Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Population of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug

There is a district in the Arctic zone of the West Siberian Plain. It is called Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It belongs to one of the regions of the Far North. It is currently located on the eastern slope of the Ural Range, beyond the Arctic Circle.

This subject of the Russian Federation is now located on the territory of the Tyumen region. The administrative, regional center of the district is Salekhard. The area of ​​the Autonomous Okrug is 800,000 kilometers. It is several times larger than the entire territory of Spain or France. The Yamal Peninsula is the most extreme continental point; its location is reflected on the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with cities and towns.

The border is clearly marked on the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, it passes next to Yugra - Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic, and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is washed by the waters of the Kara Sea.

The climate is harsh continental. It is determined by the abundance of lakes, bays, rivers, the presence of permafrost and the proximity of the cold Kara Sea. Winter lasts quite a long time, more than six months. In summer, strong winds blow and sometimes snow falls.

The region occupies a leading place in Russia in terms of oil, hydrocarbon and natural gas reserves. The map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug shows deposits located on the territory of Urengoy, the Nakhodka Peninsula and in the Arctic Circle.

Distinctive features. The words of Marina Khlebnikova’s song are well suited to the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug:

Cold weather warms you up and beckons you with the warmth of home

You buy me a palace, and I'll go back again

And the white, white snow will make me feel good

Indeed, despite the long winter, snow and frost, there is a lot of pleasant things in the life of the residents of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. This is northern romance, high salaries, good social protection, low levels of environmental pollution, and a relatively low level of crime. It is not for nothing that in 2013 Novy Urengoy became second, and Noyabrsk became 13th in our ranking of Russian cities most suitable for living.

Stella "Arctic Circle" in Salekhard. Photo by tanihiola (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/tanihiola/)

Serious development of the lands of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug began in the late 60s of the last century. In a matter of years, modern cities with developed infrastructure grew here, where stern but romantic people lived. Thanks to gas production in the north and oil production in the south of the district, as well as highways transporting gas and oil, it has become one of the most economically developed regions of Russia.

In addition to workers on gas and oil rigs, scientists also come here. The indigenous population - the Nenets (Samoyeds) - are a very interesting people, with their own culture, customs, and beliefs. Historical and local history museums operate in the cities, documentaries are made about the peoples of the North, and their spiritual leaders-shamans, bearers of the wisdom of past generations of these peoples. Despite the nearby cities with the benefits of 21st century civilization, many tribes continue to live like their ancestors a hundred or two hundred years ago: they lead a nomadic lifestyle, hunting, fishing and breeding deer.

Geographical location. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located in the north of the West Siberian Plain and is part of the Ural Federal District. The northern coast of the district is washed by the waters of the Kara Sea. On the map of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Yamal Peninsula especially stands out, the entire eastern coast of which is washed by one of the largest bays of the Arctic - the Gulf of Ob, with a length of about 800 km.

The neighbors of the district are: in the east - the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the south - the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, in the west - the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region. Most of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located beyond the Arctic Circle. The entire territory of the district belongs to the regions of the Far North.

The largest river in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the Ob. Other large rivers are Nadym and Taz. The landscape of the district is quite diverse. In the west these are the eastern slopes of the Ural ridge, in the north there is tundra, turning into forest-tundra as you move to the south.

Population Yamalo-Nenets District - 541.6 thousand people. 70% of them are people of working age. The region is characterized by very high fertility and low mortality. Natural population growth +11.4 people. per 1000 inhabitants.

Nadym: “And it’s better on deer!” Photo by dim.kapishev (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/dim-kapishev/)

Russians make up 60% of the district's population. In second place are Ukrainians (9.37%), in third are Nenets (5.89%). The population is constantly growing due to migrants who come here in search of well-paid work. Meanwhile, others, who have already earned enough money, leave the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, moving to the south - to Tyumen or Moscow/St. Petersburg. It is not for nothing that Yamal is called the Russian Klondike - people come here in search of luck, and those who are lucky return back in triumph.

Crime. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is in 28th place in the ranking of regions in terms of crime level. Of course, big money also attracts criminals of all stripes, especially organized crime groups. No wonder they decided to make Novy Urengoy a closed city. Among other problems, it is worth noting drug trafficking. It is especially developed here, and the level of drug addiction in northern cities is very high.

Unemployment rate in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug one of the lowest - 0.58%. And the average salary is one of the highest (RUB 63,132). But even here, the distribution of salaries across industries is uneven. There are also those where this value is below 20 thousand rubles per month. And the highest salaries in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are in the field of extraction of fuel and energy minerals (who would doubt it!) - 93 thousand rubles. and in the production of petroleum products - 92 thousand rubles. per month.

Property value in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is one of the highest in Russia. At least in Novy Urengoy it is 103 thousand rubles per sq. m. meter. To buy the simplest one-room apartment here, you need to shell out at least 4 million rubles. In the suburbs of the city, prices are much lower - about 1.8 million rubles. Two-room apartments in the city are much more expensive: 5.6 - 9 million rubles, “three rubles” 7 - 12 million rubles.

Climate The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is harsh, sharply continental. Cold Arctic air masses from the north easily come here, but humid air masses from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans practically do not reach here. The average January temperature is −20°C, but frosts reach −30°C and even −50°C. Summer here is short - 50 days, but temperatures can reach +30°C. The amount of precipitation in summer is 140…150 mm. Thanks to the dry climate, frosts are tolerated much more easily here, which cannot be said about the heat.

Cities of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Salekhard- the administrative center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, located near the confluence of the Ob River into the Ob Bay. And although this is not the largest city in the region (population - 46.6 thousand people), we will begin the story about the cities of the district with it, after all, the capital. Translated from Nenets, its name means “city on a cape.” We don’t know how “city on the Arctic Circle” will be written in Nenets, but such a name would be quite suitable for Salekhard, thanks to its location.

The history of Salekhard begins in 1595, when the Cossacks founded the Obdorsky fort here. There are no large industrial enterprises here, so everything is fine with the environment in the city, as well as with the cleanliness of the streets. But there are problems with the Internet here - it is quite expensive, since fiber optics have not yet been installed. According to Rostelecom, fast Internet will come to Salekhard in April 2014.

- the largest city of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the gas capital of Russia. Population - 116.5 thousand people. Novy Urengoy is considered one of the best cities to live in Russia. Here, in some miraculous way, a high level of wages and social protection, a good environmental situation and a low level of crime are combined. Of course, the climate is what spoils the whole picture of Novy Urengoy, turning the city from paradise into an icy hell in winter. But you can get used to this, because the heating here is good, and the gas around is like snow. It is in Urengoy that the largest gas production enterprises in Russia, part of OJSC Gazprom, are located. For some time now, Novy Urengoy has been a closed city, which makes it possible to improve the crime situation.

(population - 108 thousand people) - the second largest city in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Founded in 1976, located in the very south of the district, on the border with Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The basis of the city's economy is oil production enterprises, and there are also enterprises for gas production and maintenance of oil and gas pipelines. Today Noyabrsk is also developing as a tourist center. There are many attractions here, including the largest cathedral mosque in the Tyumen region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Nadym(46.8 thousand people) - this settlement has been known since the end of the 16th century. After the revolution, a reindeer herding state farm was created here, and in the 60s, gas production began on these lands. It was with him that the development of the natural resources of the north of Western Siberia began. Thanks to the Medvezhye gas field, the small village has turned into a whole city, with modern high-rise buildings, where reindeer sled races are held on the wide streets in winter. Nadym is considered one of the most beautiful cities in the Far North; in 2002 it received the title “The Most Comfortable City in Russia.” Today Nadym is the center of gas and oil production and gas transportation in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a national state entity. The district was created on December 10, 1930. As an equal subject, the district is part of the Russian Federation. The administrative center of the district is the city of Salekhard.
The area of ​​the district is 750.3 thousand km2. Its territory could accommodate Spain, Portugal and Greece combined.
The total population of the district is more than 508 thousand people. The most densely populated areas are along railways and river transport arteries. The average population density of the district is less than 1 person per 1 km2. The industrial development of the district in recent decades has contributed to the rapid growth of the urban population (more than 85% of the total number of residents of the district)
Now in the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug there are 8 cities of district subordination - these are Salekhard, Labytnangi, Muravlenko, Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Tarko-Sale and Gubkinsky, 7 urban-type settlements: Korotchaevo, Limbayakha, Pangody, Stary Nadym, Tazovsky, Urengoy, Kharp and 103 small rural settlements.. The number of rural residents is declining due to the transformation of rural settlements into urban ones and as a result of the outflow of population from rural areas. Among rural Yamal settlements, non-agricultural (rotational, oil and gas, transport) and small national settlements (fishing, reindeer herding, hunting) predominate. The number of inhabitants in rural settlements averages 910 people. The presence of mobile settlements of indigenous peoples (pastures, tents, huts) is also characteristic.

SALEKHARD

Salekhard, the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, is a city in Western Siberia, the center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The city is located 2436 kilometers northeast of Moscow and 1982 kilometers north of Tyumen.
The city of Salekhard is located on the Poluyskaya Upland, on the right bank of the Ob River, at its confluence with the Poluy River, near the Arctic Circle, in the permafrost zone. It is the only city in the world located on the Arctic Circle.
The climate here is sharply continental and harsh. Average temperatures in January are from –22 to – 26 degrees, in July - + 4 - +14 degrees. Precipitation is 200 - 400 mm per year.
The nearest railway station is Labytnangi (line to Kotlas) - 20 km from Salekhard, on the opposite bank of the Ob; It is connected with Salekhard in the summer by a river bus, and in the winter by bus.
The population of modern Salekhard is more than 35.5 thousand inhabitants (end of 2002). Of these, 5 thousand 600 are foreigners and 4 thousand 450 are temporary residents.

Historical reference. The city was founded by the Siberian Cossacks more than 400 years ago, or more precisely in 1595, under the name Obdorsk (from the name of the Ob River and the word “dor”, translated from the Komi language - “a place near”, “near something”), however, the Nenets have long been They called the village Sale-Harn, that is, “settlement on the cape.”
In the mid-18th century, merchants came here for fairs, and at the end of the 18th century, the fortress was abolished. Since the 20s of the 19th century, Russians began to settle permanently in Obdorsk.
In the XYII - early XX centuries, Obdorsk became part of the Belozersky district of the Tobolsk province. In 1897, in the settlement of Obdorsk there were 30 houses, 150 trading shops, and there were 500 permanent residents who were mainly engaged in hunting, fishing and trading. At that time the village was famous for its large fairs. Every year from December 15 to January 25, the Obdorsk Fair was held here (the turnover exceeded 100 thousand rubles). During this period of time, the population of the city exceeded several thousand people. Russian traders, mainly from Tobolsk, brought flour, bread, wine, cloth, iron and copper products, tobacco and jewelry, receiving in return furs, fish and fish glue, bird feathers, mammoth ivory and walrus tusks. The monetary unit was mainly considered to be arctic fox skins and paws.
In 1897, a fishing school was founded in the city of Obdorsk.
In December 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug was formed, its center became the city of Obdorsk, and since 1933 it began to be called Salekhard. The village received city status in 1938. This is the first and only city in the Arctic Circle.
Modern Salekhard is a large cultural and industrialized city.

Industry of the city. There is no serious manufacturing industry in the city and therefore the city is always supported by the district. The city industry is represented by: factories - fish canning and dairy, and a house-building plant.
Salekhard is the center of geological exploration expeditions. This is a major transport hub. The Salekhard fish canning plant is the largest in the Tyumen region and is one of the first-born of the industrial development of the north of Western Siberia.
The city of Salekhard is a large river port. 72 years ago (in 1933) the North Ural Trust of the Main Northern Sea Route was created in Salekhard. He is engaged in shipbuilding, fur harvesting, hunting, and timber exports.
In the city of Salekhard, a mink fur farm has been operating since 1951, where fur animals are bred - arctic foxes, nutria and minks
There is also a modern airport, the grand opening of which took place on May 31, 2000. “Iron Birds” fly to many cities in Russia and even abroad (for example, to the city of Budapest. It is also planned to carry out flights to Cyprus and Turkey).
Air communication with the capital of the Tyumen region, the city of Tyumen, was opened back in 1935; in 1937, the first regular air line Salekhard - New Port began operating.
A recently built highway connected the regional capital with other cities and towns of Yamal.

Cultural life of the city. There are five secondary specialized educational institutions in the district center: a pedagogical college, a veterinary technical school, a school of culture and art, a trade school, and the oldest medical school in the country. The medical school has a preparatory department for indigenous northerners.
In 1932, the oldest national pedagogical college in Yamal was opened, which over the years has trained many excellent teaching staff.
In Salekhard there is a local history museum, where local arts and crafts are collected - bone carving, bead jewelry, embroidery and appliqué (a design made using scraps of various materials) on fur, leather and cloth.
In 1990, the city of Salekhard was included in the list of historical cities. A protected historical zone has been created in the city, because there are many buildings of historical and architectural value.

Sports life of the city. Salekhard is a sports city, here almost every resident goes in for sports. This is facilitated by a large number of cultural and sports institutions in the city. The Ice Palace, which recently opened its doors to lovers of active recreation, is very popular. There are so many sections there, and so many competitions that haven’t been held here!
On April 9, 2001, a polar chess school named after world chess champion Anatoly Karpov was opened in the city of Salekhard. Nowadays, chess competitions are held here every year. There is a tennis club in the city with the beautiful name “Polar” (this is a veteran’s club, more than 30 people participate in it). Members of the club - Vladimir Medvedev, Viktor Chikhirev and others - took part in the Russian personal championship and took 8 prizes. There is a children's and youth sports school here, which has trained a lot of sports personnel.
For ski lovers, a ski base has been created in the city, where there is an excellent illuminated ski track and equipped buildings for recreation.
Republican championships in national sports are held annually in the capital of the district; they have been held since 1974. This proves that Yamal pays great attention to national sports.

In recent years, the ancient city of Salekhard, which no one has occupied for more than 400 years, can be said to have been born again. Currently, it has become a major cultural and industrial center, with modern, comfortable houses.
The appearance of the district capital is constantly changing, there is a lot of construction going on there and colossal work is being done to improve the urban area. The city amazes today's average citizen with its architectural sophistication and uniqueness. The city has great prospects and plans for the future; according to the leaders of the city and district, it will be a city designed for 40 thousand residents.

Truly, the age of Siberian cities is considerable. And our city is one of the oldest among them.
Yes, it is comparable in age to Siberian cities. However, it is not comparable - not only with Siberian, but also with all other cities of the world - in terms of its geographical location. Salekhard (formerly Obdorsk) is the only city in the world located directly on the Arctic Circle. The only one... But he is not spoiled by Mother Russia.
The city grew slowly, as if looking with disbelief at the rapid development of its Siberian sister cities, older and younger, which survived the whirlpool of history and disappeared in it. He didn’t want the latter, but rushing towards the former, wanting to survive in life, he was modest and unfussy. He lived with dignity, maintaining a sense of proportion in everything: both in humility and in self-awareness.
The date of birth of Obdorsk is called differently in many sources: in some – 1592 or 1593, and in others – 1595. The difference, of course, in the scale of history is insignificant. Besides Each of the mentioned dates certainly has the right to exist. It all depends on what is considered the foundation of Obdorsk: the arrival of the Cossacks in the lower reaches of the Poluy, the construction of a small winter hut near its confluence with the Ob, or the emergence here of a solid – by the standards of that time – fortification.
Time passed as usual...
And now Salekhard is increasingly gaining strength as the capital of a powerful gas and oil country. It is becoming a real Russian outpost, coordinating the supply of powerful flows of hydrocarbon raw materials not only on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also abroad. Salekhard residents have something to be proud of...

In recent years, our ancient city, one might say, , born again. Literally before our eyes, new five-story buildings are rising, modern highways are being laid, a modern airport has been built, and the entire infrastructure of the Yamal capital is rapidly developing. Salekhard's second youth, which came to him as a result of intensive construction, amazes today's average person with its architectural thoughtfulness and originality. Keep it up, Salekhard!

//Yamal Meridian.-2000.-No.9.-P.24-25

SALEKHARD, center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, 2436 km to the north-east. from Moscow and 1982 km north of Tyumen. Located on the Poluyskaya Upland, on the right bank of the river. Ob, at the confluence of the river. Poluy, near the Arctic Circle, in the permafrost zone. The climate is sharply continental and harsh. Average January temperatures from -22 to - 26°C, July 4-14°C. Precipitation is 200-400 mm per year. Nearest railway station - Labytnangi (line to Kotlas) - 20 km from Salekhard, on the opposite bank of the Ob; It is connected with Salekhard in the summer by a river bus, and in the winter by bus. River port. Airport. Population 30.6 thousand people (1992; 13 thousand in 1939; 17 thousand in 1959; 22 thousand in 1970; 25 thousand in 1979). Founded in 1595 as a Cossack fortress (at that time the northernmost in Siberia) under the name. Obdorsk (from the name of the Ob river and the word “dor”, translated from the Komi language - a place near, near something), however, the Nenets have long called the village Sale-Kharn, i.e. a settlement on the cape. From the middle of the 18th century. merchants came here for fairs; at the end of the 18th century. the fortress was abolished. Since the 20s 19th century Russians began to settle permanently in Obdorsk. In the 18th - early 20th centuries. became part of the Berezovsky district of the Tobolsk province. In 1897 in Obdorsk there were 30 houses, 150 trading shops, there were 500 permanent residents who were mainly engaged in hunting, fishing and trade; Every year from December 15 to January 25, the Obdorsk Fair was held (turnover exceeded 100 thousand rubles); During this period, the population of Obdorsk increased to several thousand people. Russian traders (mainly from Tobolsk) brought flour, bread, wine, cloth, iron and copper products, tobacco and jewelry, receiving in return furs, fish and fish glue, bird feathers, mammoth ivory and walrus tusks. In 1897, a fishing school was founded in Obdorsk. In 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets National District was formed, the center of which was Obdorsk; Since 1933 it has been called Salekhard. The city - since 1938. In modern Salekhard: factories - fish canning, dairy; house-building plant. Timber transshipment base. Salekhard is the organizational center of geological exploration expeditions. Museum of Local Lore (on display are artistic products of local craftsmen: bone carving, embroidery and appliqué on fur, leather and cloth - “malevu”).
Near Salekhard there are sites of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (2-1st millennium BC).

//Cities of Russia: encyclopedia. – M.:
Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1994. – P.391.

Salekhard(Salyahard), a city on the right bank of the Ob near the Arctic Circle and the mouth of the river. Poluy, center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. At the end of the 16th century. in this place was the Obdorsky Nosovoy town, which belonged to the Khanty (Ostyaks). They, according to G.F. Miller, called it Puling-avat-vash - “Poluy Nose Town.” The Nenets (Samoyeds) called it Salia Garden, which translated meant the same thing: “Nose (Cape) Town.” or “City on the nose (cape).” The Komi-Zyryans of the land adjacent to the mouth of the Ob called obdor, i.e. “a place near the Ob” or “the mouth of the Ob” (dor - “a place near something”, “the mouth "). Already in one of the charters of the early 16th century, Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich is called the Prince of Kondinsky and Obdorsky. Therefore, the Ostyak Nosovoy town was often called the Obdorsky Nosovoy town. The Russians, developing the lower reaches of the Ob, built the Obdorsky fort on this strategically advantageous place in 1595 , which they often called Nosovy Gorodok. Therefore, a complex name was used - “from Obdor from Nosovy Gorodok.” In 1933, Obdorsk was renamed Salekhard, from the Nenets sale - “cape”, hard - “house”, “settlement”, i.e. “settlement on the cape”. In 1938, Salekhard became a city.

//Atlas of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. – Omsk, 2004.- P.296

In 1953, near the mouth of the Northern Sosva, on the site of the Ostyak yurts of Sumgut-vozh, the fortress-fortress Berezov was founded by governor Nikifor Trakhaniotov. The Ostyaks and Voguls, who previously depended on Vymy, were assigned to the new town. In 1595, under the leadership of the same Berezovsky governor N. Trakhaniotov, it was cut down Obdorsky fort. The northern Ostyaks and Samoyeds, charged with yasak, brought tribute to the Obdorsky town of the Cossacks sent from Berezov. In the “Drawing Book of Siberia” by S. Remezov, the Obdorsky fort is depicted extremely schematically: four triangles - the tent coverings of the fortress towers and a church with a bell tower. At the mouth of the Poluy River, “the yurts of Prince Taisha Gindin and his comrades” are indicated, and on the Kunovat River - the yurts of “Prince Danilko Gorin”. In the “Description of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty” it is said about Obdorsk: “Abdorsky fort 1, by the Poluya River on the right bank on the mountain, in it there is a church, a quadrangular fortress, fenced off with a standing fence, two roadways and two northern corners of the tower, surrounded by slingshots, in which there is for caution against... wild peoples, two cannons, some gunpowder and buckshot. And they are sent from Berezov to an annual guard with one Cossack foreman, 12 people each, in which baptized and unbaptized Ostyaks and nomadic Samoyeds gather in the Obdorsky volost in November and December to the position of tribute, and in the first days of January they migrate.”

//Yamal: the edge of centuries and millennia. – Salekhard, 2000. - P.333.

OBDORSK FORTRESS, fortification structure. Replaced by Obdorsky fort after gen. reconstruction in 1731. Unlike the fort, the O.K. had powerful double walls with loopholes, floors and a roof. In the center of the O.K. there was a voivode's house, an official hut with a treasury. premises, amanat hut. A new church of St. Basil the Great with a chapel of St. Nicholas of Myra and a bell tower was erected. In O.K. there were streets along which “tenants’ houses” were located; there were many barns, there was a treasury. bathhouse, bread hut, barracks, teahouses. Ostyats yurts were located in O.K. and Samoyeds, princes and princes. Huts and yurts were also installed from the outside. side O. K. Garrison originally composed. 50 yearlings, in 1754 it was increased to 100 people. By the end of the 18th century. O.K. began to decline. The number of households was reduced to 5. In 1799 they stopped sending yearlings; the guns were dismantled and taken to Tobolsk. In 1807, by order of the Tobolsk governor A. M. Kornilov, the fortress became dilapidated. walls and towers were demolished. O.K. ceased to exist, and the remaining village. received a new status - p. Obdorskoye (Obdorsk).

in 3 volumes. T. 2. – Tyumen: Tyumen State University Publishing House, 2004. – P.221.

OBDORSK FOREIGN GOVERNMENT, organized in the 40s of the XIX century. In the administrative territorial in relation to the Obdorsk non-Russian volost. At the head of the council were representatives of the princely dynasty of the Taishins - Matvey Yakovlevich and Ivan Matveevich. Since the 50s of the 19th century. the council was attended by “one of the elders closest to Obdorsk, chosen by the prince.” In 1858, the council of the Main Administration. Zap. Siberia recognized it as necessary for the head-prince to be elected “from the people.” In 1865 O. and. u. divided into Obdorsk Ostyak and Obdorsk Samoyed councils. Both councils were located in Obdorsk, located in the same premises. The office work of both councils was managed by a common clerk.

//Yamal: encyclopedia of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
in 3 volumes. T. 2. – Tyumen: Tyumen State University Publishing House, 2004. – P. 221.

GUBKINSKY

Gubkinsky- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. A municipal entity is a city of district subordination. The city is located two hundred kilometers from the Arctic Circle, on the left bank of the Pyaku-Pur River, 16 km from the Purpe station on the Tyumen - Surgut - Novy Urengoy railway. It is connected to the “Big Land” by a highway; the nearest airport is 250 km away in the city of Noyabrsk.

Historical reference. The city of Gubkinsky arose as a base center in connection with the industrial development of a group of the northernmost oil and gas fields in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, promising in terms of reserves and distinguished by unique properties. At the beginning of 1986, troops landed on an almost empty place to build the Gubkinsky gas processing plant and a city that did not even have an exact name.
The history of the city of Gubkinsky begins on April 22, 1986, on the birthday of V.I. Lenin, when specialists, workers and builders gathered for a meeting on the occasion of the founding of a new city called Purpe (a memorial stone dedicated to this event was installed on the central square of the city), but the city later became known as Gubkinsky.
The name of the city was not easy. At first they wanted to give it the name Tarasovsky - after the name of the first field being developed, but this hasty (in a good way) initial version could not withstand the competition with two other names - Purpe and Gubkinsky, and the main struggle unfolded between them.
By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated April 18, 1988, the village on the territory of the Purpeisky village council of the Purovsky district was given the name Gubkinsky (the city has now left the Purovsky district).
The settlement of oil and gas workers Gubkinsky received city status on December 2, 1996.
According to its geographical location, Gubkinsky is located in the northeastern part of the West Siberian Lowland in the forest-tundra zone, which here is represented by larch and coniferous open forests (birch, willow, pine, cedar, larch), peat bogs, swamps with moss-lichen cover. There is an abundance of berries in the forests and swamps: cloudberries, cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, princeling, as well as many porcini and other mushrooms. The animal world is very diverse and interesting. The local forests are inhabited by: flying squirrel, mountain hare, chipmunk, brown bear, elk, wolf, fox, wolverine, marten, sable, lynx, weasel, ermine, badger, otter, muskrat... Wild deer enters the taiga from the north. Families of birds are widely represented: capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, pine pine, and many waterfowl. All animals are of hunting and commercial importance. The abundance of food and spawning grounds favors the reproduction of fish - the rivers and surrounding lakes are rich in valuable species.
According to the schematic map of climatic zoning, the territory of the city of Gubkinsky belongs to the first uncomfortable climatic zone, which is characterized by harsh, long winters and short summers: the absolute minimum is minus 61°C, the absolute maximum is plus 34°C.
The total area of ​​the city is 7220 hectares. Of these, 45% are forests; 36.4% - reservoirs (rivers, lakes, swamps); the remaining 18.4% is under residential, industrial, communal, warehouse development and personal plots, including 1.7% occupied by transport communications.
The most important development potential of the city is its multinational population - people of 37 nationalities live in the city of Gubkinsky.
Over the past ten years, the population of the municipality has grown rapidly, largely due to migration, and to date it has reached the optimal value for the city of 21.1 thousand people. The average age of Gubkin residents is 29 years, and the birth rate exceeds the death rate by 2.8 times. In general, the demographic structure of the city favors economic recovery. In the city of Gubkinsky, 776 enterprises are registered, representing almost all sectors of the economy (industry, culture, art, agriculture, communications, finance, credit, trade, etc.)

Industry of the city. A distinctive feature of the city's economy is the clear majority of oil and gas industry enterprises, which together produce up to 97% of industrial output. The oil and gas production industry is represented by the open joint-stock company Rosneft-Purneftegaz of the vertically integrated company Rosneft, which is the main city-forming enterprise of the city and produces about 65% of the company's total production.
Processing of associated gas is carried out by OJSC Gubkinsky Gas Processing Complex, where the associated gas resources of the Tarasovskoye and Barsukovskoye fields of OJSC Rosneft-Purneftegaz are used as raw materials. The enterprise produces dry gas, stable gasoline, oxygen, antifreeze, and propane.
The commissioning of the Gubkinskoye gas field in 1999 marked the beginning of the development of the gas production industry, which is represented by the enterprise ZAO Purgaz.
In addition, a branch of Noyabrskgazdobycha LLC of Gazprom OJSC is deployed in the city - the Komsomolsk gas field, which produces 29 billion m3 of natural gas per year, which is 61% of the total gas production of Noyabrskgazdobycha.
Subsoil exploration, field geophysical research and perforation and blasting work in wells of oil and gas fields is carried out by the Purneftegeofizika Municipal Unitary Enterprise.
The city’s economy employs 24.8 thousand people, including 14.2 thousand permanent residents; the rest work on a rotational basis.
The city is getting better and better every year. The work is being carried out in accordance with the adopted “Comprehensive City Improvement Program”.

Education. Taking into account that the average age of the population is less than 30 years, local governments pay special attention to the education and cultural system
The city has 6 preschool educational institutions with 1,125 places, 8 secondary schools, the Northern Lights folk dance school, the Olympus sports school for children and youth, a vocational school, including an interschool training center. A branch of the Udmurt State University has been opened in the city with various levels of education: secondary specialized and higher education; forms of education - full-time and part-time. Thus, the city has developed a system of continuous education: kindergarten - school - college - college - university.
Informatization of education has made it possible to reach a qualitatively new level of management of the educational process and to effectively use new pedagogical technologies.

Issues of health protection and restoration growing Gubkin residents are a priority. Sanatorium groups for tubi-infected children were opened at the Skazka preschool educational institution and a special general education correction school for children with developmental disabilities (120 students); Physical therapy groups have been created at the Youth Sports School.
General medical care for the city population is provided by the municipal health care institution "City Hospital" with a hospital complex with 283 beds and all specialized departments. The city employs 87 doctors of all specialties and 297 paramedical personnel, more than 70% of whom have qualified categories. Over the past years, the Gubkin hospital, which recently celebrated its 15th anniversary, has been known for one of the best treatment indicators in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Cultural life of the city. The city authorities pay great attention to supporting cultural and national traditions. The network of cultural institutions is widely developed: three cultural and sports complexes: “Neftyanik”, “Fakel” and “Olympus”, a recording studio, a centralized library system, including three libraries (including a computer one), a municipal art workshop. The city has the only Museum of Northern Development in the region, two children's art schools, and a youth center. Two years ago, the public organization of Gubkin writers and poets “Gubkinsky Spring” was born in the city. The city has 62 writers and poets, the youngest of whom is 9 years old, the most mature is 72 years old. The library publishes the city literary almanac "The Taste of Yamal Berries." The city is famous for its folk groups: "Pearl of Yamal", a choir of art school teachers, a song and dance ensemble, an ensemble "Northern Lights", a Tatar-Bashkir group; variety groups: RecSaund and Image.

The city has a television and radio company "Vector", which includes television, radio "Vector Plus" and the newspaper "Vector Inform"; the newspaper "Neftyanik Pripolyaria".

Sports life of the city. Taking into account the extreme living conditions in the Far North and recognizing that diseases are easier to prevent than to treat, the municipality is constantly working to develop a healthy lifestyle among the population, which is facilitated by a network of physical education and sports institutions. For residents of Gubkinsky there are: Youth Sports School (Children and Youth Sports School "Olympus"), the sports club "Vityaz", the ski base "Snezhinka" with artificial lighting of the ski track, the sports and recreation complex "Yamal", the sports and leisure complex "Yunost", the city Fortuna shooting range. Gubkinsky resident Nikolai Chipsanov became the first Russian world karate champion in 2003.

The city of Gubkinsky is a comfortable and beautiful northern city where oil and gas workers live and work. The city looks to the future with confidence.

The city of Gubkinsky is a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities, the Union of Cities of the Arctic and the Far North.

LABYTNANGI

- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. It is located 20 km from the capital of the district, Salekhard. The city is located on the eastern slopes of the Polar Urals, beyond the Arctic Circle. This is a marina city on the left bank of the Ob River. The population of the city with the villages of Kharp and Polyarny is more than 40 thousand people. Kharp and Polyarny are satellite villages of Labytnangi, the base of the construction industry of the entire district.

Historical reference. Labytnangi is a Khanty phrase. It means “seven larches”. It is known from Khanty folklore that the number “seven” has magical powers. Larch is a sacred tree for the indigenous population, so seven larches are a doubly sacred concept. Previously, this was a settlement of Khanty reindeer herders living in temporary dwellings - chums. The village received city status on August 5, 1975 (this is the first workers' village in Yamal to receive city status).
In 1975, it was a small village with 11 thousand inhabitants. There were two industrial enterprises here: a timber depot, which employed about two thousand people, and a basic refrigerator for the fishing industry - there were 150 jobs there. The city had one school and a small hospital.
The settlement was given new life by the railroad that came here - the brainchild of Stalin's Gulag. Thanks to this road, the city became a springboard for the development of the Urengoy, Yamburg and other major gas fields. In 1986, the construction of a new Labytnangi-Bovanenkovo ​​railway began and is now almost completed.” It is the northernmost railway in the world. Built for the development of the Bovanenkovskoye gas field. A comfortable railway station building was also built.

Industry of the city. Modern Labytnangi is a timber transshipment base, a laboratory of the Institute of Animal and Plant Ecology of the Ural Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Wood from here is sent to the mines of Vorkuta and Donbass, to Moldova, Krasnodar, the Moscow region, the Baltic states, Belarus and even abroad - to England, Finland, Hungary.
The city's industry is represented by such large enterprises as Yamalneftegazzhelezobeton OJSC. It is a city-forming enterprise. The following enterprises operate in the city of Labytnangi: Municipal Unitary Enterprise “Labytnangi Dairy Factory” (June 1988), bakery (October 1993)

Cultural life of the city. The cultural space of the city is very large. This is evidenced by the fact that more than 250 holidays are held in the city. There are 15 cultural institutions operating here.
Among the cultural and general educational institutions in the city there are: the city library (opened in 1998), a children's art school (opened in 1998), the House of Culture “30 Years of Victory” (opened in 1975), which includes the Center of National Cultures, 11 preschool educational institutions (more than 1.5 thousand children attend them), 10 secondary schools, a Children's Creativity Center, the only press club for teenagers in Yamal, an orphanage (it was given the status of a “City Experimental Site”), and a city museum. The funds of the city museum contain unique exhibits about the history of the North, about the development of those places where the city of Labytnangi is located.
The city is home to several higher educational institutions: the hospital of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (established in 1953 on the initiative of Academician S.S. Schwartz), which marked the beginning of a systematic study of the nature of Yamal. The local newspaper “Vestnik Zapolyarya” is published in Labytnangi (the first issue of the newspaper was published on April 13, 1989). It has had its own television studio since April 1991.

Sports life of the city. Labytnangi is one of the most sporting cities in the district. Sports are given great importance in the city.
The municipality has 2 shooting ranges, one hockey court, one swimming pool, 16 sports clubs, 20 gyms and facilities, a modern ski base, and a ski slope is being built in Kharp. More than 2 thousand people train in the city’s sports arenas.
A whole galaxy of famous athletes grew up here. For example, Luiza Noskova (Cherepanova), who was the first Yamal athletes to become an Olympic champion in Lillehammer, as well as the famous biathlete Albina Akhatova, who became a silver medalist at the Olympic Games in Nagano.
Since 1999, the city has been hosting the Khanty national holidays “Raven Day”, which symbolize the arrival of spring, the awakening of nature and the revival of the traditions and customs of the indigenous peoples of the North.

The city of Labytnangi is not just a base city, but a supporting city of the polar oil and gas complex. This is a base for geologists, seismic surveyors, and a major center for the construction industry. Without him there would be no Urengoy, no Medvezhy, no Yamburg, no other famous giants. This is an advantageous transport hub, which in the future will become an outpost for the development of the Polar Urals. And the city connects all its prospects with the further development of this complex.

MURAVLENKO

Muravlenko- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. The birth of the city is directly connected with another Yamal city - Noyabrsk, from which it is located 95 km.

Historical reference. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on August 6, 1990, the village of Muravlenkovsky (that’s what it was called before) was given the status of a city of district subordination and the name Muravlenko. This is how the name of one of the discoverers of great Siberian oil and gas, the head of Glavtyumenneftegaz, Hero of Socialist Labor Viktor Ivanovich Muravlenko was immortalized. The date of the beginning of the city (then still a small village of Muravlenkovsky) is considered to be November 5, 1984, when the Muravlenkovsky village council was formed. Today the city's population is more than 58 thousand people, representing more than 70 nationalities.

Industry of the city Muravlenko is a city of oil and gas workers. The main city-forming industrial enterprises are the Oil and Gas Production Department "Sutorminskneft", "Muravlenkovskneft", "Sugmutneft". They are engaged in mining. The largest of them is Muravlenkovskoye, opened in 1978.
There is also a gas processing plant (opened in 1987), which employs more than 400 people.

Cultural life of the city. The city's cultural organizations are represented by: the recreation center "Ukraine" with 450 seats (opened in 1988), the city leisure center (there are 11 interest groups), the Children's Art School (opened in 1993), the City Museum of Local Lore (opened in October 1997). ), the Children's Art School, the Children's Music School, the city library system (in total there are 5 libraries in the structure of the Central Library), the "Chance" club (it trains young models).
In addition, since 1996, the Culture and Recreation Park has opened its doors to citizens. The station for young technicians, opened in 1998 (hundreds of children study here in 10 clubs), the communication club “Ant”, and the teenage club “Fakel” are very popular among children.

Education. There are 21 educational institutions in the city with a total number of students of more than 11 thousand people. There is a Center for Pre-University and University Education, on the basis of which representative offices of the Tyumen Oil and Gas University have been created. Currently, the city has 5 secondary schools, 1 primary school, 1 evening school, where more than 7 thousand people study, 11 preschool institutions (there are about 3000 children), 2 additional education institutions, and a training and production plant.
In 2000, a branch of the November Oil and Gas College opened in the city. 467 people study there by correspondence. In addition, the technical school has opened a department where students study accounting, economics and production organization.
There is also a branch of the Tyumen Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering and the Ishim Pedagogical Institute. The preparatory department of the St. Petersburg Institute of Railways prepares for admission to the university.

Muravlenko residents also have their own local newspaper, “Our City,” which covers all city news on its pages, as well as its own local television.
Muravlenko is a young city, so weddings are often celebrated here. This happens in the House of Love and Harmony - that’s what the city calls the registry office, opened on April 10, 1997.
At the service of the townspeople is the City Hospital, which includes 3 clinics - adults, children and dental. It consists of 30 divisions. 940 people work here.

Sports life of the city. Muravlenko is a sports city. Every year more than fifty competitions are held here, in which almost 4 thousand athletes take part.
Sports life is managed by the Department of Physical Culture and Sports, created in 1997. For lovers of active recreation, there is the Yamal sports complex, the Neftyanik sports complex, the Sever and Kashtan gyms, a children's and youth sports school, a ski base, and an indoor hockey court. Six gyms are located in secondary schools. Sports celebrities of the city are Rustam Tashtemirov, he is a prize-winner of the Russian boxing championship, Alexey Velizhanin was a member of the Russian ski team.
The city of Muravlenko is successfully growing and developing. Its appearance was formed, completely in harmony with the environment, economic and social infrastructures, a cultural environment were formed, external and internal relations were established, an appropriate management mechanism was created, and its own traditions began to take shape.

NADYM

Nadym- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. Nadym is the center of the Nadym region. The place where the city is located has long been known for its rich moss pastures, where the Nenets grazed their reindeer. In total, 80 thousand people live in the area.
There are nine villages in the district, including three villages of indigenous people, where more than three thousand people live. Local authorities pay great attention to the preservation and development of their traditional life and economy. This is the first city that appeared on the territory of the district, thanks to the largest natural gas fields discovered in Yamal.
The city of Nadym is located 1225 kilometers from Tyumen and 563 kilometers southeast of Salekhard. Located in the north of Western Siberia, on the Nadym River. The nearest railway station (Labytnangi) is located 583 km from Nadym.
The population of the city, together with the city’s satellite village of Pangody, is more than 60 thousand people (1999). The village of Pangody is located near Nadym. This is a small comfortable village with many hundreds of residents, the majority of whom are young people.

Historical reference. In the mid-60s, in order to accelerate the development of the Medvezhye deposit, a decision was made to establish a city nearby. The development of the field and the construction of the city of Nadym were carried out simultaneously at an unprecedented pace. Every year, half a million square meters of housing were put into operation, and thousands of kilometers of gas pipelines were laid. The small settlement of gas workers, Nadym, was given city status in 1972.

Industry of the city. The city's economy is based on the gas industry. The main enterprise is Nadymgazprom, which conducts the industrial development of the Medvezhye gas field and its satellite fields - Yubileiny and Yamsoveyskoye. There is a large-panel house-building plant in the city.
A system of gas pipelines originates in Nadym, such as the North of the Tyumen region - the Urals - the Volga region - the Center, as well as the Medvezhye Field - Nadym and Nadym - Punga.
A powerful compressor station has been built here. Since 1974, Nadym gas has been supplied to the capital of our Motherland, Moscow. The length of this gas pipeline is 3,000 kilometers (in Soviet times, the length of gas pipelines was no more than 600 kilometers).
The city's industry is represented by a bakery, a pig farm, a dairy plant and many others. There are over 500 trade enterprises in the city
The city of Nadym is connected to the mainland by air, rail and road routes.
Nadym Airport is one of the oldest airports in Russia. Its history begins back in 1969. Now it accepts all types of aircraft, including heavy airliners (Tu-154)
The city of Nadym is often called the northern capital of gas workers, and this is quite fair, because Nadym is a large modern city near the Arctic Circle, it is the pride of the entire Tyumen region.
The city has 7 comfortable microdistricts with a total area of ​​over 200 thousand square kilometers.

Cultural life of the city. Nadym is a fairly large cultural and leisure city.
At the service of citizens and guests of the city: 2 Houses of Culture, a large-format cinema "Pobeda" (the first in the Tyumen region), a television center "Orbita", a House of Culture with 500 seats, a music school and an art school, a House of Nature, a Center for children's creativity, where over 5 thousand people.
There are a large number of monuments in the city: a monument to the writer Nikolai Ostrovsky (opened on September 28, 1980), a monument to pioneers was built in the city center.
The city's educational institutions are represented by: a technical school (provides vocational and technical education to youth), five secondary schools, and a music school. There are 6 branches of regional universities and institutes in other cities of Russia, and there is a research institute of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences for studying the problems of the North.
For little Nadym residents there are 8 wonderful kindergartens, 12 city libraries and much more.
The city also has its own television studio, 7 terrestrial television programs and 27 cable programs.
Nadym, a city that takes several hours to get to from the capital on the fastest airliner, has reliable telephone connections with Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Minsk and many other cities in Russia and neighboring countries.
The city administration pays close attention to environmental issues in order to preserve the unique nature of the Arctic region. Treatment facilities, waste storage sites, waste processing plants and much more are being built.
An example of a caring attitude towards nature is the relict cedar grove in the city center, which is the pride of the townspeople (history shows that the cedar grove was left by the first builders as a monument to the unique northern nature). In winter, this is the most popular illuminated ski slope in the city, and in summer it is a place for walking.
The city newspaper “Worker of Nadym” is the calling card of the city. An interesting, always up-to-date publication, it brings readers on its pages the latest messages from industrial enterprises, construction sites, and talks about the heroes of labor.

Sports life of the city. In a city where the average age of residents is 27 years old, the vast majority of residents are interested in sports. Construction has begun on a swimming pool and a new stadium, there are many outdoor hockey courts, and volleyball, basketball and tennis competitions are held in sports halls. There is a hockey club "Arktur" and a weightlifting section has been created.
The city of Nadym is the base for a scientific and practical conference on the creation of a domestic airship and its use in the development of the North.
The city of Nadym is a small town, but with a well-developed infrastructure. It has a bright future, which is associated with the further development and exploitation of gas and oil fields, for the sake of which it was founded.
New residential buildings and social and cultural facilities continue to be built in the city, and the construction of an Orthodox church is nearing completion.

In the year of its 30th anniversary, the city of Nadym became the winner in the competition for the title “The most comfortable city in Russia” among the cities of the 3rd category of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and took third place among cities in the All-Russian competition in the same category.
The uniqueness of the city, which is called a fairy-tale city among the silent tundra and permafrost, lies in the fact that its birth, formation and thirty-year history created a special cohort of Nadym people, people who dedicated their lives to Nadym, devoted to it and proudly asserting: “We live in the most beautiful and best city." They were able to do a lot. This means that Nadym has a future, and children born here will definitely draw their beloved and hometown of Nadym on a piece of paper with bright colors.

NEW URENGOY

New Urengoy- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. The city is located 450 km east of the district capital of Salekhard.
Novy Urengoy is the second largest city (after Noyabrsk) in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Together with the population of the two villages of Korotchaevo (7 thousand inhabitants) and Limbayakha (2.5 thousand inhabitants), 89.6 thousand inhabitants (2001) live here.
It is located in Western Siberia on the Evo-Yakha River (a tributary of the Pur River), 60 km south of the Arctic Circle.

Historical reference.“Urengoy” is a Nenets word; translated it means “bald hill” or “hill on which larches grow.”

The history of this northern city of oil and gas workers dates back to September 1973. It arose in connection with the development of the Urengoy gas condensate field of the Urengoygazprom Production Association (oil and gas production and processing) - the largest hydrocarbon resource in terms of volume in the Far North. The uniqueness of the emergence of the city and the development of the field lies in the fact that gas workers followed the subsoil explorers, that is, almost on virgin soil. Therefore, the country began to receive Urengoy gas already in April 1978 (the city had not yet crawled out of its rural swaddling clothes). The unusual thing about the development of the Urengoy gas fields is that all gas fields operate fully automatically and practically without people. On August 18, 1975, Novy Urengoy received the status of a village, and on June 16, 1980 - the status of a city. The population is constantly growing because the standard of living of city residents is above the Russian average, especially among gas industry workers.

Novy Urengoy is the largest transport hub of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with a railway to Tyumen and Yamburg, with JSC "Sevtyumentransput", with a highway to Tyumen, with an airport. The highway connects Novy Urengoy with the city of Nadym, Yamburg - a gas settlement on the Tazovsky Peninsula, but from there the only way is to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Ten main pipelines supplying the national economy with natural gas, the Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod export gas pipeline to Western European countries originate from here.

Industry of the city There are over 2,000 organizations in the city, including the country's largest gas production enterprises - Urengoygazprom LLC, Yamburggazdobycha LLC, Northgaz LLC, Promgaz LLC, Promgaz LLC, Gas Condensate and Oil Production LLC, etc. , which account for 74% of gas produced in Russia. There is an experimental plant for the production of building materials, a dairy factory, a wine and vodka factory, and a printing house. A gas chemical complex is being built near the city. There are agricultural cooperatives "Agrarnik" and "Champignon", a city station for the fight against animal diseases. About 600 construction enterprises and organizations are based in the city, incl. OJSC "Urengoygazpromstroy", OJSC "Severstroy", CJSC "Novourengoyneftegazkhimstroy", LLC "Yamalpromzhilstroy", etc. Branches of Zapsibkombank, Gazprombank, joint-stock Gloriabank, Sibneftebank, joint-stock commercial bank "Pripolarny", joint-stock commercial resettlement bank "Compatriots" are registered in Novy Urengoy. , insurance companies and branches of insurance companies.

Healthcare represented by a multidisciplinary hospital, a psychoneurological dispensary, the West Siberian Regional Scientific and Practical Center for Human Health, a dental clinic, a center for aesthetic medicine, an ambulance station, a sanitary and epidemiological inspection center. test

Cultural life of the city. The city has many cultural and sports institutions. There is a museum of fine arts, the Palace of Culture "October", which is a large information and methodological center, and a school local history museum, the exhibition of which presents the entire history of the region. The Center for National Cultures unites clubs of German, Ukrainian, Mari, Nenets, Slavic and Tatar-Bashkir cultures, 2 cultural and sports complexes in the Limbayakha and Korotchaevo microdistricts, a production and art workshop that designs all creative events in the city, an audio studio; the centralized library system consists of 7 branches and 2 city central libraries; There are 3 children's art schools, 3 creative municipal groups: the children's exemplary song and dance ensemble "Shine", an ensemble of folk instruments, a city brass band.

The city operates the television and radio company "Sigma", the regional television and radio broadcasting company "Novy Urengoy", the television and radio information agency "Novy Urengoy-Impulse", the television company "Accent", the advertising agency "M, ART", the state news agency "Nordfact", the editorial office of the city newspaper "Pravda" North".

Education. In Novy Urengoy there are 14 secondary schools, 3 elementary schools, general education and Orthodox gymnasiums, special schools. (correctional) school for children with developmental disabilities, pedagogical and vocational schools, technical school for the gas industry. The city has branches of Moscow universities - the state Open University and the non-state Open Social Sciences. University, Tyumen State University and Tyumen Oil and Gas University. The only school in the Tyumen North with an indoor winter garden was built here, and the first kindergarten with a swimming pool was erected.

Novy Urengoy became a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities, the Union of Cities of the Arctic and the Far North, and on June 19, 1998, Novy Urengoy, as part of the ASDC, joined the Congress of Municipal Entities of the Russian Federation.

NOYABRSK

Noyabrsk- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. This is the southernmost city of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It is located southeast of Salekhard, 1065 km northeast of the city of Tyumen. The city is located in the central part of the picturesque Siberian Uvals, on the watershed of the Ob and Pur rivers, near Lake Tetu-Mamontotyai.
On April 28, 1982, the village of Noyabrsk received city status. Then there were 30 thousand inhabitants, and now there are more than 108 thousand people of more than 100 nationalities. During the existence of the city, 28 thousand young November residents were born here. Noyabrsk is the largest city in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in terms of population.

Historical reference. The city of Noyabrsk was founded in 1975, when the first helicopter landing force landed on the ice of the Ikhu-yakha River, located in the central part of the West Siberian Lowland, to begin the development of the Kholmogorskoye field - the first stage in the development of a new oil region - Noyabrsk. On May 20, 1978, Noyabrskaya station, the first Yamal station on the Surgut-Novy Urengoy railway, received a freight train. A year later, there were already about a hundred organizations and institutions in the village, including a wide variety of departments. The city of Noyabrsk initially had two variants of the name - Khanto (after the name of the lake in the vicinity of the city) and Noyabrsky. We decided: let it be November, since the first landing landed in November. It turns out that the name of the city was chosen according to the weather, according to the calendar.
The city of Noyabrsk, by its geographical location, is the “southern gate” of the district. The Tyumen-Novy Urengoy railway and the highway connecting Noyabrsk with the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug and further with the “mainland” pass through Noyabrsk.
The city has excellent air connections; there is a modern airport capable of receiving heavy-duty aircraft. The airport opened on July 1, 1987. It is called the gateway to the Far North. It is the November branch of Tyumenaviatrans airline. The airport serves oil workers, geologists, power engineers, builders, gas workers; it is constantly located at the epicenter of events, life and activities of the city.
The developed transport system of the city (there are more than 35 thousand cars in the city) makes it possible to provide the south of the region with the material resources necessary for the life support of the cities and towns of the Purovsky district of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where more than 90% of the volume of oil produced in the entire district is produced.

Industry of the city. In Noyabrsk there are over 1000 enterprises of various profiles, a significant part of which are entrepreneurial structures.
The largest enterprises in the city are: Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz JSC with an annual oil volume of 20 million tons (this is the leading enterprise) - a subsidiary of Siberian Oil Company OJSC, and the Noyabrsk Gas Production and Transportation Department - a subsidiary of Surgutgazprom. The leading city-forming enterprise, which dates back to May 31, 1977, employs 18 thousand people, 24 fields, and over 13 thousand wells.
In addition, the city has a shoe factory, a clothing factory, a dairy factory, a bakery factory, a brewery, a brick factory and other enterprises. The city has 8 bus routes, in addition, there are 20 thousand units of personal transport.
Noyabrsk has a fairly wide and extensive network of commercial and industrial enterprises - over 300. Among them, the largest trading companies stand out, offering customers high-quality goods from domestic and foreign companies: the Absolut trading company, Noyabrskneft LLC, Ekran LLC, etc. d.
Noyabrsk has a developed system of humanitarian and technical education, which is represented by 95 educational institutions. These include 15 secondary schools, 12 branches of universities, an Orthodox gymnasium, a Sunday school, a pedagogical college, an oil technical school, a business school, a branch of the Ural Law Academy, and a branch of the Salekhard Medical School. There are also 34 preschool institutions attended by over 5,800 children.

Cultural life of the city. The city of Noyabrsk is the center of cultural life. Today, there are over 20 cultural institutions in the city of Noyabrsk, offering residents and guests of the city a wide range of leisure entertainment.
In Noyabrsk there are 6 cultural centers - centers for communication and spiritual development of citizens, the Yamal Sports Complex (where there is a concert hall, a swimming pool, a gym).
Much attention is paid to little Novembers. For young townspeople there is a Children's Park with attractions, a Children's World store, and on November 5, 1993, the only Children's Museum in Russia was opened (information about the museum is included in the Directory of European Museums).
There are a regional museum of local lore and a regional museum of fine arts (the museum's holdings contain about ten thousand items). Over 1,300 children study in three music schools, one of which is the best in Russia.
The city has two research institutes dealing with problems of oil production and ecology of the Far North.
Noyabrsk is a city of youth, so an institution like the registry office is also important. It opened in the city in January 1978. This is the only separate registry office building in Yamal, with an area of ​​almost 500 thousand square meters. During this time, almost 18 thousand families were created in the city and more than 25 thousand newborns were registered.

Sport life. Noyabrsk is one of the most sporting cities in Yamal. There are 64 sports clubs here, which are attended by over 10 thousand city residents. There are 101 masters of sports in the city, of which 8 are of international class.
Noyabrsk has its own radio broadcasting – the children’s and youth news agency “Krugozor” and “Radio-Noyabrsk”. A few months after Noyabrsk was given city status, the first city newspaper, Severnaya Vakhta, was created.
Healthcare in Noyabrsk is represented by the following medical institutions - the Central City Hospital, the Emergency Medical Service Station, the Center for State Sanitary Epidemiological Surveillance, the Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Pharmacia" (consists of 8 pharmacies, 12 pharmacy points and the "Optics" store), a neuropsychiatric dispensary, a city dental polyclinic, Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS, Ozerny sanatorium. More than 3 thousand qualified medical workers work here.

Noyabrsk is a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities, the Union of Cities of the Arctic and the Far North.

Today Noyabrsk is the largest oil metropolis in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, it is the pearl of Yamal, the largest business and industrial center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where a fifth of the district's population lives and almost a quarter of industrial products are produced. This is a beautiful, European-style modern city, which undoubtedly has become the cultural and spiritual center of the south of Yamal. Under these conditions, the city of Noyabrsk has the prospect of becoming a base city for the development of subsoil reserves in the south of Yamal over the next 25-30 years.

TARKO-SALE

Tarko-Sale- a city in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the center of the Purovsky district. The population is about 20 thousand inhabitants.
The city is located in the most beautiful places, at the confluence of the Aivasedapur and Pyakupur rivers and the formation of the Pur river. The air transport distance to Tyumen is 1117 km, to Salekhard - 550 km. The nearest railway station is Purovsk, located 11 km from Tarko-Sale. Population - about 20,000 people. The village of Kharampur (about 600 people) is under administrative control.

Transport scheme. The city is connected to the “Big Land” by an airport, a pier on the Pyakupur River, and a paved road to the town of Gubkinsky. The city has an air squadron of helicopter pilots, engaged in transporting cargo and passengers to hard-to-reach places in Yamal, tracking fires with timely notification of the relevant services about their elimination.
In summer, Tarko-Sale is connected by water to many settlements in the Purovsky region and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug; in winter, such communication is carried out along a winter road.

Historical reference. Founded in 1932 as the administrative center of the newly created Purovsky district. In the Nenets dialect, the name Tarko-Sale means “cape at the fork.” Once upon a time, a shaman came to the place where the city stands and opened a camp at the confluence of two rivers. The beginning of the city is associated with the development of hydrocarbon reserves.
On March 23, 2004, the State Duma of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug decided to give the urban-type settlement of Tarko-Sale the status of a city. Now, every year on April 3, City Day will be celebrated. In honor of this event, a memorial sign was erected in the central part of the city.

Industry of the city. Represented by oil producing enterprises NGDU "Purneft" (OJSC "Purneftegazgeologiya"), OJSC "NK" Tarkosaleneftegaz ", CJSC "Purovskaya Oil Company", CJSC "Oil Company "Yamal", CJSC Oil and Gas Company "Nega", OJSC "Khancheyskoye Oil and Gas Production Department", OJSC "Yangpur", JSC "Yamalnefteotdacha", JSC "Sibur-Yamal" and others. Center for geological exploration: JSC "Purneftegazgeologiya", scientific and production enterprise "Purgeoservice", LLC "Geophysicist", JSC "Purneftegazgeologiya", JSC "Polyarnaya" geological mining company. On the territory of Tarko-Sale there is an agricultural cooperative "Verkhne-Purovsky"), reindeer husbandry, fur farming, fur farming), and a district veterinary. animal disease control station. Over 20 construction enterprises and organizations, department of mechanized and derrick installation works, road maintenance construction association "Purdorspetsstroy", line management for the construction and operation of gas pipelines, OJSC "Purgeostroy", OJSC "Tarko-Salinsky Construction Industry Plant", LLC "Purstroymaterialy", etc. .

Cultural life of the city. There are three libraries, a regional museum of local lore, a Center for National Cultures, a House of Children's Creativity, and a center for children's tourism and local history. The city has its own television and radio company "Luch" with a youth editorial office, radio, newspaper "Northern Luch", and a printing house.

Education represented by four schools (two secondary, one primary, and a secondary sanatorium boarding school for children of the indigenous population engaged in traditional economic activities) and seven kindergartens,

Sports life of the city. The city is famous for its sports records; people here practice mini-football, table tennis, powerlifting, parachuting (there is a Parachute Club), swimming, and Greco-Roman wrestling. Olga Gemaletdinova - 2003 world champion in powerlifting).
It is gratifying to know that at the beginning of the 21st century new cities are appearing on the map of the Motherland. Tarko-Sale, thanks to the labor exploits of its inhabitants, not only became known in Russia, but also in other countries, as one of the starting points for the development of the hydrocarbon riches of Siberia. But Tarko-Sale is famous not only for tons of oil and cubic meters of gas. The people brought this well-deserved status to the city.

While people in Central Russia suffer from unbearable heat, residents of Yamal enjoy the cold. Despite the harsh weather conditions, very kind people live here, who gave this place its name. They call the Yamal Peninsula “The End of the Earth,” because that is how its name is translated from Nenets.

The history of cold Yamal

The first mention of the Yamal land dates back to the 11th century, but Novgorod merchants managed to get there earlier. Their references to the northern lands were fantastic. Travelers spoke of squirrels and deer that fell to the ground like raindrops from clouds. It was from this moment that the popularity of Yamal began to grow.

In order to finally conquer the rich northern lands, Tsar Fedor sent a campaign in 1592. A few years later, a Cossack detachment created a fortification called Obdorsk. Today everyone knows this place as Salekhard, a city that is the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug. After the northern lands were conquered and passed to Russia, the rapid growth of the power of this state began.

Russia, Yamal Peninsula. Location

The northernmost and coldest peninsula of Russia is located on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets District. It ranks fourth in size, washed by the Kara Sea on three sides, as well as by the Baydaratskaya and Ob Bays. The last lip separates the main part of the mainland from the peninsula.

The flora here is represented only by tundra and forest-tundra areas. The flora consists of low-growing shrubs, mosses, trees, lichens and herbaceous plants. The flora and fauna here are very poor, but there are a lot of fish.

The peninsula is famous for its unrivaled cold beauty and untrodden lands. Believe me, the spectacle is impressive. Guests come here from all over the country to see this area. The impressions are sometimes so strong that people who come for six months decide to stay here forever.

Yamal is located beyond the Arctic Circle, which greatly influences its climate. Summer on the peninsula can be compared, rather, to a thaw, since the temperature is +6, although in the tundra in July it can reach 30 degrees Celsius.

The land on the peninsula is permafrost, where the tundra is represented as a swampy plain. There are a lot of small lakes in Yamal that are suitable for economic activities. Valuable species of salmon fish live here.

Now you know where the Yamal Peninsula is located.

The local climate greatly affects your health. Of course, the northern people have their own diseases, such as frostbite in the upper part of the lungs.

Scientists have identified one very interesting point that is directly related to the north. All people who have lived on the Yamal Peninsula for more than seven years have dilated heart arteries. This change affects the psychosomatic state of the individual, as a result of which the person becomes more hospitable, kinder, more responsive and affectionate. In such difficult conditions it is impossible to survive by remaining a wolf, so there is nothing surprising in the changes.

Permafrost Treasure

Many people call the Yamal Peninsula a gas cylinder, but residents are not offended by this comic nickname. They only correct it by saying that their autonomous region is the gas heart of Russia. There really is so much gas here that it even comes to the surface.

Photographs were taken here of a funnel with a diameter of 60 meters. This natural phenomenon made this place famous, but did not surprise experts at all. Such craters very often appear in permafrost, which contains a large supply of natural gas. The Yamal Peninsula is just such a place. A photo of the famous funnel is in front of you.

In the pre-war years, the main sectors of the economy were reindeer husbandry and fishing. Fur harvesting increased rapidly. However, as soon as the district was formed, a completely new branch began to develop - crop production. People began to grow fodder root crops, potatoes and vegetables.

Administrative-territorial structure of the peninsula

The Autonomous Okrug includes:

6 urban settlements;

6 urban districts;

36 rural settlements;

7 municipal districts.

Settlements of the Yamal Peninsula

Noyabrsk;

New Urengoy;

Gubkinsky;

Labytnangi;

Salekhard;

Tarko-Sale;

Muravlenko;

The largest settlements are:

1. New Port;

2. Yar-Sale;

3. Salemal;

4. Cape Kamenny;

5. Panaevsk;

Urban settlements:

Korotchaevo;

Pangods;

Limbayakha;

Tazovsky;

Urengoy;

Old Nadym.

The Yamal Peninsula is partially populated; complete development is complicated by climatic conditions.

Population of the peninsula

For quite a long time, the district was practically deserted; only Khanty, Nenets and Selkup tribes lived here. They were engaged in hunting and reindeer herding and led a nomadic lifestyle.

The situation began to change in the 20th century, at which time the development of the district’s natural resources began and the population gradually began to increase.

Population size:

1926 - 19,000 people;

1975 - 122,000;

2000 - 495,200 people;

2012 - 539,800;

National structure (percentage):

Selkups - 0.4;

Khanty - 1.9;

Nenets - 5.9;

Tatars - 5.6;

Other nationalities - 17.5;

Ukrainians - 9.7;

Russians - 61.7.

It should be noted that the Yamal Peninsula is the only subject of the Russian Federation where natural population growth has still been maintained. This fact occurs in all settlements, cities and regions.

The birth rate here is much higher than the national level, and the mortality rate is much lower. This is a very good indicator. The population is constantly increasing, due to natural growth.

The Yamal Peninsula is an area of ​​permafrost and unsurpassed scenery. This is an amazing land that will not leave anyone indifferent. Everyone who has ever visited Yamal will certainly return here.

Today, Yamal is considered a stable, dynamically developing region. It is a solid foundation for socio-economic development, which is very important for both the northern regions and the country as a whole.

Ural federal district. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Area 769.3 thousand sq. km. Formed on December 10, 1930.
Administrative center of the federal district - city ​​of Salekhard.

- a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Ural Federal District, located in the Arctic zone of the West Siberian Plain. According to the Charter of the Tyumen Region, it is also part of the Tyumen Region, being an equal subject of the Russian Federation. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is washed from the north by the waters of the Arctic Ocean (Kara Sea). The Yamal Peninsula is located on the territory of the district - the northernmost mainland point of the district.

It is part of the West Siberian economic region. The basis of the economy of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is oil and gas production. The largest herd of deer in Russia grazes in Yamal - over 700 thousand heads. The county is a leading exporter of deer meat to foreign markets. The world's largest herd of whitefish is concentrated in the rivers and lakes of Yamal. The basis of the ichthyofauna is the famous northern whitefish - nelma, muksun, pyzhyan, vendace. The district is also a major supplier of fur: silver-black foxes, blue foxes, and colored minks are bred on fur farms. The main types of economic activity in the region are the fuel and energy complex, construction, trade, transport and communications.

On December 10, 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets National District was formed as part of the Ural region. Later, the Yamalo-Nenets National District was part of the Ob-Irtysh and Omsk regions.
On August 14, 1944, the Yamalo-Nenets National District became part of the Tyumen Region.
In 1977, the Yamalo-Nenets National District received autonomous status.
Since 1992, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug has been a subject of the Russian Federation.

Cities and regions of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Cities of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Salekhard, Gubkinsky, Labytnangi, Tarko-Sale, Muravlenko, Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk.

Urban districts of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug:“City of Salekhard”, “City of Gubkinsky”, “City of Labytnangi”, “City of Muravlenko”, “City of New Urengoy”, “City of Noyabrsk”.