Thread what gallery station. Stockholm cave metro

Until recently, I associated Vorobyovy Gory only with a giant springboard and observation deck. But the results of archaeological excavations indicate the existence of Sparrow Hills ancient settlement in the 1st millennium BC. The first known mention dates back to 1453, when the “priest village of Vorobyovo” was located at the top of the slope.

In the photo: abandoned escalator gallery on the slope of the Sparrow Hills

Later, in these picturesque places, the St. Andrew's Monastery, the royal residence, the estates of wealthy citizens, the once famous Krynkin restaurant, the dachas of the Soviet nomenklatura, a metro bridge with a unique station over the Moscow River, were built. ski resort with a cable car. During the revolutionary events of October 1917, Vorobyovy Gory was of strategic importance. The red detachments knocked out the White Guards from the hill and fired at the Kremlin with heavy artillery.
In 1924, with the light hand of the People's Commissar of Education Lunacharsky (according to another version - on the initiative of diplomat Leonid Krasin), Vorobyovy Gory began to be called Leninsky, and officially this name existed from 1935 to 1999.

The easiest way to get here is by metro, station " Lenin's mountains" opened on January 12, 1959 as part of the Sokolnicheskaya line "Sportivnaya" - "University" section. To save money (so as not to lay deep tunnel under the bed of the Moscow River) an unusual project was developed with the location of a metro station on the lower tier of the bridge over the river. And cars and pedestrians moved along the upper tier of the bridge, built in 1958. The length of the metro bridge is 1179 meters, and the total length is 2030 meters.

Construction of a metro bridge. 1957-1958: http://oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/40998

Modern view from this point

On the platform. 1959: http://oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/21333

Alas, either rush during construction or an extremely economical project caused serious problems in the operation of the facility. Due to insufficient waterproofing, the station was flooded already in the year it opened, and soon part of the cornice collapsed. The bridge structures experienced serious dynamic loads during the acceleration and braking of trains, and corrosion ate away the reinforcement. Structural and technological errors led to the appearance of cracks in the ceilings and in 1983 the metro bridge was closed for a long reconstruction.

In order not to paralyze traffic on the Sokolnicheskaya line, the builders erected additional supports with bypass tracks, and trains followed them without stopping at the station. The repair work dragged on for 19 years and the townspeople began to doubt that Leninskie Gory would ever open again. On December 14, 2002, the station, created almost anew, opened under its current name “Vorobyovy Gory”. The main design feature of this project is the competent distribution of loads; the platform remains on the old supports, and the movement of trains is carried out on new beams standing on their own supports.

2007 Temporary supports have not yet been dismantled.

Since 2010, the station has also been an exhibition site. Cups and other sports trophies of Soviet athletes from the collection of the Sports Museum were exhibited here.

Since April 2014, glass display cases have displayed the personal belongings of metro passengers and employees. Each exhibit has its own story. For example, Kondraty Selivanovich Ermakov purchased a new foreign suit on credit in 1954 and proudly walked around in it while on duty in the voluntary people's squad at the Sokolniki metro station, where he met his future wife.

The most unusual use of the subway. On the night of September 22, 2013, completely legal skateboarding competitions took place at the Vorobyovy Gory station; the interiors and participants were not damaged.

In 1959, a 90-meter escalator gallery was built on the slope of the Lenin Mountains, which connected the embankment with Kosygina Street. The structure with three escalators, although it was serviced by employees of the capital’s metro and was initially decorated with a large letter M, was free both for metro passengers and for all other citizens who wanted to go up and down the slope.

Lower escalator lobby. 1960: http://oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/28787

Escalator stairs. 1969: http://oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/39770
In fact, there were not as many people as in the staged shot from the film “Sunflowers” ​​(in the shot, somewhere in the crowd of people, Sophia Loren herself is descending).

Like the station itself, the escalator pavilion was haunted by evil fate. At first, the escalators were launched later than planned, but over time it turned out that the location was chosen poorly, and landslides threatened the safety of the gallery structures. Service to the citizens stopped soon after the Leninskie Gory metro station was closed for repairs; the building was declared unsafe, the mechanisms were eventually dismantled, and now only concrete walls and foundations remain.

The lack of a lift causes a lot of inconvenience for citizens who want to get from the embankment to Kosygina Street. People have to go around the extra hundreds of meters, and the shortest route Only tourist climbers can climb to the Palace of Pioneers under the metro bridge overpass. Although the Moscow Government periodically plans to restore the escalator (including during Sobyanin’s time), the ruin on Vorobyovy Gory continues to remain a ruin.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the “office” of the Moscow Alpine Ski and Ski Society was located on the estate of S. Grachev water sports(M.O.G.-L. and V.S.). Grachev’s three-story dacha, as an example of rich dacha development, has been preserved at the intersection of what is now Kosygina Street and Vernadsky Avenue, but it is not occupied by skiers-athletes, but by the traffic police department of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate.

Central station (Centraal station, Central station) - central Train Station Amsterdam, but not only. This place can be called the main transport hub, where many human flows intersect.

Almost all tram lines start or end here. There are many nearby bus stops, underground and water there is a metro station.

On July 24, 2018, the new fifth metro line "North-South Line" was opened in Amsterdam. This is Amsterdam's first underwater highway. Its construction took 15 years, during which the station’s work did not stop for a day. Directly below the station building, this new metro line connected with three existing metro lines running here.

The central station is located on the banks of the IJ River, where ferries dock to ferry passengers to the opposite bank.

Although the word “bank” here is very arbitrary - the building is located almost entirely on the site where the IJ River used to be. By the way, the name “IJ” comes from the ancient Germanic language and is not only the name of this particular river, but also a designation of water in general. The importance of water is so great in Dutch culture that IJ is a digraph, that is, one letter. Accordingly, both characters are written in capitals.

Trains from Schiphol Airport arrive at Central Station (almost all of them are transit and go somewhere else in the Netherlands or to neighboring countries). Therefore, most tourists begin their acquaintance with the city with this building.

Going a little to the side, it is worth saying that in fact there is another alternative and even more convenient way to get from the Airport - this is bus number 397. It is especially convenient if your hotel is located in the Leidseplein area (Leiden Square) or next to it.

The crowds of people at Central Station are sometimes amazing. This is no coincidence, because few Dutch people work and live in the same city.

Many live in neighboring cities such as Eidhoven, Delft and Leiden, Zaandam or Utrecht, and work in Amsterdam. Fortunately, trains in the Netherlands run very fast and almost always on schedule. Therefore, you can get to them inexpensively (by European standards) and quickly.

How to buy a ticket in the Netherlands

Also, going aside, I’ll give you a little instruction on how to buy a train ticket. It's not difficult at all. At Schiphall Airport, at Central Station there are many ticket sales terminals. You simply select your starting and ending points and pay by card.

It is worth keeping in mind that you can pay with our popular Mastercard or Visa only in Amsterdam, the airport and, perhaps, in others major cities. At small stations and even in Rotterdam (!!!) payment is accepted only by Maestro card.

Therefore, if you are going to travel for one day to Zaanse Schans, Delft or another charming Dutch town, then immediately buy a round-trip ticket (day return). For the sake of fairness, it must be said that it is still possible to pay for a ticket with the indicated cards, but only at the ticket office, where there is often a queue, and at very small stations there are no ticket offices at all.

Having received a ticket, you must present it to one of the terminals before boarding the train, as well as at the station where you arrived. At the central station, such terminals are impossible to miss; they look like turnstiles and are located in the underground passage leading to the platforms, but are always open.

At small stations, such terminals are located on the platforms, near the entrance, exit, the beginning of the underground passage and other places. Inexperienced tourists often forget to include their tickets, which can cause them to be considered invalid. There are rarely ticket inspectors on trains, but the fines are high, so you shouldn’t ride like a hare.

Central Station - Brief Description

The station building was built in 1889 according to the design of the Dutch architect Pieter Kuipers, and he was assisted by Adolf Leonard van Gendt. The Central Station building is one of the most important architectural structures Amsterdam.

The soil on which the station was built was damp and unstable, so during construction more than 8 thousand piles were driven into the foundation. The building is made of red brick in the neo-Renaissance style and looks like a fairy-tale castle or palace.

The main entrance and two towers of the station complex protrude in front of the main building, which, according to the author, creates the feeling of entering a “city gate”. Look at the tower on the right, there is a clock on it; many guests of the city think that the one on the left is also a clock, but apparently broken, since its hands are spinning all the time. In fact, this is a device that shows the direction of the wind, that is, a weather vane.

The towers of the station complex are decorated with bas-reliefs, and in the center of the facade is the coat of arms of the Netherlands, below horizontally are the coats of arms of the cities with which there was a railway connection at the time of construction. The central spire acts as a kind of lighthouse.

The façade of the station faces the city, and on the reverse northern side there are terminals for small ferries heading to the opposite bank of the IJ River, and berths for river cruise ships.

Under the roof of the station there are 6 platforms and 15 railway tracks, there are also waiting rooms, shops and many cafes and restaurants.

On the way to the railway platforms there are several cafes and shops selling sandwiches, coffee and light snacks that you can eat during the journey, fortunately, all seats on the trains are equipped with comfortable tables.

As was customary in the 19th century, the waiting rooms were 1st, 2nd and 3rd class, decorated with varying degrees of comfort. The most privileged was the eastern wing of the building, in which the Royal Hall for the most important people.

There is still a first class cafe on platform 2A. Today it is available not only to first class passengers, but to everyone. To visit it, you do not need to buy a train ticket. You will be amazed by the luxurious interior, which is difficult to find even in very expensive restaurants. However, the cafe menu is quite decent, and the prices are reasonable (corresponding to average restaurant prices in the city).

Also note the building above the first platformslightly to the side of the central building, standing on legs that seem very flimsy.

This is another masterpiece of construction in Amsterdam. The Ibis hotel is located in this task. By the way, with comparatively inexpensive prices and not noisy, despite the fact that the rooms are located directly ABOVE by rail(verified own experience). Breakfast takes place on the ground floor (on our first floor), and during the meal you can look into the windows of the trains that stop “window to window.”

To the left of the Central Station (if you look at the façade from the city center) there is a three-story (!!!) bicycle parking lot, which becomes the object of numerous photo shoots and the backdrop for films.

It is interesting that the Tokyo delegation was so delighted by the Amsterdam Central Station that later, in 1914, a railway station building similar to the Dutch one was built in Tokyo according to the design of the Japanese architect Tatsuno Kingo. Although, of course, Tokyo residents claim that their station is the one and only.

The biggest stupidity a tourist can do when visiting Stockholm is not to visit its unique metro. I know this from myself! During my first visit to the city, Katya and I walked everywhere, and then we took a car. As a result, we didn’t even look into the subway. Only two weeks later, I accidentally saw somewhere in LiveJournal photographs of the grandiose stations of this underground system, which is called the longest art gallery in the world!

Don't repeat my mistake! Be prepared to ride the Stockholm metro and just stare.

1 The metro system in Stockholm opened in the 1950s. It consists of lines of three colors intersecting in the center of the city. True, each color branches into several separate routes in the suburbs, so if you need to go outside the center, then keep an eye on the final directions. All routes (there are seven of them) are also thought out - in this regard, the metro is similar to our New York one, where each color also represents several routes.

The system operates from five in the morning until one in the morning. You have to be careful with this in the summer, as the days here are very long. It seems that it just got dark, and the metro has already stopped running.

2 From the outside, the stations don't look very noticeable. The symbol of the system is the letter "T" in a circle (in Swedish the metro is called Tunnelbana, or " Railway in the tunnel.")

3 Today there are 100 stations in the system. Most of them look absolutely normal at the entrance, there is nothing special about them - the turnstiles are the same as everywhere else. About half of the stations are underground (mostly in the center), and the other half are above ground.

4 Going down the escalator you can notice the transition from an ordinary station to an unusual one. Do you see the tunnel ahead turning red and the ceiling becoming uneven?

5 This is the beginning of the cave. They decided to hollow out a number of Stockholm stations in stone, but not clad them in any way, leaving rough stone walls and vaults and only painting them.

6 These stops are the most beautiful and unique. Personally, I have never seen anything like this anywhere else.

7 Each station has its own predominant color and its own coloring system.

8 There are some very colorful ones!

9 The easiest way to see such a “cave” is at the central stop, T-Centralen. The main thing is to go down to the lower level, where the blue line trains go.

10 Photographers love to photograph station escalators - their smooth metal harmonizes interestingly with the surrounding rough stone.

11 Beauty!

12 Central station again.

13 An entire ancient city was built on Kungsträdgården.

14 The new blue carriages look great at this station. And it’s good for others too.

15 But they didn’t stop there with painted stone. Many platforms have various art objects.

16 Antique statues...

18 Ruins of non-existent cities...

19 Various miniatures.

20 There's even a miniature White House!

21 But someone left bronze shoes on the roof of the cave.

22 At T-Centralen, cave paintings depict workers building the subway.

23 Train on the Kungsträdgården platform.

24 There are simpler stations, although almost everywhere in the center they are trying to somehow decorate the platforms. This is why the Swedes talk about their metro as the world's longest gallery.

25 Multi-colored mosaics.

26 At the top level of T-Centralen everything is simpler. That is why I never saw this cave station on my first visit! (Don't be like Leva!)

27 You will most likely arrive here from the airport anyway (the local Aeroexpress arrives at the central station). To admire the beauty, just go down to the lower level.

28 But in the Old City, the metro goes along the street, so there is no special beauty at this stop (this is another reason why I didn’t see anything in the first place!)

29 There are very simple platforms. Covered with advertisements.

30 But even at such stations they hang some kind of art.

31 And they present strange exhibits.

32 An oddly shaped bench.

33 Ticket selling machines. It's cheaper than buying them at the box office.

34 And at the supermarket you can buy an unlimited ticket for three days. The metro in Stockholm is not cheap; a ticket costs about $30. But if you're going to be riding around town a lot, it might make sense. In the end, I never came across its cost (we walked a lot).

35 The inside of the cars looks like this:

36 The locals can be extremely nice.

37 Conductor!

Have you been to the Stockholm metro? How do you like it? From a purely external perspective, I liked it more than the Moscow one. (And there’s nothing to say about New York - it’s ugly here,