Lifeboat for 51 people. Lifeboats (closed)

15.10.2022

We live in a rapidly changing world, so when disasters occur, people rely more and more on science. Engineers and scientists all over the planet are constantly working to create the most modern life-saving equipment, the maritime industry does not go unnoticed.

Over the course of several millennia, many lives were saved thanks to the lifeboat, but its technological evolution was rather slow. Almost a hundred years after the sinking of the passenger ship, the ship is having difficulty evacuating passengers in the event of an emergency. Hundreds of passengers and crew members die trying to reach the lifeboats. People who find themselves trapped in a burning or tilting ship have to rely on intuition and their own strength.

Laboratory "SHEBA" (Ship Evacuation Behavior Assessment Facility)

The typical tourist does not have the skills to survive on a ship in distress, so for this purpose, the efforts of engineers from several leading companies " British Maritime Technology», « BMT Fleet Technology Limited», « Grandi Navi Veloci», « University of Greenwich" in 2005 developed a marine laboratory called " SHEBA» (Ship Evacuation Behavior Assessment Facility).

This marine laboratory is located far from open ocean, but the smoke-filled corridors and hydraulically tilted structure give the impression of a real emergency.

Marine laboratory "SHEBA"

Inside the installation " SHEBA» Passengers feel like they are on board a modern ship. The structure is equipped with video cameras and motion sensors. This allows operators to obtain information about people's behavior when evacuation from the ship. By assessing the speed and actions of people, scientists can guess how passengers behave on a ship in an emergency and determine the time of evacuation from the ship. The obtained experimental data are entered into a computer program called “ Sea exodus", which allows shipbuilders to virtually evaluate their project from the point of view salvation before you start creating it. Using the program, operators work through many scenarios emergency situations, and by highlighting the most dangerous ones, they establish the cause of their occurrence (blocking exits due to fires or flooding, due to flaws in the design of the vessel).

boat of the future "ResCube"

Today programs such as “ Sea exodus" are used when creating. However, even at the most modern liners passengers must cross several decks before reaching the evacuation deck. Today, being in, on passenger ships there can be up to 6,000 people, but in the near future this number will increase and developers of life-saving devices have to take care of amateurs.

« ResCube" is a system of free-fall marine lifeboats positioned vertically along the sides of a passenger ship, allowing passengers to enter from six decks at once. Life-saving device « ResCube"allows you to accommodate 330 passengers on board, and protect you from bad weather and deadly fire.

« ResCube"This is a completely new approach to saving passengers large ships. Passengers are accommodated in three rotating cylinders. During a rescue operation, the system rotates 90 degrees - this occurs due to gravity. Rescue weight lifeboats is more than 50 tons.

free fall boat

modern lifeboat

free fall boats

First life-saving equipment Freefalls were created specifically for oil and offshore platforms, as people in this industry are constantly faced with flammable gas and oil.

The free-fall lifeboat, hanging 16 meters above the water, is designed to eject the crew of cargo ships in case of danger. Life-saving device weighing 5.5 tons can be dropped from a height of 22 meters. The free-fall boat can take up to 44 people away from danger. Inside the boat, people are fastened and positioned with their backs facing the direction of travel.

A typical dinghy differs from a free-fall dinghy in that you first need to get into it, then you need to use a dinghy beam with a winch to launch it into the water. It descends to the water quite slowly, and fuel can still burn on the surface of the water. Many injuries can occur during descent, but a free-fall lifeboat eliminates all of this. This life-saving device will survive in the most difficult conditions.

The free-fall lifeboat is made of polyester fiberglass, a fire-resistant material that is resistant to the heat of a welding torch. As an additional protection, a water spray system is used, which will allow the team to survive from fuel burning in the water.

Drilling platforms are equipped lifeboats free fall, accommodating up to 90 people, which can be dropped from a height of up to 38 meters. Such reliable life-saving equipment is already available on many ships. They don't just add peace of mind, they will almost certainly help you avoid death in an emergency.

Our world is becoming faster and more dangerous, so humanity must make every effort to prevent tragedies at sea and modern maritime life-saving equipment increase our chances of surviving in an aggressive environment.

1.Fiberglass shell, non-flammable, durable to withstand:

impact on the side of the vessel at a descent speed of at least 3.5 m/s and drop into the water from a height of at least 3 m, load without deformation 2 times when it is fully loaded with people and supplies, buoyancy compartments filled with foam with buoyancy of 28 kg per person, seats with belts and clear markings.

2. Body elements.

entrance hatches for boarding people, including those on stretchers, ventilation heads, portholes (hatches for oars), air pipes for fuel tanks, a gas outlet pipe for a battery box, a receiver for connecting a hose from the vessel's fire water system, a sea chest with a valve.

3. Mechanical installation.

Mechanical installation - Lister diesel engine with reverse gear transmission 3:1 36 hp. pp., mounted equipment supporting systems and two couplings (for the shafting to the propeller and to the water irrigation pump). The diesel engine is controlled remotely from the helmsman's position. ICE 3-cylinder, single-row, 4-stroke.

4. Engine and boat systems.

Fuel system – 2 tanks of 130 liters each for 24 hours of internal combustion engine operation. The internal combustion engine cooling system is 2-circuit (antifreeze and water). The internal combustion engine gas exhaust pipeline is a metal hose, muffler, exhaust pipe. Drainage system - hand pump, drain hose, pipe and float drain valve. Natural ventilation system

through hatches and ventilation drainage valves.

5. Boat structure:

hoisting and lowering device - hooks, their control cables and a control handle for the device in the steering room, steering device - steering wheel, column for transmitting rotation to the steering wheel with an attachment, mooring and towing device - for painters and two tugs (on the bow and stern), railing device – handrails, hanging ladders, rails, anchoring device – floating anchor with draught and niral.

6. Boat equipment.

1). Electrical equipment - 12 volt network.

a) Sources – generator and battery.

b) Consumers - lamps, starter, spotlight.

Note:

The boat is supplied with a 12 V DC on-board power cable.

2). Reflectors are strips of reflective material.

3). Navigation equipment – magnetic compass with backlight.

1.4. Closed lifeboat of project 02340. (not tanker).

1. Construction of the boat hull.

1). The outer fiberglass shell is 8 mm thick, the filler (hard polyurethane foam) and the inner one is 4 mm thick.

2). Two side hatches for boarding/disembarking crew and passengers and receiving people from the water.

2. Wheelhouse:

Swivel chair with seat belts

Diesel control station on the left side (handle: forward - neutral, forward, back - reverse)

Nozzle control wheel with steering wheel

Hook control handle

Boat electrical switch - left

Magnetic compass

Dashboard of diesel instrumentation and signaling devices.

3. Steering hatch cover:

masthead lantern

Spotlight

Bushing for winch remote control cable entry.

4. The left side of the cabin has a connector for the on-board network cable input, the aft wall of the cabin has a bracket for a radar reflector.

5. 15 places to accommodate crew and passengers.

7. The engine compartment and shafting are in the stern of the boat.

8. Manual bilge pump - on the stern wall of the boat.

9. Boxes for storing property - in the bow of the boat.

10. Side beads for collecting rainwater.

11. On the side walls there are sleds, and inside there are their recoil mechanisms (handles).

There are a number of requirements for the design of the housing, some of which are listed below:

1) All lifeboats must be of sufficient strength to:

they could be safely launched when loaded with their full complement of men and supplies; And
they could be launched and towed at forward speed of the ship at a speed of 5 knots in calm water.

2) The lifeboat hull must be rigid and made of non-combustible or non-combustible material.

3) The boat must have a closure on top that protects people from environmental influences:

If the closure is completely rigid, then such a boat is a closed type boat.

If part of the closure is a soft awning, then such a boat is a partially enclosed boat. In this case, the bow and stern ends must be protected for at least 20% of the length by rigid closure elements. The awning is usually made of two layers of waterproof fabric with an air layer. When open, the awning is rolled up and secured above the entrance.

Passenger ships can be equipped with both types of boats, and cargo ships- only closed type boats (SOLAS-74 Chapter III rules 21 and 31).

Placing partially enclosed boats on passenger ships gives a great advantage in the speed of boarding passengers during evacuation.

4) Lifeboats must have a reserve of buoyancy that allows a completely flooded boat with supplies and people in it to stay afloat.

This additional buoyancy is provided by lightweight buoyant materials that are resistant to sea water and petroleum products. These buoyancy features are usually located along the inside perimeter of the boat under the seats.

5) Lifeboats must be stable when filled with 50% of the number of persons permitted to accommodate them, seated in a normal position on one side of its centreline.

6) Enclosed lifeboats must be self-righting when capsized.

Capsizing can occur, for example, under the impact of a collapsing wave crest, which is most likely when the boat enters the wave deformation zone in shallow water.

Boat equipment

Diagram of a fireproof lifeboat launched on paddles

Seating places.

Seats are equipped on transverse and longitudinal banks or fixed seats. Equipment method seats usually related to the type of boat.

	Layout of seats in a boat launched on the boats. In a boat launched on the boats, the majority of the seats are equipped on cans located along the sides (with their backs to the side). On large-capacity boats, when the width allows, additional seats can be equipped on the longitudinal banks in the middle (facing the side), or on the transverse banks.
	Layout of seats in a boat being lowered free fall In free-fall boats, seats with backs and headrests are installed. They are installed in transverse rows so that people sit facing the stern, which ensures that the backrest takes on the inertia of a person when the boat enters the water.

Fully enclosed boats require the seats to be equipped with seat belts.

Engine

Every lifeboat must be equipped with an internal combustion engine. Lifeboats are equipped with compression ignition engines that meet the following requirements:

1) The engine is capable of operating for at least 5 minutes from the moment of starting in a cold state when the boat is out of the water.

This allows you to start the engine for periodic checks out of the water, and in case of abandonment of the vessel, lower the boat into the water with the engine running and immediately move away from the vessel.

2) The speed of the boat in calm water with a full complement of people and equipment must be at least 6 knots, and at least 2 knots when towing life raft the largest capacity installed on a given vessel, loaded with a full complement of people and supplies.

3) The fuel supply must be sufficient to operate the engine at full speed for 24 hours.

To ensure that the boat can be used by unqualified people (for example, passengers), instructions for starting and operating the engine must be provided in a clearly visible place near the engine controls, and the controls must be marked accordingly.

Drainage

1) The boat must be either self-draining or have a hand pump to remove water.

2) The lifeboat must be equipped with a release valve.

A drain valve (one or two depending on the size of the boat) is installed in the lower part of the bottom of the boat to release water. The valve opens automatically when the boat is out of the water and automatically closes when the boat is afloat. Typically this task is performed by a float type valve.

Each drain valve is equipped with a cap or plug to close it, attached with a pin or chain next to the valve.

When storing the boat on board a ship, the release valve must be open to allow any water that enters the boat to drain away.

When preparing the boat for launching, the valve must be closed with a cap or plug.

Access to the boat

The entrances to the lifeboat are made on both sides and are of such dimensions and position that it is possible to lift helpless people aboard the boat, both from the water and on stretchers.

The lifeboat is designed and positioned in such a way that all people assigned to the boat can board it:

on passenger ship- within no more than 10 minutes after the landing command is given;
on a cargo ship - within no more than 3 minutes after the landing command is given.

The lifeboat must have a boarding ladder to allow people to climb into the lifeboat from the water. As a rule, the ladder is made removable and stored inside the boat.

On the outside, along the sides of the boat, above the waterline (within reach of a person in the water), a handrail or lifeline is installed.

If the boat is not self-righting, then the same handrails should be installed in the lower part of the hull so that people can hold on to the overturned boat.

If the ship has partially enclosed lifeboats, their davits must be equipped with a toprik with at least two life pins attached to it.

Toprik - a cable stretched between the ends of the davits.

Rescue pendant - a vegetable or synthetic rope with musings (knots), used as an emergency means for lowering from the side of a ship into a boat or into the water.

Signal light

A signal light with a manual switch is installed on the top of the closure, giving a constant or flashing (50-70 flashes per minute) white light. The battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours.

Emergency lighting

Inside the boat, a light source is installed at the top to provide sufficient illumination for reading instructions. The battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours.

Device for fastening a towing painter

Located at the bow end of the boat. This device must be capable of release under load (during towing) from inside the boat.

Autonomous air supply system

Lifeboats with an independent air supply system must be arranged in such a way as to ensure normal operation of the engine when the inlets and openings are closed. at least 10 minutes. At the same time, the air must remain safe and breathable.

Such boats are usually installed on ships where an accident could make the atmosphere around the ship unbreathable.

An autonomous air supply system is usually based on the use of compressed air cylinders equipped with indicators that allow the pressure of the supplied air to be adjusted.

Marking of the air supply system starting device

Fire resistance

Fireproof boats are usually installed on ships where an accident could lead to a spill and fire around the ship of oil or petroleum products. Since when on fire the atmosphere outside the boat is unsuitable for breathing, such boats have an autonomous air supply system.

Fire tests

Fireproof lifeboats must ensure the safety of the people in them for at least 8 minutes, while on the water in the zone of fire covering it from all sides, and the air temperature at the level of the head of a sitting person should not exceed 60 ° C. You should remember that the permissible time spent in the fire zone is limited and strive to leave the danger zone as soon as possible. If the edge of the fire zone is not visible, then you should go out across the direction of the wind, where there is a higher probability of an early exit from the danger zone, since the oil slick will be pulled along the line of the wind.

Typically, such boats are equipped with a water spray system to increase fire resistance. Seawater is used for irrigation.

The water intake device of the system is located in the lower part of the boat in such a way as to prevent flammable liquids from entering the system from the surface of the water. Next, water under pressure is supplied through external tubes, in which spray nozzles are installed at certain intervals.

Marking of the water irrigation system launcher

Emergency supply

According to the LSA Code, a lifeboat must always contain a certain set of supplies necessary for the survival of people in the event of their abandoning the ship:

1) Means ensuring the operation of boats:

floating oars (except for free-fall boats) in sufficient quantity to ensure propulsion;
2 release hooks;
2 painters;
2 axes (one at each end);
drogue;
means of drainage: floating bailer and 2 buckets;
tools for making minor adjustments to the engine and related devices;
fire extinguisher;
compass.

2) Signaling means

4 red parachute flares;
6 red flares;
2 floating smoke bombs;
an electric waterproof lantern suitable for signaling in Morse code;
spotlight with power source for at least 3 hours;
signal whistle or horn;
table of rescue signals;
radar reflector or radar transponder;
signal mirror (“heliograph”);
at least one boat on each side must have a portable radio.

3) Water and food

Canned drinking water at the rate of 3 liters per person.

The boat can be equipped with a manual watermaker. This could be chemical reagents for binding salts or a vacuum desalination device. In any case, the action of the desalination plant should not depend either on solar energy or on chemical elements other than in sea water.
In this case, the water supply can be reduced by 1 l/person if the desalination plant is able to produce the total amount of water within two days.

food ration based on 10,000 kJ per person;
fishing equipment.

4) Medicines and medical supplies

first aid kit;
seasickness tablets with a duration of action of at least 48 hours per person;
one hygiene bag per person.

5) Fishing accessories

The LSA Code does not establish a list of fishing equipment. Usually the kit includes: fishing line, hooks, spoons, synthetic baits.

6) Other supplies:

thermal protective equipment in the amount of 10% of the estimated number of people, but not less than 2 units;
stainless steel ladle with pin;
stainless steel graduated drinking vessel;
jackknife;
3 can openers;
2 life rings with a floating line no less than 30 m long;
instructions for preserving life on lifeboats

The locations of emergency supplies may differ between different models of lifeboats. However, these differences are minor because the pursuit of optimal placement produces similar results. The following figure may serve as an example of emergency supply placement:

Diagram of the design and location of the emergency supply of a free-fall lifeboat:

1) 1 floating scoop 2) 2 buckets 3) 2 axes 4) 1 container with signaling equipment: 6 flares; 4 parachute rockets; 2 floating smoke bombs, orange; 1 signal mirror; 1 folding knife with can opener and peeling blade; 1 electric torch with 1 spare lamp and 2 spare batteries 5) 2 can openers 6) 1 fire extinguisher 7) 1 set of fishing equipment 8) 1 whistle 9) 5 liter containers with drinking water(3 liters per person) 10) food ration (one package per person) 11) 2 drinking cups 12) sea anchor 13) 2 painters, 15 m long, 14 mm in diameter 14) 2 life rings with buoyant lines, 30 m long , 8 mm in diameter 15) 1 first aid kit for lifeboats with anti-sea sickness medication (6 doses per person)

16) 1 compass 17) 1 manual bilge pump 18) 1 radar reflector 19) diesel fuel 20) 2 jump hooks 21) 1 search light 22) heat protectants 23) 1 survival/distress instructions 24) 1 landing ladder Loose equipment: 25) 1 seat/fuel tank key 26) 1 set of lifting straps 27) 1 emergency tiller 28) 2 stretcher straps Engine spare parts: 29) 1 V-belt 30) 1 fuel filter 31) 1 pump impeller 32) 1 oil filter 33) 1 tool kit 34) 1 oil drain pump

Housing design

There are a number of requirements for the design of the housing, some of which are listed below:

1) All lifeboats must be of sufficient strength to:

· they could be safely launched when loaded with their full complement of people and supplies; And

· they could be launched and towed at forward speed of the vessel at a speed of 5 knots in calm water.

2) The lifeboat hull must be rigid and made of non-combustible or non-combustible material.

3) The boat must have a closure on top that protects people from environmental influences:

· If the closure is completely rigid, then such a boat is closed type boat.

· If the closure part is a soft awning, then such a boat is partially enclosed boat. In this case, the bow and stern ends must be protected for at least 20% of the length by rigid closure elements. The awning is usually made of two layers of waterproof fabric with an air layer. When open, the awning is rolled up and secured above the entrance.

Passenger ships can be equipped with both types of boats, and cargo ships can only be equipped with closed type boats (SOLAS-74 Chapter III rules 21 and 31).

Placing partially enclosed boats on passenger ships gives a great advantage in the speed of boarding passengers during evacuation.

4) Lifeboats must have a reserve of buoyancy that allows a completely flooded boat with supplies and people in it to stay afloat.

This additional buoyancy is provided by lightweight floating materials that are resistant to sea water and oil products. These buoyancy features are usually located along the inside perimeter of the boat under the seats.

5) Lifeboats must be stable when filled with 50% of the number of persons permitted to accommodate them, seated in a normal position on one side of its centreline.

6) Enclosed lifeboats must be self-righting when capsized.

Capsizing can occur, for example, under the impact of a collapsing wave crest, which is most likely when the boat enters the wave deformation zone in shallow water.

Boat equipment

Diagram of a fireproof lifeboat launched on paddles

Seating places.

Seats are equipped on transverse and longitudinal banks or fixed seats. The method of fitting the seats is usually related to the type of boat.

	Layout of seats in a boat lowered on paddles In a boat lowered on slings, most of the seats are equipped on cans located along the sides (with their backs to the side). On large-capacity boats, when the width allows, additional seats can be equipped on the longitudinal banks in the middle (facing the side), or on the transverse banks.
	Layout of seats in a free-fall boat In free-fall boats, seats with backs and headrests are installed. They are installed in transverse rows so that people sit facing the stern, which ensures that the backrest takes on the inertia of a person when the boat enters the water.

Fully enclosed boats require the seats to be equipped with seat belts.

Engine

Every lifeboat must be equipped with an internal combustion engine. Lifeboats are equipped with compression ignition engines that meet the following requirements:

1) The engine is capable of operating for at least 5 minutes from the moment of starting in a cold state when the boat is out of the water.

2) The speed of a boat in calm water with a full complement of people and equipment must be at least 6 knots, and at least 2 knots when towing a life raft of the largest capacity installed on a given vessel, loaded with a full complement of people and equipment.

3) The fuel supply must be sufficient to operate the engine at full speed for 24 hours.

Drainage

1) The boat must be either self-draining or have a hand pump to remove water.

2) The lifeboat must be equipped with a release valve.

Drain valve(one or two depending on the size of the boat) is installed in the lower part of the bottom of the boat for releasing water. The valve opens automatically when the boat is out of the water and automatically closes when the boat is afloat. Typically this task is performed by a float type valve.

Each drain valve is equipped with a cap or plug to close it, attached with a pin or chain next to the valve.

When storing the boat on board a ship, the release valve must be open to allow any water that enters the boat to drain away.

When preparing the boat for launching, the valve must be closed with a cap or plug.

Access to the boat

The entrances to the lifeboat are made on both sides and are of such dimensions and position that it is possible to lift helpless people aboard the boat, both from the water and on stretchers.

The lifeboat is designed and positioned in such a way that all people assigned to the boat can board it:

on a passenger ship - within no more than 10 minutes after the command to land is given; on a cargo ship - within no more than 3 minutes after the landing command is given.

The lifeboat must have a boarding ladder to allow people to climb into the lifeboat from the water. As a rule, the ladder is made removable and stored inside the boat.

On the outside, along the sides of the boat, above the waterline (within reach of a person in the water), a handrail or lifeline is installed.

If the boat is not self-righting, then the same handrails should be installed in the lower part of the hull so that people can hold on to the overturned boat.

If the ship has partially enclosed lifeboats, their davits must be equipped with a toprik with at least two life pins attached to it.

Toprik- a cable stretched between the ends of the davits.

Rescue pendant- a vegetable or synthetic rope with musings (knots), used as an emergency means for lowering from the side of a ship into a boat or into the water.

Signal light

Emergency lighting

Inside the boat, a light source is installed at the top to provide sufficient illumination for reading instructions. The battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours.