with -in (Ilyin, Kuzmin, etc.). And among the top 250 there is not a single surname of “Eastern Slavs” (Belarusians and Ukrainians) starting with -iy, -ich, -ko. Although in Belarus the most common surnames are -iy and -ich, and in Ukraine - -ko. This also shows deep differences between the “Eastern Slavs”, for Belarusian surnames with -iy and -ich are equally the most common in Poland - and not at all in Russia. The Bulgarian endings of the 250 most common Russian surnames indicate that the surnames were given by the priests of Kievan Rus, who spread Orthodoxy among its Finns in Muscovy, therefore these surnames are Bulgarian, from holy books, and not from the living Slavic language, which the Finns of Muscovy do not have was. Otherwise, it is impossible to understand why Russians do not have surnames of Belarusians living nearby (in -iy and -ich), but Bulgarian surnames - although the Bulgarians are not at all bordering Moscow, but live thousands of kilometers away from it. The widespread use of surnames with animal names is explained by Lev Uspensky in his book “Riddles of Toponymy” (Moscow, 1973) by the fact that in the Middle Ages people had two names - from their parents and from baptism, and “from their parents” it was then “fashionable” to give names animals. As he writes, then in the family the children had the names Hare, Wolf, Bear, etc. This pagan tradition was embodied in the widespread use of “animal” surnames.

ABOUT BELARUSIANS

A special topic in this study is the genetic identity of Belarusians and Poles. This did not become the subject of attention of Russian scientists, because it is outside Russia. But it is very interesting for us. The very fact of genetic identity of Poles and Belarusians is not unexpected. The very history of our countries is confirmation of this - the main part of the ethnic group of Belarusians and Poles is not the Slavs, but the Slavicized Western Balts, but their genetic “passport” is so close to the Slavic that it would be practically difficult to find differences in genes between the Slavs and the Prussians, Masurians, Dainova , Yatvingians, etc. This is what unites the Poles and Belarusians, the descendants of the Slavicized Western Balts. This ethnic community also explains the creation of the Union State of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The famous Belarusian historian V.U. Lastovsky in “A Brief History of Belarus” (Vilno, 1910) writes that negotiations began ten times on the creation of the Union State of Belarusians and Poles: in 1401, 1413, 1438, 1451, 1499, 1501, 1563, 1564, 1566, 1567. - and ended for the eleventh time with the creation of the Union in 1569. Where does such persistence come from? Obviously, only out of awareness of ethnic community, for the ethnic group of Poles and Belarusians was created by dissolving the Western Balts into themselves. But the Czechs and Slovaks, who were also part of the first in the history of the Slavic Union of Peoples of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, no longer felt this degree of closeness, because they did not have a “Baltic component” in themselves. And there was even greater alienation among the Ukrainians, who saw little ethnic kinship in this and over time entered into complete confrontation with the Poles. The research of Russian geneticists allows us to take a completely different look at our entire history, since many political events and political preferences of the peoples of Europe are largely explained precisely by the genetics of their ethnic group - which until now has remained hidden from historians. It was genetics and the genetic kinship of ethnic groups that were the most important forces in the political processes of medieval Europe. The genetic map of peoples created by Russian scientists allows us to look at the wars and alliances of the Middle Ages from a completely different angle.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of research by Russian scientists about the gene pool of the Russian people will be absorbed in society for a long time, because they completely refute all our existing ideas, reducing them to the level of unscientific myths. This new knowledge must not only be understood, but rather one must get used to it. Now the concept of “Eastern Slavs” has become absolutely unscientific, the congresses of the Slavs in Minsk are unscientific, where it is not Slavs from Russia who gather, but Russian-speaking Finns from Russia, who are not genetically Slavs and have nothing to do with the Slavs. The very status of these “congresses of the Slavs” is completely discredited by Russian scientists. Based on the results of these studies, Russian scientists called the Russian people not Slavs, but Finns. The population of Eastern Ukraine is also called Finns, and the population of Western Ukraine is genetically Sarmatian. That is, the Ukrainian people are not Slavs either. The only Slavs from the “Eastern Slavs” are the Belarusians, but they are genetically identical to the Poles - which means they are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but genetically Western Slavs. In fact, this means the geopolitical collapse of the Slavic Triangle of the “Eastern Slavs”, because the Belarusians turned out to be genetically Poles, the Russians - Finns, and the Ukrainians - Finns and Sarmatians. Of course, propaganda will continue to try to hide this fact from the population, but you can’t hide an sew in a bag. Just as you can’t shut the mouth of scientists, you can’t hide their latest genetic research. Scientific progress cannot be stopped. Therefore, the discoveries of Russian scientists are not just a scientific sensation, but a BOMB capable of undermining all currently existing foundations in the ideas of peoples. That is why the Russian magazine “Vlast” gave this fact an extremely concerned assessment: “Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. The publication of the results could have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order.” The magazine did not exaggerate.