Russian hinterland: Orsk is a city that is located in two parts of the world at once. About the city of Orsk Public intracity transport

23.06.2023

Orsk: photo from space (Google Maps)
Orsk: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

Orsk. Nearest cities. Distances in km. on the map (in brackets along roads) + direction. By hyperlink in the column distance you can get the route (information kindly provided by the AutoTransInfo website)
1		12 (14)	Z
2		26 (36)	WITH
3	Novoorsk	39 (45)	NE
4	Energetik	60 (84)	WITH
5		64 (100)	Z
6	Akyar (Republic of Bashkortostan)	72 (97)	WITH
7		82 (115)	Z
8	Dombarovsky	90 (96)	SE
9	Komarovsky	99 ()	IN
10		99 (145)	IN
11	Adamovka	106 (125)	IN
12	Kvarkeno	128 ()	NE
13	Zilair (Republic of Bashkortostan)	132 (196)	NW
14	Belyaevka	144 (182)	Z

a brief description of

Located in the Southern Urals, at the confluence of the river. Ory in the Urals, 327 km southeast of Orenburg. Railway junction lines.

Orsk is the second most populous and industrially important city in the Orenburg region.

Territory (sq. km): 1427

Information about the city of Orsk on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

Founded in 1735 as a fortress in Orenburg (a city on the Or River). In 1740, Orenburg was founded anew downstream of the river. Yaik (Ural), and the fortress at the mouth of the Ori began to be called Orskaya.

Since 1861, the village of the Orenburg Cossack army. The city of Orsk since 1865. Since the end of the 19th century. district town of Orenburg province.

Apparently, the location of the city was indeed inconvenient (it was flooded with water, there were no forests), and the local Turkic-speaking population back in the mid-19th century. called it Yaman-kala - “bad fortress”.

From the end of the 19th century. The economic development of the city is accelerating.

In the 1930s deposits of nickel, iron ore, rare and non-ferrous metals were discovered in the Orsk region; the railway was built.

Municipal indicators

Index	1999	2001	2003	2005
Demography
Number of births, per 1000 population	7.5	8.4	10.3	9.8
Number of deaths, per 1000 population	14.9	15.9	17.4	19
Natural increase (decrease), per 1000 population	-7.4	-7.5	-7.1	-9.2
Standard of living of the population and social sphere
Average monthly nominal accrued wages, rub.	1332	2739	4305	6914
Average housing area per inhabitant (at the end of the year), sq.m.	18.4	19.2	21.4	21.7
Number of preschool institutions, pcs.	68	62	61	61
Number of children in preschool institutions, thousand people	7.7	8.3	8.2	8.6
Enrollment of children in preschool educational institutions (at the end of the year), as a percentage of the number of children of the corresponding age, %			61.4	61.1
Number of daytime educational institutions (at the beginning of the school year), pcs.	53	55	56	55
Number of students in daytime educational institutions, thousand people	39	35.7	31.2	27.2
Number of doctors, people.	1067	1044	998	978
Number of nursing staff, people.	3066	3113	3047	2910
Number of hospital institutions, pcs.	14	13	13	13
Number of hospital beds, thousand units	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.2
Number of medical outpatient clinics, pcs.	27	28	28	32
Capacity of medical outpatient clinics, visits per shift, thousand units.	7.1	7.2	7.2	7.4
Number of registered crimes, pcs.	6980	8325	6773	9340
Persons who committed crimes were identified, persons.	3289	3161	2520	2824
Economy, industry
Number of enterprises and organizations (at the end of the year), pcs.	2545	3110	3651	4177
Number of operating enterprises by type of activity: mining (at the end of the year), pcs.				4
Number of operating enterprises by type of activity: manufacturing (at the end of the year), pcs.				62
Number of operating enterprises by type of activity production and distribution of electricity, gas and water (at the end of the year), pcs.				19
Volume of shipped goods of own production by type of mining (in actual prices), million rubles.				955.6
Volume of shipped goods of own production by type of manufacturing (in actual prices), million rubles.				11897.6
Volume of shipped goods of own production by type of production and distribution of electricity, gas and water (in actual current prices), million rubles.				1032.2
Construction
Volume of work performed by type of activity "Construction" (until 2004 - volume of work performed under construction contracts), million rubles.	150	339	309	300
Commissioning of residential buildings, thousand sq.m. of total area	28.4	23.2	33.5	30.2
Commissioning of residential buildings, apartments	151	213	298	168
Commissioning of preschool institutions, places	0	0	0	0
Commissioning of educational institutions, places	0	0	0	0
Commissioning of hospital facilities, beds	0	0	0	0
Commissioning of outpatient clinics, visits per shift	0	0	0	0
Transport
Number of bus routes (in intracity traffic), pcs.	29	25	18	13
Length of operational tram tracks (at the end of the year), km		39.5	39.5
Number of trolleybus routes, pcs.			0	0
Number of passengers transported by buses per year (in intracity traffic), million people.	15.5	14	10.2	1.7
Number of passengers transported by trams per year, million people.		87.2	75.5
Number of passengers transported by trolleybuses per year, million people.				0
Connection
Number of residential telephone sets of the city public telephone network, thousand units.	37.3	41	49	58.5
Number of payphones of the city telephone network (including universal ones), pcs.			458	210
Trade and services to the population
Retail trade turnover (in actual prices), million rubles.	1362.4	2025.7	1846.2	3819.3
Retail trade turnover (in actual prices), per capita, rub.	4880	7276	7260	15168
Index of physical volume of retail trade turnover, % compared to the previous year			85.5	111.6
Public catering turnover (in actual prices), million rubles.	70.2	98.7	126.8	201.6
Index of physical volume of public catering turnover, % compared to the previous year			82.3	111.3
Number of stores, pavilions (at the end of the year), pcs.			69	20
Sales area of shops, pavilions (at the end of the year), sq.m.			10250.9	4117
Volume of paid services to the population (in actual prices), million rubles.	347.1	758.8	1466.5	2324.3
Volume of paid services to the population (in actual prices), per capita, rub.	1243.3	2731.3	5766.7	9230.7
Volume of household services to the population (in actual prices), million rubles.	12	25.6	66.3	113
Volume of household services to the population (in actual prices), per capita, rub.	42.9	92.2	237.7	448.7
Investments
Investments in fixed assets (in actual prices), million rubles.	413	936	1142	1210.4
Share of investments in fixed assets financed from budgetary funds in the total volume of investments, %	10.9	27	5.9	3.3

Data sources:

Regions of Russia. Main characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: statistical collection. Goskomstat of Russia. - M:, 2003.
Regions of Russia. Volume 1. Statistical collection. Goskomstat of Russia. - M:, 2001. p. 358
Regions of Russia. Basic socio-economic indicators of cities. Statistical collection. Rosstat. - M:, 2005. p. 235
Transport in Russia: Statistical collection. Goskomstat. - M:, 2003. pp. 110, 120
Transport in Russia: Statistical collection. Rosstat. - M:, 2005. pp. 117, 127
Regions of Russia. Basic socio-economic indicators of cities. 2006. Statistical collection. Rosstat. - M:, 2006. p. 239

Culture, science, education

Pedagogical Institute, branch of the Orenburg Polytechnic Institute.

Drama Theater named after A.S. Pushkin.

Museum of Local Lore and its branches - Museum of T.G. Shevchenko (was in exile in Orsk in 1847-48 and 1850).

From 1906 to 1918 (with interruptions) the writer L.N. lived in Orsk. Seifullin, in 1925-26 - Musa Jalil.

Universities of the city

Moscow Institute of Law (Orsky branch)
462420, Orenburg region, Orsk, Orskoe highway, 21

General information and history

Orsk is located in the Orenburg region. The city covers an area of 621.33 km², and according to this indicator is among the top ten cities of the Russian Federation.

It is separated from the regional capital by 286 kilometers, and Novotroitsk from Orsk by 14 kilometers.

Orsk is the second largest city in terms of industrial importance and population in its region.

The city was founded in 1735 on the left bank of the Yaik, at the confluence of the Or River. At first, the settlement was given the name Orenburg; it protected from nomads and was fortified. From him went the military border line along Yaik. Six years later, the fortress received a new title - Orskaya. A barter yard was founded not far from the fortress.

Many prominent people visited Orsk, for example Taras Shevchenko, Alexander Humboldt and others.

In 1861, the fortress was liquidated and in its place a village of the Orenburg Cossack army arose. Four years later, the village turned into a city, which in turn became the capital of the Orsk district of the Orenburg province. The city's territory began to be actively developed in the 1870s. Local residents sold grain and livestock, engaged in crafts and processed agricultural products. Then the volume of the gold mining industry began to increase in Orsk district. In 1913, construction of the railway station began.

In the 30s, on the right bank of the Urals, work began on the construction of a number of large industrial enterprises based on the local generous mineral deposits.

During the Second World War, many institutions, enterprises, as well as several tens of thousands of people were evacuated to Orsk. In 1945, the city's industrial enterprises produced as many products as were produced throughout the entire Urals in 1913. 22,000 Orchan residents were awarded medals and orders for their selfless work.

Districts of Orsk

Orsk, according to data as of January 2013, is divided into three districts - Oktyabrsky, Leninsky and Sovetsky.

Population of Orsk for 2018 and 2019. Number of residents of Orsk

Data on the number of city residents are taken from the Federal State Statistics Service. The official website of the Rosstat service is www.gks.ru. The data was also taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The website publishes data on the number of residents of Orsk. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Orsk by year; the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.

Graph of population changes in Orsk:

The total number of residents of Orsk as of 2014 is 234,813 people, the density is 377.92 people/km². In terms of population, it is 83rd among Russian cities. The national composition of the city is as follows (2010) - Russians (81.7%), Kazakhs (3.9%), Tatars (3.9%), Bashkirs, Ukrainians, Mordovians, Germans, Armenians, Azerbaijanis and other peoples.

Ethnic names: Orchane, Orchanin, Orchanka.

Base

Orsk was founded on August 15, 1735 (old style) near the mouth of the Or River, which is how it got its name. The future city began its history with the Orenburg (formerly Orsk) fortress. At the end of August, a team of soldiers was brought into the fortification and artillery was installed. About one and a half kilometers from the Orsk fortress itself was founded. But the construction of the city was prevented by an uprising in Bashkiria. In 1737, the initiator of the construction of Orenburg on this site, I. Kirilov, died.

The new city was to become the center of political and economic life in the eastern part of the state. In addition, it was supposed to become a stronghold of the new border line of fortifications. The new head of the Orenburg commission visited Orenburg in the summer of 1738. In his assessment, the fortification was “in a terrible state.” Thanks to the measures taken by Tatishchev to improve the fortress, an exchange and a guest house appeared near Orenburg (Orsk). Currently, this area houses the Old Town Market. Tatishchev also considered that this place was not suitable for the construction of Orenburg and proposed moving the city to the Krasnaya Gora tract. In August 1739, a decree was issued that the city of Orenburg should be moved to a new location. From now on the fortification should be called Orsky. Out of habit, the fortress was called Orenburg for several more years.

Orsk fortress

In the early 1740s, the new head of the Orenburg region, I. Neplyuev, proposed strengthening and developing the Orsk fortress. Near the fortification, a small settlement appeared, which was inhabited by retired soldiers with their families, as well as civilians. In 1749, the settlement and fortification were damaged by a strong flood. The settlement was moved to a new location. For a long time, the Orsk fortress remained a major trading center in the southeast of the country. Local residents traded with the Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and some peoples of Central Asia. However, with the beginning of the development of the barter yard in Orenburg, the Orsk fortress lost its former commercial significance. At the same time, the strengthening did not lose its importance as a trade route.

By the end of the 18th century, the Orsk fortress was considered a small, third-class fortification. In addition to Russians, Tatars and Kazakhs lived here. All houses were wooden. Only the commandant's house was made of stone. At the beginning of the new 19th century, there were already about a hundred courtyards at the fortress. In the 1830s, the Orsk fortress finally lost its significance as a border fortification, as the border line was moved to the Kazakh steppe. In those same years, the fortress also lost its commercial significance. Due to the status of the fortress, the fortification could not develop as a civilian settlement: there was no opportunity for the development of crafts, industry, etc. The fortress had a new purpose: those objectionable to the tsarist government were sent into exile here. Many Decembrists, as well as participants in the Polish uprisings, served their sentences in the fortification. According to contemporaries, life in the Orsk fortress was very harsh.

In the 1850s, the Orsko-Kazalinsky (otherwise known as the Orenburg-Tashkent) highway was opened, thanks to which life in the Orsk fortress became somewhat more active. Before the railway line between Orenburg and Tashkent appeared, all postal and freight transportation was carried out along this route.

Stanitsa Orskaya

In June 1861, the Orsk fortress was officially abolished as a military fortification. It was transformed into the Orskaya village of the Orenburg Cossack army. In December 1862, a permit was signed allowing nonresidents to build residential buildings and social facilities in the new village. In those years, the population of Orsk increased to 1800 people. Orsk existed as a village until May 1865.

On May 31, 1865, the village of Orskaya, in connection with the emergence of an administrative-territorial division, received the status of a city. Orsk becomes a district center.

City of Orsk

According to the List of populated places of the Orenburg province for 1866, in the district city of Orsk (Yaman-Kala) there were 435 households, the population was 3,088 people of both sexes - 1,679 males and 1,409 females. In the city there were: an Orthodox church, a Mohammedan mosque, a village Cossack school, a Mohammedan school (madrassa), 2 postal stations (linear and steppe), 7 factories. Yaman-kala, which means “bad city” - this is how the Kyrgyz-Kaisaks called Orsk.

In the first few years of its new status, Orsk did not yet look like a city. After receiving city status, the development of the settlement began at a faster pace. By the early 1870s, the population of Orsk had increased to 7,763 people. The construction of the new city was carried out by so-called settlements. An infirmary was established and a post office was opened. The barter yard was given over to city ownership. In 1881, the Turgai-Orsk freight route was opened, which served to transport cattle from Turgai to. The proximity of the livestock base created favorable conditions for the development of the processing industry. By the mid-1880s, there were about twenty businesses in the city. Labor in factories and factories was predominantly seasonal and depended on the raw materials supplied to the enterprises. At the end of the 19th century, transformations were carried out in the city that contributed to the development of Orsk as an urban-type settlement. The population of Orsk grew due to the development of trade and industry. Thus, Orsk began to be considered a promising commercial and industrial settlement. In 1886, the General Development Plan for Orsk was approved. A few years earlier, a decision was made to assign names to the streets.

At the end of the 19th century, the province experienced significant economic growth. This was due to the fact that local wheat received international recognition. In Orsky district the number of sown areas was significantly increased. And thanks to the abundant harvests, it was possible not only to sell grain abroad and keep it for personal consumption, but also to stock up for future use. Trade in flour was considered more profitable than trade in grain, so the number of flour mills increased in the city. The population increased to 14 thousand people.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, a huge number of peasants moved to Orsky district from the western provinces of Russia. By 1912, more than twenty thousand people lived in Orsk itself. Foreign entrepreneurs became interested in the city. From 1908 to 1913, several representative offices of foreign companies were opened in Orsk. Among them was the world-famous Singer company, which sold sewing machines. Shortly before the start of the First World War, a telegraph line was built between Orsk and Orenburg. Orsk was classified as a medium-sized city. In addition to residential buildings and industrial enterprises, here one could see several taverns, 3 hotels, 2 entertainment venues, a large number of inns, a printing house and a cinema. Fairs and bazaars were regularly held in the city.

Revolution and civil war

In 1917, Soviet power was proclaimed in Orsk. In the autumn of the same year, a coup took place in the province, organized by the ataman of the Orenburg army, Dutov. Ataman also served as a special representative of the Provisional Government. Thus, power in the Orenburg province ended up in the hands of counter-revolutionaries. Dutov was completely confident in his actions, as he relied on the local White Guards, the bourgeoisie and landowners. There were still enough supporters of the old regime in the province. The Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries also supported the ataman.

Dutov's rule brought nothing to the common population of the province except bloody massacres and hunger. In the fight against Dutovism, the residents of the Orenburg province were helped by the Council of People's Commissars and. Red units occupied Orenburg in January 1918, which forced Dutov to flee. However, he never abandoned his criminal intentions. Ataman gathered counter-revolutionary forces, maintaining contact with like-minded Orenburg supporters. Already in the spring of 1918, uprisings took place in several Cossack villages. In Orsky district there were also those who were on Dutov’s side. The uprising was supported by Cossacks from Ilyinskaya and Krasnogorskaya villages. Dutov attempted an attack on the provincial center. The Bolsheviks of the province roused the people to fight against the ataman’s like-minded people. A workers' squad was created in Orsk for these purposes. And after some time, a Muslim Red Guard detachment was organized in the city, which, as the name implies, included representatives of the Muslim population of the city.

The Orsk Red Guards supported their Orenburg comrades. The fighters completely coped with the task assigned to them. Despite the significant successes of the Red Army, the White Guards did not give up for a long time. In July 1918, Orenburg again fell to the Whites. The Red Army was forced to retreat to Aktyubinsk. Then a detachment of two thousand soldiers under the command of M. Krasnoshchekov returned to Orsk. Some other Red Guard units that had retreated from the provincial center also arrived in the city. The territories around Orsk were controlled by the White Guards. Local Red Army soldiers found themselves cut off from the main forces. The Dutovites attempted to capture the city, but the attack was repulsed.

The White Guards decided to starve Orsk out. For two months the city was regularly shelled by the enemy. The shelling often caused serious fires. Despite their plight, the Red Army soldiers who were in Orsk were able to protect the city from the enemy. The defenders of Orsk had to face a huge number of difficulties: food and ammunition supplies were gradually running out, and there was a shortage of medicines. The city had no connection with the outside world. One of the residents of Orsk went over to the enemy side. A telephone line was secretly installed in his attic, thanks to which the traitor was able to report on the situation in the city. Thus, Dutov was able to carry out successful raids on the city, leaving behind dozens of dead and wounded. The traitor was exposed and shot. However, there were still a large number of tsarist officers in the city, skillfully masquerading as “their own.” The officers sowed panic among the population. But over time, these actions were stopped.

The most fierce battles took place on the territory of Orsky district in February 1919. It was possible to completely liberate the district from the White Guards only in mid-March. In memory of the events that took place during the Civil War, the streets of modern Orsk bear the names of famous heroes who bravely defended the city. In the mid-90s of the twentieth century, a cross was erected at the exit from Orsk in honor of the heroes of the civil war.

Post-war years

After the liberation of Orsk, the district was divided into 6 districts. In all settlements in the district, libraries and reading rooms were built, in which the communists carried out explanatory work with the population. The peasants had to understand all the advantages of the new government and get away from the influence of the kulaks. The national economy was in need of serious restoration. The size of sown areas was sharply reduced. Once upon a time, Orsky district had the opportunity to sell grain abroad. After the Civil War, there were not enough seeds even for sowing. Livestock farming was also in dire straits. Most of the Orsk enterprises stopped operating due to a lack of qualified workers and raw materials. The transport system was completely disrupted. The surplus appropriation system provoked fierce resistance from the kulaks, many of whom hid officers of the tsarist army in their homes. Kulaks and officers united in gangs that killed and robbed at night. Komsomol members and communists were mobilized to fight the gangs. Banditry in the Orsk district was completely eliminated only in 1922.

After the final victory of Soviet power, one of the main tasks became the completion of the construction of the railway line between Orsk and Orenburg. Work on this site, begun in 1913, was not completed due to revolutionary upheavals and the civil war. The completion of construction was carried out by selected forces of the local party organization. Subbotniks and Sundays were constantly held on the railway. The first train was able to travel along this line in 1923, despite the fact that the line had not yet been completed. The railway contributed to the further development of Orsk.

City businesses needed immediate restoration. The party organization tried to involve as many people as possible in public life. Orsk women become equal participants in the events taking place in their hometown. In 1920, one of the first non-partisan women's conferences took place, at which residents of Orsk discussed issues such as the creation in the city of women's and children's clinics, a mother and child home and a unified labor school with co-education. Even the bad harvest of 1921 did not prevent the establishment of a new government in the city. By the end of the 20s, life in Orsk gradually improved. There were more than fifty industrial and more than two hundred commercial enterprises in the city. Orsk Komsomol members did a lot for the development of their native city. In the evenings, girls and boys staged raids and fought against speculators and moonshiners. In 1929, construction of a railway bridge across the Ural River was completed. The railway line connecting Orsk with Orenburg was completed. Thanks to the appearance of the line, the city was able to become a major railway junction.

It is generally accepted that the new history of Orsk began in 1932. This was the year when the government decided to build the Social City on the right bank of the Elshanka River. It was planned to build several new industrial enterprises on the left bank. Until the 40s, the city saw the development of the construction of industrial and residential complexes. According to the plan, Orsk was to become a garden city. Innovative urban planning ideas proposed dividing Orsk into zones. Landscaping was to be carried out inside sanitary protection zones and within buildings. In 1935, a new General Plan for Orsk was developed. Despite a considerable number of advantages, the plan had a number of significant disadvantages associated with the mechanical nature of the planning network. In addition, the sanitary zone between industrial enterprises and residential buildings was too small. The old part of the city was not connected rationally enough to the new one. The main advantages include wide boulevards leading to businesses and the identification of main streets. The structure of the city was finally formed shortly before the start of the Great Patriotic War. During the years of the second and third five-year plans, workers' settlements were built near industrial enterprises.

Repressions in Orsk

One of the saddest episodes in the history of the city is the repression of the second half of the 30s, which affected not only Orsk itself, but the entire city. At first, the repression affected party leaders. Then the “great terror” overwhelmed the local teachers. The repressions began in August and continued until December 1937. The bloody action was directed against criminals, anti-Soviet elements and former kulaks. In the Orenburg region it was planned to shoot one and a half thousand people. At least three thousand were to be imprisoned. In Orsk, the first victim of the attack was teacher Dmitry Kirovsky, who taught mathematics and physics at one of the local schools. The reason for Kirovsky's arrest was his trip to China, where he was sent to educate the children of emigrants. Not only the teachers themselves suffered, but their relatives. Dmitry Kirovsky's wife was suspended from work for having family ties with an “enemy of the people.” School No. 8 teacher N. Zotov and his sister ended up in prison because of their noble origins.

In 1938-1940, when the repressions were already over, some teachers were reinstated in their jobs. Among them are N. Rubinstein, B. Arngolts, the Zotov brother and sister. From 1956 to 1989, the rehabilitation of innocent victims of repression was carried out.

Poles in Orsk

During the Great Patriotic War, many enterprises were evacuated to Orsk. Tens of thousands of refugees taken from the occupied territories found shelter in the city. During the war years, the construction of temporary housing developed in Orsk, which was erected near industrial enterprises. For a number of European countries, World War II began in the late 30s. On September 1, 1939, an attack was carried out on Poland. And a few weeks later Poland disappeared from the political map. The western part of the country came under the rule of Nazi Germany. Eastern Poland became part of the USSR. Thousands of refugees flocked to Soviet territory from the west of the country. Among them were not only Poles, but also Jews, whose lives were in even greater danger. Most of the refugees were transported deep into the Soviet Union. Not all of these people were in the position of refugees and migrants. Some were sent to camps and forced labor.

The Orenburg (in those years - Chkalovsk) region was chosen as one of the places of resettlement of Polish immigrants. Over time, a Polish diaspora formed in Orsk. These people were called former Poles. Adults worked in city enterprises. Polish children attended a school specially organized for them, where they studied not only their native language, but also Russian, geography, history, arithmetic and natural science.

In 1943, the “Union of Polish Patriots in the USSR” was organized in Orsk. Little information has been preserved about the activities of this organization. It is known that Polish patriots were involved in the distribution of material assistance from abroad. Thanks to the Union, in 1943 a resolution was adopted on the formation of the country's first Polish infantry division, named after the national Polish hero T. Kosciuszko. Poles living on the territory of the USSR were drafted into the division, regardless of their professional activities and availability of armor. The managers of the enterprises where Polish citizens worked did not want to let the workers go to the front and tried to intervene, but to no avail. Even the leaders of the Union were called to the front. In 1995, the Book of Memory of those killed in the Great Patriotic War was published in Orsk. Among the names of Russian fighters you can find the names of Polish citizens who fought against fascism shoulder to shoulder with their Russian comrades.

Orsk after the Great Patriotic War

After the end of the war, Poland again became a sovereign state. A Soviet-Polish agreement was signed between the USSR and Poland, according to which Poles living on the territory of the USSR had the right to freely return to their homeland. Repatriation began in March 1946. Most Poles chose to leave for Poland. Some Polish citizens decided for one reason or another to remain in the USSR.

Thanks to the arrival of evacuees in the city, the population grew to 120 thousand people. The city needed housing. The new part of Orsk was built up with capital multi-storey buildings and public buildings. In the post-war years, the modern architectural appearance of the city was formed. In January 1971, Orsk was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

Over the past 20 years, Orsk has grown significantly. All villages in the vicinity of the city (except for the New Biofactory) were united into a single urban entity. There are 5 railway stations in Orsk, the most important of which are the Nikel and Orsk stations. The city is divided into 3 districts. Orsk is considered the second settlement in the region for the development of industrial potential.

orchanin, orchanka, orchane

Timezone Telephone code Postal codes Vehicle code OKATO code Official site

The city is located 251.47 km from Orenburg.

Orsk is the second largest population(238 thousand inhabitants) and in terms of industrial importance the city of the Orenburg region. Most of the residents are Russian. In percentage, the national composition of the population is as follows: Russians - 80,5 %, Ukrainians - 4,1 %, Tatars - 4 %, Kazakhs - 3,7 %, Germans - 1,6 %, Bashkirs - 1,6 %, Mordovians - 1,0 %, Belarusians - 0,5 %, Chuvash- 0.5%, other nationalities - 2.5% [significance of the fact?] .

Geography

Geographical position

The city is located in the southern spurs Ural mountains at the confluence rivers Ory V Ural. The latter divides the city into two parts - European(New City) and Asian(Old city).

Timezone

Story

October 10 (21), 1731, a significant part of the meeting Kazakh foremen led by Abulkhair Khan supported the adoption of an act of voluntary accession Junior zhuz Kazakhs To Russia. In 1734 Abulkhair khan sent with a Russian diplomat A. I. Tevkelev to the Empress's court Anna Ioannovna an embassy led by his son Erali, who pledged on behalf of his father to protect the security of the Russian borders adjacent to the lands of his horde, to protect Russian merchant caravans as they passed through the Kyrgyz steppes, to give, like Bashkirs and Kalmyks, in case of need, an auxiliary army and pay yasak in animal skins. As a reward for this, Abulkhair Khan asked to establish the khan's succession to the throne for eternity in his family and to build a city with a fortress on the Or River, where he could find refuge in case of danger. Thus, Orsk was founded on August 15 (26), 1735 Orenburg expedition under the guidance of a famous geographer 18th century Ivan Kirillovich Kirilov as a fortress near Mount Preobrazhenskaya on the left bank of the river Yaik (Ural) at the confluence of the Or River. Hydronym Or from Kaz. or "ditch, ditch", and also head ur - “valley, ravine, channel, ravine.” A citadel was built on Mount Preobrazhenskaya, and near the mountain there was a wooden church of St. Andrew the First-Called.

The original name of the settlement was Orenburg; it was intended to protect against nomads and was fortified. Its construction marked the beginning of the emergence of a border military line along Yaik (from the Kazakh Zhaik). IN 1739 the fortress was renamed Orskaya; at the same time, Orenburg itself was moved downstream of the Urals. In 1738, half a mile (about 500 m) from the Orsk fortress, the new head of the Orenburg expedition V. N. Tatishchev a barter yard was built; customs duties from trade with Kazakhstan and Asia in 1745 amounted to 6,893 rubles.

In 1749, after a severe flood, the church, called the Transfiguration of the Lord, was moved to the removed top of Mount Preobrazhenskaya. In 1751 the church received its first parishioners.

Many famous people visited the Orsk fortress and later in Orsk: astronomer Christopher Euler, son of a famous mathematician Leonhard Euler, which according to instructions St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences With May, 23rd By June 3 1769 from Mount Preobrazhenskaya, from the temporary observatory, watched transit of Venus in front of the disk Sun; On July 13 (24), 1769, a German traveler and a Russian academician visited the Orsk fortress P. S. Pallas;in 1829, a German scientist Alexander Humboldt.In 1837, while traveling around Russia, Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich (the future Tsar) visited the Orsk fortress Alexander II).The great Russian poet also traveled with him V. A. Zhukovsky, who in his diary left a drawing of a half-stone church on Mount Preobrazhenskaya. WITH 22nd of June 1847 By May 11 1848 Ukrainian poet and artist was in exile in the Orsk fortress Taras Shevchenko. IN 1891 the city was visited by His Imperial Highness Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov (future Tsar Nicholas II).

In the 1840s, in the center of the old fortress, on the site of the original wooden church of St. Andrew the First-Called, another Cathedral Church of the Transfiguration was built. T. G. Shevchenko mentions her. Construction of the church was completed in 1852.

Intensive development of the city began in the 1870s. The population was engaged in trading livestock and grain, processing agricultural products, and crafts. Many women were engaged in knitting famous Orenburg down shawls and openwork cobwebs. The active development of the city's economy was facilitated by the opening of the freight route Turgai- Orsk in 1881. Four years later, there were already about 20 small factories, factories and manufactories in Orsk. IN 1888 The Orsk women's community with a school for girls was established.

Healthcare

There are a number of medical and healthcare institutions operating in the city. These include:

City Hospital No. 1
City Hospital No. 2
City Hospital No. 3
City Hospital No. 4
City Hospital No. 5
City Hospital No. 6
Psychiatric Hospital No. 3
Orsk City Oncology Dispensary
Orsk City Tuberculosis Dispensary
Orsk Narcological Dispensary
Orsk Ambulance Station
Orsk City Medical and Physical Education Dispensary
Orsk Center for the Prevention of Infectious Diseases and the Fight against AIDS
Orsk Dermatovenerological Dispensary
Regional blood transfusion station
Children's House

There are also non-governmental healthcare institutions: Nodal Hospital at Orsk station, “Price Quality Polyclinic” at the address: st. Engelsa, house 30.

Culture

There are three state universities in the city - OGTI (Orsk Humanitarian and Technological Institute) - a branch of OSU ( Orenburg State University) and PF OGIM (Orsk branch), PF SamGUPS (Orsk branch of the Samara State Transport University) as well as several commercial universities, many schools and colleges, among which Gymnasium No. 1, Gymnasium No. 2 and MOAU Secondary School No. 4, which annually take prizes in city, regional and all-Russian Olympiads, students become winners of scientific and practical conferences; The Orsky State Drama Theater named after A.S. occupies a special place in the life of the city. Pushkin, being the center of cultural life not only of the city, but of the entire Eastern Orenburg region; local history museum, archaeological research laboratory, children's art gallery, children's theater-studio "Blue Bird", folk theater-studio "Vstrecha", municipal brass band, art houses, libraries. In 1969, the College of Arts opened in Orsk.

Public intracity transport

Internet

There are several Internet providers operating in the city. Among them: Rostelecom (ADSL, modem connection, optical network), Dialog-M (optical network, ADSL, radio access, modem connection), Orsktelecom (optical network), "Ufanet"(optical network), "Enforta"(radio access), "BIG Telecom Ural" (optical network), "ASS-COM", "Telecom-M" (optical network), TransTeleCom (optical network).

Cable TV

Cable television services are provided by the following companies: OAO Rostelecom using IP TV technology, Orsktelecom, Telecom-M (OZTP village, Stepnoy village, Myasokombinat village, Vokzalny village), Ufanet.

Nature

One of the city’s attractions is the famous Orsk variegated jasper. Deposit ( Mount Colonel) is located within the city. Orsk jasper is distinguished by the greatest variety of patterns and colors. All colors, with the exception of pure blue, are represented in it. Particularly interesting among variegated jaspers are landscape and patterned ones, when some fantastic design or picture emerges on a polished stone.

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