Folklore tourism. Places of ethnographic tourism in Russia

21.06.2020

What was Belarus like hundreds of years ago? What makes its culture unique and original? What traditions of Belarusians are known all over the world and what surprises our country for connoisseurs of authentic heritage?

Over the course of its centuries, the Belarusian people have created a unique one. Traditional folk rituals and rituals, unique folklore, national costume - all this rich heritage is carefully preserved in our country. And of course, guests are invited to meet him.

Today in Belarus there are many places where you can touch ancient Belarusian culture and, at least for a few hours, be transported from the 21st century to hoary history. Among them:

ethnographic and local history museums

ethnographic complexes (villages) under open air

agricultural estates in a rural area with national Belarusian flavor

folk art centers, traditional culture and everyday life

folklore houses

home crafts

Guests museums and complexes see ancient household items and works of decorative and applied art, hear authentic Belarusian songs and get acquainted with ancient dances, try national cuisine.

Those who wish will have the opportunity to plunge into life of the ancient Belarusian outback. Here they offer walks to the apiary, haymaking, and forest; culinary master classes in bread baking, basket weaving or broom knitting; , archery, and much more.

Folk rituals and holidays in Belarus

Belarus has preserved amazing folk rituals and holidays, which are still celebrated today in villages and cities. Among the most famous:

Kolyada

St. George's Day

"Zazhynki" (beginning of the harvest) and "Dazhynki" (harvest festival)

On these holidays, in different parts of the country, folk celebrations, festivals.

You can truly plunge into the history and life of Belarusians by seeing unique folk rituals, which have been preserved only in one area:

children's carol ritual "Chickens"(Klichevsky district)

ancient rite "Yurauski Karagod"(“Yuryevsky round dance”) (Pogost village, Zhitkovichi district)

ancient spring rite "Arrow"(village Bezdezh, Drogichinsky district)

One of the most significant holidays of modern Belarus has become festival-fair of village workers "Dazhynki", which takes place every autumn in every region of the country. It combines the modern tradition of honoring the best workers with folk rituals of the end of the harvest and harvest.

On this bright festival folklore groups and folk dance ensembles gather, master craftsmen who conduct master classes and present exclusive products to guests.

Belarusian crafts

Soul Belarusian people is also embodied in his artistic crafts, the skillful craftsmanship of artisans, which was passed on from generation to generation.

In our country the following are still flourishing today:

blacksmith craft

pottery and ceramics

weaving and embroidery

straw and wicker weaving

carpentry and cooperage

wood and birch bark carving

vytinanka

The products of masters are kept in museums as historical value and great samples arts and crafts Belarus.

Many creations of Belarusian masters have become a real treasure, a symbol of our country. These are the famous towels from the villages of Neglyubka and Semezhevo, aprons from the village of Bezdezh, linen amulets, a straw spider...

For example, Neglyubskie towels, made by weavers on wooden crosses, are known all over the world. At international exhibitions in New York, Montreal, Tokyo, Paris, and Brussels they were awarded gold medals. These towels decorate one of the Belarusian offices in the UN building, and Metropolitan Museum of Art I bought them for my collection.

In 2012, in the village of Neglyubka (Vetkovsky district) it was held for the first time holiday of the Belarusian towel, which has become an annual event.

The pride of Belarusian culture – National Costume with a characteristic white and red coloring, symbolic embroidery and, of course, special wearing traditions. In Belarus there are more than 30 varieties folk costumes that existed in different regions of the country.

In a Belarusian village Bezdezh(Drogichinsky district) is located the only one in the world, where a unique collection of costume items is collected that have become a real brand of this area.

Today, in almost every region of Belarus there are Houses of crafts, where they study the techniques and technologies of old masters of decorative and applied arts, hold exhibitions and master classes, and make souvenirs.

"Cities" And craftsmen's farmsteads open at all festivals and street celebrations held in Belarus. The “City of Masters” won special love and popularity among guests at International festival arts .

There are also specialized craft exhibitions and fairs:

exhibition-fair of folk crafts "Mlyn" (Minsk)

exhibition-fair of national crafts “Komarovo – circle of days” (Komarovo village, Myadel district)

international plein air on ceramics "Art-Zhyzhal"

festival of artisans and folk craftsmen "Kazyuki" (Grodno)

holidays of Belarusian flax

Festivals of traditional culture and cuisine

At different times of the year in the regions Belarus are interesting and in many ways unique traditional culture festivals, which every year are gaining more and more interest from numerous guests and participants.

If you are already quite tired of sea beaches, hot sun, long flights to other countries, we recommend turning your attention to interesting places ethnographic. Behind last years, this type of tourism is only gaining momentum in our country, but it is becoming more and more popular. So, where to go in Russia on an ethnographic tour?

Ethnotourism– a direction that allows you to thoroughly get acquainted with the life and traditions of different peoples. During the tour, you will live in a completely different cultural environment, get acquainted with the traditional dishes of the nations being studied, their ancient holidays, see folk costumes, listen to songs and admire dances.

You need to choose a place for an ethnographic tour in Russia based on your cultural needs, location, and financial capabilities. If finances do not allow you to move far from your place of residence, do not be upset, because interesting objects ethnographies are available in any region of Russia; fortunately, it is large and multinational. But with great financial resources, you can go get acquainted with the peoples of other countries and continents. Trips with ethnographic tours will be incredibly interesting for school-age children, expanding their horizons and making them familiar with geography. Since our topic today is: where to go on an ethnographic tour in Russia? - we will talk about several currently popular ethnographic directions and the ethnographic objects of our country located there.

Perm region– an excellent destination for ethnographic tours, there are many educational places, associated with the original peoples who have lived on these lands for centuries.

Architectural and ethnographic complex "Khokhlovka". In the Perm region there is a unique architectural and ethnographic complex “Khokhlovka” - a small wooden town located on a high cape above the Kama River. This is the very first “open-air” museum of wooden architecture of the Urals, which began its work in 1980. The Khokhlovka museum ensemble is located just forty-three kilometers from Perm. Today, there are twenty-three unique monument wooden architecture, period from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. These are the best examples of traditional architecture of the numerous peoples of the Kama region. And here tourists can enjoy the rare beauty of local landscapes: calm river surface, wooded hills, rocks along the bay, spruce forest, mixed with birch groves and thickets of juniper, rowan, bird cherry, viburnum. In winter, it is also very beautiful here: the icy river expanses of the Kama, the domes of churches glistening in the sun. In “Khokhlovka”, ethnotourists can expect traditional mass celebrations in honor of the holidays of the folk calendar: “Farewell to Maslenitsa”, “Trinity festivities”, “Apple and Honey Savior”, interesting folklore holidays, military-historical or art festivals. All thirty-five hectares of this town are divided into cultural and ethnographic zones Perm region: 1. Northern Kama region; 2. Southern Kama region; 3. Komi-Permyak sector. In one sector you will see the furnishings of a residential hut of the peoples of the Perm region and an exhibition of objects of folk painting, and in the other, examples of peasant estates of the nineteenth - twentieth centuries, in the third, large wooden church, transported to the museum territory from a distant village. There is a bell tower building, a hunting hut, a mill with barns for storing grain, and even a salt factory. The main season for tourist visits: from late May to early October. But this place of ethnographic tourism in Russia awaits visitors at any time of the year.

Krasnodar region - a place where, during your ethnographic tour, you can learn more about the life of the Kuban Cossacks, and also get acquainted with the culture of the largest Armenian diaspora living in Kuban. Kuban is a multinational region where there are more than one hundred and twenty nationalities, each of which has a unique cultural component.

Ethnographic park "Dobrodeya" in Anapa. There is a hotel at this ethnographic complex, so you can stay right there to slowly get acquainted with the culture and traditions of the Kuban Cossacks. By the way, the hotel has a children's playground and an authentic tavern specializing in preparing Kuban cuisine. The park reproduces the atmosphere of a nineteenth-century Cossack village. The ethnographic museum exhibition “Cossack Compound” introduces park guests to the fascinating history, way of life, customs, songs, and cuisine of the Kuban Cossacks. There is a “Cossack Museum” and its own folklore ensemble. On the Cossack farm, everything looks the same as it did in the old days: wattle fence, a white mud hut with a large stove, traditional decoration: images on an embroidered towel in the red corner. In the backyard there is a garden, a vegetable garden and a poultry house. This is the life of the Kuban Cossacks. If you walk along the old Cossack road, which is located next to the park in the forest, you will find a well - a spring, where the Cossacks used to get water. This spring is under state protection. Once at the “Cossack Fair” exposition, ethnotourists can get acquainted with Cossack folk crafts, see how blacksmiths, potters, furriers worked in ancient times, and purchase the products they like. Theme park“Dobrodeya” stands fifteen kilometers from the city of Anapa, in the middle of a picturesque forest stretching along the spurs of the Bolshoi Caucasian ridge. Another ethnographic excursion destination of the Dobrodeya park is called the “Kingdom of Berendey”, and it is designed for young visitors. This is the “Fairytale Forest”, where traditional Russian heroes live folk tales: Nightingale the Robber, Kikimora, Leshy, Tsar Berendey, Scientist Cat at the Oak, Swan Princess and others. Young visitors to the park will be treated to an exciting theatrical performance.

Armenian center "Arin-Berd" in Gai Kodzor in Kuban. By visiting this Cultural Center Kuban, you will learn a lot about the rich Armenian culture. Arin-Berd, operating in Gai Kodzor, is visited not only by residents of Kuban or Russians, but also by foreign tourists. This is the most interesting ethnographic place in Russia, introducing guests to the culture of the largest Armenian diaspora living in the territory Krasnodar region. Translated “Arin-Berd” means “Fortress of the Aryans”. Passing the gates of this ancient fortress, you find yourself in the kingdom of Armenian culture and history. The first stop is a waterfall, the water from which is considered holy by the Caucasian peoples. The second stop is a gallery with seven wall paintings, which depict decisive events in the history of Armenia. You will learn about interesting facts, related to this. At the end of the gallery, you will get acquainted with the national Armenian dance with candles, performed by young girls, and the fire in their hands symbolizes the connection of generations, the continuity of history. Then, guests who come on an ethnographic tour to the Arin-Berd center will get acquainted with the amazing national Armenian cuisine, be treated to wonderful wine, see national dances and listen to drinking songs. After the Armenian feast, you will visit the Armenian market, look at the work of potters, tinsmiths and other craftsmen, buy the products you like, and again plunge into dancing, songs, fun, and treats.

Chukotka. The harsh region of permafrost, a place of extreme climate, the edge of the earth - Chukotka - hides incredibly beautiful landscapes and the rich ethnographic culture of the peoples inhabiting it.

Natural-ethnographic park "Beringia". The main place of ethnographic tourism in Russian Chukotka is the easternmost village of our country - “Uelen”, where the natural-ethnic park “Beringia” is located, visitors of which have a unique opportunity to become more familiar with the life of the northern peoples of the Eskimos and Chukchi. Here you will visit a bone-carving workshop and see the masterpieces that these people make from available materials - walrus bone and whalebone. The natural and ethnographic park "Beringia" was created in 1990 to preserve the unique Bering Sea hunting culture of the indigenous population of Chukotka - the Chukchi and Eskimos, as well as to protect the biological diversity of the territory. The park has more than three million hectares of territory. During your ethnographic tour to Chukotka, you will find yourself in a completely different cultural environment, learn what the true life and traditions of the peoples of the North are like, visit routes specially designed for tourists in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, on dog and reindeer sleds, and see objects located in the park Eskimo culture: “Whale Alley”, “Ekven” and “Kivak”. Driving along the coast, you will come across hundreds of settlements of local peoples dating back to different eras, which are built from whale bones. What's most interesting is that when scientists did radiocarbon dating of some of them, they turned out to be more than two and a half thousand years old. The languages of the Eskimos and Chukchi peoples, their religious, hunting, and everyday traditions, folklore, and knowledge passed on from father to son over thousands of years are incredibly interesting. To this day, the Eskimos and coastal Chukchi have preserved elements of their ancient hunting trade: a leather boat, a rotary harpoon, homemade float, which they make by inflating the skin of a seal, and a traditional team of sled dogs. For lovers of event tourism, we can recommend going to traditional holidays, where you will witness dog sled races, Chukchi kayak regattas, attend concerts of folklore groups, buy authentic souvenirs, including figurines carved from bone.

In total, seven thousand nationalities live in the world, and one hundred and fifty of them are in our country, so the question is - where to go on an ethnographic tour in Russia? - our compatriots don’t even have it.

A new form of travel and recreation is proposed by local communities based on tourism (Community Based Tourism), which are located in the Bostanlyk district of the Tashkent region, for those who come here in the spring-summer season to admire the mountain landscape, swim in Lake Charvak, and wander around slopes of the Chimgan or Kulosya mountains, pick medicinal herbs or fish in the Ugam River. What exactly? Cuisine of the plains and mountains. We heard about this at a meeting of journalists with Viktor Tsoi, the national coordinator International project EuropeAid on the conservation of the biodiversity of the Western Tien Shan, held in mid-May in Tashkent at the premises of the Rabat Malik Travelers Association. “Gastronomic tourism is something that has not yet been in demand by visitors to this region of Uzbekistan,” said V. Tsoi. - Many have heard that the cuisine of the mountaineers is excellent, but not every visitor to the beautiful places of Chimgan or, say, the village of Brichmulla, has tasted what it really is. Usually tourists, especially those who arrived in an unorganized manner, prepare food themselves, using fires or specially prepared local residents"cauldrons" (cauldron on bricks). But few people thought that biodiversity has provided such a set of products that have long been used as food by the local population. And that this could become a new direction of eco-tourism - gastronomy and cuisine of local residents. It turned out that a number of travel companies and SVT groups have developed a tourism product called “Gastronomy and folklore of Ugam-Chatkal natural park"(the fact is that a number of villages are located in the zone of this specially protected area), and now they offer it to residents of Tashkent, as well as to foreigners who consider themselves gourmets and do not refuse to experience “exotic” food. Previously, experts had a negative attitude towards picnics , calling them "Kazan-tourism" (or, analogously, pilaf-tourism, vodka-tourism), but then they realized that it was impossible to eradicate it, and it was not necessary. It was simply necessary to streamline this direction by offering people better world kitchens, instead of the usual barbecue and ketchup with beer. “I would like to note that this is not only the food that we prepare for tourists, using the natural gifts of our region, but also the traditions of their preparation, reception, as well as folklore and crafts that demonstrate our connection with the outside world,” emphasized the head of the SVT village of Brichmulla Rakhimov's risks. By the way, she recently received a notification from the President of the International Gastronomy Association Slow Food Carlo Petri that she has been accepted into membership of this organization, and her recipes for mountain Tajik cuisine will be included in multi-volume editions of the Ark of Taste encyclopedia. From the end of May, the tourist season begins in Bostanlik district: boarding houses, summer health camps, holiday homes, camp sites and hotels. An intensive flow of private cars and public transport, transporting tourists to places of recreation and entertainment. The final preparations are being completed for those facilities that will serve all visitors within three to four months - cable cars, cafe, rental office. Roads and bridges that were damaged by recent landslides caused by heavy spring rains are also being repaired. Nature has blossomed. All the sun is hotter. And for tourists, local residents are preparing new services - accommodation in cozy guest houses, excursions to the Giza plateau, to the Neanderthal cave, to old settlements that are several hundred years old. And among the surprises are cuisine and folklore. Residents of three villages - Chimgan, Brichmulla and Chimgan and employees of the Tashkent company "Elena-tour" invited several Tashkent journalists to try out a new tourism product. And, you know, we didn’t refuse. Especially because they were preparing for the holiday - International Biodiversity Day (May 22), which promised us many interesting meetings and spectacles. "GOLDEN BRICHMULLA" The journey began on May 20, 2005 at exactly seven o'clock in the morning. The travel agency's car gathered us all, still sleepy, but anticipating amazing adventures, in the city center - near the Hamid Olimdzhan metro station. There were four of us, and we sat in a Nexia car. Soon the wind was whistling in our ears, the rays were hitting our eyes, and the car was rushing us towards the mountains, the peaks of which could be distinguished on such a sunny morning. I looked at the snow-white peaks, barely covered by rare clouds, and thought how beautiful it was there. My comrades also wanted to get there quickly. We left the capital quite quickly. No one stopped us on the way, although there were fears that after the Andijan uprising (May 13-14), a state of emergency was introduced in the Tashkent region, and access for vacationers to tourism resources limited. Yes, we encountered local police checkpoints along the way, but the machine gunners did not pay attention to us (only at the entrance to the village of Brichmulla, when we were crossing the bridge, a policeman checked our documents, wrote down the information in his notebook, and allowed us to move on). The new highway seemed very convenient to us. The speed went beyond one hundred and fifty kilometers per hour, and there was no shaking. It’s not for nothing that huge funds were poured here from the state budget (in some places the highway had artificial lighting). True, approaching the “barrel” (that’s the name of the crossroads of roads flowing around Lake Charvak), we slowed down and began to carefully climb the mountains. The road here was also not bad, only the huge stones standing along the edges aroused suspicion: it was clear that they had rolled here by the will of nature. “As if such a cobblestone wouldn’t fall on our heads,” we involuntarily thought. But that didn't stop us. Only in one section did we have to move off the road onto a dirt road, as a landslide demolished part of the road and covered someone’s house (I hope there were no casualties). Bulldozer drivers and dump trucks were already working there, clearing the path. The weather was great. In the sun, the surface of Charvak shone like a polished bucket. Soon we arrived at the village of Brichmulla. And they were waiting for us. As soon as the car stopped at the school, the sounds of a national melody were heard. We were greeted with bread and salt, as well as a cup of kaymak (sour cream). Children dressed in national costumes looked at us cheerfully and invited us to the holiday in Tajik, Uzbek, and Russian. The school was filled with people, it seemed that the entire village and neighbors had come here to boot. Well, it was exactly two thousand. Among the guests are elders, elders, respected people (heads of local authorities). Risks Rakhimova announced the beginning of the holiday. Let me tell you, it was very interesting. The first part consisted of theatrical skits about how one should not treat nature in a predatory manner. Schoolchildren in costumes performed the role with such passion and feeling that any professional actor would envy them. We were shown numbers of how hunters do not spare birds - chukars, eagles, how a careless son littered around his house, putting his parents in an awkward position, how a person does not know how to be friends with the sun, water, grass, earth, animals. This was wonderful, especially considering that the scenes were created by the children themselves (they also sewed the costumes with the help of their parents). But the most pleasing thing was the elementary school children, dressed in fruit and vegetable outfits, who played a fairy tale. The second part is folklore. Here we saw beautiful mountain Tajik songs and dances performed by school groups"Guncha", "Sadbarg". Simple white dresses and bright embroidery were in perfect harmony with the surrounding space and the spiritual aura that the girls created around themselves. And the movements are nothing short of charming. It was clear that the performers had shed more than one hour and more than one drop of sweat during rehearsals, preparing to show their clear and measured movements, steps and pirouettes to those who would come to the celebration. Teenagers from the group "Nilufar" demonstrated choral singing, and also caused a storm of applause. But the members of the folklore group “Novbahor” performed Tajik songs in a modern interpretation, dancing, they rhythmically knocked wooden spoons, which they squeezed with the fingers of one hand. Teachers and high school students from the group "Lola" showed that they are familiar with both Uzbek and Russian folklore. After that, we were taken to the school, where the local history museum was located. It had just begun to function and did not have a significant amount of exhibits, but what it already had aroused respect for the school director. She managed to find ancient scarves and clothes (black men's robes - chapans, light women's robes - yalak, burqa, belts), shoes (boots, called chukai), which were worn even before the revolution. A huge number of fabrics with patterns - suzani, handicrafts. Among the material assets are oil lamps, jugs, mortars, spoons, plates, tools and other household utensils of the century before last. All this was demonstrated in semi-darkness, which created a special impression for us. By the way, as Rakhimova said, her students promised to bring what is often found in the ruins of settlements and on the shore of the lake (Charvak - artificial lake , in the 60s, builders, having erected a dam, flooded many ancient villages). By the way, there are many “black archaeologists” here who find gold, copper and silver coins, as well as items made of metal and stone, but you understand that all this flows abroad. “And the last thing is gastronomy,” said Risky, opening the way for us to the next room. We entered the room and were stunned. The entire long table was filled with various dishes. It’s even difficult for me to describe their number and volume, but we immediately realized that we couldn’t overcome all this in a month, even if we moved our jaws intensively. Thank God, the elders were called to help, and we sat down to eat together. First, they served dairy dishes - kaymak, kurtova (this is a liquid soup made from crushed kurt - dry cottage cheese + greens). The aroma tickled the nostrils, and the tongue tasted salt, milk, and herbs. Then they brought seven types of flatbreads, made in completely different ways: with oil, with salted water, with meat, with onions, with fat, with herbs. These are thin baked "patyrs" and fried plates of "katlama", huge kilogram "cham-patyrs" with grass and others, the name of which I - alas! - I didn’t remember. But they promised to show us how bread products are prepared in the national house, which significantly enlivened our impressions. Next, came the first courses: cold soups of milk, corn and greens (I don’t remember the name). Before we had time to put this down, they served “shir-birich” - hot milk soup + rice + ghee. "Tunuk" - pancakes with spices - was served on the table. Porridge "Budina" - starch from the so-called mountain potatoes - the "olgi" plant (name in Tajik) - was also tasty, but the female half leaned on it. By the way, this plant is also used to make jelly “kaudak” (+ thyme, raikhon + sour milk) - we tried it too. According to residents, they are good for the stomach. But what is considered most useful for women is “atalla” - a liquid porridge that is served to them after childbirth, supposedly it restores strength and strengthens the body. The men, you understand, took a light sip, thinking, well, it’s delicious, after all, this is not food for the weaker sex, we should have had more of it... They brought it more of it. There was Brichmullin style pilaf, dried roots of the “ozhit” plant, jam from revel (“kislyachka”) called “rivozh”, and mulberry and grape fruits (they are boiled in their own juice, which releases fructose, no need to add sugar) - “ tires". Meanwhile, our digestive system was filling up with layers, and we did not feel the desire to stop this process. Before we had time to finish the above dishes, they brought “jahori-erma-butka” - a semi-liquid dish made from wheat + meat (it was simmered for more than 2-3 hours). My vision grew dim when they brought cabbage rolls made from wild onions “Kuk-piez” and from grape leaves with eggs, a dish called “kazan-kabob” - stewed goat meat, kebab of porcini mushrooms, dumplings with mint, Korean pilaf (add potatoes ), crushed dried apples, mulberries, sweet millet and many, many other things that my stomach, for example, did not fit into. I raised my hands and gave up. “That’s it, I can’t take it anymore,” I whispered, feeling that I needed to collapse somewhere to digest all this. They served tea made from various plants, and I refreshed my throat. They gave us a couple of hours to rest. And then we drove towards the Kulosya canyon. It was there that they showed a private guest house, where old women demonstrated the skill of making flatbreads as if in a theater. They kneaded the dough, cut it into pieces, gave it a shape, wet it with salt water and began to throw it into the “tandoor” - a clay oven, where logs were already burning. At the same time, various songs were sung to us. And among the greenery, the murmur of the river, on an ottoman (a bed-platform that can accommodate a large number of people), we were again treated to dishes - samsa (pie) made from the "yalpiz" grass, soups and porridge, mountain honey, almonds, bones. I don't understand how I managed to eat this. But I admit, my belly spread out, and I even had to refasten my belt several notches. Having given us the opportunity to relax in nature, we were taken to another place - to the mountains. The Nexia couldn’t get up there, so we moved to a UAZ and a Zhiguli, which were adapted for mountain racing. In five minutes we were already at one of the peaks, from where we could see the beauty of Lake Charvak, the surrounding mountains, greenery and rivers. The guest house was built in old traditions - from clay and wood. Everything inside is lined with carpets and suzani. A small table, “kurpacha” (like mattresses), pillows - and again treats - samsa made from dandelions and other herbs, sour cream, soups, sweets... That day we went to bed, feeling that our stomachs were in a state of shock. They had never tried such a variety of mountain cuisine. By the way, we were accommodated with Risky’s brother - the house was well-groomed and tidy, good living conditions for tourists. Just before my eyes closed, I heard a song the girls were singing. They sang in Russian, from the classics of the Nikitin bards. About “Golden Brichmulla”... “ALPAMYSH” IN CHIMGAN The next day we were taken to Chimgan. This is a village located 40 kilometers from Brichmulla. The road was clean, in particular, the landslide had been cleared, and therefore we reached our destination without any problems. They were waiting for us there too. I would like to note that if Brichmulla is a Tajik village, then Chimgan is a Kazakh-Kyrgyz village. What is the difference? Well, not only in ethnicity (Tajiks are Persians, Kazakhs and Kyrgyz are Turks, a different language group), but also in their way of life: Tajiks are farmers, Kazakhs and Kyrgyz are nomads. Only here there is one specificity - mountain ethnic groups live in Chimgan, and in this they differ from the steppe ethnic groups who live on the territory of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. And therefore the culture here is somewhat different compared to historical homeland . Be that as it may, a warm welcome awaited us. Girls dressed in national Kazakh costumes were invited to places of honor. And then the concert began. At first there was a school story on the topic of the harmful influence of humans on nature, and we noticed that we attracted not only high school students, but also children from first grade to the theatrical production. There were songs and dances from Kazakh-Kyrgyz folklore, we were invited to dance along with the participants (albeit to a modern Kazakh hit), which we did with great pleasure (we need to prepare a place for the next treat!). But most of all we liked the production of "Alpamysh". This is a folk epic about a hero who fought against injustice for the happiness of his family and friends. It is difficult to say which ethnic group Alpamysh specifically belongs to (there is some debate), but it was clear that he was a nomad. And so we enjoyed watching the entire performance of the actors from among the students and teachers. Oh my God, how well the costumes, paraphernalia were chosen (they even put up a yurt), and horses. As the village leader Bakhtiyar Rezhepov told us, it was difficult to find ancient clothes, because not all families kept them. We had to prepare our own swords and bows and arrows. But we got the greatest pleasure from the acting. The 11th grade student who played brother Alpamysh tried especially hard. According to legend, he was captured by nukers (servants) on the orders of the bai (feudal lord) and tortured for not insulting his parents. A sob was heard among the guests: the old women invited to the celebration were crying. And my colleagues sat with red eyes. We have to agree: the guy played with feeling and evoked certain emotions in us. But as always happens in fairy tales, a happy ending is guaranteed - and joy reigns on earth. We thanked the actors and expressed the hope that other tourists would find it just as interesting here. This is where the folklore ends. Although they promised to play the dombra and songs about the free Kazakh life in the evening (unfortunately, for various reasons this did not happen). We were accommodated in Bakhtiyar's cottage; the house, by the way, was located next to the main road, and it was convenient for those arriving by car. There was also a cafe here - on the second floor of another building, and a swimming pool, which turned out to be without water. The owner expressed a desire to fill it, but we asked not to do this, since it was still a little cold outside - only the day before yesterday there was a hailstorm here. Don't forget, Chimgan is a mountain village. As you understand, after folklore there is lunch. According to the travel program, it was called “Auyl dastarkhani”. And then we got a second wind, although our stomachs were still barely digesting the Brichmullin food. Kazakh dishes were served on the table. The first was “zhupka” - this is dough baked without butter + broth + fried onions + greens. We devoured it in one sitting. Then they brought “tarak-oshi” - millet, which is first boiled and then... fried, pounded and mixed with sour cream or milk. The “zhent” dish is dried cottage cheese, which is fried, then fried millet is added to it, ground in a mortar, butter is added, and rolled into balls. You understand, there were flatbreads, huge kurts, and kumiss. “Kazakh men should have three Ks,” said Bakhtiyar, who also became a member of Sloe Food. - This is “K” - “kyz” (girl), the second “K” is kumys (mare’s milk), the third “K” is “kazy” (horse meat). We don’t offer the first, but you can try the second and third. Indeed, mountain kumiss is very tasty, and it contains a certain amount of natural alcohol. Maybe it's because of the grasses the horses eat. And kazy is served together with a dish called “beshbarmak”. This is a broth with dough strips + meat + onions + herbs. Unlike the sedate "beshbarmak", fragrant herbs predominated in Chimgan. It is eaten with our hands, but we, not accustomed to such simplicity, preferred to use spoons and forks. I note that this is not easy: the dough kept slipping out of the spoon, and I had to pierce the plates with forks. To speed up the digestion process, we were offered a cooling drink “bosa” (like beer, with alcohol up to 9%), it is made from millet in warm water, leaven is given... fermentation occurs... You yourself understand that it becomes fun for a man in the steppe or in the mountains after this drink, it makes you want to sing songs and dance. After a hearty lunch, we rested a little on the slippers (like the above-mentioned "ottoman") under a tree, some of us rode a horse, some walked around the neighborhood, taking photographs and talking with local residents. We slept well, I personally dreamed of Alpamysh’s wife... I don’t know why... “FRAGING FLOWERS OF KHUMSAN” Khumsan greeted us as warmly as the previous villages. I will add that this is an Uzbek village, and therefore slightly different traditions prevail here than in Chimgan and Brichmulla. Folklore was organized at school. The girls sang songs and dances, albeit to a tape recorder, but this did not take away the interest. French tourists also wandered here and, having heard the music, came here like bees to honey. They watched with interest the performance of schoolchildren entitled “The Kashgar Legend,” which was once written by the writer Sharaf Rashidov (who is also the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan), and were satisfied. After the concert, a gastronomic period began, which, you know, ended with an increase in weight by several kilograms. They offered "skirt" pancakes, "shurpa" soup (beef meat + potatoes + carrots + peas + broth with herbs), Chimgan-style pilaf (it also contains a lot of herbs), fresh vegetable salads, dairy products - cheese, butter and kurt. And many, many flowers on the tables. The Khumsan people themselves call their tourist product “Fragrant flowers of Khumsan”. The head of the SVT village, Farkhod Akramov, said that horses are ready for guests to hike around the surrounding area. After a hearty lunch, who wouldn’t want to shake it all up in the stomach to speed up the process there? And we rode for two hours. The horse I came across was good, kind, it did not kick, and therefore the adventures passed without any extraordinary incidents. We sunbathed a little near the Ugam River (the water there is - brrrrr! - cold, because it flows from glaciers), and at six o'clock in the evening we left for Tashkent. The folklore and gastronomic tour has ended, leaving us with pleasant memories and impressions. I had to go on a diet to regain my previous weight. And I am writing about this for you, dear readers, if you want to go to the Bostanlyk district, then know about it... Alisher TAKSANOV, Association of Travelers of Uzbekistan "Rabat Malik"

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9i-3_ Folk culture as the basis of event tourism

Introduction………………………………………………………………3

Event tourism as an integral part of the tourism industry………………………………………………………………19

Examples of event tours based on Russian folk culture……………………………………………………………… ……..25

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….31

References………………………………………………………………………………33

Introduction

As a rule, any tourist trip involves entertainment. People hit the road for new unforgettable experiences, thrills and positive emotions. Recreation, combined with entertainment, prevails among other travel purposes and forms the most massive tourist flows in the world. Visiting vibrant and often unique events in cultural, sports or business life on a regional or global scale is the basis of event tourism. Event tour operators associate certain destinations with specific events. There are a huge variety of reasons for organizing event tours. Entertainment on a tourist trip can be associated with visiting various events (sports competitions, festivals, competitions, shows, carnivals, etc.). In the world of culture, various festivals are popular, which are held annually in many countries around the world and are represented by art festivals, classical, jazz and rock, folk music festivals, film festivals, flower festivals, etc. Significant events in the world of music include concerts of world celebrities.

The most spectacular world-class events are carnivals, historically timed to coincide with the beginning of the Catholic Lent. However, along with carnival celebrations, there is a large number of folk holidays, festivals of national cultures, fairs.

In this regard, the relevance of event tourism research is of particular importance due to theoretical and practical needs.

The purpose of this course work– study the role of folk culture as the basis of event tourism.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

Consider elements of folk culture in tourism;

Study the recreational essence of folk culture;

Expand the concept of event tourism;

Give examples of event tours based on Russian folk culture.

The work is based on the works of Aleksandrov A.Yu., Babkin A.V., Kvartalnov V.A., Kuskov A.S., Sapozhnikova E.N., Senin V.S. and etc.

1. Folk culture as a factor of human motivation

Elements of folk culture

Folk culture, being very firmly rooted in the past, now looks quite blurred, permeable to the most different directions a modern, very multi-layered culture that widely assimilates their elements and traditions and therefore does not have a clear, generally accepted understanding.

The concept of “folk culture” (and especially “people”) is associated with a variety of everyday associations, mostly value ideas, sometimes of a purely populist nature. In the most general form, we can say that folk culture in the public consciousness correlates with many concepts and objects, the name of which contains the definition “folk”. They are represented very widely in culture and language: folk art, folk art, folk wisdom, rumor, folk traditions, legends, beliefs, songs, dances, proverbs, folk craftsmen, healers, etc. 1

Culture is a historically determined level of development of society, creative powers and abilities of a person, expressed in the types and forms of organization of people’s lives and activities, in their relationships, as well as in the material and spiritual values created by them. This is a general, philosophical definition of culture. In addition to it, there are several more definitions of the concept of “culture”, each of them has its own refraction in tourism and significance for the development of the tourism business. 2

Folkloristics is the science of tradition and its laws among civilized nations; the science of everything that is transmitted orally - knowledge, techniques, recipes, rules and customs, verbal expressions and superstitions, fairy tales, legends, etc. Within the framework of this topic, mainly one aspect of tradition is considered - traditions in artistic culture, the role of traditions in folk art. Folklore or ethnic traditions can be rural (village), urban, bourgeois, aristocratic. For example, craft methods of labor of former times, used at the present time, not prepared by theory, are folklore. Industrial or factory methods of creating apparently “handicraft” products, developed with the help of technology and theory, are not folklore. Ethnographic traditions are typical for the tribe. This is that part of artistic culture that is inseparable from the main carrier - man. The preservation and transfer of accumulated experience is carried out directly by the transfer (from senior to junior) of established forms of behavior, skills, and concepts. For example, traditional, folk (ethnographic) holidays: economic calendar, religious, family and personal. The degree of significance of each group is determined by the influence of the tradition underlying them, in cultural life ethnicity.

At the same time, the degree of their significance in culture decreases in exactly this sequence. The large role of economic calendar holidays is due to their eventuality in the life of the tribe. Modern national and social traditions include the extraterritorialized part of artistic culture (derived outside the person himself), preserved and transmitted through a system of means public information(books, paintings, diagrams, graphs, floppy disks, videotapes, etc.).

But the most striking, complex and characteristic form of tradition is a mass holiday - this is the rhythm of life, its meaning is not in entertainment and relaxation, but in satisfying the need of people to realize collective memory, to participate in co-creation - a dialogue between the past and the future, in other words, the need to be in the thick of life, to feel its pulse and living breath. The formation of certain stereotypes of artistic and ethnic culture proceeded gradually as ethnic groups developed. Already at the tribal level, people had not only an established clear system of customs, but also rituals and ceremonies, covering almost all spheres of culture and creative activity.

Further, at the national level, they developed and became more complex, sometimes acquiring the force of law, determining not only the characteristics of people’s culture, but also the place of the individual in society. In this regard, complex ceremonies were created, which determined the emergence of special movements or trends in artistic culture, for example, in knightly culture.

Customs, rites, rituals and ceremonies in modern society (when folk art, art and mass culture coexist at the same time) change very quickly.4 Some of them remain unchanged, but only in certain, narrowly professional spheres of activity or in archaic cultures. Although the main form of implementing traditions remains a holiday in the broad sense of the word. A feature of modern holidays (state, religious, public, domestic and international, including professional, sports, thematic, family and personal) is the inclusion of any other forms of traditions, primarily shows, in their composition.

Each element of ethnographic heritage has a distinct geographical localization. This applies to clothing, household utensils, jewelry, homes, and ornaments, which allows them to be used as ethnic markers that characterize the characteristics of ethnic culture and the degree of its attractiveness for tourism. The greater the number of such ethnic markers that exist in a given territory, the more specific and unique they are, the higher the degree of attractiveness of this territory, people, and culture for tourism.

All these elements together and each of them separately are the result, or product, of folk art. There are quite a lot of types of folk art, so it is advisable to start characterizing them by listing the main types represented in this territory.

The most important element of folk art and at the same time material production is artistic craft.

The greatest interest in folk art is the direct creative process of creating or reproducing experience. That is why the opportunity for meetings and direct contact with folk craftsmen is so important for tourism. But even if we are talking about a specially prepared ethnographic show, it still gives tourists great pleasure. Specially trained ethnographic groups perform folklore scenes for tourists using various forms of traditional creativity: ritual songs and dances, elements of holidays, feasts with the preparation of folk cuisine. Less often are opportunities to become acquainted with the characteristics of a local traditional religion or belief or to take part in traditional types of work. Typically, a lack of specific data limits the ability to compile such a profile. But most relevant sources of information contain descriptions of folk (regional or local) cuisine, holidays, clothing, features of residential, religious and outbuildings, interior, etc.; they must be used to their full potential.

Folk art is alive with regional, local traditions, preserved mainly in rural areas. Some sources of information provide the names of ethnographic settlements that have preserved the traditional way of life. The presence of such settlements is a favorable prerequisite for the development of tourism. Folk art centers have been established in major tourist areas. The presence (name and location) and, if possible, the composition of types of folk art in such centers must be indicated in the characteristics.

Folk art is the process, act, phenomenon of creating works that reflect the peculiarities of the worldview and aesthetic ideals of a certain people (ethnic group).

Folk art reflects the degree and extent of the organic connection between art and the life of the people. Folk art has two sides: utilitarian and aesthetic. The main property of folk (traditional) creativity is collectivity. 3

Festivals that widely present various types and elements of national fine art are also popular. For example, a characteristic feature of the Edinburgh festival, which regularly takes place in Scotland, is that it introduces not only the works of local artists, but also the work of local composers, folklore and others - everything that is of interest to tourists.

Music and dancing. The musical potential of the region is one of the attractive elements of culture. In some countries, music is a major factor in attracting tourists. Well-known music festivals attract thousands of participants every year. Many resort hotels introduce their guests to national music during evening entertainment programs, folklore evenings and concerts. Audio tapes of national music are widely sold. in most tourist centers, they serve as an excellent means of introducing tourists to the culture of the people.

Ethnic dances are a characteristic element of national culture. Almost every region has its own national dance. Tourists can be introduced to dance at special shows, folklore evenings, and during entertainment programs. Vivid examples of dance as an expression national culture are the dances of the peoples of Africa, Polynesian, Japanese Kabuki dance, Russian ballet, etc.

Folk crafts. The region receiving tourists should offer them a wide range of souvenirs made (in a factory or handicraft way) by local craftsmen and artisans. Souvenirs are a good memory of the country. However, it should be remembered that a souvenir made not in the country of visit, but in another one, loses its significance for the tourist and is perceived as a fake.

An extraordinary large-scale cultural event was organized in Singapore to mark the beginning of the third millennium. The most sensational Asian holiday "Millenia Mania" was designed for a long period - from June 1999 to August 2000. Tourists participated in fantastic events, festivals, and entertainment shows that made the turn of the millennium unforgettable. The celebration was carried out in accordance with the Singapore Tourism Board's Tourism XXI plan, which envisages a significant expansion of the Chinatown area, the restoration project of which is estimated at almost US$57 billion. According to the project, within three years Chinatown should become the liveliest district of Singapore, reflecting its historical past. The Tourism Office has developed a plan for special events unique to Chinatown: celebrating the New Year according to the Chinese calendar, performing the “lion dance,” wushu competitions, etc. Ethnic zones will appear near Chinatown, for example, “Little India.” The millennium celebrations are expected to transform the city from a run-of-the-mill tourist destination into a tourism capital of the 21st century.

Religion. Pilgrimage is the oldest type of travel, known to mankind for thousands of years. Up to 80% of tourist attractions are iconic; for example, in Paris, iconic objects account for 44%. The motives for a pilgrimage journey are the spiritual desire to visit religious centers and holy places, especially revered in a particular religion, the performance of religious rites, etc. The motivation comes either from the instructions of the religion (for example, every Muslim must perform the Hajj to Mecca) or from religious aspirations and a person's beliefs. There are a number of outstanding monuments of religious architecture in the world: Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral in France, St. Peter's Cathedral in Italy, etc., which act as the most important objects of tourist interest and attract tourists from all over the world. 4

Description of work

The purpose of this course work is to study the role of folk culture as the basis of event tourism.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
- consider elements of folk culture in tourism;
- study the recreational essence of folk culture;
- reveal the concept of event tourism;
- give examples of event tours based on Russian folk culture.

Content

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………3
Folk culture as a factor of human motivation……………5
Elements of folk culture……………………………………….5
Recreational essence of folk culture……………………..11
Event tourism as an integral part of the tourism industry…………………………………………………………………………………19
The concept of event tourism……………………………………..19
Examples of event tours based on Russian folk culture……………………………………………………………..25
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….31
References…………………………………………………………………………………33

To eat or not to eat?

Gastronomic tourism is something that has not yet been in demand by visitors to this region of Uzbekistan,” said V. Tsoi. - Many have heard that the cuisine of the mountaineers is excellent, but not every visitor to the beautiful places of Chimgan or, say, the village of Brichmulla, has tasted what it really is. Usually tourists, especially those who arrived in an unorganized manner, prepare food themselves, using fires or “cauldrons” (cauldrons on bricks) specially prepared by local residents. But few people thought that biodiversity has provided such a set of products that have long been used as food by the local population. And that this could become a new direction of eco-tourism - gastronomy and cuisine of local residents.

It turned out that a number of travel companies and SVT groups have developed a tourism product called “Gastronomy and folklore of the Ugam-Chatkal Natural Park” (the fact is that a number of villages are located in the zone of this specially protected area), and now offer it to residents of Tashkent, as well as foreigners who consider themselves gourmets and do not refuse to explore “exotic” food. Previously, experts had a negative attitude towards picnics, calling them “Kazan-tourism” (or, analogously, pilaf-tourism, vodka-tourism), but then they realized that it was impossible to eradicate it, and it was not necessary. It is simply necessary to streamline this direction, offering people the best world of cuisine, instead of the usual barbecue and ketchup with beer.

“I would like to note that this is not only the food that we prepare for tourists, using the natural gifts of our region, but also the traditions of their preparation, reception, as well as folklore and crafts that demonstrate our connection with the outside world,” emphasized the head of the SVT village Brichmulla Riski Rakhimov. By the way, she recently received a notification from the President of the International Gastronomy Association Slow Food Carlo Petri that she has been accepted into membership of this organization, and her recipes for mountain Tajik cuisine will be included in multi-volume editions of the Ark of Taste encyclopedia.

From the end of May, the tourist season begins in the Bostanlyk region: boarding houses, summer health camps, holiday homes, tourist centers and hotels open. An intensive flow of private cars and public transport will begin along the new high-speed highway from the capital of the republic, bypassing the cities of Chirchik and Gazalkent, to the territory of Khumsan, Charvak, Chimgan and Kulosya, carrying tourists to places of recreation and entertainment. The final preparations are being completed for those facilities that will serve all visitors within three to four months - cable cars, cafes, rental offices. Roads and bridges that were damaged by recent landslides caused by heavy spring rains are also being repaired.

Nature has blossomed. The sun is getting hotter. And for tourists, local residents are preparing new services - accommodation in cozy guest houses, excursions to the Giza plateau, to the Neanderthal cave, to old settlements that are several hundred years old. And among the surprises are cuisine and folklore.

Residents of the villages of Chimgan and Brichmully and employees of the Tashkent company "Elena-tour" invited several Tashkent journalists to try out a new tourism product. And, you know, we didn’t refuse. Especially because they were preparing for the holiday - International Biodiversity Day (May 22), which promised us many interesting meetings and spectacles.

"Golden Brichmulla"

The journey began on May 20, 2005 at exactly seven o'clock in the morning. The travel agency's car gathered us all, still sleepy, but anticipating amazing adventures, in the city center - near the Hamid Olimdzhan metro station. There were four of us, and we sat in a Nexia car.

Soon the wind was whistling in our ears, the rays were hitting our eyes, and the car was rushing us towards the mountains, the peaks of which could be distinguished on such a sunny morning. I looked at the snow-white peaks, barely covered by rare clouds, and thought how beautiful it was there. My comrades also wanted to get there quickly.

We left the capital quite quickly. Nobody stopped us along the way, although there were fears that after the Andijan uprising (May 13-14), a state of emergency was introduced in the Tashkent region, and access for vacationers to tourist resources was limited. Yes, we encountered local police checkpoints along the way, but the machine gunners did not pay attention to us (only at the entrance to the village of Brichmulla, when we were crossing the bridge, a policeman checked our documents, wrote down the information in his notebook, and allowed us to move on).

The new highway seemed very convenient to us. The speed went beyond one hundred and fifty kilometers per hour, and there was no shaking. It’s not for nothing that huge funds were poured here from the state budget (in some places the highway had artificial lighting). True, approaching the “barrel” (that’s the name of the crossroads of roads flowing around Lake Charvak), we slowed down and began to carefully climb the mountains. The road here was also not bad, only the huge stones standing along the edges aroused suspicion: it was clear that they had rolled here by the will of nature. “As if such a cobblestone wouldn’t fall on our heads,” we involuntarily thought. But that didn't stop us. Only in one section did we have to move off the road onto a dirt road, as a landslide demolished part of the road and covered someone’s house (I hope there were no casualties). Bulldozer drivers and dump trucks were already working there, clearing the path.

The weather was great. In the sun, the surface of Charvak shone like a polished bucket. Soon we arrived at the village of Brichmulla. And they were waiting for us. As soon as the car stopped at the school, the sounds of a national melody were heard. We were greeted with bread and salt, as well as a cup of kaymak (sour cream). Children dressed in national costumes looked at us cheerfully and invited us to the holiday in Tajik, Uzbek, and Russian.

The school was filled with people, it seemed that the entire village and neighbors had come here to boot. Well, it was exactly two thousand. Among the guests are elders, elders, respected people (heads of local authorities). Risks Rakhimova announced the beginning of the holiday.

Let me tell you, it was very interesting. The first part consisted of theatrical skits about how one should not treat nature in a predatory manner. Schoolchildren in costumes performed the role with such passion and feeling that any professional actor would envy them. We were shown numbers of how hunters do not spare birds - chukars, eagles, how a careless son littered around his house, putting his parents in an awkward position, how a person does not know how to be friends with the sun, water, grass, earth, animals. This was wonderful, especially considering that the scenes were created by the children themselves (they also sewed the costumes with the help of their parents). But the most pleasing thing was the elementary school children, dressed in fruit and vegetable outfits, who played a fairy tale.

The second part is folklore. Here we saw wonderful mountain Tajik songs and dances performed by school groups “Guncha” and “Sadbarg”. Simple white dresses and bright embroidery were in perfect harmony with the surrounding space and the spiritual aura that the girls created around themselves. And the movements are nothing short of charming. It was clear that the performers had shed more than one hour and more than one drop of sweat during rehearsals, preparing to show their clear and measured movements, steps and pirouettes to those who would come to the celebration.

Teenagers from the group "Nilufar" demonstrated choral singing, and also caused a storm of applause. But the members of the folklore group “Novbahor” performed Tajik songs in a modern interpretation, dancing, they rhythmically knocked wooden spoons, which they squeezed with the fingers of one hand. Teachers and high school students from the group "Lola" showed that they are familiar with both Uzbek and Russian folklore.

After that, we were taken to the school, where the local history museum was located. It had just begun to function and did not have a significant amount of exhibits, but what it already had aroused respect for the school director. She managed to find ancient scarves and clothes (black men's robes - chapans, light women's robes - yalak, burqa, belts), shoes (boots, called chukai), which were worn even before the revolution. A huge number of fabrics with patterns - suzani, handicrafts. Among the material assets are oil lamps, jugs, mortars, spoons, plates, tools and other household utensils of the century before last. All this was demonstrated in semi-darkness, which created a special impression for us. By the way, as Rakhimova said, her students promised to bring what they often find in the ruins of settlements and on the shore of the lake (Charvak is an artificial lake; in the 60s, builders, having built a dam, flooded many ancient villages). By the way, there are many “black archaeologists” here who find gold, copper and silver coins, as well as items made of metal and stone, but you yourself understand that this all flows abroad.

And the last thing is gastronomy,” said Risky, opening the way for us to the next room. We entered the room and were stunned. The entire long table was filled with various dishes. It’s even difficult for me to describe their number and volume, but we immediately realized that we couldn’t overcome all this in a month, even if we moved our jaws intensively. Thank God, the elders were called to help, and we sat down to eat together.

First, they served dairy dishes - kaymak, kurtova (this is a liquid soup made from crushed kurt - dry cottage cheese + greens). The aroma tickled the nostrils, and the tongue tasted salt, milk, and herbs. Then they brought seven types of flatbreads, made in completely different ways: with oil, with salted water, with meat, with onions, with fat, with herbs. These are thin baked "patyrs" and fried plates of "katlama", huge kilogram "cham-patyrs" with grass and others, the name of which I - alas! - I didn’t remember. But they promised to show us how bread products are prepared in the national house, which significantly enlivened our impressions.

Next, came the first courses: cold soups made from milk, corn and herbs (I don’t remember the name). Before we had time to put this down, they served “shir-birich” - hot milk soup + rice + ghee. "Tunuk" - pancakes with spices - was served on the table. Porridge "Budina" - starch from the so-called mountain potatoes - the "olgi" plant (name in Tajik) - was also tasty, but the female half leaned on it. By the way, this plant is also used to make jelly “kaudak” (+ thyme, raikhon + sour milk) - we tried it too. According to residents, they are good for the stomach. But what is considered most useful for women is “atalla” - a liquid porridge that is served to them after childbirth, supposedly it restores strength and strengthens the body. The men, you know, took a light sip, thinking, well, it’s delicious, after all, this is not food for the weaker sex, we would like to have more meat...

They brought it closer. There was Brichmullin style pilaf, dried roots of the “ozhit” plant, rhubarb jam (“kislyachka”) called “rivoch”, and mulberry and grape fruits (they are boiled in their own juice, which releases fructose, no need to add sugar) - “ tires". Meanwhile, our digestive system was filling up with layers, and we did not feel the desire to stop this process. Before we had time to finish the above dishes, they brought “jahori-erma-butka” - a semi-liquid dish made from wheat + meat (it was simmered for more than 2-3 hours).

My vision grew dim when they brought cabbage rolls made from wild onions “Kuk-piez” and from grape leaves with eggs, a dish called “kazan-kabob” - stewed goat meat, kebab of porcini mushrooms, dumplings with mint, Korean pilaf (add potatoes ), crushed dried apples, mulberries, sweet millet and many, many other things that my stomach, for example, did not fit into. I raised my hands and gave up.

That’s it, I can’t take it anymore,” I whispered, feeling that I needed to collapse somewhere to digest all this. They served tea made from various plants, and I refreshed my throat.

They gave us a couple of hours to rest. And then we drove towards the Kulosya canyon. It was there that they showed a private guest house, where old women, like in a theater, demonstrated their skill in making flatbreads. They kneaded the dough, cut it into pieces, gave it a shape, wet it with salt water and began to throw it into the “tandoor” - a clay oven, where logs were already burning. At the same time, various songs were sung to us. And among the greenery, the murmur of the river, on an ottoman (a bed-platform that can accommodate a large number of people), we were again treated to dishes - samsa (pie) made from the "yalpiz" grass, soups and porridge, mountain honey, almonds, bones. I don't understand how I managed to eat this. But I admit, my belly spread out, and I even had to refasten my belt several notches.

Having given us the opportunity to relax in nature, we were taken to another place - to the mountains. The Nexia couldn’t get up there, so we moved to a UAZ and a Zhiguli, which were adapted for mountain racing. In five minutes we were already at one of the peaks, from where we could see the beauty of Lake Charvak, the surrounding mountains, greenery and rivers.

The guest house was built in old traditions - from clay and wood. Everything inside is lined with carpets and suzani. A small table, “kurpacha” (like mattresses), pillows - and again treats - samsa made from dandelions and other herbs, sour cream, soups, sweets...

That day we went to bed, feeling our stomachs were in shock. They had never tried such a variety of mountain cuisine. By the way, we were accommodated with Risky’s brother - the house was well-groomed and tidy, good living conditions for tourists.

Just before my eyes closed, I heard a song the girls were singing. They sang in Russian, from the classics of the Nikitin bards. About "Golden Brichmulla"…

"Alpamysh" in Chimgan

The next day we were taken to Chimgan. This is a village located 40 kilometers from Brichmulla. The road was clean, in particular, the landslide had been cleared, and therefore we reached our destination without any problems. They were waiting for us there too.

I would like to note that if Brichmulla is a Tajik village, then Chimgan is a Kazakh-Kyrgyz village. What is the difference? Well, not only in ethnicity (Tajiks are Persians, Kazakhs and Kyrgyz are Turks, a different language group), but also in their way of life: Tajiks are farmers, Kazakhs and Kyrgyz are nomads. Only here there is one specificity - mountain peoples live in Chimgan, and in this they differ from the steppe peoples who live on the territory of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. And therefore the culture here is somewhat different compared to its historical homeland.

Be that as it may, a warm welcome awaited us. Girls dressed in national Kazakh costumes were invited to places of honor. And then the concert began. At first there was a school story on the topic of the harmful influence of humans on nature, and we noticed that we attracted not only high school students, but also children from first grade to the theatrical production. There were songs and dances from Kazakh-Kyrgyz folklore, we were invited to dance along with the participants (albeit to a modern Kazakh hit), which we did with great pleasure (we need to prepare a place for the next treat!).

But most of all we liked the production of "Alpamysh". This is a folk epic about a hero who fought against injustice for the happiness of his family and friends. It is difficult to say to which ethnic group Alpamysh specifically belongs (there is some debate), but it was clear that he was a nomad. And so we enjoyed watching the entire performance of the actors from among the students and teachers.

Oh my God, how well the costumes, paraphernalia were chosen (they even put up a yurt), and horses. As the village elder Bakhtiyar Rezhepov told us, it was difficult to find ancient clothes, because not all families kept them. We had to prepare our own swords and bows and arrows. But we got the greatest pleasure from the acting. The 11th grade student who played brother Alpamysh tried especially hard. According to legend, he was captured by nukers (servants) on the orders of the bai (feudal lord) and tortured for not insulting his parents. A sob was heard among the guests: the old women invited to the celebration were crying. And my colleagues sat with red eyes. We have to agree: the guy played with feeling and evoked certain emotions in us.

But as always happens in fairy tales, a happy ending is guaranteed - and joy reigns on earth. We thanked the actors and expressed hope that other tourists would be no less interested here. This is where the folklore ends. Although they promised to play the dombra and songs about the free Kazakh life in the evening (unfortunately, for various reasons this did not happen).

We were accommodated in Bakhtiyar's cottage; the house, by the way, was located next to the main road, and it was convenient for those arriving by car. There was also a cafe here - on the second floor of another building, and a swimming pool, which turned out to be without water. The owner expressed a desire to fill it, but we asked not to do this, since it was still a little cold outside - only the day before yesterday there was a hailstorm here. Don't forget, Chimgan is a mountain village.

As you understand, after folklore there is lunch. According to the travel program, it was called “Auyl dastarkhani”. And then we got a second wind, although our stomachs were still barely digesting the Brichmullin food. Kazakh dishes were served on the table. The first was “zhupka” - this is dough baked without butter + broth + fried onions + greens. We devoured it in one sitting. Then they brought “tarak-oshi” - millet, which is first boiled and then... fried, pounded and mixed with sour cream or milk.

The “zhent” dish is dried cottage cheese, which is fried, then fried millet is added to it, ground in a mortar, butter is added, and rolled into balls. You understand, there were flatbreads, huge kurts, and kumiss.

Kazakh men must have three Ks,” said Bakhtiar, who also became a member of Sloe Food. - This is “K” - “kyz” (girl), the second “K” is kumys (mare’s milk), the third “K” is “kazy” (horse meat). We don’t offer the first, but you can try the second and third.

Indeed, mountain kumiss is very tasty, and it contains a certain amount of natural alcohol. Maybe it's because of the grasses the horses eat. And kazy is served together with a dish called “beshbarmak”. This is a broth with dough strips + meat + onions + herbs. Unlike the sedate "beshbarmak", fragrant herbs predominated in Chimgan. It is eaten with our hands, but we, not accustomed to such simplicity, preferred to use spoons and forks. I note that this is not easy: the dough kept slipping out of the spoon, and I had to pierce the plates with forks.

To speed up the digestion process, we were offered a cooling drink “bosa” (like beer, with alcohol up to 9%), it is made from millet in warm water, leaven is given... fermentation occurs... You yourself understand that it becomes fun for a man in the steppe or in the mountains after this drink, it makes you want to sing songs and dance.

After a hearty lunch, we rested a little on the slippers (like the above-mentioned "ottoman") under a tree, some of us rode a horse, some walked around the neighborhood, taking photographs and talking with local residents. We slept well, I personally dreamed of Alpamysh’s wife... I don’t know why...

"Fragrant flowers of Khumsan"

Khumsan greeted us as warmly as the previous villages. I will add that this is an Uzbek village, and therefore slightly different traditions prevail here than in Chimgan and Brichmulla. A folklore concert was organized at the school. The girls sang songs and danced, albeit to a tape recorder, but this did not take away the interest. French tourists also wandered here and, having heard the music, came here like bees to honey. They watched with interest the performance of schoolchildren entitled “The Kashgar Legend,” which was once written by the writer Sharaf Rashidov (who is also the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan), and were pleased.

After the concert, a gastronomic period began, which, you know, ended with an increase in weight by several kilograms. They offered "skirt" pancakes, "shurpa" soup (beef meat + potatoes + carrots + peas + broth with herbs), Khumsan pilaf (it also contains a lot of herbs), fresh vegetable salads, dairy products - cheese, butter and kurt. And many, many flowers on the tables. The Khumsan people themselves call their tourist product “Fragrant flowers of Khumsan”. The head of the SVT village, Farkhod Akramov, said that horses are ready for guests to hike around the surrounding area.

After a hearty lunch, who wouldn’t want to shake it all up in the stomach to speed up the process there? And we rode for two hours. The horse I came across was good, kind, it did not kick, and therefore the adventures passed without any extraordinary incidents. We sunbathed a little near the Ugam River (the water there is - brrrrr! - cold, because it flows from glaciers), and at six o'clock in the evening we left for Tashkent.

The folklore and gastronomic tour has ended, leaving us with pleasant memories and impressions. I had to go on a diet to regain my previous weight. And I am writing about this for you, dear readers, if you want to go to Bostanlyk district, then know about it...