Settlement Sosva named after the river on the left bank of which it is located. The toponym is of Komi-Permyak origin and means “sleeve of water.” The Sosva River actually forms many branches and channels, including in the vicinity of the village. Sosva is located in the central part of the Sverdlovsk region, in the Serovsky district. The distance to the district center is 110 kilometers along the Alapaevsk - Serov railway, which passes through the village. Sosva lies surrounded by forests and peat bogs.

Story

The village appeared in 1880, when the construction of the Sosvinsky iron foundry began on the territory of the Sosvinsky volost of the Verkhoturye plant. The enterprise operated until 1927, after which it was dismantled. A wood processing plant was built in its place. By that time, the village of the Sosvinsky plant was already (since 1923) a regional center, but already in 1931 it was included in the Nadezhdinsky (Serovsky) district. Sosva received its current status in 1938.

In the post-war period, the village developed as a center of the timber industry. There are also two maximum security colonies and two settlement colonies in Sosva.

Sverdlovsk region- Sverdlovsk region. 1. National Park Pripyshminskie Bors, Sverdlovsk region, located in the Urals. Included in the Ural economic region. Area 194.8 thousand km2. Population 4686.3 thousand people (1996). Center Yekaterinburg. Other… … Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

SVERDLOVSK REGION, subject of the Russian Federation; located in the Urals. Included in the Ural economic region. Pl. 194.8 thousand km2. Population 4656.0 thousand people. (1998). Center of Yekaterinburg. Dr. large cities: Nizhny Tagil, Kamensk Uralsky, ... ... Russian history

In the Ural economic area. Adm. center – Yekaterinburg; other large cities and industrial centers: Nizh. Tagil, Kamensk Uralsky, Pervouralsk, Serov. Pl. 194.8 thousand km²; formed in 1934; 47 cities, 99 urban areas In the western region low mountain zone... ... Geographical encyclopedia

As part of the RSFSR. Formed on January 17, 1934. Area 194.8 thousand km2. Population 4383 thousand people. (1975). It is divided into 30 administrative districts, has 44 cities and 96 urban-type settlements. Center of Sverdlovsk. S. o. awarded 2 orders... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

In Russian federation. 194.8 thousand km2. Population 4656.0 thousand people (1998), urban 87.5%. 47 cities, 100 urban villages. Center Yekaterinburg. Located in the foothills of the Middle and Northern Urals and on the adjacent outskirts of the Western... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Arr. 17 Jan 1934 (separated from the Ural region). In 1938 to the territory of the region. annexed to Verkhne Tavdinsky district of Tyumen. region and districts of Chelyab. regions: Butkinsky, Kamyshlovsky, Pyshminsky, Talitsky, Tugulymsky; Perm was isolated from the composition of CO. region In 1942 from... ... Ekaterinburg (encyclopedia)

Sverdlovsk region- founded on January 17 1934 (separated from the Ur. region). In 1938 to ter. region annexed to Verkhne Tavdinsky district of Tyumen region. and districts of Chelyab. regions: Butkinsky, Kamyshlovsky, Pyshminsky, Talitsky, Tugulymsky; from the S.O. allocated to Perm. region IN … Ural Historical Encyclopedia

General information

Population 9630 inhabitants (2010).

The village is located in the Middle Urals, in the Sverdlovsk region, on the left bank of the Sosva River.

The distance to the nearest city (Serov) is 87 km in a straight line and 108 km by road.

The emergence of the village

Prerequisites

In the 16th - 19th centuries, the emergence of many settlements in the Sosvinsky urban district was associated with the development of the lands of the Trans-Urals and Siberia, in the 20th century with the development of the forestry and woodworking industries and the resettlement, including forced people, from other regions of the country.

Initially, the Voguls (Mansi) settled on the Sosva River. After Ermak’s campaign (1581) against Kuchum, the systematic development of the Trans-Ural lands by Russian people began. The Sosva River was an important waterway of that time. This was the beginning of the journey to the Ob. Since 1600, the lands along the Sosva River have been gradually populated by Russian settlers.

Construction

The village of Sosva was formed in 1880 during the construction of a foundry. The construction was supervised by mining engineer Apollo Vasilyevich Nikitin. In 1885 the first blast furnace was put into operation. By the beginning of the 20th century, about 3,000 people worked at the plant. The Sosvinsky Iron Foundry ended its existence on May 25, 1926, and from September 21, 1932 in the village. Construction of a wood processing plant began in Sosva. On January 11, 1938, a branch of the Administration of the North Ural Camp of the NKVD of the USSR was created in the village of Sosva.

Coat of arms and flag of the village

Attractions

In December 2008, a memorial sign was installed at 21 km of the Sosva-Vostochny highway - a symbol of the center of the Sverdlovsk region. It has been established that the geographic center of the Sverdlovsk region is located at 58 degrees 59.86 minutes north latitude and 61 degrees 44.51 minutes east longitude right here, almost four hundred kilometers from Yekaterinburg.

Flag of Sosva (Serovsky district)	Coat of arms of Sosva (Serovsky district)
A country	Russia
Subject of the federation	Sverdlovsk region
Urban district	Sosvinsky
Timezone	UTC+6
Vehicle code	66, 96
OKATO code	65 238 563
Postcode	624971
Population	▼9630 people (2010)
Coordinates	Coordinates: 59°10′19″ N. w. 61°51′20″ E. d. / 59.171944° n. w. 61.855556° E. d. (G) (O) (I) 59°10′19″ n. w. 61°51′20″ E. d. / 59.171944° n. w. 61.855556° E. d. (G) (O) (I)
Based	1938
Telephone code	+7 34385

Sosva is an urban-type settlement in the Serovsky district of the Sverdlovsk region of Russia. Administrative center of Sosvinsky urban district.

Population 9630 inhabitants (2010).

The village is located in the Middle Urals, in the Sverdlovsk region, on the left bank of the Sosva River.

The distance to the nearest city (Serov) is 87 km in a straight line and 108 km by road.

The village of Sosva is located near the geographical center of the Sverdlovsk region.

Transport

8 km west of the village there is the Sosva Novaya railway station, through which Sverdlovsk-Serov trains and commuter trains to Serov run. In the center of the village there is Sosva station - the final point of the line from Novaya Zarya station. There was no passenger traffic on it from the 1950s until 2010. There is a logging narrow-gauge railway leading from the village in an easterly direction.

There is a regular bus route to Serov from Sosva and a transit route Serov-Gari.

In the summer of 2009, a bridge across the river should be built. Sosva on the federal highway under construction Ekaterinburg - Khanty-Mansiysk

Population

In 2002, the population was 10,341 people.

In 2009 - 9385.

In 2010 - 9630.

Economy

The village has a developed forestry and woodworking industry. The main enterprise is OJSC Sosvinsky DOK

Within the boundaries of the village there are colonies of the North Ural ITL of the Federal Penitentiary Service, whose convicts work primarily in logging and wood processing.

Reductions in budget expenditures and the need to optimize the system of correctional institutions, the costs of which significantly “exceed the socio-economic effect” of their activities, forced the Federal Penitentiary Service, in particular, to liquidate two city-forming colonies in the village of Sosva (Sverdlovsk region). The entire economy of the village was built around servicing the colonies; now local residents are afraid that the village will not exist without the colonies. Kommersant correspondent VYACHESLAV KOZLOV went to Sosva to find out how local residents plan to survive without a colony next door.

Rumors about the closure of correctional colonies (CIs) in the village of Sosva appeared at the beginning of the year. Employees of IK-15 and IK-18, on which the entire economy of Sosva rests, initially greeted these conversations with a smile: no one believed that the authorities would decide to liquidate the zones in the village, whose life since the days of the Gulag has been associated with the detention of prisoners.

“At first everyone said that they would close the 15th, then they started saying that they would close the 18th, but in the end it turned out that they would close both colonies,” recalls former prisoner of IK-18 Oleg Konstantinov. They began sending people from the colonies in stages to other zones of the Sverdlovsk region in March, and the camps were emptied in early April. The prisoners now remained only in the medical correctional institution (MCI) N23, located next to IK-15 - just over 200 people, patients with various forms of tuberculosis, AIDS, etc.

Oleg Konstantinov talks about the life of the village, standing near the old two-story building of the local hotel. It was built with money from the Penitentiary Service Department, or simply “the department,” as Sosva residents have respectfully called the Main Directorate of the Penitentiary Service for several decades. In Soviet times, almost all institutions in the village were built at the expense of the “administration”, but after perestroika, due to lack of funds, the Federal Penitentiary Service stopped supporting Sosva. Several years ago, the “management” stopped being responsible for the residential buildings that were once built for camp employees; they were transferred to the balance of the municipal authorities. Throughout the village, in which there are practically no asphalt roads, rickety wooden and brick houses are scattered, many have no glass or doors, and their roofs are burned.

“There is a room in this hotel for the general, but now he probably won’t even come here,” Oleg Konstantinov says sadly. “On Repina, 4 (address of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Sverdlovsk Region. - Kommersant) budget money is being thrown around "a pinch for settlements where there are colonies. Now even this pinch will not reach Sosva, because they will have no obligations - the colonies are being closed. It's a pity for the village, it will disappear."

The further into the forest, the less money

Officially, plans for a large-scale reorganization of colonies in Sosva were announced at the State Administration of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Sverdlovsk Region at the end of February 2015. The headquarters decided to liquidate IK-15, merging it with LIU-23, and mothball IK-18, the largest colony in Sosva. Both colonies - the 15th and the 18th - are high-security institutions, where they served sentences for murder, robbery, drug sales on a particularly large scale, etc. As of January 1, 2014, IK-15 held 854 there were 988 convicts in IK-18, 350 in LIU-23. Over the year, the number of prisoners has sharply decreased. As of January 1, 2015, there were already 669 people in IK-15, 388 in IK-18, and 283 in LIU-23.

In IK-15, according to data as of March 2015, 237 people worked: guards, inspectors, operational workers, squad leaders and institutional management. 52 of them are civilians: accountants, drivers, equipment repair and maintenance technicians, etc. Almost all colony employees live in Sosva. Together with family members, they constitute not only the largest, but also the most prosperous part of the village’s population. The growth of salaries of FSIN employees occurred in the mid and late 2000s. Depending on their length of service and rank, camp workers in Sosva receive from 20 thousand to 60 thousand rubles. The average salary is 30-40 thousand rubles - good money by local standards, so many in recent years have taken out loans for a car, home renovations, had another child or given birth to their first child. The surge in birth rates in Sosva forced local authorities to build a third kindergarten. The increase in living standards also provoked something like a consumer boom in the village, which, as local residents say, has continued for the last five years. A supermarket and several retail outlets appeared in the village. The increase in the vehicle fleet led to the opening of an auto parts store - previously, to repair a car, one had to travel 100 km to Serov. But unemployment and the crisis rise in food prices will not allow maintaining the previous standard of living.

The head of the Sosvensky urban district, Alexey Safonov, is extremely pessimistic about the future of the village: “Employees of the colonies received good salaries, they went to stores, bought goods. Now they don’t go to stores, businessmen began to fire people, unemployment in the village is increasing every day. Naturally, people will have to leave, there will be less taxes in the local budget."

The head of the regional penitentiary service, Lieutenant General Sergei Khudorozhkov, explaining the decision to liquidate the colonies, uses numbers and terms like “losses” and “economic feasibility.” According to him, the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service is obliged to implement the decision of the central office of the department to “optimize the staffing level of correctional institutions.” “Everything is banal: this year the Federal Penitentiary Service allocated less money from the budget, so an order came to consider the issue of optimizing institutions that have long been unprofitable,” explains Mr. Khudorozhkov.

“The most neglected institutions are being liquidated,” the lieutenant general proves. “They were built without designs and standards during the Gulag. There is no sewage system, no running water - only wooden barracks.” The entrance gates were built for horse-drawn carts, Sergei Khudorozhkov gives an example; modern paddy wagons do not pass through there. “If convicts can be placed in other institutions, there is no point in building new ones,” he adds.

The main production in which the prisoners were employed was logging and wood processing. Just two or three years ago, as local residents and prison staff say, prisoners were recruited to cut wood in the vicinity of the colonies and to work in sawmills. The processed wood was sold at special timber exchanges in the colonies.

But from year to year, according to the Federal Penitentiary Service, the volume of production decreased, and losses began to cover income. The federal budget costs for the maintenance of IK-15 and IK-18 significantly “exceed the socio-economic effect” of their activities, the department says. Thus, in IK-15 in 2012, products worth 28,008.3 thousand rubles were produced; in 2013 - by 26,737.1 thousand rubles; in 2014 - by 20,250.8 thousand rubles. As a result, income over three years decreased by 6.5 million rubles. The management explains the losses by extremely worn-out equipment, low quality timber and logistics problems: timber harvesting is located 75 km from processing enterprises. At the same time, the felling sites are located in swampy areas, so the roads for timber removal are passable only in winter. All this required additional costs.

It is unprofitable, according to the FSIN and IK-18. Although the colony, according to official data, was engaged in livestock farming, crop production, clothing production, metalworking and woodworking, for three years in a row it did not fulfill the production plan, which assumed breaking even. There are not enough funds for the basic necessities: the colony cannot provide itself with spare parts for equipment and fuel and lubricants.

The enlargement of LIU-23, the FSIN State Administration assures, will increase the number of prisoners in the institution to 696 places (the current limit is 335 places). The staff of LIU-23, in turn, will grow due to those who worked in the liquidated IK-15. Thus, 222 people will work in a single institution. As for IK-18, 30 people out of 269 who are currently on staff will remain there. In this case, the legal entity of the colony will not be liquidated, but practically no money will be allocated for its maintenance.

With a clear conscience on market relations

Oleg Konstantinov served ten years out of the twelve appointed by the court in Sosvenskaya penal colony No. 18, was released on parole, but did not return home to Zlatoust. Other former prisoners remained in Sosva, started a family here and found work. The former prisoner got a job in the same penal colony-18. “I worked on a garbage truck since 2008,” he says. “This garbage truck was being written off, it was lying in a ditch, I put it on wheels. Now I’m on official leave, I’m still on the staff of the colony, but I’m already looking for work. We need drivers who don’t drink ", so the businessman at the sawmill suggested that I get a job on a timber truck. I have to feed my family - the boy is four years old, I’m working on it little by little."

The story of Oleg Konstantinov, who found a job even before his official dismissal, is a success story by Sosva standards. He himself admits that “the rest have nowhere to go, especially those who are certified,” that is, those who serve in the Sosva colonies and have a rank. “Officers will not go to work at a sawmill for 20 thousand a month, they have an education and no skills. Moreover, here it is considered something of a downfall - low-paid non-Russians work there, and pride will not allow the guards to work with them,” - explains driver Konstantinov.

The nearest city where you can theoretically find work is Serov, with a metallurgical plant and a population of 150,000. But “no one is waiting for anyone” there.

“Everyone has taken out loans, mainly for cars and home repairs, but no one knows how to repay them now if there is no work,” Oleg Konstantinov outlined the situation. “I myself have two credit cards, which I cut up so that "God forbid, you don't use it. There's only one loan left: don't drink, don't eat, and give money to the bank every month." During the crisis, food prices, says a former prisoner of IK-18, soared. In addition to the crisis, prices are also affected by the transportation costs of food suppliers. For example, chicken in Sosva costs almost twice as much as in Yekaterinburg - 170 rubles. for 1 kg.

There is no alternative work in Sosva. There are four private woodworking enterprises in the village, but there are no vacancies, especially for officers. The director of one of the sawmills, Pavel Kudryavtsev, admits that “the production has already been staffed”: “There is a small turnover, of course, but the main core has been working for a long time - for ten years. In addition, we are talking about specialties that require skills, and he’s just a shifter—can you really force him to work? In general, we’re not ready to accept an army of unemployed people, I’ll tell you straight.”

The Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service assures that there will be work for everyone who is planned to be fired from the liquidated colonies. According to Sergei Khudorozhkov, in other penitentiary institutions in the region there are more than 600 vacancies for both ordinary and management staff. When asked how people will get to their new place of work, the lieutenant general answers categorically: “Everyone will be given certificates that will give them the opportunity to buy housing in the places where they are moving.”

52-year-old Nadezhda Panarina, who worked at IK-18 as a repairman for more than 30 years, claims that it is psychologically difficult for people to come to terms with the thought of moving. “Everyone is literally in shock,” she says. “Many have not yet been told about their dismissal, but they understand that they need to look for work somewhere. They think about moving with difficulty, because they have to leave their homes, at home. So far, few ready for this."

Nadezhda Panarina talks about how the certificate system works. The certificate involves receiving a fixed amount (its value depends on the average price per square meter of housing in a particular region), which a citizen has the right to spend only on the purchase of living space. “By receiving the certificate, you sign a waiver of your previous municipal housing in Sosva. Many who are not ready to leave have to deceive the state: they buy apartments in another city using certificates, then sell and buy housing in Sosva again in order to continue living here,” says a worker at IK-18.

Protesters demand the return of prisoners

Over the past months, the head of the Sosvensky urban district, Alexey Safonov, has been trying to get the regional and federal authorities to cancel the decision to close the colonies. “I went to a meeting in Yekaterinburg with the chairman of the regional government, Denis Pasler. So, Pasler is against the closure: he directly said that he would not give permission for liquidation, because he understands that otherwise the village will die,” says Alexey Safonov . He recalls the history of the nearby village of Puksinka. A colony there was liquidated several years ago. After this, the number of residents in the village decreased from a thousand to about two hundred people.

Economic problems in Sosva have already begun: local authorities are trying to calculate how much taxes the district will receive less after the liquidation and conservation of the colonies. Alexey Safonov gives figures: for example, the debt on taxes and fees as of March 1, 2015 at IK-18 amounted to 30,05,119.77 rubles. Moreover, IK-15 alone paid 1,501.2 thousand rubles to the district budget in January 2015. personal income tax. For 2014, this amount amounted to 18,774.8 thousand rubles. “This is very significant money for the district budget; we build roads with it, pay teachers’ salaries, etc.,” says Alexey Safonov.

In mid-April, a rally against the closure of the colonies was held in the village, which was attended by several dozen people. None of the colony employees were there. “It so happened that on that day the management arranged some kind of meeting for them, which they could not miss. But they would not have come in any case: everyone is afraid to say anything against the liquidation under the threat of dismissal,” explains Alexey Safonov. He believes that this is not the last protest action in Sosva.

The conflicting parties see directly opposite ways to solve the Sosva problem. The management of the criminal correctional system believes that feeding those left without work will cost more than relocating them to other territories. Alexey Safonov is convinced that it is necessary not to resettle people closer to work, but to bring jobs to the village. In particular, he approached the regional authorities with a proposal to transfer IK-2, which is located in the center of Yekaterinburg - not far from the stadium being built for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, to Sosva. “The authorities themselves want to move the colony, but we have all the infrastructure - repair it and bring in prisoners,” adds Mr. Safonov. The head of Sosva claims that the regional government is ready to do this “even tomorrow.” But he doesn’t know how much money will be needed to transfer prisoners and modernize the colonies in Sosva.

What is the village of Sosva famous for?

Dossier

The urban-type settlement of Sosva was founded in 1880 by entrepreneur Christian von Tal during the construction of an iron foundry. Located in the Serovsky district of the Sverdlovsk region. The distance to Yekaterinburg is about 400 km, to Nizhny Tagil - 250 km.

In 1938, the North Ural forced labor camp of the NKVD (SevUralLAG) was opened in Sosva. The prisoners were mainly engaged in logging and woodworking. The maximum number of prisoners was recorded in January 1942 - 33.8 thousand people. Now in Sosva there are three institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service - maximum security colonies IK-15 and IK-18 (a total of 1057 prisoners), as well as a medical and correctional institution LIU-23 (about 280 patients).

Sosva is the administrative center of the city district of the same name. The population of the village as of February 1, 2015 was 8,717 people. The maximum population was recorded in the 1959 census - 14,283 people. In 2014, the mortality rate in the village exceeded the birth rate (5.9 and 5 people per 1 thousand population, respectively).

The average salary in the city district in 2014 was 21.75 thousand rubles. The planned budget revenues for 2015 - 514.5 million - consist of 68.4% of gratuitous transfers from budgets of other levels. Until the mid-2000s, the main enterprise of the village was the Sosvinsky woodworking plant, opened in 1932. However, by 2012 it went bankrupt and was liquidated.