Emelyanov B.V. Tour guide

Photo: Official portal of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow

How to see an ancient city among skyscrapers and cars? Where is the utopia house located? Who comes up with city tours and who goes on them? How to lay a route correctly and make a person listen carefully? Larisa Skrypnik, the leading guide of the City Excursion Bureau of the Museum of Moscow, spoke about the pros and cons of the work of a guide, about the mysteries of Moscow and the best sightseers.

— It seems that everything has already been said about Moscow, all the city labyrinths and nooks and crannies have been passed, and suddenly a new route appears, a new excursion — how is this possible?

— The Museum of Moscow, where I work, is celebrating its 120th anniversary this year. And all these years, the museum staff has been studying the city, its history, following all the changes that are taking place in the metropolis. Our collection contains thousands of documents, books, photographs that are still being researched. This alone already gives many reasons for a new look even at the most trivial excursions.

There is, of course, a mandatory block of excursions. As a rule, this is a sightseeing tour of Moscow, Red Square, the historical center, which are intended specifically for the first acquaintance with the city - for those who want to learn about the city in which they live. There are quite a few of them - as experience shows, Muscovites often do not know the city well. It seems to a person: I am here, I will have time for everything - and he passes by interesting places, not paying attention to them. But, when interest is shown, a person, as a rule, becomes our regular client. That is, the one who came once, begins to walk all the time. It is very joyful to see how the popularity of walking and bus tours is growing from year to year: more and more citizens want to learn about the capital as much as possible.

But there is another block of routes - those that we come up with on our own. These are always unusual walks on which we show the city from a new side. They can be thematic, timed to coincide with certain dates, events. So, we constantly have new routes through unexplored Moscow. We really want to show our beloved city from different angles; I want the participants of the walks to fall in love with Moscow just like we do. And such excursions are, as a rule, very much in demand.

— Can you tell us more about these routes?

- There was an interesting story during the celebration of the anniversary of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. We were asked to come up with a walking tour of Gogol's places. Moreover, they asked to show not only the monuments to the writer, which are located at a distance of 400 meters from each other, not only the temple of Simeon the Stylite, whose parishioner was Gogol, but something else unusual. This is in a sense a challenge, I really love such things. It was necessary to make a walking tour and tell a lot about Gogol. As a result, with great interest for myself, I discovered more than 20 places associated with Nikolai Vasilyevich on the Arbat. Not in Moscow as a whole, but only on the Arbat. Exclusive excursions are born, for example, from such an offer - to help someone with a topic.

Or, for example, an excursion dedicated to 1612 in Moscow. She was not particularly in demand, no one ever asked to drive to these places. But when the request nevertheless appeared, it turned out that this was indeed a very interesting excursion. Of course, excursions are also born because you yourself really like something. I love architecture and of course I came up with the Art Nouveau walking tour. Routes may appear after you have read an interesting book. Now there are a lot of memoirs, all kinds of works by pre-revolutionary Muscovites, which we did not know before. You are reading and suddenly you see the area completely different, not the way you imagined it, and you have an idea to make a tour of this place and show Moscow from some, maybe unexpected side.

— And how does it happen? How is the tour prepared?

- First, the search for material begins: reading special literature, diaries, going to libraries and, of course, studying the area itself that you are going to talk about. Sometimes, when you walk the streets, you go into alleys, into courtyards, you discover absolutely incredible treasures that people have not seen. For example, Nikitsky Boulevard is such a facade street. But once, when I was preparing a tour there, I saw a metal gate with a door, behind which it was written that there was a repair of shoes or some kind of hardware. In general, a completely unpresentable door. But when I entered this gateway, I realized that this is a whole city with labyrinths. Who would have thought that this could be? People are always very interested in it. It is as if you are plunging into the past, and you can imagine how you would feel if you lived in this house and your windows overlooked this courtyard ....

- You said that you developed a tour of Art Nouveau, but this is not exactly the Moscow style, what are you showing?

— Since this is a walking tour, it takes place between Ostozhenka, Prechistenka and in the lanes. This is the profitable house of Isakov Kekushevsky, and the own house of the architect Kekushev. This is the profitable house of the peasant Loskov. We had such wonderful peasants who could invite the best architects and build houses in the northern modern style. There are really not enough of them in Moscow, mainly this style is common in St. Petersburg.

- It seems to me that the most difficult thing in your work is to make people listen, not all guides and not always succeed.

- You just need to know and understand: people cannot endlessly listen to a set of some facts, even if they are quite interesting, they still need some kind of detente. But it is important not just to giggle about something, but that it be tied to the topic. And by the way, on excursions sometimes the participants themselves help to find such relaxing moments. Once, on a tour of the Arbat and Arbat alleys, I had a wonderful girl of seven years old. On the Arbat, every building has a history, and I want to tell about everything. I started talking about the house with the knights across from Tetra Vakhtangov and said that, unfortunately, not all the knights survived, and this girl says to me: “But I can tell where this knight has gone.” I ask: where? She says: “The fact is that he fell in love with this princess - and there is a fountain “Princess Turandot” near the Vakhtangov Theater - he fell in love, went downstairs, bought her jewelry, but she did not accept the gift. So the knight got upset and left.” This is a charm! Now I always tell this, such a vivid perception of Moscow with its history by a child.

How long does it take to prepare a tour?

- It depends on the topic. There are those on which a huge amount of literature has been written, and here you just need to select what you are interested in. There are topics that require serious preparation, perhaps even inquiries, meetings with some people who have information on a particular area. Interesting things are told by the residents themselves. It's always a lot of work.

The selection of material is one of the most exciting moments, and here it is important to control yourself. You search, read, and it is so captivating that by three o'clock in the morning you can find yourself somewhere on the other side of Moscow. Because when you are preparing material, one fact clings to another: but the surname slipped through, and not to clarify whether ... It is very difficult, but it is even more difficult to choose something when you have collected a huge amount of material and understand that it is impossible to tell everything , - it is always a pity to remove some of the information.

Then comes another very important moment: you have to connect all the objects... It is clear that if the tour is thematic, for example, our Moscow Embassy, ​​then everything is more or less clear. And if this is a tour along the street and there are absolutely heterogeneous buildings, absolutely different stories, but you have to somehow connect them together, you should get a story.

I had a wonderful tour, I led it along Volkhonka, and one of the excursionists, as an intelligent person, warned me in advance that she needed to pick up her child from kindergarten, so she would leave quietly in 50 minutes in English. And I'm leading a tour and I understand that 50 minutes have passed, an hour has passed, and the woman is still with us. And I say to her: “Excuse me, please, but it seems to you that the child needs to be taken away from the kindergarten.” She says: “You understand, I can’t leave. You finish the story and are so catchy with the next one that we will now see further that I can’t leave in any way. ” That was the right excursion, since it happened.

There are also purely technical points, special ones that also need to be taken into account: how to stand up correctly so that everyone can hear you, so that you can respond to facial expressions, eyes, so that you can see the sightseers and at the same time not prevent them from seeing objects; how to stand up to show the object as much as possible; how to stand up so that you can talk about several objects without leaving your seat. When preparing a tour, it takes extra time. For example, I walk down the street and start, to the surprise of passers-by, running from one place to another, crossing the street, coming back in order to understand where it is better for me to put the group. And here you need to show imagination.

There are many other nuances. For example, you need to take into account the location of pedestrian crossings: where are they located, is it convenient for you to cross from this side to the opposite one, so that later you do not return to this crossing through another crossing, somehow go further along the route, because people are not interested in the same place to go back and forth. All in all, this is a really big job.

- Let's try to name the pros and cons of your profession.

- I was asked this question on excursions ... But it turns out that the minuses turn into pluses. Of course, this is a job that requires great physical exertion, because you need to move a lot both in the process of preparation and during the excursion. And they last sometimes two or three hours, and sometimes six or seven.

The weather that we do not choose, and our Moscow weather does not please, let's say, most of the year. The next thing is that you always work, because you have to be in the topic of modern Moscow, to know everything new that appears, new books about Moscow, new information, new objects. There is so much material that you will never be able to master it completely, but you always strive for it. As a result, you constantly train your memory, your mind, you are always on the move and constantly in the fresh air.

And yet people are different, and you make a lot of effort in order to keep attention. When this happens, I feel a tremendous moral upsurge, because I give my energy to people, and in return they give theirs. I always feel emotionally charged after the tour. Everything is interconnected here, and if you like it, then you enjoy it more.

Today, the city excursion bureau has developed more than 80 topics dedicated to the history and modernity of Moscow and its famous citizens.

Tripster has changed my life. This site allowed me to throw away the prepared pack of resumes and do what for a whole year now brings joy, pleasant amounts of money and an incredible number of interesting people into my everyday life. And all this in a convenient mode for me, and not five days a week from nine to six. I have great fondness for the Tripster team for their clarity, honesty, speed (to the point of being fantastic) and openness to new ideas. Through their efforts, the site is constantly improving, and rare technical difficulties are solved as if by magic. But most importantly, these kind people do everything that would be hard and boring for me to do myself. If not for Tripster, I would probably put off mastering the work of my life until later.

I became a guide thanks to Tripster. I accidentally stumbled upon it a couple of years ago, read the stories of guides from Istanbul and St. Petersburg, and realized that I also want to show travelers Izborsk - one of the oldest cities in Russia. Now, after hundreds of walks with guests, I can say with confidence: Tripster is the best service for booking excursions in Russia. It is beautiful and comfortable - it is pleasant to look at it, and everything works on it. He is sincere - guides, support service, editors - all living people - travelers feel it, you will feel it too. And it is active - Tripster is seriously working on promoting excursions, and in the season I receive 80% of orders through Tripster, although I have my own website and I work with several other sites - but they are not so effective. Tripster really makes the world a little better, and I'm glad that I'm also involved in this cause.

Tripster brings us the best audience- smart, educated, curious, open to everything new people, with whom it is a great pleasure to work. We have been in the tourism market for 5 years, and we have something to compare. Of all conceivable partners, Tripster is by far the best. The work of the support service is unthinkably professional, these amazing people are ready to personally deal with any problem that arises, give advice and just support. And one more thing that is extremely important for us is fantastic marketing. Is it possible to break into the “stars” with such competition for a long time and with a huge number of excellent reviews of guides? We can confidently say that it is possible. All-all-all who in one way or another put their efforts into this wonderful project! You are insanely beautiful!

The service is very convenient. You can negotiate with the traveler directly, without intermediaries, and resolve issues on the shore. An excellent commission-booking system, it is much more pleasant to think that the guide himself does not pay anything to the site for accommodation, since this is the price of booking by the traveler and at the same time a guarantee that the tour will take place. Notifications arrive on time, it is possible to mark busy days and hours on the calendar, user-friendly interface, communication with mail. Support is always available to help resolve issues. In general, the best service for guides: there are many opportunities for creativity and creating new excursions. Thank you very much to the entire Tripster team for their work!

During the six months of working with Tripster, I made many friends, visiting my favorite city. Namely friends, because every traveler, coming to a meeting, is tuned in first of all to acquaintance not with a historical object or museum exhibits, but with an interesting person who can expand the circle of his knowledge in a particular area.

And the best way to find new friends who can appreciate your knowledge and hospitality is the Tripster service. This is a professional team, always ready to help you in any questions of organizing a particular excursion. The main thing is your idea! Offer travelers exactly what you know best and what you love to do, and the result will not be long in coming. I began to receive orders for my excursions from the first days of placement on the service. Come up with your own original route or entertainment in your hometown. I wish you success in our common interesting and exciting business!

2.5. Excursion technique

The effectiveness of any excursion largely depends on the technique of its conduct, the relationship between the methodology and technique of conducting. A number of requirements are imposed on the technique of conducting an excursion. These include the introduction of the guide to the group, the correct arrangement of the group at the object, the exit of the excursionists from the bus and returning to the bus (another vehicle), the use of the microphone by the guide, keeping the time allotted for the tour as a whole and the disclosure of individual subtopics, answering the questions of the excursionists etc.

Acquaintance of the guide with the group. The guide, entering the bus, gets acquainted with the group. He greets those present, calls his last name, first name, patronymic, the excursion institution that he represents, introduces the tourists to the bus driver, that is, he begins the tour with an introduction.

It is important that from the very beginning the guide subordinated his actions to the established rules of communication with the group. He doesn't start talking right away. There is a pause that lasts ten to twenty seconds. The first acquaintance takes place, further contacts of the guide with the group largely depend on it. The sightseers gradually fall silent, sit down more comfortably, their attention switches to the guide. Tourists estimate what the guide is capable of, what interesting things he will tell them, and the guide thinks about how to interest these people, how to rive their attention to the topic.

With the correct organization of excursion work, preparation for it should take place in advance. This is done by tour organizers or travel agents.

The plot of the excursion must be known to the excursionist in advance. The excursionist must know the topic of the excursion. It is extremely important that advertising activities and the purchase of a tour package be separated from the tour by one or two days. This is significant in the sense that during this period of time a certain psychological attitude of the excursionist will occur. He will have time to think and get used to the plot of the tour.

Each topic has its own introduction. If the composition of the group is different (for example, the local population and visiting tourists, adults and children), the same excursion will have different introductions. The guide pays special attention to the preparation and execution of the introduction, which gives a specific setting to the tourists, allows you to establish contact with them.

The exit of tourists from the bus (trolleybus, tram). Tourists need to prepare in advance for the exit. In cases where this is not done, a significant part of the group remains on the bus, not leaving to observe the monuments at their location. Thus, tourists lose the opportunity to personally get acquainted with the object.

At stops where the exit of the excursion group is provided, the guide leaves first, showing an example to the group and determining the direction of its movement to the object. In cases where other stops are arranged in the excursions, for example, sanitary or for the purchase of souvenirs, the guide reports the exact time (hour and minutes) of the bus departure. It is necessary to require tourists to comply with the rules of the tour, which affects the schedule of the bus along the route. If the parking time in a country excursion for some reason is reduced or increased, the guide informs all sightseers about this.

Arrangement of the group at the object. When developing an excursion, as a rule, several options for placing a group to observe the excursion object are determined. This is done in the case when the place determined by the methodological development is occupied by another group or when the sun's rays shine into the eyes, making it difficult to inspect the object. There are other reasons that prevent the use of the recommended place. In hot weather, opportunities are used to locate groups in the shade. In case of rain, the option of placing tourists under the roof, under the crown of trees, is provided. In some cases, the technique requires that several points be selected to inspect the object: far, if the object is shown together with the environment or other objects; near, if individual details of a building, structure, terrain, natural object are analyzed. These features are reflected in the column "Organized guidelines for methodological development." Each guide carefully studies these instructions and, before going on the route with the group, clarifies issues related to the arrangement of the group to observe objects. It is also necessary to ensure the safety of sightseers when inspecting objects and when crossing motorways.

With the simultaneous location of several groups near one object, such a distance must be maintained between them so that one guide does not interfere with the other with his story, so that one group does not obscure the other object of observation. Known difficulties in observing this condition are the placement of groups to show the museum exposition.

Movement of sightseers from the bus to the object, from the object to the bus, between the objects is carried out by the group. The guide's place is in the center of the group, a few people go in front, a few are nearby, the rest are behind. It is important that the group does not stretch: the distance between its head and those who go last should not exceed 5-7 meters. The guide must ensure that when the group moves along the route, integrity is not violated. With a long group, not everyone will hear the guide's story, his explanations and logical transitions that are presented along the way. Experienced guides skillfully guide the movement on the route.

The pace of the movement of the group depends on the composition of the group (children, youth, middle age, the elderly), on the terrain, for example, climbing uphill, poor roads, overcoming ditches of dangerous zones in working shops, etc.

In a walking tour, the pace of movement of tourists is slow, unhurried, since the display objects are located next to each other.

It is more difficult to set the required pace of the group's movement on a bus tour. Here, getting off the bus, the guide does not start moving immediately, especially if the object is located in the distance. He allows most of the sightseers to get off the bus and then, slowly, but not too slowly, leads the group towards the goal. Approaching the object, he does not begin his story immediately, but after the whole group has gathered.

The guide directs the movement of tourists and in the course of their independent work on the route. Tourists walk around the object to read the inscription on it themselves, to enter inside it, to see the peculiar features of the architecture. They climb a hill to determine its height, climb a bell tower, a minaret to make sure of the unusual "step" of the steps of a steep staircase, go down into the moat to determine its depth, etc. These movements of sightseers enrich them with additional information and new impressions. , make it possible to feel the unique features of the objects, the features of the events to which the excursion is dedicated.

The return of tourists to the bus. During the movement of the group, it is led by a guide. When a group boards a bus, it stands to the right of the entrance and counts the sightseers who enter the cabin. This is done invisibly. After making sure that all the participants of the excursion have gathered, he enters the bus last and gives a signal to the driver about the start of the movement.

It is necessary to avoid counting tourists who have already taken their seats on the bus. This introduces unnecessary nervousness, sometimes causing comical situations, thereby disrupting the course of the excursion.

Tour guide location. The guide on the bus should take a place where he can clearly see the objects that are discussed on the tour, but so that all the tourists are in his field of vision. At the same time, tourists should see it. Typically, this is a dedicated front seat next to the driver (the seat behind the driver is reserved for another driver). The guide is not allowed to stand while the bus is moving (as well as sightseers) for safety reasons.

On a walking tour, the guide should be half-turned to the object. Conducting a display of visually perceived objects requires that they be in front of the eyes of the guide, because he analyzes them based on his visual impressions. This is especially important in out-of-town excursions, when the guide, while the bus is moving, sitting in his place with his back to the sightseers, looks into the front window of the bus and talks about what the sightseers already see or are about to see.

Compliance with the time in the excursion. The methodological development indicates the exact time allotted for the disclosure of each subtopic in minutes. Everything is provided here: showing objects, the guide's story, moving along the route to the next one and the movement of the group around the observed objects. The ability to meet the allotted time for the guide does not come immediately. This requires a lot of practice, including conducting an excursion with a watch in hand: at home, at a specific object. It is necessary to achieve compliance with the time when conducting a logical transition, highlighting a single sub-topic and main issues. Helps the guide timekeeping the time spent on individual parts of the tour. On the basis of such timing, taking into account the comments of the listener, the guide makes appropriate adjustments to his story. Everything superfluous is removed from the tour, which leads to a waste of time. Often, for reasons beyond the control of the guide, the tour is significantly reduced in time. The reason for this is the protracted gathering of the group, breakfast served to tourists at the wrong time, the bus being late, etc. As a result, the tour starts late. The guide has only one way out - to reduce the time allotted for the disclosure of the topic. This should be done by keeping everything important in the content of the excursion and removing the secondary. To do this, you need to prepare in advance for a possible reduction in the material of the excursion.

Technique for conducting a story while the bus is moving. The story while driving on the bus should be conducted by a guide through a microphone. If the equipment does not function well or there is no microphone at all, it is useless for the guide to talk while driving. The noise of the engine and the shaking of the bus limit the audibility, so that the explanations will be audible only to the sightseers sitting nearby. In this case, the guide gives materials about the nearest section of the route before the start of the movement, and during the movement he reports only the names of objects or areas. If there are important objects or settlements, it is necessary to stop the bus, turn off the engine, and only then give explanations. This must be agreed in advance with the driver.

Answers to the questions of tourists. In excursion practice, a certain classification of questions has developed. They are divided into four groups: the questions of the guide, which are answered by the tourists; questions posed during the story, which the guide answers; rhetorical questions that are posed to enhance the attention of tourists; questions asked by the participants of excursions on the topic. The first three groups of questions are related to the methodology for conducting excursions, and only the fourth group of questions is related to the technique of conducting excursions. Their content is different - sometimes they are associated with objects, sometimes - with the life of famous figures, and often - with events that are not related to the topic of the excursion. The main rule for dealing with such questions is that you should not interrupt the story and give an immediate answer to them, and you should not also answer questions at the end of each of the subtopics. This scatters attention and distracts the audience from the perception of the content of the topic being disclosed, since not everyone in the group is concerned about these issues. Therefore, the guide should answer questions not during the tour, but at the end of it. The content of the answers should not be debatable, i.e., make the tourists want to argue, continue the topic raised in the question.

Making an introduction to the topic, the guide informs his listeners about this order of answering questions.

Breaks in the tour. The tour guide should not talk continuously. There should be small breaks between the individual parts of the story, the story and the excursion information on the way, the logical transition and the story about the object and the events associated with it.

Pauses pursue the following tasks:

The first is semantic, when the time of breaks is used by people to think about what they heard from the guide and saw with their own eyes. To consolidate the factual material in memory, formulate their conclusions and remember what they saw. It is important that the sightseers have time free from showing and telling each object for self-examination, preparation for the perception of what will be shown and told at the next stop;
- the second - to give a short rest to the tourists. It does not carry any semantic load. This is especially important for those who are not yet accustomed to such an active form of cultural and educational work as an excursion.

Pauses in out-of-town excursions are combined with rest, which, in accordance with the existing procedure, is provided to the guide: 15 min. after each hour of work (for the guide, the hour of the tour is 45 minutes). This rest can be summarized and used by the guide at the end of the tour. There may also be pauses in excursions - free time used to purchase souvenirs, printed materials, quench thirst, as well as for sanitary stops on long excursions.

The technique of using the "guide's briefcase". The content of the "portfolio of the guide", its significance and role in the use of methodological techniques of the show is related to the methodology for preparing and conducting the tour. Each exhibit - a photograph, a drawing, a reproduction of a painting, a portrait, a drawing, a copy of a document - has its own serial number. This determines the sequence of demonstration of this exhibit to the tourists.

The exhibit can be shown by the guide from his workplace, handed over to the tourists in the rows for a more detailed acquaintance.

Sometimes, in accordance with the methodological development, the guide organizes the playback of tape and video recordings. It is important to check in advance the serviceability of the equipment, the availability of the necessary records, to ensure audibility for all participants in the tour. The guide must be able to use this equipment.

During the tours, elements of the ritual (a ceremonial developed by folk customs) are used. Tourists at burial sites and memorials honor the memory of the dead with a minute of silence, are present at the changing of the guard of honor, participate in processions and rallies, and listen to mourning melodies. The guide needs to know the procedure for laying flowers, the passage of sightseers at the locations of mass graves and obelisks, participation in the guard of honor, in a minute of silence, the rules of conduct at the Eternal Flame and at the burial sites of heroes of the Civil, Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) and others wars. Before the start of the tour, the guide informs about everything, emphasizing the importance of observing the ritual when visiting historical sites.

conclusions

The importance of issues related to the technique of conducting excursions can hardly be overestimated. Neither a fascinating story about objects, nor methodical methods of displaying monuments will give the necessary effect if all aspects of its implementation are not seriously thought out, if conditions for observing objects are not created.

test questions

1. The concept of "excursion technique".
2. Contents of the column "Organizational instructions".
3. Organization of the guide's work with the group.
4. Skillful use of excursion technique.
5. Skills in using the technique of conducting excursions.
6. The pace of movement of the group, its significance.
7. Using the microphone. Work in the absence of a microphone.
8. Establishing the necessary order in the group.
9. Use of free time during the excursion.
10. Answers to the questions of tourists.
11. Technique for using visual aids.

I drink coffee and stick cloves in oranges - I'm getting ready for the tour ..

Aromas of citrus and cloves remind others of winter. People smile as they pass by my table. The orange-clove therapy also works for me: I joyfully run out into the street, and there is snow ... the first one this year.

Hello Christmas Tour! No, today is my birthday. The kids are amazing and the parents are amazing!

I am often offered to lead excursions with children, considering this to be something rather complicated. In my opinion, a children's excursion is an amazing thing, simple and complex at the same time, but it is important that you immediately feel return, appreciation and love from children.

What is the most important thing in a children's excursion?

A few tips for moms, dads, grandparents who walk around St. Petersburg with their children and want the children to listen and hear your historical stories:

1. Think in vivid images that are understandable to children.

First, you yourself must see the image of what you are talking about. The picture should be in color, detailed and evoke feelings for you personally.

For example, the gardener Eliseev grew strawberries in the greenhouse for Count Sheremetyev on Christmas Day. The guests are in amazement, the count exclaims in excitement: "Ask what you want!"

I imagine everything very vividly: the count's camisole, and the wicker basket, and the snow outside the window, frost down to -40 and the aroma of wild strawberries. So it's easy to tell. And by themselves questions are born to the children: "What happened next, what do you think?" If the picture is bright, then the guys easily come up with and immerse themselves in the story. Where did the Eliseevs go when they became free? What did they start doing? Was it easy for them in Petersburg? And what would you do in their place, if you had 100 rubles? And here it would be good to move from words to deeds.

2. Find a thing, a detail that characterizes your hero, a story.

It is easier, of course, to use an illustration, a picture, a photograph. But it is best to find a thing that you can touch, smell, guess the riddle associated with it. For example, with the merchants Eliseevs, I give the guys an orange, the letters of the surname are laid out on it with a carnation. The letters are scattered and it is necessary to make a word out of them (Eliseev began to sell oranges on Nevsky Prospekt).

When talking about Peter I, I like to give children a map of the area of ​​St. Petersburg of the 18th century and suggest laying out a rough plan of the city (this is for older children, of course). When we go to the Photo Salon, I give a photo and offer to find the point from which it was taken. In the Summer Garden, I suggest that the children sculpt some of the sculptures on their own. Everything that the children touched, made efforts to unravel - they will remember for a long time.

It is not easy to find something that falls into the top ten, as they say, but the process itself is worth it! For me personally, this is the most interesting part of the excursion: the process of searching for that very historical detail.

3. Less is better, but better.

Children do not remember the date, especially when they are standing, they listen to even the most interesting stories from the strength of 5-7 minutes. Therefore, the entire historical story should be put in 15-20 minutes, and the entire excursion in 1.5 hours maximum.

And after such an immersion, leave the children with a desire to learn more, but on their own. Not so, "that I told you everything, but I also remembered, listen to me carefully." Not! Fill your communication with dialogue, searching, running, taking photos and discovering places.

4. Encouragement, prize, yummy at the end of the historical walk.

After the tour, we go for lunch, dinner or an afternoon snack. It's great if the food you offer the guys is related to today's walk. Let not all, but again, the detail will be remembered for a long time and will make the meal "historical" and exciting. And even if you feel that the children are tired of historical information, you can simply say that our hero loved this.

If you have boys and you have visited the Suvorov Museum, then eating buckwheat porridge and cabbage soup in bread is a must. And if emperors are your heroes, take a lace napkin and a couple of porcelain plates with you. Even in military campaigns, the emperors ate simply, but always with silver and porcelain. And this day will be special.

5. And lastly, my favorite: it's easy to forget everything that you are told and everything that is shown, but we will never forget the atmosphere when we feel good.

Be surprised, play, discover the story with the children! Love for the city is inside of us, and the child feels and understands everything, just talk about this love creatively. I have about the same approach to adult excursions. And although colleagues in the shop do not always understand this, it is very exciting to wake up the inner child in a serious adult!

On the splash screen is a photo fragment jasoncedit/Flickr/CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Introduction…………………………………………………..3

1. Subject and ides of the excursion methodology.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion methodology ...... 5

1.2. Methodology for preparing excursions………………... 8

2. Classification of methodological techniques.

2.1 Classification of teaching methods………….14

2.2 Methodological techniques of display……………….…...17

2.3 Methodological techniques of the story………………….25

3. Special methodological techniques.

3.1. Receiving a demonstration of a visual aid………35

3.2Assimilation by the guide of methodological techniques………………………………………………………..39

4. Technique of conducting excursions.

4.1 Technique of conducting excursions………………………42

Conclusion……………………………………………………..51

Bibliographic list……………..……………….…52

Introduction.

Methodology in the broad sense of the word is a set of methods for expediently carrying out this or that work, solving a problem, achieving a goal, and in a narrower sense, it is a set of specific methodological methods for conducting lectures, conversations, excursions on a specific topic and for a specific group.

The technique is divided into general and private.

A tour is a methodically thought-out display of places of interest, historical and cultural monuments, a display based on an analysis of the objects that are in front of the eyes of the tourists, as well as the events associated with them.

The guide is not indifferent to what the excursionist sees, how he understands and perceives what he sees and hears.

The guide, with his explanations, leads the tourists to the necessary conclusions, the effectiveness of the excursion depends on this.

From this it follows that the essence of the excursion can be defined as follows: a visual process of learning about the surrounding world, a process built on pre-selected objects that are in natural conditions or located in the halls of museums, exhibitions, workshops of a sculptor, artist, etc.

The excursion technique is a private technique, since it is associated with the process of disseminating knowledge on the basis of one form of work. The excursion methodology is a set of requirements and rules for excursions, as well as the sum of the methodological methods for preparing and conducting excursions of various types, on various topics and for various groups of people.

The tour guide answers the following questions:

1. Why is the excursion prepared and conducted (goal, objectives)?

2. What issues are covered on the tour (what is its content about)?

3. How to conduct a tour (methodological techniques)?

The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts:

Methods for developing a new topic for this bureau;

Methods of development by the guide of a new topic for him, but already developed in this bureau;

Methods of preparing the guide for the next excursion;

Excursion methods;

Methods after excursion work.

1. Subject and types of excursion methods.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion methods.

The method of conducting an excursion is a set of techniques used in conducting an excursion, which are designed to find a way more than usual and, together with the effective merit of the goal of the excursion, to help the excursionists easier and more firmly to finally learn the content of the excursion.

Methodological methods of conducting excursions are divided into general, personal and individual. Imagine one fact that general receptions are, as usual, the basis for conducting, as everyone knows, any excursion, regardless of its topic, the composition of the excursion group. It must be said that personal, in the end, are those methods that are used in excursions, as most of us are used to saying, of a certain type (industrial, museum, natural history, transport, walking), or in excursions conducted for a certain, as people are accustomed to express themselves to the excursion audience (kids, youth, adults). It's not a secret for anyone that personal methods, focusing on the main requirements of the excursion methodology, develop and concretize more effective methods of conducting excursions of this type. Everyone knows that in the end, single techniques are, as we constantly say, unique methods of observing some, as many people say, 1 object or a story about it, for example, showing a building standing on the shore of a reservoir, which on a fine summer day is finally reflected on its surface. And it is not even necessary to say that such techniques are usually the intellectual property of the 1st guide and, finally, are used by everyone who, therefore, conducts such excursions. Indeed, single techniques also include those whose implementation is limited, as we put it, to a certain time of the year or day.

The excursion technique is considered in several aspects: as the basis of the professional skills of guides; as a mechanism that improves the "feed" of the material; as a process of streamlining the activities of the guide. The technique helps the tourists to see, remember and understand much more than in a lecture that reveals the same topic. This happens because the lecturer's methodology is largely based on various kinds of messages and descriptions, the lecture story is conducted in isolation from the objects of description. The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts: - methods of development by the guide of a new topic for him, but already developed in this bureau; - methods of preparing the guide for the next excursion; - methods of conducting excursions; - methods of post-excursion work.

Aspects of the excursion methodology: the basis of the professional skill of the guide, the mechanism for supplying material, the process of streamlining the activities of the guide during the preparation and conduct of the excursion.

The excursion technique is associated with such concepts as storytelling and showing. To the question about the relationship between showing and telling in a guided tour, the methodology gives an unequivocal answer: from showing to telling. You should start with a show, with visual or other (tactile, olfactory) impressions, and then introduce a story. The technique takes into account the ability of the object to attract attention, uses various means to enhance the attention of tourists.

Another task of the methodology is to suggest the most effective use of methodological methods of conducting excursions. The excursion methodology takes into account the issues of emotional impact on tourists.

The subject of the excursion methodology is the purposeful study, systematization, formulation, clarification and practical application of the means and methods of education and training, as well as methodological techniques, with the help of which employees of excursion institutions carry out their activities. The excursion methodology summarizes the experience of conducting excursions, develops and offers such methodological techniques that have justified themselves in practice and ensure the highest efficiency in the disclosure and perception of the topic.

1.2 Methodology for preparing excursions.

The development of the excursion is carried out by a creative group, consisting of 3-10 people, depending on the complexity of the topic. Each of the participants works on one of the sections or one of the subtopic excursions. The head of the creative team unites and edits the prepared material.

Preparation is divided into two stages:

Preliminary - selection and study of factual materials (i.e., the process of initial accumulation of knowledge on this topic), carried out by the creative group, the choice of objects on which the excursion will be built;

Direct - drawing up an excursion route, processing of factual material.

In addition, work is underway on the structure of methodological development: introduction, main part, conclusion; a control text is compiled, the methodological conduct of the excursion is analyzed (determination of the most appropriate methodological methods of showing and telling specifically for one or another part of the excursion), a "guide portfolio" is formed, and an individual text is prepared. A methodological development is a concise plan, a document that determines how to conduct this excursion, in what sequence to organize the display of monuments, what methodology should be used to effectively conduct the excursion. Here the guide should find advice on the sequence in which to show and tell, what materials from the "guide's portfolio" and when it is better to demonstrate. A methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion.

Methodological development is a mandatory document, without which an excursion on this topic cannot be conducted.

An individual text is also a mandatory document, which gives the guide the right to conduct an excursion on this topic. Properly compiled methodological development helps the guide to more fully reveal the topic.