The large stone bridge was erected in 1859. Landmark "Big Stone Bridge"
Big Stone Bridge - one of the bridges spanning the Moscow River near the Kremlin. It connects Borovitskaya Square, as well as Mokhovaya and Znamenka streets with Bolshaya Polyanka Street on Bolotny Island, but the transport component is not its only role. Its location in the historical center of the capital and excellent views of the surrounding area make the Big Stone Bridge an important tourist attraction.
Now the Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge is called stone only formally, but in the past there was actually a bridge built of stone across the Moscow River. Initially, a ford appeared at this place, through which the road from Ryazan to Novgorod went, then a “living” wooden bridge was built. In 1643, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich issued a decree according to which the Strasbourg engineer Yagon Christler began construction of a stone bridge, which, after construction was completed in 1692, received the name All Saints. The All Saints Bridge, which amazed the townspeople with its scale (170 meters long and 22 wide, 8 arches with spans up to 15 meters), became one of Moscow's wonders, however, by the 1850s it had become very dilapidated, and they decided to demolish it; The demolition was difficult - the solid masonry had to be blown up. Already in 1858, on the site of Vsekhsvyatsky, according to the design of engineers Voskoboinikov and Tannenberg, a metal three-span bridge was erected, but a little later, already under Soviet power, it also became obsolete. Instead, in 1938, a modern bridge was built a little further downstream, called Bolshoi Kamenny.
The bridge is located literally under the walls of the Kremlin, so it offers an excellent view of the ancient Moscow fortress: the entire southern wall from Vodovzvodnaya to Beklemishevskaya Tower, the Grand Kremlin Palace, the Archangel Cathedral, and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower are clearly visible. The other side of the bridge is dominated by the famous - residential complex of the Central Executive Committee-SNK of the USSR.
Other iconic sights of Moscow are visible a little in the distance: , building of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences(“Golden Brains”), book houses on Novy Arbat, , high-rise building of the hotel "Swissotel Red Hills", park on Bolotnaya Square and a number of others. Stalin’s skyscrapers are not absent either: the skyscrapers are visible from different points Moscow State University And , and residential building on Kotelnicheskaya embankment.
An interesting and dynamic view opens onto the embankments adjacent to the bridge: Kremlyovskaya, Prechistenskaya, Sofia and Bersenevskaya, as well as the automobile Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Bridge at the far end of the southern wall of the Kremlin and the pedestrian one at . During rush hours, the embankments are filled with traffic, and from the Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge you can see another famous city landmark: Moscow traffic jams.
You can get to the Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge from metro stations "Borovitskaya" And "Kropotkinskaya", as well as from a number of other centrally located stations.
How to get to the Bolshoy Kamenoy Bridge: st. Borovitskaya metro station.
The Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge is perhaps the most famous of all Moscow bridges. Most spectacular postcards with views of the Kremlin feature the Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge, which connects the two banks of the Moscow River in the Borovitsky Gate area of the Kremlin. Both pedestrians and cars can move across this bridge, and despite the name, it itself is metal. Near Borovitsky Hill, the bridge goes to Mokhovaya and Znamenka streets. And the second end of the bridge, located on Bolotny Island, leads to Bolshaya Polyanka Street.
In ancient times, until the 15th century, there was a floating bridge on this site. Such a crossing consisted of log decks laid on a base of rafts. Floating bridges were very practical - they could easily be dismantled in the event of an enemy attack, or in winter, when the river was covered with ice.
When the raids of the Tatar hordes on Moscow stopped, and the population of Zamoskvorechye grew significantly, the need arose to install a permanent strong bridge. In 1643, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich invited a master from Strasbourg, Jagon Krilster, to build the first permanent stone bridge. The king personally examined the drawings provided by the master. The bridge was well adapted to the conditions of the terrain; six iron-clad ice-cutting bulls were to be installed at its base, which would protect the bridge during the period of ice drift. The bridge arches were planned to be 30 meters high, and the structure itself had to withstand the passage of a large cannon squad. It was a grandiose plan for those times, but due to the death of the architect and the royal customer, construction was suspended for a long time.
The construction of the bridge was completed only in 1682-1687 by a Russian monk, whose name has not been preserved. The length of the new bridge was 170 meters and the width was 22 meters. In total, the bridge had 8 arches, the central arches had spans of 15 meters so that ships could pass under them. Entry to the crossing from the left bank was through the All Saints Gate of the White City, and at first the bridge was also called All Saints. To protect the bridge from a possible enemy attack, a tower with two tents was built on the right bank. In addition, according to tradition, the bridge served not only as a crossing, but also as a trading place; on both sides there were portable trays and benches.
For a long time, the Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge across the Moscow River served the city, but by 1859 it had become dilapidated and needed renovation. The stone bridge was dismantled, and in its place the first metal three-span bridge in Moscow was built.
The modern Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge was built in 1938. A group of specialists including engineer N.Ya. worked on the development of the project. Kalmykov and architects: V.A. Shchuko, V.G. Gelfreich, M.A. Minkus. The total length of the bridge including the entrances is 487 meters. The width of the river span is 105 meters, and the coastal span is 42.5 meters. The width of the bridge is 40 meters. The railings are cast iron gratings with the image of the Soviet coat of arms of Moscow. The bridge offers a wonderful view of many Moscow sights. From here you can see the Kremlin, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the House on the Embankment, Sofia, Prechistenskaya and Barsenevskaya embankments.
| Object of cultural heritage of Russia of regional significance reg. No. 771510260500005(EGROKN) object No. 7735352000(Wikigida DB) |
All Saints Bridge at the end of the 17th century, drawing by A. Vasnetsov
Fragment of an engraving by Blickland-Picart: the bridge at the All Saints Gate. The mill attached to the bull is visible
Great stone bridge approx. 1800, painting by F. Alekseev
G.Lari. View of the Stone Bridge in Moscow with a wooden bridge near the Vodovzvodnaya Tower. Beginning of the 19th century.
Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge- one of the bridges over the Moscow River. It connects Borovitskaya Square, Mokhovaya and Znamenka streets near the Borovitskaya Tower of the Kremlin with Bolshaya Polyanka Street on Bolotny Island, crossing the Vodootvodny Canal on the Small Kamenny Bridge.
All Saints Bridge
On the site of the later bridge, apparently from the very beginning of Moscow, there was a ford through which the road from Ryazan to Novgorod went through Volok Lamsky, known as Volotskaya. Then a floating (“living”) bridge was built, which was raised to allow ships to pass through. Against the bridge at the end of the 16th century. The All Saints (Water) Gate of the White City was built, so named after the Church of All Saints, which stood nearby (near the modern Cathedral of Christ the Savior), on the moat. In 1643, by decree of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, a master from Strasbourg, Yagon Christler, began construction of the first permanent stone bridge across the Moscow River at the All Saints Gate. After the death of the king and the master, construction was stopped, as the plan was considered too bold and expensive. It was resumed and completed in -1687 on the initiative of Princess Sophia and Vasily Golitsyn according to the old model of Christler (who left behind a wooden model of the bridge) of the “bridge stone craftsman” monk Elder Philaret. After completion in 1692, the bridge received the name All Saints. Other names of the bridge were: Bersenevsky and New Kamenny (Old Kamenny meant the Trinity Bridge over the Neglinka, near the Trinity Tower of the Kremlin). Over time, the bridge acquired its modern name. The bridge was, however, not exactly on the modern site: it began at the foot of the modern House on the Embankment (the red line of which is correlated with the line of the old bridge) and led to the place where Lenivka Street now opens to the river (in those days it was a passage to All Saints Gate).
The length of the bridge was 170 m, the width was 22 m. The bridge had 8 arches, the middle ones served to pass rafts and boats and had spans of up to 15 m. In front of the bridge on the Zamoskvoretsk side, a bridgehead tower was built - Shestivratnaya, which, as the name indicates, had six gate openings (actually three double gates), as well as several pyramidal tiers, correlated with the tiers of the Borovitskaya tower of the Kremlin, and two crowning tents crowned with double-headed eagles.
The funds spent on the construction of the bridge so amazed contemporaries that a saying arose that existed in Moscow for more than a hundred and fifty years: “More expensive than the Stone Bridge!” (about the value and high cost of something). In the 19th century, a saying was also recorded in the Nizhny Novgorod province: “A stone bridge is better!” In general, according to the testimony of Moscow historian I.M. Snegirev, who still saw the old bridge, it “was considered one of the capital’s wonders, on a par with Ivan the Great, the Sukharev Tower, the Tsar Bell, and the Tsar Cannon.”
Since the bridge was 3-4 times wider than the largest Moscow streets, it was built up on both sides. In Peter’s times, on the bridge stood the chamber of the Predtechevsky Monastery and four stone tents of Prince Menshikov, a tobacco customs house and a beer yard. At the end of the bridge there was a tavern called “Zavernyayka”. The Six Gate Tower housed the Tavern Office and a prison for those convicted of tavern (secretly making wine). Below them were galleries called upper walkways, where Muscovites gathered to walk and drink wine and beer; from the galleries a wooden ramp led to the embankment, to the so-called Tsaritsyn meadow and to Bersenevka. There was a beer glacier right under the bridge. Water-powered flour mills with dams and diversion gates were attached to the diversion bulls; the millers lived right there, in the Six Gate Tower.
All sorts of “thieves” and “dashing people” gathered under the bridge, and one of the spans on the left bank, the “ninth cell,” was especially notorious. As evening approached, Muscovites tried not to walk past it.
In 1731, by decree of Anna Ioannovna, the mills were demolished and the bridge piers were cleared. During the spring flood of 1783, the bridge was badly damaged: as Moscow commander-in-chief Count Chernyshev reported to Catherine: “Three arches of the bridge collapsed... and the 11 stone shops on them with various furniture of the merchant Yepanishnikov, worth 1100 rubles. One who was standing on the bridge at that time fell and was killed, and the ruins crushed a fisherman who was under the bridge and two women who were at the shore to wash their clothes.” In August 1786, the bridge was again damaged by floods. In view of this, by order of the new commander-in-chief, Earl Bruce, the bridge was repaired and reconstructed. During the reconstruction, which lasted until 1792 and cost 213,000 rubles, the bridge was strengthened, the benches were demolished, the Six Gate Tower was dismantled, and railings were installed on the sides.
In the mid-1850s. It was decided to demolish the dilapidated bridge. The demolition was carried out with great difficulty, due to the strength of the masonry, which had to be blown up. “How much effort and dedication it took to break this two-century-old monument! - writes I.M. Snegirev, who witnessed its destruction. - The very difficulty of breaking it proved the strength of its masonry and the goodness of the material, from which only one part was enough to build a huge house. Moscow residents gathered with curiosity and regret to look at the destruction of this bridge, which had long been revered as one of the wonders not only of our ancient capital, but of all of Russia in general.”
December 11, 2018
Here, on the Palatine Bridge, hundreds of tourists stop every day to once again capture themselves at the huge piece of ancient Roman history standing in the middle of the river. For hundreds of years, it has risen above the choppy waters of the Tiber at the point where the river makes its final turn before leaving the area of the historic center of the Eternal City. These are the still preserved remains of an ancient bridge, today called Ponte Rotto, which was the first stone bridge in Rome.
Ponte Rotto, Tiber
During work to expand the river bed and improve its banks, in 1887 the pedestrian bridge over the Tiber was eliminated. Its two arched spans, located closer to the western bank and built in the 16th century, were destroyed, leaving only one in the center of the river. Rising above the water, the ruin still rests on the original pylons built in the 2nd century BC.
Broken Bridge, 2018
Today, the remains of the bridge are covered with many cracks, giving this fragment of ancient Roman history an incomparable romantic look. And the Broken Bridge in Rome, standing in the middle of the river, will always remind its residents of the enormous destructive power of the Tiber.
The Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge is a bridge across the Moscow River, connecting Borovitskaya Square, Mokhovaya and Znamenka streets near the Borovitskaya Tower of the Kremlin with Bolshaya Polyanka Street on Bolotny Island.
The length of the bridge with approaches is 487 m, including a river span of 105 m, a bank span of 42.5 m, and a width of 40 m.
The Big Stone Bridge offers wonderful views of,.
The nearest metro stations: Polyanka, Borovitskaya, Tretyakovskaya.
The lattice of the Big Stone Bridge is decorated with the symbols of the USSR of the early period. Thus, on the coat of arms you can see the Monument to the Soviet Constitution, which was located on Tverskaya Square opposite the Moscow City Hall building in 1918-1941.
Historical reference
The modern bridge was built in 1938 and installed slightly downstream of the river (engineer N. Ya. Kalmykov, architects V. A. Shchuko, V. G. Gelfreich, M. A. Minkus). Later, the bridge was moved to Borovitskaya Square, since the narrow Lenivka made access to it difficult.
In 1643, by decree of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, the construction of a bridge across the Moscow River was started by a master from Strasbourg, Yagon Christler. The bridge was named All Saints after the nearby All Saints Gate. After the death of the king and the master, construction was stopped, as the plan was considered too bold and expensive.
Construction was resumed in 1682 and completed in 1687, on the initiative of Princess Sophia and Vasily Golitsyn, following the old model of Christler (who left behind a wooden model of the bridge) of the “bridge stone craftsman” monk St. Philaret. After completion in 1692, the bridge received the name of All Saints. Other names of the bridge were: Bersenevsky and New Kamenny (Old Kamenny meant the Trinity Bridge across the Neglinka, near the Trinity Tower of the Kremlin). Over time, the bridge acquired its modern name.
Huge amounts of money were spent on the construction of the bridge. At that time, a saying even arose - “” (about the value and high cost of something). In the 19th century in the Nizhny Novgorod province a saying was also recorded: “A stone bridge is better!”
Over time, the bridge fell into disrepair. In 1858, on the site of the dismantled bridge, engineer N.N. Voskoboynikov, according to the design of engineer Colonel Tannenberg, built a new, first metal three-span bridge in Moscow. The river span was blocked by arches. Fire monitors were used as pavement.
Video
Images
All Saints Bridge. Moscow at the end of the 17th century. Vasnetsov A.M., 1901 Yaroslavl Art Museum
