The city of Okhtyrka is located on the territory of the state (country) Ukraine, which in turn is located on the territory of the continent Europe.

In what region (region) is the city of Okhtyrka located?

The city of Okhtyrka is part of the region (region) Sumy region.

A characteristic of a region (region) or a subject of a country is the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that are part of the region (region).

Region (oblast) Sumy region is an administrative unit of the state of Ukraine.

Population of the city of Okhtyrka.

The population of the city of Okhtyrka is 49,721 people.

Year of foundation of the city of Okhtyrka.

Year of foundation of the city of Okhtyrka: 1641.

Telephone code of the city of Okhtyrka

Telephone code of the city of Okhtyrka: +380 5446. In order to call the city of Okhtyrka from a mobile phone, you need to dial the code: +380 5446 and then the subscriber’s number directly.

Here is a map of Okhtyrka with streets → Sumy region, Ukraine. We study a detailed map of the city of Akhtyrka with house numbers and streets. Search in real time, weather today, coordinates

More details about the streets of Akhtyrka on the map

A detailed map of the city of Akhtyrka with street names shows all routes and objects, including st. Batyuk and Pervomaiskaya. The city is located near. On the left bank of the Akhtyrka River.

To study the territory of all districts in detail, it is enough to change the scale of the online diagram +/-. On the page there is an interactive map of the city of Okhtyrka with addresses and routes of the area, move its center to find the streets.

You will find all the necessary detailed information about the location of the city's infrastructure - shops and houses, squares and roads, highways and alleys. The ability to find out the distance and extent of the city, get directions around the territory, search for an address. St. Frunze and Transportnaya are also in sight.

Satellite map of Ahtyirka with Google search is waiting for you in its section. You can use Yandex search to find the required house number on the map of the city and Sumy region of Ukraine in real time. Here

Heraldry

A yellow cross on a blue background, which symbolizes a crossroads and a significant number of churches, that is, a “pious city.”
Above there is a golden glow in the form of rays - God's grace over the city. A golden ear of wheat has been added to the modern coat of arms, which indicates the agrarian direction of development of the region.

Coat of arms of the city of Okhtyrka

Date of adoption: 09/21/1781. In a blue field there is a golden cross with a glow at the top, depicting the celebrity of this city due to the great number of pilgrims who come.

Flag of the city of Okhtyrka

The city flag of Okhtyrka consists of two stripes - the lower one, constituting a third of the width of the flag, is green; top, white, top left of the white stripe – coat of arms

Akhtyrka, Akhtyrsky district

The region is located in the temperate climate zone of the extreme southern part of the Sumy region. It borders with Lebedinsky, Velikopisarevsky, Trostyanetsky districts of the Sumy region, Bogodukhovsky district of the Kharkov region, Zinkovsky, Kotelevsky districts of the Poltava region

Settlements: 1 village council and 22 villages

Total area 1.3 thousand square meters. km (5.4% of the territory of the Sumy region). The population of the district is 32,300 people.

Regional center of Okhtyrka

Okhtyrka city

The city of regional subordination, the center of the district, is located at a distance of 83 km from the regional center. The population of the city of Akhtyrka with its subordinate village councils is 53,200 people.

Today Okhtyrka is known as the largest center of the oil and gas production industry in Ukraine. There are 13 industrial enterprises here: GVU "Akhtyrkanaftogaz" OJSC "Ukrnaft", OJSC "Naftoprommash", OJSC "Okhtyrsilmash", OJSC "Sewing Factory", OJSC "Bread Factory", OJSC "Food Products Plant", OJSC "Brewery Plant", Okhtyrsky branch ATSP "Pravex-brok", KP "Medical Furniture Plant", OJSC "Shoe Enterprise", SKSM "Production of Construction Materials", city printing house.

The city has 11 schools, a gymnasium, a technical school for mechanization and electrification of agriculture, a vocational school, and a branch of the Kharkov Engineering and Pedagogical Academy. There are 15 cultural institutions here: 6 club-type institutions - the district House of Culture, 2 city centers of culture and leisure, the Youth House, the Palace of Culture AT "Naftoprommash", the Palace of Culture AT named after. Petrovsky; 6 libraries; 2 schools for aesthetic education of children - music and art; local history museum.

The city has a central district hospital, which unites city hospitals and rural Fapi.

The city of Okhtyrka is a sports city. Sambo masters Yu.M. live and train here. Meerovich and O.A. Gaponova Akhtyrsky football team "Neftyanik" is the winner of the Ukrainian football championship among physical education teams.

The beautiful Akhtyrsky region has given the world many outstanding people: scientists, writers, singers, artists. This is the poet Ya.I. Shchogoliv (1823-1898), revolutionary poet P.A. Grabovsky (1864-1902), humorist Ostap Vishnya (P.G. Gubenko) (1889-1956), poet, laureate of the State Prize named after. T.G. Shevchenka P.M. Voronko (1913-1988), writer, publicist, public figure I.P. Lozovyagin (Bagryany) (1906-1963), ethnographer, local historian O.D. Tverdokhlebov (1840-1918), engraver G. Srebrenitsky (1741-1773), agronomist, professor A.G. Ternichenko (1882-1927). The first female glider pilot, K.A., was born in Okhtyrka. Grunauer, full member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Honored Scientist, Professor S.G. Mirotvortsev, founder and first rector of the Perm Polytechnic Institute G.G. Deryukin, singer, People's Artist of the USSR P.S. Bilinnik, singer, Honored Artist of the RSFSR. F. Petrenko, scientist-breeder G.G. Kuchmai, an outstanding archaeologist, Doctor of Historical Sciences, head of the department of primitive archeology of the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR G.Ya. Rudinsky, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, economist O.O. Nesterenko, Doctor of Medical Sciences B.Ya. Zadorozhny, artist I.K. Mandrika.

In 1863-1869. Ukrainian teacher and writer V.S. worked at the Akhtyrsky district school. Gnilosirov, who took part in the creation of Sunday schools. Composer A.S. was born in the city. Gussakivsky, one of the members of the “Mighty Handful”, professor of chemistry. An interesting page in the history of the city is associated with the poet and teacher, founder and head of the children's colony in the Trinity Monastery near Okhtyrka G.L. Dovgopolyuk. The writer A.P. visited Okhtyrka. Chekhov, folklorist G.F. Sumtsov, artists V.O. Serov, K.O. Trutovsky, P.O. Levchenko.

Currently, there is a primary organization of writers in the city - the Zapev association, which unites local amateur writers. Well-known members of the association in the city and beyond its borders are Alexander Galkin, Ekaterina Kvitchasta, Nikolai Gliva. Several collections were published by the local poetess, editor of the newspaper "Flag of Victory" Nina Bagata.

History of Okhtyrka

The territory of the city has been inhabited for a long time. Near Akhtyrka, a settlement of the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Early Scythian times, several Severyansky villages and settlements of the VIII-X centuries were discovered. and the times of Kievan Rus.

The history of the city originates from a guard fort, built in 1641 at the direction of the Polish government at the Akhtyrsky settlement, on the right high bank of the Vorskla River, to protect the southern borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the attacks of the Crimean Tatars. Until the end of 1645 there were 50 households here. In 1647, according to the act of demarcation of borders, Okhtyrka went to Russia.

Given the important strategic importance of Akhtyrka, the Russian government stationed a garrison here and included it in the Belgorod defense line. In 1648, the Putivl governor sent 20 servicemen here. At the end of 1653 and at the beginning of 1654, several hundred migrants from Right Bank Ukraine arrived here, who, led by Ataman Ivanov, erected a new fortification on the left southern bank of the small river Okhtyrka. In 1677 the fort was rebuilt again after a fire.

The local government body was the town hall. In 1656, the Russian government sent a governor to Akhtyrka. In 1655-1658. The Okhtyrsky Sloboda Cossack Regiment was formed, the military-administrative center of which was Okhtyrka. Administratively, the city was subordinate to the Belgorod voivode. Through the years, the residents of Akhtyrka carried the memory of the Cossack regiment, calling individual parts of the city hundreds.

The region was quickly populated. In 1692, the Akhtyrsky regiment had 12 cities and 27 villages, in 1732 - 13 cities and towns, 63 villages and settlements, 22 hamlets and settlements. The Cossacks of the regiment took part in the peasant war under the leadership of Stepan Razin (1667-1671), in the war against Turkey during Chigirin’s campaigns (1677-1678), in the Azov campaigns (1695-1696), in the Northern War ( 1700-1721), Russian-Turkish War (1735-1739), Seven Years' War (1756-1763).

In 1765, the Cossack regiment was reorganized into a hussar regiment, and the Cossacks were converted into military ordinary people. Okhtyrka became a provincial and then a regional city in the 20s of the XX century. – district and regional center.

The Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment played an important role in the Patriotic War in 1812. It took part in the battles of Smolensk, Vyazma, Borodin, in 1813 in the blockade of Glogau, in the battle of Bautzen and on the Katzbach River. At the same time, the regiment was awarded badges on the shako with the inscription “For the distinction of August 14, 1813.” On October 5, the Akhtyr people took part in the Battle of Leipzig, and on December 20 they entered France and under the command of D.V. Davidov with battles near Brienne and Montmiral reached Paris. The third military award of the Akhtyrsky Regiment was the St. George Standards with the inscription: “In reward for the excellent courage and bravery shown in the successfully completed campaign of 1814.”

In April 1815, the Akhtyrchan residents were again destined to visit France, where they arrived as part of the army of Field Marshal G.B. Barclay de Tolly. This time they were participants in the famous review of August 29 at Vertue and opened the parade.

Akhtyrka is a city in the Sumy region (48 thousand inhabitants) at approximately equal distance from Kharkov, Poltava and Sumy through the shown Trostyanets. In the past, it was the historical center of Sloboda Ukraine, the land reclaimed from the Wild Field, given by the Tsar to those who decided to exchange the right bank of the Dnieper for the right bank of the Don for the sake of preserving the Orthodox faith. Nowadays it is the center of Ukrainian oil production and just a very colorful town, more “eastern” in spirit than “central”.

Okhtyrka was founded due to a misunderstanding: in the 1640s, Russia built the Belgorod abatis line along the borders of the Wild Field, with the edge - the Volnov fortress - extending to the peripheries of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Opposite the Russian fortress, the Poles, without being confused, began to build theirs on Akhtyr Mountain, and then SUDDENLY it turned out that they were building it on Russian lands - the border was determined according to the Polyansky Peace of 1635, but they never demarcated it, and after a long litigation the Poles They finally gave the fortress to the Russians a year before the Khmelnitsky uprising. And although the fortifications themselves were razed, the settlement remained and became a natural “condensation point” for the settlers. Their flow did not weaken: at first, there were decades of Ruins on the Left Bank, and as a result, one half of the Ukrainians ended up in Orthodox Russia, but the Poles undertook to reformat the other half with redoubled force - for them, the tsarist government launched the “Sloboda Ukraine” project in the unplowed steppes where nomads walked before. In 1658, Okhtyrka became the center of a regiment of Sloboda Cossacks, the fifth in a row (after Ostrogozh, Sumy, Kharkov and Izyum) and the last. However, the city (which received this status already in 1703) from the very beginning grew more commercial than military (for example, in 1707, the first tobacco factory in Russia was founded here), and by the middle of the 18th century, Okhtyrka was the largest of the cities in Slobozhanshchina. But the center of the Sloboda-Ukrainian province created in 1765 became Kharkov, for some time 5 provinces remained within the borders of the Cossack regiments, but at the end of the 18th century they were also abolished, introducing counties standard for Russia. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Akhtyrochka was a strong county town with 23 thousand inhabitants. Later, it suffered in full from both the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War (in which it was lost and liberated twice), under the Soviets it turned into an industrial town, which somehow subtly reminded me of Little Kharkov. At the time of the trip, even the local toponymy had not yet been decommunized, so I walked in Akhtyrka along the streets of Frunze, Oktyabrskaya, Lenin...

Frunze Street is now called Sumskaya, and on it I left the minibus and walked slowly south, towards the center. On the left is the red brick Agrarian College of the 1920s, an unusual look for its era, semi-pre-revolutionary, semi-Stalinist:

On the right is a hospital from the beginning of the twentieth century, at the sight of which I clearly imagined Doctor Ragin, terrible in his benevolence:

Houses along Sumskaya. As in Kharkov, you can’t tell about many buildings whether they were built before the revolution or after, only in Kharkov you more often see “proto-constructivism” of the 1910s, and in Akhtyrka “belated modernism” of the 1920s:

It is not uncommon to see wooden houses, like somewhere in Russia (even with birch trees):

A wonderful hut with a veranda, the sight of which makes you believe that it was left over from the Cossack regiments:

In one place, an elderly man came up to me, started a conversation with some awkward question, and did not let me go for about 15 minutes, repeating with the refrain “It’s so good that you came here!” (in the sense that he came from Russia).

Close-up of the house from the frame above:

There are few of these left; the city, which was stormed four times, is mostly built up with high-rise buildings. But in Akhtyrka there are extremely beautiful girls:

On the advice of one of the people I met, I looked into a furniture store in the entrance hall of a former medical furniture factory - the fact is that the industrial site was occupied by the barracks of the Akhtyrsky regiment... but no longer the Cossacks - in 1765 the Sloboda Cossacks were replaced by hussars, the most famous of which were the Akhtyrsky in their brown uniforms made from cloth requisitioned from the Parisian Capuchins. The Akhtyrsky regiment reached Paris under the leadership of the well-known general-poet Denis Davydov, and before that he managed to become famous in the wars “with the Turks” near Ochakov and Izmail. The most famous Akhtyrka hussar, however, was Lieutenant Rzhevsky, in fact a fictional character who came into folklore and literature from Davydov’s poems, and who acquired his name only in 1940 in Alexander Gladkov’s novel “A long time ago...”. From the Akhtyrka barracks, alas, only indistinct fragments remain, the best preserved of which is the trumpet room, that is, the utility room of the regimental orchestra.

The next building on Sumskaya is an old gymnasium (1902), originally for men, but most memorable for its homemade school planetarium (!) named after the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution (1977) with a funny racket on the spire:

I approached him and tried to photograph the gallery through the windows, but immediately a lanky, intelligent man, an exemplary school astronomer, appeared behind the glass and waved his hand towards the door, to which he proceeded:
-Why are you here?
- Yes, I’m a tourist, I’m looking at the city. This is your planetarium, isn't it? I read that he was the only one like that in the USSR, at school.
-Yes, at school - the only one. Where are you from?
-From Moscow.
-Oh, we rarely have Muscovites here now. Where will you spend the night?
- Yes, I’m passing through here, but I just arrived from Sumy half an hour ago, I’ll get to the bus station and go to Poltava.
-Have you seen our barracks?
-What kind of barracks?
-Well, of course, the hussar regiment of the barracks where Davydov served. Walk back a little, go to a furniture store and ask them to show you around.
-Thank you! Are they not working?
-No, they haven’t been active for a long time.
-Okay, otherwise I wouldn’t want to go to the active barracks!
“I agree,” the astronomer grinned, “you shouldn’t go to such places now.”

But I’ve already shown the former barracks, so let’s move on. I cut the corner a little and went straight to the square through the gymnasium:

The building in the frame above is the oldest building of the gymnasium, a district school from the 1830s. Its facade looks onto a wide ring with the “Ilyich stump” (it was broken here, by the way, twice, and the first time about a year before “all these events”) and streets in five directions - the former Lenin Square:

At the time of my trip, it was one of the entire city toponyms that had been decommunized, returning the name Uspenskaya Square. But the oldest Assumption Cathedral in Akhtyrka (1728-38) was demolished under the Soviets:

Someone's cry from the heart on Wikimapia describes the movement in the square as follows: the outer circle - in one direction, the inner circle - in the other, and even radial movement between them. Along the edges of the square there is practically nothing for the eye to catch on... well, from the buildings, I mean, there is nothing:

To the left, towards Kharkov, from here goes the former Lenin Street, which in 2016 suddenly became Victory Street. Both names are represented by objects immediately around the bend - on the right is the former women's gymnasium, under the Soviets Lenin School No. 1:

On the left is a small Monument of Glory, judging by its appearance, erected already in independent Ukraine. On the stand is the date of the second liberation (08.28.43) and the inscription in Ukrainian “Remember about those who will never come again!” But among those who returned was Alexey Berest, who on May 1, 1945, together with Smolensk resident Mikhail Egorov and Georgian Meliton Kantaria, raised the Victory Banner over the Reichstag. There is also a monument to him in Akhtyrka, which I either didn’t find or didn’t notice:

The street goes further. In fact, it’s difficult to believe that Akhtyrka has only 40 thousand inhabitants: the most powerful microdistricts, a huge market, from which there are an abundance of people and cars on the streets - “by eye” I would give Akhtyrka 120 thousand. And although there are no series of high-rise buildings here Kharkov, there is some truly Kharkov scope in their appearance:

Since Uspenskaya Square is the main Akhtyrsky hub, I can also mention here the attractions of the outskirts that I have not seen. In Akhtyrka there is a dead-end station (1895) with a small station, but first of all the city is surrounded by a natural necklace of temples. At the exit to Kharkov there is an unusual Church of the Myrrh-Bearing Women (1817), almost a rotunda; at the exit to Sumy (where I came from) there is the sophisticated red-brick Church of the Archangel Michael (1884), and on the road to Kiev west of Assumption Square there is the equally red-brick, but much more primitive Yuryevskaya Church (1905) and already outside the city, once one of the most revered on Ukraine, but under the Soviets, the Akhtyrsky Trinity Monastery was almost completely destroyed on the very mountain where the Polish fortress was once built. All of them are shown in Akhtyrchanin’s posts don_serhio , and not only churches, .
From the side of Kievskaya Street, a public garden adjoins Uspenskaya Square, the chapel in which reminds of the lost cathedral:

On the contrary, all that remains of it is the district administration in the building of the parochial school of the early twentieth century:

I crossed the Akhtyrka River along the bridge from the park:

But despite all the “Kharkov” appearance, Akhtyrka is still Sumy, as Altanka and the wooden sculptures on that bank remind us of:

Beyond the river, the “very center” begins along Independence Street, which during the trip was also called Oktyabrskaya - there is a direct analogy here. In essence, this is the same Sumskaya (Frunze), only on the other side of the ring, in a word - part of the city “axis”. Clearly pre-revolutionary houses in clearly Soviet tiled cladding are one of the “chips” of Akhtyrka:

Old power plant with pipe-like towers:

The impressive People's House (1914), or simply a regional recreation center:

The establishment opposite which I remember for its window:

But in general, there is no living tissue in Staraya Okhtyrka, not even the main street - rare and in no way memorable houses among high-rise buildings and vacant lots that have not been built up since the war:

In the future, Independence streets and the cathedral from the title frame, but for now let’s turn into side streets:

In which the crowds of people, the abundance of cars and signs immediately indicate the proximity of the market:

The red side with the remains of an elegant staircase belongs to the former House of Officers (it is also in the frame above behind the branches on the right) - under the Soviets, rocket men replaced the Cossacks and hussars. Here stood those same nuclear weapons, the loss of which many in Ukraine now regret so much.... but Ukraine technically could not save them in the 1990s - the entire control system of the Strategic Missile Forces, including all kinds of “fool-proofing”, was tied to Moscow . I don’t know exactly what’s in the former Officers’ House now:

The green house is known to old-timers as Voentorg, and next to it is the most impressive surviving income house. Inside, the staircase and mosaic floor were preserved, but the door was tightly closed:

I didn’t get to Mirogorod, so here is the Akhtyrsky branch of Mirgorodskaya Luzha:

Having passed through the market district, I found a bus station, and at the ticket office I asked when the nearest one to Poltava was. It turned out that I had a choice of either getting to the center of the neighboring region (alas, Ukraine has the same glitch with regional borders as ours!) in the evening, or running around everything that was left (and the most important thing was left) in half an hour. Without thinking twice, I chose the second option and rushed through the bazaar along the shortest straight line.

Jumping out onto Oktyabrskaya Street near the Church of the Transfiguration (1905):

Such races in the mode of sports local history are not at all uncommon in my travels, although recently there have been fewer of them, as I have learned to actively practice hitchhiking and build routes more rationally. But this is a very strange feeling - the brain seems to be switched to “turbo” mode, the image around it seems to become clearer and more contrasting, highlighting many details, and time... no, it doesn’t slow down, but seems to collapse. I remember the feeling of haste and physical stress from walking quickly under the backpack, but nothing more - remembering what I saw, I don’t feel at all that I was examining it all, counting the seconds.

Independence Street goes from ring to ring. Its southern ring seems to still be called October Square, although before the revolution it was probably Pokrovskaya. On the northern side is the Slavna shopping center, the former recreation center of the abolished Promsvyaz plant:

On the eastern side of the square is a monument to revolutionaries in this stunning expression of the 1920s (although the popular nickname is “a wife leading a drunken husband”):

And a simpler monument at the mass grave. Along the street in the background, I had to run bypassing the market to the bus station, and looking ahead, I’ll say that in the end it was not me who was late, but the bus.

Well, the southern side of the square is the heart of Akhtyrka, an impressive complex of three churches that is not typical for a county, reminiscent of the past of Sloboda Ukraine:

The Central Intercession Cathedral (1753-68), frankly speaking, did not impress me either in photographs or in real life... but this is a matter of taste, and objectively this is one of the most important architectural monuments of Ukraine, which is well known av4 dedicated the article in as many as 4 posts under the general title “Russian-Ukrainian dialogue in church architecture.” The mid-18th century is perhaps the golden age of Russian-Ukrainian relations, in the literal sense of the word, a novel in which Russia was represented by Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, and Ukraine by Tsaritsyn’s favorite Alexei Razumovsky. Even earlier, the original architecture of the “Slobozhansky Baroque” had developed, which I would call separate from the “Ukrainian” - at some point, the traditional Ukrainian three-frame wooden churches in Slobozhanshchyna began to be built in stone, and their appearance, on the one hand, was determined by the traditions of the abandoned Right Bank, and on the other hand, the influence of Russian architecture. This is how cathedrals appeared, or in Bryansk Starodub or Voronezh Ostrogozhsk, and as a result of the merging of traditions - the temple in Akhtyrka. In general, although for me it is rather unprepossessing, this temple is the convergence point of several architectural lines. In it, before the revolution, the Akhtyrskaya Icon of the Mother of God, found in 1739, was kept, to which churches are dedicated in other cities. True, the original is now in San Francisco:

Nearby is the squat, somewhat flattened Nativity Church (1825):

On the other side is the Vvedenskaya Church-bell tower (1784):

And the last remarkable incarnation of Akhtyrka is closely adjacent to the cathedrals from the south, and we are not talking about Pavel Grabovsky, a Ukrainian poet from Slobozhanshchina, who spent most of his life in prisons and exile and died in Tobolsk. But he is not the only one who connects these places with the Tyumen region:

This is the Neftyanik stadium, near which there is a composition that is much more familiar in some. It is no secret that on the territory of present-day Ukraine is one of the sources of the oil era - the Galician oil fields (,). However, in Central-Eastern Ukraine, oil was searched for a long time and persistently, and even stands, according to legend, on the site of an exploration well drilled by Tsarist geologists. Those geologists, however, were on the right track: the first Ukrainian SSR oil was found in 1932 under, I already showed traces of oil production in, but in the end the center of the oil basin turned out to be Okhtyrka, production near which began in 1937. The Galician fields have since been exhausted, and now Akhtyrka accounts for half of Ukrainian oil production, Priluki - about 20%, and both Romny and Poltava produce something, and from the same Poltava residents I heard that the authorities are deliberately preventing oil production and gas in Ukraine in order to profit from supply schemes, otherwise the Poltava region alone would be enough to supply the entire country and take away exports to Europe from Russia. These, of course, are myths - both in terms of production and oil reserves, Ukraine ranks somewhere around 50th in the world.

But opposite “Naftovik” is the “Nefteprommash” plant, which apparently occupied part of the site of that same “Promsvyaz”:

Near the plant there is a chapel in memory of the “Afghans”, and behind it is another old school on Pushkin Street leading towards Poltava, which I photographed from the window of the bus, which I hurried onto from “Naftovik”:

The bus turned out to be a crappy minibus like a Mercedes, which is of course better than a Gazelle, but not much. Although the Bogdanchikov and Etalonchikov factories seem to belong to Poroshenko, since previous visits there have been noticeably fewer of these much more convenient cars on intercity lines. The bus was traveling along the Sumy-Zaporozhye route, about 8 or 10 hours on the road, and was packed to capacity with people and trunks. I squeezed into the back seat, and to my left sat a handsome bearded grandfather like from a Soviet movie, and to my right was a strong, redneck-cheeked guy about my age. A charmingly fidgety girl was sitting on her grandfather’s lap, her parents were located on the next pair of chairs. The grandfather was traveling to Dnepropetrovsk, and regularly asked the girl how this or that sign or road sign was translated - he did not speak Ukrainian at all, and the girl did not speak Russian much better. However, they somehow understood each other, perhaps because they wanted to understand. I asked my grandfather how things were in Dnepropetrovsk now, whether it was dangerous, and then a neighbor from the other side joined the conversation:
-Why are you asking such questions? This is not your first day in Ukraine! The Benders haven't eaten you yet?
-Well, they didn’t eat it here...
- Well, don’t believe what they tell you on TV! About the crucified boys there and other fascists.
-No, I would go to Lviv now absolutely calmly, but the Dnieper, Zaporozhye - they’re closer there, to the war, they’re probably more strictly monitored there...
- Well, that’s all nonsense! Hello, we are normal people here!
Then the conversation started about where I was going to spend the night in Poltava, what to see, and so on. When mentioning the hostel on Lidova Street, the interlocutor was slightly upset that there was no hostel there, they had a hostel in a different location, and in the end he even called a friend to clarify, and after the call he admitted that there was now a hostel on Lidova too. He managed to tell me a lot of useful things about the structure of Poltava (but with the statement that 300 thousand live there, not 500, he flatly refused to agree) and about where there are dumplings and what kind of beer to buy, and finally, upon arrival, he went with me by bus to the center (where he himself needed to go) and before leaving to go about his business, he showed me “on the ground” how to go further. This is a long time ago, even before all these events, a paradox I noticed - the desire to show that “everything is not as they tell you” gives rise to miracles of hospitality.
. Monastery.
. Land of the Goryunov.
. Center.
. North of the center.
. South of the center.
. A city with strange geometry.
. The last castle of Ukraine.
Okhtyrka.
Poltava. Center.
Poltava. East of the center.
Poltava. West of the center.
Poltava. In the wake of the Battle of Poltava.
Kremenchug. Median city.
Chigirin and Subbotov. The cradle of independence.
Kirovograd (now Kropyvnytskyi). Center.
Kirovograd (now Kropyvnytskyi). Miscellaneous.
Farewell to Ukraine.
Kyiv before and after Maidan- there will be posts.

Okhtyrka(Ukrainian Okhtirka) - , Okhtyrsky City Council, .

It is the administrative center of the Akhtyrsky District (of which the city is not included) and the Akhtyrsky City Council, which also includes the villages of Velikoye Ozero, Zaluzhany, Kozyatin and Pristan.

Geographical position

City is located on the banks of the Akhtyrka River, which flows into the Vorskla River after 1.5 km.

The Gusinka and Krinichnaya rivers flow through the city. The city is adjacent to forest areas (pine).

Name

Translated from Turkic languages, the name of the city means “White Yar” - this place used to be a large wasteland. According to another version, the city is named after the Akhtyrka River, which translates as “still water.”

Local legend preserves the myth of Catherine II’s exclamation: “Oh, a hole!” when she was riding in a carriage while traveling to the Crimea and a ring slipped off her finger and fell into a hole in the floor.

Story

The city arose on the site of the ancient Russian settlement of Novgorod-Seversky principality, destroyed during the Tatar-Mongol invasion. The name comes from the small river of the same name on which the settlement was located. The fortress served as a defense point for the borders of North-Eastern Rus' from the raids of nomadic slave traders and steppe peoples.

Modern history begins in the 17th century. In 1640, the Russian fortress (ostrog) Volnov of the Belgorod abatis line was built near the border with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Immediately, the Poles began to build a fortified Akhtyrka as a counterweight, but on the Russian side of the border (on the left bank of the Vorskla).

The first written mention of the border fortress of Akhtyrka dates back to September 1641. The fortress was part of a line of border fortifications built to protect against attacks by the Crimean Tatars. Its construction took place under the leadership of the constable of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Kulchevsky. The first constable of Akhtyrka was Yakubovsky.

After the Russian-Polish Peace of Polyanovo in 1634, an agreement was signed on the delimitation of lands between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Muscovite kingdom. The demarcation took place in 1635-1648 (before the Khmelnytsky uprising). According to this agreement, Okhtyrka was built on the territory of the Moscow kingdom. After several years of litigation, Adam Kisel officially handed over Akhtyrka to Russia in 1647, a year before the Khmelnytsky uprising. The Poles, leaving, destroyed the Akhtyrskaya fortress and took its inhabitants away from there.

In 1647, Okhtyrka was rebuilt and included in the Belgorod region.

In 1655, the Akhtyrsky governor Trofim Khrushchev carried out a population census. According to the census results, 1,339 people lived in the city.

Regimental city

In the middle of the 17th century, on the border of the Moscow kingdom - Slobozhanshchina, four Sloboda Cossack regiments were formed. They were formed from settlers from Right Bank Ukraine. The duties of the settlers (referred to in documents as Cherkasy and/or Rusyns) were to protect the borders of the Moscow state. Okhtyrka became one of the regimental cities, along with,. The territory subordinate to the Akhtyrsky regiment included parts of modern Kharkov, Sumy, Poltava and Belgorod regions.

Akhtyrka was the regimental town of the Akhtyrsky Sloboda Cossack Regiment in 1655-1765, when, as the Akhtyrka province, it became part of the newly formed Sloboda-Ukrainian province. At that time, Akhtyrka was the largest and most populated city in Slobozhanshchina.

In 1670-1671 residents of the city took part in the uprising of Stepan Razin.

Akhtyrskaya fortress

City plan 1787

Okhtyrka, like all the cities of Sloboda Ukraine, had a chaotic development. The core of the city was a fortress that occupied a strategically dominant place, and around it scattered, fitting into the terrain, crooked streets with residential estate buildings, which were located randomly, without a certain regular order.

The Akhtyrka fortress was located on the bank of the small Akhtyrka River, where it makes a loop, forming a natural defense. In addition to the river, the fortress was surrounded by numerous lakes, complicating the approaches to it.

The fortress had the shape of an irregular quadrangle and occupied the territory of the current city center, from the river to the square where the Intercession Cathedral is now located (the cathedral building is located outside the fortress). It was surrounded by a wooden fence with five stone and fifteen wooden towers, two bastions. The gates at the exits from the fortress had drawbridges. A moat was dug around the fortress and an earthen rampart with caponiers at the corners was poured. Water filled the fortress moat, giving the fortress an island position, strengthening its defensive ability.

1708-1917

In 1708, Akhtyrka was given the status of a provincial town in the Kyiv province.

Soldiers of the Akhtyrsky Regiment took an active part in the Northern War. On December 26, 1707 (January 6, 1708), Peter the Great himself arrived in Akhtyrka to personally check the combat readiness of the garrison and hold a military council.

In January 1709, the townspeople repelled the attacks of a Swedish detachment that was besieging the city.

In 1718, the first tobacco factory in Russia was opened in Akhtyrka, to which several villages (944 peasant households) were assigned, but it turned out to be unprofitable and in 1727 the treasury sold the enterprise to private individuals. A plantation (about 50 acres) was allocated for tobacco manufacturing, from which 7 thousand pounds of tobacco were harvested.

In 1753-1762 the Intercession Cathedral was built (in which the famous Akhtyrka Icon of the Mother of God was located).

In 1765, the city was included in the Sloboda-Ukrainian province, and the Akhtyrsky regiment was reorganized into the Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment.

In 1780, Okhtyrka became a district town in the Kharkov province.

The Akhtyrsky 12th Hussar Regiment took part in the Patriotic War of 1812.

By the early 1890s, Okhtyrka was a center of trade and handicrafts.

1918 - 1991

In December 1917, Soviet power was established in Okhtyrka, but during the civil war, power in the city changed several times.

In 1921, Soviet power was restored, and for active assistance the population of Akhtyrsky district was awarded the Honorary Banner of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

After the start of the Great Patriotic War on October 15, 1941, the city was occupied by advancing German troops.

On February 23, 1943, he was liberated from the Soviet troops of the Voronezh Front during the Kharkov offensive operation of February 2-3, 1943:

• 40th Army consisting of: 5th Guards. tank corps (major general t/v Kravchenko, Andrei Grigorievich) consisting of: 21st Guards. TBR (Colonel Ovcharenko, Kuzma Ivanovich), 6th Guards. motorized rifle brigade (Colonel Shchekal, Alexander Mikhailovich); 309th Rifle Division (Major General Menshikov, Mikhail Ivanovich), units of the 340th Infantry Division (Major General Martirosyan, Sarkis Sogomonovich).

On March 11, 1943, it was occupied for the second time; in the summer of 1943, during the Battle of Kursk, there were fierce battles in the Akhtyrka area. In the summer of 1943, Okhtyrka was one of the most heavily fortified German defense centers on this section of the front, which in August 1943 became the site of concentration of a German tank group to attack the 27th Army.

On August 25, 1943, it was liberated by Soviet troops of the Voronezh Front during the offensive on:

• 27th Army consisting of: 147th Infantry Division (Major General Yakimov, Mikhail Petrovich), 155th Infantry Division (Colonel Kaprov, Ilya Vasilyevich), 166th Infantry Division (Colonel Svetlyakov, Anisim Illarionovich); 93rd Tank Brigade (Lieutenant Colonel Doropei, Sergei Klementievich), 39th Det. tank regiment (Lieutenant Colonel Pushkarev, Sergei Filippovich), 1832nd heavy self-propelled artillery regiment (Lieutenant Colonel Kharitonov, Stepan Grigorievich); 17th breakthrough artillery division (Major General Art. S.S. Volkenshtein) consisting of: part of the forces of the 39th cannon artillery brigade (Colonel S.V. Rakovich), part of the forces of the 108th high-power howitzer artillery brigade (Colonel V.D. . Reutov), ​​part of the forces of the 22nd mortar brigade (Colonel I.P. Irineev).
• 2nd Air Army consisting of: 208th Night Short-Range Bomber Air Division (Colonel L.N. Yuzeev).

In 1966, on the site of the most fierce battles, the Mound of Military Glory was built, and in 1967, the Monument of Immortality was erected.

In accordance with the fourth five-year plan for the restoration and development of the national economy of the USSR, the city was restored; as of the beginning of 1950, there were a foundry and mechanical plant, a nail factory, a brick factory, a woodworking factory, a shoe factory, a clothing factory, and several food industry enterprises (in primarily the flour-grinding, meat and oil-processing industries), a pedagogical school, a technical school for mechanization and electrification of agriculture, as well as a midwifery school.

As of the beginning of 1978, the Promsvyaz plant, an agricultural engineering plant, a medical furniture plant, a building materials plant, a brewery, a butter factory, a clothing factory, a shoe factory, an art products factory, a meat processing plant, a bakery plant, a consumer services plant, operated here. oil and gas production department and several other industries, 14 secondary schools, a music school, two vocational schools, a technical school for mechanization and electrification of agriculture, 2 medical institutions, 2 Palaces of Culture, a house of culture, 4 clubs, a cinema, 4 libraries, a local history museum.

After 1991

After the declaration of independence of Ukraine, the 91st engineering regiment located in the city was included in the armed forces of Ukraine and subsequently received a new name - the 91st separate operational support regiment (military unit A0563).

In 1998, the building materials plant was closed and liquidated, in 2003 - the medical furniture plant, in 2014 - the Nefteprommash OJSC plant.

Population

Until the very end of the 18th century, the population of Okhtyrka exceeded the population of and. During the formation of the Sloboda-Ukrainian province (1785), it was the most populated city in the Slobozhanshchina, with 12,849 people living in it. For comparison: the provincial city of Kharkov had 10,885 inhabitants.

Population change:

• 1785 - 12,849 people;
• 1837 - 14 205;
• 1867 - 17,411 people;
• 1897 - 23,399 people
• 1900 - 25,965 people;
• 1989 - 50,726 people
• 2001 - 49,721 people
• 2013 - 49,047 people

Symbolism

On September 21, 1781, the Russian Empress Catherine II (together with the rest of the cities of the province) approved the city’s coat of arms: “in a blue field there is a golden cross with a radiance from above, and depicting the celebrity of this city due to the great number of pilgrims.”

Notable natives

• Batyuk, Nikolai Filippovich - Soviet military leader, one of the heroes of the defense of Stalingrad.
• Kolesnikov, Ivan Mikhailovich - Soviet military leader, major general of tank forces.
• Rudinsky, Mikhail Yakovlevich - Soviet archaeologist, Doctor of Historical Sciences.
• Chefranov, Georgy Vasilievich - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of TRTI.
• Yaroslavsky, Pyotr Antonovich - architect.

Economy

• NGDU "Akhtyrkaneftegaz" OJSC "Ukrnafta"
• OJSC "Akhtyrskaya Garment Factory" (one workshop actually operates)
• OJSC "Akhtyrsky Brewery"
• State Enterprise "Akhtyrsky Bread Products Plant"
• Branch "Akhtyrsky Cheese Plant" Private Enterprise "Ros"

Transport

Highways pass through the city N-12, T-1706, R-46 and railway, Okhtyrka station. The distance from the regional center to Akhtyrka is 80 km.

Social sphere

One of the first photographs of the city of Akhtyrka. On the right to the Intercession Cathedral is the street. Oktyabrskaya (in the modern street layout).

• Kindergartens.
• 10 secondary schools.
• Stadium.
• 14 sports grounds.
• Youth Sports School
• Children's music school.
• Children's art school.
• City Museum of Local Lore.
• City center of culture and recreation.
• Central regional hospital.

Sport

Football is actively developing in the city - the Neftyanik stadium and the Neftyanik-Ukrneft football club, which is a member of the Ukrainian 1st League, operate.

Attractions

Church of the Nativity

• Intercession Cathedral (1753-62) - the former location of the Akhtyrka Icon of the Mother of God, a rare monument of Elizabethan Baroque in eastern Ukraine, the project is attributed to D. Ukhtomsky
• The ensemble of the cathedral also includes the Vvedenskaya (1783) and the Nativity of Christ (1825) churches in the style of classicism
• Mass grave of Soviet soldiers.
• Monument to Immortality (Sculptors K. Godulyan, I. Grechanik, architect B. Berdnik, 1967)

Notes

1. Okhtyrka // Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. ed., ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. 4th ed. M., “Soviet Encyclopedia”, 1986. p.94
2. Population as of May 1, 2017 / Main Department of Statistics in the Sumy region (ukr.)
3. Gorodetskaya I. L., Levashov E. A.// Russian names of residents: Dictionary-reference book. - M.: AST, 2003. - P. 36. - 363 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-016914-0.
4. // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
5. Okhtyrka // Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. volume 1. Kyiv, “Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia”, 1978. p.310
6. Okhtyrka // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. / ed. coll., ch. ed. S. I. Vavilov. 2nd ed. volume 3. M., State scientific publishing house "Big Soviet Encyclopedia", 1950. p.570
7. Directory "Liberation of Cities: A Guide to the Liberation of Cities during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." M. L. Dudarenko, Yu. G. Perechnev, V. T. Eliseev and others. M.: Voenizdat, 1985. 598 p. http://gigabaza.ru/doc/76524-pall.html
8. Red Army website. http://rkka.ru.
9. History of the Second World War 1939-1945 (in 12 volumes) / editorial coll., ch. ed. A. A. Grechko. volume 7. M., Voenizdat, 1976. p.170
10. History of the Second World War 1939-1945 (in 12 volumes) / editorial coll., ch. ed. A. A. Grechko. volume 7. M., Voenizdat, 1976. p.176
11. Order No. 1241-r to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated November 25, 2015. “About the hardening of the flow of the dry military lane of the Eternal Forces, which can be alienated”
12. The flow of liquidated enterprises in the country as of 04/01/2016 // official website of the Akhtyrka City Council dated April 1, 2016
13. Descriptions of the Kharkov governorship of the late 18th century. Descriptive statistical sources. - K.: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0 (Ukrainian)
14. The first general census of the Russian Empire in 1897
15. All-Union Population Census 1989. Urban population of the Union republics, their territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender
16. Website of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
17. The current population of Ukraine as of September 1, 2013. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Kiev, 2013. page 92

Literature

• “A statement of exactly which cities and districts the Kharkov governorship was compiled and how many souls there were in them in 1779.” - K.: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0
• "Description of the cities of the Kharkov governorship." 1796 - K.: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0
• “Description of the city of Akhtyrka with the district.” 1780 - K.: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0

Links

• Electronic city map